Jaka Andrian
B. The Advantages of Scanning Technique
III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design
Prosiding Seminar Ilmiah Terjadwal ―Pengolahan Data Analisis Karya Ilmiah”, 08 Mei 2018
Page 49 supporting details. The purpose of scanning is to extract specific information without reading through the whole text. for academic English, scanning is absolutely essential.
in vocational or general English, scanning is important in dealing with genres like schedules, manuals, forms, etc.
2.9 The Advantages of Skimming and Scanning Techniques A. The Advantages of Skimming Technique
1) It will make students aware of the benefits of the information available in reading materials both authentic and inauthentic because this technique also prepares the students to be independent reader.
2) It will make students aware of reading strategy is used to find the stated and unstated information in certain text as this technique does not only focus on asking the students to do reading test but also focus on equipping the students with the technique used in different texts.
Prosiding Seminar Ilmiah Terjadwal ―Pengolahan Data Analisis Karya Ilmiah”, 08 Mei 2018
Page 50
Control group √ - √
3.2 Population and Sample 1. Population
A study requires a subject to be studied, so that in the study is inseparable from the existence of the population. The study population is a group of individuals investigated about aspects of the group. Before determining the population, what needs to be known is the understanding of the population.
The population of this research was the grade XI students of SMA Negeri 5 Pematangsiantar which is shown in the table below.
Table 3.1. Population
No. Class Number of Students
1. XI – IPA 1 36
2. XI – IPA 2 36
3. XI – IPA 3 35
4. XI – IPA 4 35
5. XI – IPA 5 35
6. XI – IPS 1 35
7. XI – IPS 2 33
8. XI – IPS 3 34
9. XI – IPS 4 32
Total 311
2. Sample
In this research, the researcher took two classes to be the sample. By using random sampling, which was made by the researcher, the researcher write the class of the sample in a small paper, and put it in a small pipe, then it is shake in a cup. Then the researcher take two sample, the first class was experimental group. The second class was control group. The sample of this study was class XI IPA 4 as experimental group and class XI IPA 5 as control group which each class consist of 35 students of XI IPA-4, and 35 students of class XI IPA-5. The total number of students were 70 students.
Table 3.2. Number of Sample
No. Group Class of Students
Number Of Students
1. Experimental Group XI IPA 4 35
2. Control group XI IPA 5 35
Total 70
3.3 Object of the Research
Prosiding Seminar Ilmiah Terjadwal ―Pengolahan Data Analisis Karya Ilmiah”, 08 Mei 2018
Page 51 The object of the research is the student‘s comprehension in comprehending hortatory exposition text at grade XI students of SMA Negeri 5 Pematangsiantar in academic year 2017/2018.
3.4 Instrument of the Research
According to Sugiyono (2009:148) instrument is a tool used to measure both natural and social phenomena observed. In this research, to get the data, the researcher used test in this study. Test is a material which is given to the students to measure the students‘ ability in comprehending or understanding a text.
1. Test
A test is a set of stimuli presented to an individual in order to elicit responses on the basis of which a numerical score can be assigned. The form of test was multiple- choices. The reason why the items test was constructed in form of multiple choices, because multiple choices was objective test. Objective test was made just as easy or as difficult as the test constructor wishes.
2. Test Specification
No. Criteria of question Text number Number of question
1. Finding the main idea 1
2 5
3 5 14 2. Asking for general and specific
information
3 4 5 6
7,8 11,12
15 17 3. Finding the meaning or
definition
1 3 4
2 10 13
5. Asking for title 1 1
6. Asking for place or number 2 6
4 18,19,20 7. Asking for the purpose or
function of the text
2 3 5
6 9 16
Total 20 20
3.5 Technique of Collecting Data 1. Pre-test
Prosiding Seminar Ilmiah Terjadwal ―Pengolahan Data Analisis Karya Ilmiah”, 08 Mei 2018
Page 52 It is aimed to know the students‘ ability in comprehending the material of teaching reading comprehension which is given by the researcher.
2. Treatment
For experimental group the students were taught by skimming and scannning technique while in control group the students were taught without skimming and scanning technique.
3. Post-test
Post test was administered towards control and experimental groups at the end of course. It was aimed to see whether there was significant effect by using skimming and scanning techniques on students‘ reading comprehension or not.
3.6 Technique of Analyzing Data 1. Determining Mean
𝑀𝑥 =∑x N 𝑀𝑥= Mean score of post-test in experimental group
∑x = Sum of multification X in experimental group N = Total number of students
2. Defining standard deviation 𝑆𝐷 = 1
𝑁 𝑁 ∑X2 − (∑X)2 Note:
SD = Standard Deviation
N = Total number of sample in experimental group
∑x = Total of students‘ scores of post-test in experimental group 3. Determining T-test
𝑥 = 𝑀𝑥 − 𝑀𝑦
∑𝑥2+ ∑𝑦2 𝑁𝑥 + 𝑁𝑦 − 2 1
𝑁𝑥 + 1 𝑁𝑦
Note : 𝑀𝑥= Mean of Experimental group 𝑀𝑦= Mean of control group
x = Standard deviation of experimental group y = Standard deviation of control group
𝑁𝑥= total number of sample in Experimental group 𝑁𝑦= total number of sample in control group
4. Testing Validity of the Test
Prosiding Seminar Ilmiah Terjadwal ―Pengolahan Data Analisis Karya Ilmiah”, 08 Mei 2018
Page 53 𝑟𝑥𝑦 = ∑ 𝑥𝑦
∑𝑥2 (∑𝑦2) The criteria of validity is as the following:
0,91 <rxy< 1,00 = Very high 0,71 <rxy< 0,90 = High 0,41 <rxy< 0,70 = Fair 0,00 <rxy<0,40 = Low
IV. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION