ي آزادز ي ﻫﺎ ﺐ ﯿآﻣ ﯽ ﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮﭘ ﯿﻣ ﯾﯽ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎ ي ﺟﺪاﺳﺎز ﯽ ﺧﺮا

(1)

زﺎﺳاﺪﺟ ي

ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ و ﯽﯾ

ﻣﯿ ﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮑ ﯽ

ﻣآ ﯿ ﺐ ﺎﻫ ي زدازآ ي

بآ رد ﺎﻫ

ي ﺤﻄﺳ ﯽ ﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ ﯿ

،ﺪﻨﺟﺮ ﺑﻮﻨﺟ نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ

ﯽ

ناوﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﺿردﻮﻤﺤﻣ ،1

ﻪﻧﺎﮑﻠﻣ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،2

حﺎﺒﺼﻣ داﺰﻬﺑ

3هداز ، ﺮﺷ ﺎﺿﺮﻣﻼﻏ ﯾ

ﻒ

4هداز

،

ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺎﻤﻧ ﻦﺴﺣ

5ﯽﯾ ﻨﻬﺑ ﺪﻣﺎﺣ ، ﯿﺎ

6ﺮﻓ ، دﺮﺠﺳﻻ هﺮﻫز

7ي

هﺪﯿﮑﭼ

ﻪﻨﯿﻣز فﺪﻫ و ﻣآ: ﯿ ﺐ ﺎﻫ ي زدازآ ي

، ﻪﺑ ﻞﮕﻧا ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﻫ

ي ﺘﺧا ﯿ رﺎ ي

، نژﻮﺗﺎﭘ ﺎﻫ ي ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﻣآ و ﺐﻠﻃ ﯿ ﺐ ﺎﻫ ي ﻔﻣآ ﯽ ﺋوز ﯿ ﮏ ﺻﻮﺗ ﯿ ﻒ هﺪﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧا

ﺤﻣ رد ﯿ ﻂ

، ﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﯽ ﻣﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺳ رد و ﯿ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺒﺼﻋ ﯽ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ي ﺣ و نﺎﺴﻧا ﯿ تﺎﻧاﻮ

، دﺎﺠﯾا ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ . ا مﺎﺠﻧا زا فﺪﻫ ﯾ

ﻦ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

،

ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﯾ ﻣآ ﯿ ﺐ ﺎﻫ ي زدازآ ي بآ رد ﺎﻫ ي ﺤﻄﺳ ﯽ ﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ ﯿ ﺪﻨﺟﺮ ﺳرﺮﺑ و ﺖﺸﮐ شور ﻪﺑ ﯽ

ﻣﯿ ﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮑ ﯽ و سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﯾ

ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي

ﺖﺨﯾر ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ دﻮﺑ .

شور ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ا رد: ﯾ ﻦ ﺻﻮﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯿﻔ

ﯽ - ﻌﻄﻘﻣ ﯽ

، داﺪﻌﺗ 50 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

،بآ بآ زا ﺎﻫ ي ﺤﻄﺳ ﯽ ﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ ﯿ ﺪﻨﺟﺮ

، زا كرﺎﭘ ﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻣ ،ﺎﻫ

ﯿ دﺎ ﯾ ﻦ

ﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﯽ

، بآ ﺎﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ا و ﯾ هﺎﮕﺘﺴ ﺎﻫ ي ﻊﻤﺟ بآ ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ روآ

ي دﺮﮔ ﯾﺪ و رد ﺎﻣزآ ﯾ هﺎﮕﺸ

، ﻓ زا ﯿ ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻠ ي ﺬﻏﺎﮐ ي ﻧﯿ ﺰﻟﻮﻠﺳوﺮﺘ ﺷ هداد رﻮﺒﻋ ﺪ

. ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ

ﻗﺎﺑ ﯿ ور هﺪﻧﺎﻤ ي ﻓﯿ ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻠ

، ﺤﻣ رد ﯿ ﻂ ﻏ رﺎﮔآ ﺖﺸﮐ ﯿ

ﺬﻐﻣﺮ ي ﺪﺷ هداد ﺖﺸﮐ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺖﺷﺬﮔ زا ﺲﭘ و

، و زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﯾ

ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي

ﺖﺨﯾر ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ

، ﻣآ ﯿ ﺐ ﺎﻫ ي ﺪﺷر ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﯾ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ .

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺎﻫ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ زا: 50 هداد ﺖﺸﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻣﺮﯿﻏ رﺎﮔآ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ يور ﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ

،يﺬﻐ 19 ) 38 (%

ﻪﺑ هدﻮﻟآ ،بآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﺲﻨﺟ ﺐﯿﻣآ

دﻮﺑ . رد 2 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ )4 (%

ﺰﯿﻧ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ هﺪﯿﻔﻣﺎﮑﻟاو هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ يزدازآ ﺐﯿﻣآ .

ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ يﺮﯿﮔ ﺎﺘﻧ: ﯾ ﺞ داد نﺎﺸﻧ

، ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯽ بآ زا ﺎﻫ ي ﺤﻄﺳ ﯽ ﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ ﯿ ﺪﻨﺟﺮ

، ﻣ هدﻮﻟآ ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﻞﮕﻧا ﻪﺑ ﯽ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

؛ ا زا ﯾ ﻦ ور

، ﻪﺟﻮﺗ

ﺑ ﻪﺑ نﺎﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﯿ

رﺎﻤ ي ﺎﻫ ي ﺷﺎﻧ ﯽ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺟﻮﺗ و نآ زا ﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ نارﺎﮐرﺪﻧا

ﯽ ﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﯽ

بآ ﺎﻫ ي ﺤﻄﺳ ﺪﮐار ﯽ ا لﺎﻘﺘﻧا رد ﯾ ﻦ

ﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﯽ ﻼﻋ ﺐﺼﻧ و ﯾ

ﻢ ا رد ﺮﻄﺧ ﯾ ﻦ نﺎﮑﻣ ﺎﻫ روﺮﺿ ي ﻪﺑ ﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﯽ ﺪﺳر .

هژاو يﺪﯿﻠﮐ يﺎﻫ ﻣآ:

ﯿ ﺐ ﺎﻫ ي زآا دز ي

؛ ﺤﻄﺳ بآ ﯽ

؛ ﺖﺨﯾر ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ؛ﺑ ﯿ ﺪﻨﺟﺮ

ﺑ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﺪﻨﺟﺮﯿ

. 1394

؛ هرود 22 ) 2 :(

161 - 168 .

ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد : 11 / 04 / 1393 شﺮﯾﺬﭘ : 15 / 04 / 1394

ﺑﺮﻣ١

ﯽ

، ﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﯿ تﺎﻘ ﻣﻮﻧژ ﯿ ﮏ

، ﻞﮕﻧا هوﺮﮔ ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ

، ﭘ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﯿ ﮑﺷﺰﭘاﺮ ﯽ

، ﮑﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽ

ﺑﯿ

،ﺪﻨﺟﺮ ﺑﯿ

،ﺪﻨﺟﺮ

؛ناﺮﯾا

ﺸﻧاد2

ﯿ رﺎ،

ﺑ هوﺮﮔ ﯿ ﺷﻮ ﯿﻤ ﯽ ﻟﺎﺑ ﯿﻨ ﯽ

، ،ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘاﺮﯿﭘ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﮑﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد

ﯽ ﺑﯿ

،ﺪﻨﺟﺮ اﯾ ناﺮ

؛

رﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳا٣

، تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻮﻀﻋ

،ﺮﻧوﺮﮐ قوﺮﻋ و زوﺮﻠﮑﺳاوﺮﺗآ يژﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ هوﺮﮔ

،

،ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘاﺮﯿﭘ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﮑﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد

ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺪﻨﺟﺮ ناﺮﯾا ،ﺪﻨﺟﺮﯿﺑ ، .

ﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻮﻀﻋ رﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳا٤

ﯽ ﮑﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﺑ ّﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﯽ

ناﺮﯾا ،ﺪﻨﺟﺮﯿﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺟﺮﯿﺑ -

- ﮑﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽ

ﺪﻨﺟﺮﯿﺑ

ﺸﻧاد٥

ﯿ رﺎ ، ﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﯿ تﺎﻘ ﺗﺎﭙﻫ ﯿ

،ﺖ ﮑﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽ

ﺑﯿ

،ﺪﻨﺟﺮ اﯾ ناﺮ

؛

6 ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ي ﺘﮐد ﺮ ي

، ﻞﮕﻧا هوﺮﮔ ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ چرﺎﻗ و ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ

، ﮑﺷﺰﭘ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﯽ

ﻬﺷ ﯿﺪ ﺘﺸﻬﺑ ﯽ

، ا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ﯾ ناﺮ

؛

7

؛لوﺆﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد

ي ﺮﺘﮐد ي

، ﻞﮕﻧا هوﺮﮔ ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ چرﺎﻗ و ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ

، ﮑﺷﺰﭘ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﯽ

ﻬﺷ ﯿﺪ ﺘﺸﻬﺑ ﯽ

، ا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ﯾ ناﺮ .

سردآ : ناﺮﻬﺗ - ﻬﺷ هاﺮﮔرﺰﺑ ﯿﺪ ناﺮﻤﭼ - ﺧﯿ نﺎﺑﺎ ﯾ ﻦﻤــ - ﺧﯿ نﺎﺑﺎ ﻬﺷ ﯿﺪ ﺑاﺮــﻋا ﯽ - ﺑ ﺐﻨﺟ ﯿ نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤ آﯾ ﺖ ﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﻃ ﷲا ﯽ - ﮑﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽ

ﻬﺷ ﯿﺪ ﺘﺸﻬﺑ ﯽ - ﮑﺷﺰﭘ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﯽ

- ﻞﮕﻧا هوﺮﮔ ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ و

چرﺎﻗ ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽ

(2)

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ

، ﺐﯿﻣآ زا ﯽﺴﻨﺟ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا يزدازآ يﺎﻫ

ﺑ و دراد ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻪ

و بﻼﺿﺎﻓ ،اﻮﻫ ،كﺎﺧ ،بآ رد ﺮﯿﮔاﺮﻓ رﻮﻃ

ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﯽﻣ هﺪﻨﮐاﺮﭘ ﺎﻫ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) 1 .(

ﮏﺗ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺘﺧﺎﯾ ﺎﻫ

، ﺪﻧز ﯽﮔ

ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ترﻮﺻ رد و ﺪﻧراد ﻪﻧﺎﮔود ﯽﻣ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ندﻮﺑ

ﯽﮔﺪﻧز ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ

ﺪﻨﻨﮐ اﺪﯿﭘ ﯽﻠﮕﻧا .

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺎﻬﻧآ راد ﯽﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻧ

ﺎﻬﻧآ زا ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪ

ﻧاﻮﯿﺣ و نﺎﺴﻧا ياﺮﺑ نﺎ

يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ از . ﻪﻧﻮﮔ رد ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ يﺎﻫ

دﻮﺧ ﯽﮔﺪﻧز ﻪﺧﺮﭼ ﯽﻃ

، ﺖﯿﺋوزﻮﻓوﺮﺗ و ﺖﺴﯿﮐ ﻞﮑﺷ ود ﻪﺑ

ﯽﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ

) 2

، 3 .(

ﻮﺟو ﺎﺑ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا د هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ يﺎﻫ شراﺰﮔ ،ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﺲﻨﺟ ياز

يدوﺪﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ

دراد دﻮﺟو ﺎﻬﻧآ زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ هرﺎﺑرد .

شراﺰﮔ ﺮﺜﮐا ﻊﻗاو رد ﺎﻫ

لﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺞﯾار زا ﺲﭘ و ﺮﯿﺧا يﺎﻫ

يﺎﻫﺰﻨﻟ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا نﺪﺷ

ﯽﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻤﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

) 4 .(

زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ ﺖﯿﺗاﺮﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑا دراﻮﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا

ﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﻣ ،ناﺮﯾا رد ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ ﺮﮕﯾد رد ﺎﺑﻮﻣ ﺆﯾ

ﻦﯾا ﺪ

ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﮑﻧ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

. زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﺠﻧآ زا هﺎﮕﺘﺴﯾز

لﻮﻤﻌﻣ يﺎﻫ

يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻦﯾا و ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ بآ ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ و ﺖﺳا بآ ﺎﻫ

يﺎﻫ

ﯽﺤﻄﺳ

، ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ عاﻮﻧا ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا يﺎﻫ

؛

ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺑ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﻪ

زا ﺗ و ﻆﻔﺣ ،ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ظﺎﺤﻟ ﺄ

رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ داﺮﻓا ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻦﯿﻣ

ﺖﺳا ﺪﻨﻤﺷزرا )

5 - 7 (.

ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﻣ ﺐﯿﻣآ ﻦﯾا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ

يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﺺﻘﻧ ياراد ﺎﯾ ﻢﻟﺎﺳ داﺮﻓا رد ار ﯽﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺪﻨﻨﮐ دﺎﺠﯾا ﯽﻨﻤﯾا .

يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﻦﯾا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫ

ناﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ آ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻔﺴﻧ

ﺗاﺮﮐ ،ﯽﺒﯿﻣآ زﻮﺗﺎﻣﻮﻟﻮﻧاﺮﮔ ﻢﺧز ،ﯽﺒﯿﻣآ ﺖﯿ

و ﯽﺘﺳﻮﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ رد ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ دﻮﻤﻧ هرﺎﺷا ﯽﻧﺎﻗﻮﻓ ﺲﻔﻨﺗ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ هﺪﯾد ﯽﻨﻤﯾا ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﺺﻘﻧ ياراد داﺮﻓا دﻮﺷ

) 8 - 10 .(

ﯽﯾﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﺖﯿﺗاﺮﮐ

، خر ﻢﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﯽﻨﻤﯾا ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا رد

ﯽﻣ ﺎﻨﺷ زا ﺲﭘ ﺐﻠﻏا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد بآ رد ندﺮﮐ

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﯾ هدﻮﻟآ يﺎﻫ

د ﯽﺳﺎﻤﺗ يﺎﻫﺰﻨﻟ زا ﯽﻣ دﺎﺠﯾا نﺎﺴﻧا ر

ددﺮﮔ ) 9 ، 11 .(

ﺖﯿﺋوزﻮﻓوﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻌﯿﺒﻃ رد ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ يﺎﻫ

ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻧﺰﺨﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ

يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ عاﻮﻧا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ نژﻮﺗﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﺮﯿﺜﮑﺗ ،ﻆﻔﺣ ﺐﺒﺳ و ﺪﻧا

ﯽﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﯾا لﺎﻘﺘﻧا و ﺪﻧﻮﺷ

) 1 .(

تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ

ترﻮﺻ ﻪﻄﺑار ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ يور ﺮﺑ

ﻼﯿﻓﻮﻣﻮﻨﭘ ﻼﻧﻮﯾﮋﻟ يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ

ﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻞﺧاد رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ﺐﯿﻣآ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ

ﺗ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ و هدﻮﻤﻧ ﺮﯿﺜﮑﺗ و ﺪﺷر يزدازآ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد ﺐﯿﺗﺮ

ﺮﯿﻏ و ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ

ﺪﺿ ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ نﺎﻤﺑ ظﻮﻔﺤﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ

) 8 ، 11 .(

ﺐﯿﻣآ ﺪﺷر و ﺮﯿﺜﮑﺗ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد يزدازآ يﺎﻫ

نﺎﮑﻣا ،ﺖﺸﮐ يﺎﻫ

ﮏﺗ ﻦﯾا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﯾ

ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮐ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ار ﺎﻫ )

12 .(

زا ﯽﮑﯾ

شور ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﺸﮐ،ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ لﻮﻤﻌﻣ يﺎﻫ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ و ﺎﻫ

ﺖﺴﯿﮐ يرﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮑﯿﻣ نآ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) 5 .(

شﺮﺘﺴﮔ رد ﺐﯿﻣآ ﻦﯾا ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ

ﻢﯿﺴﻧﺎﮔراوﺮﮑﯿﻣ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﯽﺑآ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ رد از

يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﺴﯾﺰﻤﻫ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﺐﯿﻣآ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ از ،ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﺗ هدﻮﻟآ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﺑ ناﻮ

، ﻣ ماﺪﻗا ﺆّﺛ فﺬﺣ ياﺮﺑ ﺮ ﺎﯾ

داد مﺎﺠﻧا نآ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻦﯾﺪﺑ و

يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ زوﺮﺑ زا ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا يﺎﻫ

ﻧآ زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ شﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺎﯾ و ﺎﻬ

ﻞﻤﺣ يﺎﻫ ﻧآ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ

ﺎﻬ

دﺮﮐ يﺮﯿﮕﺸﯿﭘ

؛ ﻣآ ﯽﻓﺮﻃ زا ،هﺪﯿﻔﻣﺎﮑﻟاو هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ يزدازآ ﺐﯿ

ﯽﻣ يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ نژﻮﺗﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﻧﺎﻣ ﺪﻨ : ،ﻼﻧﻮﯾﮋﻟ

ﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑﻮﮑﯿﻠﻫ و سﺎﻧﻮﻣودﻮﺴﭘ

، دﻮﺷ نﺎﺴﻧا ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺗاﺮﻄﺧ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ

)2 ، 10 ، 12 .(

ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺐﯿﻣآ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ

يزدازآ يﺎﻫ

بآ رد ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ و ﺖﺸﮐ شور ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﺟﺮﯿﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ ﯽﺤﻄﺳ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﮔﮋﯾو سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮑﯿﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺖﺨﯾر ﺳﺎﻨﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽ

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ .

شور ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺮﯿﮔ :

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا رد نﺎﺑآ زا ﻪﮐ ﯽﻌﻄﻘﻣ عﻮﻧ زا ﯽﻔﯿﺻﻮﺗ

ﺎﺗ هﺎﻣ

يد هﺎﻣ 1393 ﺷ رد داﺪﻌﺗ ،ﺖﻓﺮﯾﺬﭘ ترﻮﺻ ﺪﻨﺟﺮﯿﺑ ﺮﻬ 50

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

بآ زا ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺤﻄﺳ يﺎﻫ 17

كرﺎﭘ ﺮﺨﺘﺳا بآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ،ﺎﻫ

35 ،ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻦﯾدﺎﯿﻣ بآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 5

بآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و ﺎﻤﻧ

3 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

هﺎﮕﺘﺴﯾا ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﺑ ،دﻮﺑ ﻦﯾﺮﯿﺷ بآ يﺎﻫ 500

ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ

يﺮﻄﺑ ﻞﯾﺮﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ ﻊﻤﺟ

ﻞﮕﻧا هﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻪﺑ و ﺪﺷ يروآ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﺪﻨﺟﺮﯿﺑ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد .

(3)

ﺖﺸﮐ :

ﻪﺑ ﺐﯿﻣآ ﺖﺸﮐ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ يزدازآ يﺎﻫ

، رﺎﮔآ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ زا

ﺮﯿﻏ يﺬﻐﻣ ) Non Nutrient Agar, NNA (

ﮏﯾ و ﺪﺻرد ﻢﯿﻧ

ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .

ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا

، رﺎﮔآ ﻮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ردﻮﭘ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ )

Difco (

ﺮﻓﺎﺑ و Amoeba Page Saline )

4/

7 - 2/

7 (PH=

ﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ

) 13

، 14 .(

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﺸﮐ مﺎﮕﻨﻫ رد و ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ زا ﺲﭘ ،ﺎﻫ

ﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﯿﺷﺮﺷا يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ نﻮﯿﺴﻧﺎﭙﺳﻮﺳ زا يرا ﻪﺘﺸﮐ ﯽﻠﮐ

هﺪﺷ

ﺑﻪ بوﺮﮑﯿﻣ هﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ رد ﻪﮐ تراﺮﺣ ﻪﻠﯿﺳو هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ

ﻪﻓﺎﺿا ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ،دﻮﺑ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺪﻨﺟﺮﯿﺑ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ . ياﺮﺑ ﻦﮕﻤﻫ زا ﺲﭘ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺖﺸﮐ مﺎﺠﻧا يﺮﻄﺑ ندﺮﮐ

راﺪﻘﻣ ،ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﻮﺘﺤﻣ 250

ﺎﺗ 500 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﺮﺘﯿﻟ

، ﻪﭼرﺎﭘ زا

ﻒﯿﻈﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ يرﻮﺗ ﻪﭼرﺎﭘ ﺎﯾ ﻞﯾﺮﺘﺳا نﻮﺘﮑﻧﻼﭘ فﺬﺣ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ

يﺎﻫ

ﺪﺷ هداد رﻮﺒﻋ ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻣادا رد و

ا يﺬﻏﺎﮐ ﺬﻓﺎﻨﻣ ﺎﺑ يﺰﻟﻮﻠﺳوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ﻞﯾﺮﺘﺳ 45

/ 0 ﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓ نوﺮﮑﯿﻣ

؛

ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﻌﺷ رﺎﻨﮐ رد و ﻞﯾﺮﺘﺳا ﺲﻨﭘ ﻪﻠﯿﺳو

ترﻮﺻ

ﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ يور ﻪﻧوراو .

ﺖﯿﻠﭘ فاﺮﻃا ﻢﻠﯿﻓارﺎﭘ ﺎﺑ

يﺎﻣد رد ﺲﭙﺳ و دوﺪﺴﻣ 25

- 30 ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﺪﺷ ﻪﺑﻮﮑﻧا داﺮﮔ

.

ﻪﺑ ﺐﯿﻣآ ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ

، هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ زور ﺮﻫ مود زور زا

ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻤﻨﮔرﺰﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺸﮐ يﺎﻫ

و 10X 40X

دﻮﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺐﯿﻣآ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ تردﺎﺒﻣ .

ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ

زور رﺎﻬﭼ ﺖﺷﺬﮔ زا ﺲﭘ

، ﺖﯿﻠﭘ نورد ﺗ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ يﺎﻫ

يدﺎﯾز داﺪﻌ

ﯽﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺖﯿﺋوزﻮﻓوﺮﺗ و ﺖﺴﯿﮐ ددﺮﮔ

. مﺎﻤﺗ زا ﻪﻣادا رد

ﺖﯿﻠﭘ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺲﮑﻋ ﺐﯿﻣآ يوﺎﺣ يﺎﻫ .

ﺐﯿﻣآ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﯽﮔﮋﯾو يﺎﻫ ﺖﺨﯾر ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﺴﯿﮐ ﺖﯿﺋوزﻮﻓوﺮﺗ و ﺎﻫ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﻫ

ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ رﺎﯿﻌﻣ

، ﺖﯿﺋوزﻮﻓوﺮﺗ و ﺖﺴﯿﮐ لﺎﮑﺷا هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ

دﻮﺑ هﺪﯿﻔﻣﺎﮑﻟاو هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ و ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﺲﻨﺟ

؛ ﺑﻪ يرﻮﻃ ﺖﺴﯿﮐ ﻪﮐ

ﻣرﺎﺧ و ﯽﻧزﻮﺳ بذﺎﮐ يﺎﻫﺎﭘ ياراد ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﺪﻨﻧﺎ

) ﺎﯾدﻮﭘﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ (

و

ود نآ ﺖﺴﯿﮐ و فﺎﺻ ﺎﯾ هﺪﯿﮐوﺮﭼ ﺖﺴﯿﮐﻮﺘﮐا ياراد ،هراﺪﺟ

هرﺎﺘﺳ ﺖﺴﯿﮐوﺪﻧا ﻪﯾواز و ﻪﺷﻮﮔﺪﻨﭼ ،ﯽﻀﯿﺑ ،يا

ﯽﻣ راد ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ .

ﺖﺴﯿﮐ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ود يﺎﻫ

ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ زا ﺮﺘﮑﭼﻮﮐ فﺎﺻ و دﺮﮔ هراﺪﺟ ﺖﯿﺋوزﻮﻓوﺮﺗ و

ﻧا يﺎﻫ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺐﯿﻣآ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﯿﺑ ﻢﻫ يرﺎﺠﻔ

دﻮﺑ هﺪﯿﻔﻣﺎﮑﻟاو .

ﮏﯾ ﺖﺷﺬﮔ زا ﺪﻌﺑ هﺎﻣ

، هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ مﺪﻋ ترﻮﺻ رد

ﺖﺸﮐ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ،ﺐﯿﻣآ

، ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ شراﺰﮔ ﯽﻔﻨﻣ )

2 ، 12 ، 14 16- .(

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺎﻫ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ زا 50

هداد ﺖﺸﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ يور ﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ

،يﺬﻐﻣﺮﯿﻏ رﺎﮔآ 19

) 38 (%

ﺲﻨﺟ ﺐﯿﻣآ ﻪﺑ هدﻮﻟآ ،بآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ

يﺎﻫ ﺖﺨﯾر ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﺴﯿﮐ

ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هداد ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﺖﯿﺋوزﻮﻓوﺮﺗ و )

لوﺪﺟ 1 .(

ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ

بآ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ بآ و ﻦﯾدﺎﯿﻣ ﺪﮐار يﺎﻫ

دﻮﺑ ﺎﻫﺎﻤﻧ . ﻪﺑ مزﻻ

ﺖﺳا ﺮﮐذ

، ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ بآ زا هﺪﺷ

و ﺪﯿﺣﻮﺗ كرﺎﭘ يﺎﻤﻧ

ﯽﻨﯿﻤﺧ مﺎﻣا ناﺪﯿﻣ )

هر ( هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﺲﻨﺟ ﺐﯿﻣآ ، ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ

نﺎﮑﻣ ود ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ

، نﺎﮑﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا غﻮﻠﺷ و ﺪﯾدزﺎﺑﺮﭘ ﯽﺤﯾﺮﻔﺗ يﺎﻫ

ﺑ ﺪﻨﺟﺮﯿﺑ ﻪ ﯽﻣ رﺎﻤﺷ ﺪﻧور

ﺎﻣا ؛ رد 3 ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يروآ

زا هﺪﺷ

هﺎﮕﺘﺴﯾا بآ ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ

، ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﺲﻨﺟ ﺐﯿﻣآ

) ﻞﮑﺷ 1 و 2 .(

لوﺪﺟ 1 - زﻮﺗ ﯾ ﻊ ﻧاواﺮﻓ ﯽ ﻣآ ﯿ ﺐ اﺪﺟ ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﺲﻨﺟ بآ زا هﺪﺷ

ﺎﻫ ي

ﺤﻄﺳ ﯽ

ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﻦ زا 50

،هﺪﺷ هداد ﺖﺸﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 2

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ )4 (%

ﻣآ ﯿ ﺐ

زدازآ ي ﻔﻣﺎﮑﻟاو هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﯿ

هﺪ دﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯾﺪ

؛ ﺑﻪ رﻮﻃ ي ﻪﮐ ﻣآ ﯿ ﺐ

دﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ اﺪﺟ نآ زا ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﺲﻨﺟ )

لوﺪﺟ 2 .(

رد

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي ا و ﺎﻫﺎﻤﻧ بآ ﺖﺸﮐ ﯾ

هﺎﮕﺘﺴ ﺎﻫ ي ﻢﻫ بآ ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ

ﻣآ ﯿ ﺐ ﻔﻣﺎﮑﻟاو هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﯿ

هﺪ ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ )

ﻞﮑﺷ 3 .(

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﺤﻣ يﺮﯿﮔ

ﻞﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ دراﻮﻣ

Acanthamoeba spp

ﺪﺻرد

بآ ﻦﯾدﺎﯿﻣ ﺪﮐار يﺎﻫ

25 12

48

ﻪﭽﺿﻮﺣ و ﺎﻫﺮﺨﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ

كرﺎﭘ ﺎﻫ 17

5

41

/ 29

ﺎﻫﺎﻤﻧ بآ 5

2

40

3 0

0

(4)

لوﺪﺟ

2 - زﻮﺗ ﯾ ﻊ ﻧاواﺮﻓ ﯽ ﻣآ ﯿ ﺐ ﻔﻣﺎﮑﻟاو هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﯿ

هﺪ بآ زا هﺪﺷاﺪﺟ ﺎﻫ

ي

ﺤﻄﺳ ﯽ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﺤﻣ يﺮﯿﮔ

داﺪﻌﺗ ﻞﮐ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ دراﻮﻣ

Vahlkampfiidae ﺪﺻرد

بآ يﺎﻫ ﻦﯾدﺎﯿﻣ ﺪﮐار

25 1

4

ﻪﭽﺿﻮﺣ و ﺎﻫﺮﺨﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ

كرﺎﭘ ﺎﻫ 17

1

88

/ 5

بآ ﺎﻫﺎﻤﻧ 5

0

3 0

0

ﻞﮑﺷ 1 - ﮐﯿ ﺖﺴ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻌﻠﺿ ﯽ ﻨﺟ ﺤﻣ رد ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﺲ ﯿ

ﻂ رﺎﮔآ ﺖﺸﮐ

ﻏ ﯿ ﺮ ﺬﻐﻣ ي ﻨﻏ ﯽ ﺷﺮﺷا ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﯿﺎ

ﻠﮐ

ﯽ

ﻞﮑﺷ

2 - ﯽﻠﮐ ﺎﯿﺷﺮﺷا ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﯽﻨﻏ يﺬﻐﻣ ﺮﯿﻏ رﺎﮔآ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﺲﻨﺟ يﺎﻫ ﺖﯿﺋوزﻮﻓوﺮﺗ

ﻞﮑﺷ

2 - ﺖﯿﺋوزﻮﻓوﺮﺗ ﯽﻨﻏ يﺬﻐﻣﺮﯿﻏ رﺎﮔآ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﺲﻨﺟ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻠﮐ ﺎﯿﺷﺮﺷا ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ

(5)

ﺚﺤﺑ رد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯿﻟوا ياﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﺑ رﺎﺑ

ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ

ﺐﯿﻣآ بآ رد يزدازآ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﺟﺮﯿﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ ﯽﺤﻄﺳ يﺎﻫ

شور

ﯽﮔﮋﯾو سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ و ﺖﺸﮐ يﺎﻫ

ﺖﺨﯾر زا ،ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ 50

ﺮﺑ بآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﺳر

،هﺪﺷ 19 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

) 38 (%

دﻮﺟو ﺮﻈﻧ زا ؛ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻞﮕﻧا

ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ 2

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ )4 (%

هدﻮﻟآ هﺪﯿﻔﻣﺎﮑﻟاو هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻞﮕﻧا ﻪﺑ ﻢﻫ

ﺐﯿﻣآ ﻦﯾا رﻮﻀﺣ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﯽﻣ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد ﺎﻫ

ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ دﺎﺠﯾا رد ﯽﻤﻬﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ زوﺮﺑ و ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا يﺎﻫ

ﯾﺎﻫ ﯽ

ﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﺖﯿﺗاﺮﮐ نﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﯽﯾﺎﺑ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ ضﺮﻌﻣ رد داﺮﻓا رد .

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نآ رد مدﺮﻣ هﺮﻣزور ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﮐ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺎﺟ زا ﺎﻫ

ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ دﻮﺑ دﻮﻬﺸﻣ

. رﻮﻀﺣ ،ناﺮﯾا رد ﯽﻠﺒﻗ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﺪﻧﺪﻧﺎﺳر تﺎﺒﺛا ﻪﺑ رﺎﺒﻏ و دﺮﮔ و كﺎﺧ ،بآ رد ار ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﺐﯿﻣآ ) 17 .(

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ يا

ﺐﯿﻣآ يزﺎﺳاﺪﺟ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ يزدازآ يﺎﻫ

ﻣ رد ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ و ﺖﺸﮐ شور ﺎﺑ زاﺮﯿﺷ ﺮﻬﺷ بآ ﻊﺑﺎﻨ

،ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮑﯿﻣ 35

% ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ا ﺎﻫ ﺐﯿﻣآ دﻮﺟو ﺮﻈﻧ ز

دﻮﺑ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ يزدازآ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ

دراد ﯽﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ )

13 (

؛ عﻮﯿﺷ ﻪﮐ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و رﺎﺨﺘﻓا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻣا

كرﺎﭘ ﺮﺨﺘﺳا بآ رد ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ناﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻦﯾدﺎﯿﻣ و ﺎﻫ

ار 1 / 59 % شراﺰﮔ هدﺮﮐ دﻮﺑ ﺪﻧ دراد تﺮﯾﺎﻐﻣ ، )

18 .(

رﺎﺸﺘﻧا

زا ﯽﯾاﻮﻫ و بآ نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ و ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ رد ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﺐﻄﻗ ﺎﺗ اﻮﺘﺳا )

19

، 20 .(

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﻪﮐ يا

ﻪﻟﻮﻟ بآ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ،ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺎﮑﯿﺋﺎﻣﺎﺟ رد ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور بآ ،ﯽﺸﮐ

ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﻞﮕﻧا ﻪﺑ ﺎﯾرد بآ و ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ

: 1/

36

% ، 4/

26 % و

6/

49 % ﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ )

21 .(

ﻪﮐ ﯽﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﺮﻬﺷ رد

زا ،ﺖﻓﺮﯾﺬﭘ ترﻮﺻ ﻦﯾوﺰﻗ 40

بآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و ﻦﯾدﺎﯿﻣ ﺪﮐار يﺎﻫ

بآ كرﺎﭘ يﺎﻫﺎﻤﻧ ﺖﺸﮐ شور ﻪﺑ ،ﺎﻫ

80 % ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ

، ﺮﻈﻧ زا

ﺪﺷ هداد ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ يزدازآ ﺐﯿﻣآ دﻮﺟو .

ﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻦﯾا ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎ

ﺖﺷاد تﺮﯾﺎﻐﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻨﮐاﺮﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ

توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﯽﮔﺪ

ﺐﯿﻣآ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ دراد ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑ يزدازآ يﺎﻫ

) 22 .(

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد زا ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و فﻮﺷ

283 ،ﯽﮕﻧﺎﺧ بآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 80

درﻮﻣ

)3 / 28 (%

ﺐﯿﻣآ ﻪﺑ هدﻮﻟآ هوﻼﻋ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ يزدازآ يﺎﻫ

ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺎﯿﻔﻣﺎﮑﻟاو ،ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﺮﺑ )

23 .(

ﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻦﯾا ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎ

دراد ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

؛ ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﺐﯿﻣآ ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ رد ﻪﮐ اﺮﭼ

ﺖﺳا ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺎﯿﻔﻣﺎﮑﻟاو ﺐﯿﻣآ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و هﺪﺷ هداد .

رد

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نﻮﯿﺳاﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓ زا ﺲﭘ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﺘﯿﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ،بآ يﺎﻫ

ﺑ ار ﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓ ﺬﻏﺎﮐ ﻪ

هداد راﺮﻗ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ يور ﺮﺑ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ رﻮﻃ

ﻦﯾا زا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ

دراد ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ )

17 .(

دﻮﺟو

ﻦﯾا بآ رد ﺐﯿﻣآ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺪﻨﺟﺮﯿﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻦﯾدﺎﯿﻣ ﺪﮐار يﺎﻫ

: ناﺪﯿﻣ

ياﺮﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ يدورو ﻦﯾدﺎﯿﻣ ءﺰﺟ ﻪﮐ يدازآ ناﺪﯿﻣ و ﯽﻧﺎﻘﻟﺎﻃ ﯽﻣ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺑﺎﻋ و ﻦﯾﺮﻓﺎﺴﻣ دراد دﻮﺟو نﺎﮑﻣا ﻦﯾا و دﻮﺷ

ﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد درﻮﺧﺮﺑ بآ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻪ

رﺎﻤﺷ ﯽﻣ دور

؛

ﯽﺧﺮﺑ رد ﺐﯿﻣآ ﻦﯾا دﻮﺟو ﯽﻓﺮﻃ زا زا

بآ ﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫﺎﻤﻧ رد دﻮ

ﯽﻨﯿﻤﺧ مﺎﻣا ناﺪﯿﻣ و ﺪﯿﺣﻮﺗ كرﺎﭘ يﺎﻤﻧ بآ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺮﻬﺷ )

هر ( ﻪﮐ

ﻞﺤﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﺰﺋﺎﺣ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺪﯾدزﺎﺑ ﺮﭘ يﺎﻫ .

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا رد

،

ﻪﭽﺿﻮﺣ زا يزدازآ ﺐﯿﻣآ ﺮﺨﺘﺳا و ﺎﻫ

كرﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ ﺪﺷ اﺪﺟ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺎﻫ

ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺤﯾﺮﻔﺗ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ

بآ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ نﺎﮐدﻮﮐ و هدﻮﻟآ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا ،ﺐﯿﻣآ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻪﻬﺟاﻮﻣ ياﺮﺑ يﺪﯾﺪﻬﺗ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﯽﺘﻣﻼﺳ ﻦﯿﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﻪﮐ

دراد ﯽﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ ﺮﮕﯾد )

24 .(

ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ يﺮﯿﮔ

ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ،

زا ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺪﺻرد

بآ زا و دﻮﺑ هدﻮﻟآ ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﻞﮕﻧا ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﺟﺮﯿﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ ﯽﺤﻄﺳ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﻞﮕﻧا ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﺠﻧآ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

يﺎﻫ ،ﺪﻨﮐ دﺎﺠﯾا ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا

يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﻪﺑ نﺎﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺑ نآ زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ

ﻪ هوﺮﮔ رد هﮋﯾو يﺎﻫ

ﺖﺳد ﻪﺟﻮﺗ و ﻻﺎﺑ ﺮﻄﺧ ضﺮﻌﻣ رد ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﯽﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ نارﺎﮐرﺪﻧا

بآ ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻦﯾا لﺎﻘﺘﻧا رد ﯽﺤﻄﺳ ﺪﮐار يﺎﻫ

نﺎﮑﻣ ﻦﯾا رد ﺮﻄﺧ ﻢﯾﻼﻋ ﺐﺼﻧ و ﯽﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ يروﺮﺿ ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﺪﺳر . ﺷ و ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﺎﺑﻮﻣﺎﺘﻧﺎﮐآ ﭗﯾﺎﺗﻮﻧژ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨ

(6)

بآ ﻦﯾا ﯽﻣ ﻪﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻦﯾا نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ

ﺖﺳا مﺎﺠﻧا لﺎﺣ رد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .

ﺮﮑﺸﺗ و ﺮﯾﺪﻘﺗ

اﯾ ﻦ ﺘﻤﺴﻗ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯽ

ﻘﺤﺗ حﺮﻃ زا ﯿ

ﺗﺎﻘ ﯽ بﻮﺼﻣ

هرﺎﻤﺷ 1018 ﻘﺤﺗ ﺖﻧوﺎﻌﻣ ﯿ

تﺎﻘ روﺎﻨﻓ و ي مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد

ﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺪﻨﺟﺮ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .

ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ :

1-Visvesvara GS, Moura H, Schuster FL. Pathogenic and opportunistic free-living amoebae: Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthiamandrillaris, Naegleriafowleri, and Sappiniadiploidea. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2007; 50(1): 1-26.

2-Badirzadeh A, Niyyati M, Babaei Z, Amini H, Badirzadeh H, Rezaeian M. Isolation of Free-Living Amoebae from Sarein hot Springs in Ardebil province, Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2011; 6(2): 1-8.

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Abstract Original Article

Microscopic isolation and characterization of free living amoebae (FLA) from surface water sources.in Birjand, the

capital city of the South Khorasan

Mahmoodreza Behravan¹, Mohammad Malekaneh², Behzad Mesbahzadeh³, Golamreza Sharifzadeh⁴, Sharifzadeh⁴, Mohammad Hasan Namaei⁵, Hamed Behniafar⁶, Zohreh Lasjerdi⁷

Background and Aim: Free living amoebae (FLA) are amphizoic protozoa that are widely found in various environmental sources. They are known to cause serious infections in human and animal nervous systems. . The aim of the current study was to determine the presence of Acanthamoeba spp in surface water sources in Birjand city employing microscopic culture analysis based on morphology features of the amoebae.

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 50 samples of surface water sources in Birjand city.

including . parks pools, public squares, waterfronts, and water stations were collected and .transferred to the laboratory and were passed through nitrocellulose filter paper. The remained elements in the filters were cultured on non-nutrient agar (NNA) with 100? l Escherichia coli suspension. After a few weeks of using morphological features,the amoeba grown were identified.

Results: Out of the total of 50 samples cultured on non-nutrient agar (NNA), 19 (38%) samples.were morphologically polluted with Acanthamoeba spp,. In 2 samples (4%) a colony of Vahlkampfiidae were observed.

Conclusion: The results indicated that a significant percentage of surface water sources in Birjand city was contaminated with Acanthamoeba spp. It is necessary for physicians, therefore, to take into account the diseases caused by these infectious agents. Besides, local regional health professionals should take into consideration the potential role of surface stagnant water sources in transferring these infectious agents.

Placing warning signs in areas contaminated with these infectious agents seems a useful measure.

Key Words: Free living amoebae; Surface water; Morphology; Birjand

Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. 2015; 22 (2): 161-168.

Received: July 2, 2014 Accepted: July 6, 2015

1Instructor, Genomic Research Center, School of Paramedicine, Birjand University of Medical Science, Birjand, Iran;

2Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Birjand University of Medical Science, Birjand, Iran;

3Assistant Professor, Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Research Centre and Department of Physiology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.

4Assistant professor, member of The Research Center of Effective Social Factors on Health, faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

5Associate Professor, Hepatitis Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran;

6PhD Student, Department Parasitology and Mycology, faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Tehran, Iran;