سنجش قدرت بازاری صنایع کارخانه‌ای ایران

ﻱﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺭﺎﻛ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ

ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺍ

ﺵﺎﺗ ﻲﻜﻴﻬﺷ ﻲﺒﻧﺪﻤﺤﻣ

١

ﻥﺎﺘﺴﭼﻮﻠﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ،

Mohammad_tash@eco.usb.ac.ir

ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :

23 / 7 / 1390 ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :

3 / 2 / 92

ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ

ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱ

ﺪـﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎـﻌﻓ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﻧﺮﻟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ،ﺮﺟﺍﺭ

ﻲﻤﻗﺭ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ

ISIC

ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻱ

1374 ﺎﺗ 1386 ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ .

ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ 38

ﺯﺍ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ 131

ﻦﻴﺑ ﺮﻧﺮﻟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ،ﺖﻌﻨﺻ 8

ﺎـﺗ ﻡﺪﺻ 16 ﻡﺪـﺻ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ . ﻢﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻧﺮﻟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ

50 ﻊﻳﺎﻨـﺻ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﺘﺴﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪـﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻭ ﺖـﻤﻴﻗ ﻦﻴـﺑ ﻲﻬﺟﻮـﺗ ﻞـﺑﺎﻗ ﻑﺎﻜﺷ ﻱ

ﺎﻬﻧ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻲﻳ ﻛ ﺪﻨ . ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻝﺍﺪـﻨﻴﻓﺮﻫ ﺰـﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻧﺮﻟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻱ -

ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﻭ ﻦﻤـﺷﺮﻴﻫ

ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ

(CR )₄

ﻲﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﺶﻴﺑ

ﺮﺗ ﻪـﻛ ﻲﻌﻳﺎﻨـﺻ

ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺮﻧﺮﻟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﺕﺪﺷ ،ﺪﻧﺍ

، ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺍ ﺭ 20 ﺖﻌﻨﺻ

ﺯﺍ 29 ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺮﻧﺮﻟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﺕﺪﺷ ،ﺪﻧﺍ

، ﻩﺎـﮕﻨﺑ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻭ ﻻﺎﺑ

(CR )₄

ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ 40 ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ .

ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ :

JEL

،

F1

ﻭ

L1 L6

ﻩژﺍﻭ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ : ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ،ﺮﻧﺮﻟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﺟﺍﺭ ،ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ،ﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ،ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻱ

1 - ﻥﺎﺘﺴﭼﻮﻠﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ،

09128166922

1 - ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻲـﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ،ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪـﺑ ﻲﻫﺎـﮕﻧ ﺎـﺑ

ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ

ﻝﺪﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ ﺕﺭﺪـﻗ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺘﻣ ﻱ

ﻩﺪﺷ ﺍ ﺪﻧ . ﺯﺍ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳ ﻑﻮﻟﺮﭘ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ

١

ﻦﺷ ﻭ

، ﻦﻳﺮـﮔ ﻭ ﻲﻣﺎـﺗ ﻝﺪﻣ ،

٢

ﻮﺌﻟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﺳﺮﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺍ

٣

،ﺎﺘﺴﻳ ﻡﺍﺯﺍ ﻝﺪﻣ ،ﺎﻳﻮﭘ ﻮﺌﻟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﺳﺮﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻡﺎـﺒﻠﭘﺁ ،

٤

ﺎـﻧﺎﻓﻮﻓ ﻝﺪـﻣ ،

٥

ﻝﺪـﻣ ،

٦

ﺎﺗﺍﻮﻳﺍ ﻝﺪﻣ ،

٧

٨

ﻝﺎﻫ ﺮﺟﺍﺭ ﻝﺪﻣ ، ﺱﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺭﺰﻨﭘ ﻝﺪﻣ ،

٩

،

١٠

ﻥﻮﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻟﺎﻛ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻥﻮـﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻭ

١١

١٢

ﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ .

ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻝﺪـﻣ ،ﻡﺍﺯﺍ ﻝﺪـﻣ ،ﻡﺎـﺒﻠﭘﺁ ﻝﺪـﻣ ،ﻮﺌﻟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﺳﺮﺑ ،ﻑﻮﻟﺮﭘ ﻝﺪﻣ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﺎﺗﺍﻮﻳﺍ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻧﺎﻓﻮﻓ .

ﺩ ﻁﺮـﺷ ﻭ ﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺕﻻﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭ

ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺳ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﻢﻫ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ

ﻲـﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ ﺕﺭﺪـﻗ ﺶﺠﻨـﺳ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺩﻮـﺷ

. ﺭﺩ

ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺡﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ

ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎـﺳ ﺩﺮـﻜﻳﻭﺭ ،

ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺡﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻝﺪﻣ

ﺎـﻫ ﻡﺮـﻓ ﻱ ﻲـﻣ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻪـﺻﻼﺧ ﺪـﻨﻳﻮﮔ

ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻧﺮﻟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ .

ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ

ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ،ﺺﻗﺎـﻧ ﺖـﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻲﻣ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ پﺁ ﻙﺭﺎﻣ ﻭ ﺮﻧﺮﻟ ﺩﻮـﺷ

. ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ﺕﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴـﺴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮـﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻦـﻳﺍ

ﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﺮﻧﺮﻟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴ .

ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺷ ﺪـﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺩﺮـﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ

ﻲﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺭﺰﻨﭘ ﻭ ﺱﻭﺭ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺩﻮﺷ .

ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺶﺸﻛ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ،ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ

ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ

١٣

ﺩﻮﺷ . ﺕﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ

ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺻ

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺻﻼﺧ ﺕﺭﻮ )

1 ( ﺁ ﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪ .

1- Perloff and Shen.

2- Twomeyand Green.

3- Bresnahan.

4- Azzam.

5- Appelbaum.

6- Phophana.

7- Iwata.

8- Hall.

9- Roeger.

10- Panzer and rosse.

11- Colling and Presston.

12- Boon.

13 - ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺑ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺍi

ﻪـﺑ ،ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺩﻮـﺧ ﺩﻮﺳ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﻪـﻧﻮﮔ

ﺪـﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﻪـﻛ ﻱﺍ

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻱ

' '

i i i i i i

R (q , n, z ) C (q , w, t )- =0

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . iﻪﻛ ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ q ،ﻡﺍi

ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗn iﻭ ﺎﻫ

w

ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﺍi zi

ﻥﻭﺮـﺑ ﻱﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮـﺑ ﻭ ﺪـﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﻊﺑﺎـﺗ ﻪـﻛ ﺍﺯ

ti

ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮـﺑ

ﻪــﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻊﺑﺎــﺗ ﻪــﻛ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻲــﻳﺍﺯ ﻥﻭﺮــﺑ ﻱﺎــﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻩﺎــﮕﻨﺑ ﻱ

ــﻨﻛ ﻲــﻣ ﻞــﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻡﺍi ﺪ

. ﻝﺩﺎــﻌﺗ ﻁﺮــﺷ ﺲﭙــﺳ

* * * * * *

i i

R (Q , n , Z )-C (Q , w, t)=0

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺮﺑ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ .

ﻩﺭﺎﺘـﺳ ﺩﺎـﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﻛ (*)

ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻟﺩﺎﻌﺗ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ .

ﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪ

ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ

m *

i ki

ki *i k 1

R W

H W R

=

æ¶ öæ ö

ç ÷ç ÷

=

å

çè¶ ÷øçè ÷ø

ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺪﻳﺁ .

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ 1 - ﻱﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ

ﺕﺎﺤﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﺎﻳ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ

ﻱﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ

ﺎﻫ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﻱ ﻭ

CR4

HHI

ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘﺮﻴﻏ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻩﮋﻳ ﻭ ﻪﺑ ) ﻲﺼﺧﺎﺷ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ

ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ( ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﻱ

CR4

ﻭ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ

HHI

ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻊﺑﺍﻮﺗ

ﺎﻣﺎﮔ ﻭ ﻮﺗﺭﺎﭘ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻧ

ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘ ﺵﻭﺭ

ﺑﺎﺗ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻭ گﻮﻠﺴﻧﺍﺮﺗ ﻊ

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻱ

ﻲﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺮﻧﺮﻟ ﺩﻮﺷ

.

ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ

^PCM1

ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ

1 - ﺵﻭﺭ

ﻝﺎﻫ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺻﻼﺧ ﻡﺮﻓ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ

PCM

2

- ﺵﻭﺭ ﺮﺟﺍﺭ

1 - ﺵﻭﺭ

ﻮﺌﻟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﺳﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻢﻫ ﺕﻻﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻭ ﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ

ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ )

ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ

ﻲﺳﺪﺣ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ 2 (

- ﺵﻭﺭ ﻡﺎﺒﻠﭘﺁ

3 - ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻧﺎﻓﻮﻓ

4 - ﺎﺗﺍﻮﻳﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ

1 - ﻭﺭ

ﻥﻮﺑ ﺵ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﻮﺳ ﺶﺸﻛ ﺵﻭﺭ

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻱ

ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ

1 - ﺵﻭﺭ

ﺱﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺭﺰﻨﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺶﺸﻛ ﺵﻭﺭ

ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﺎﻫ

ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ

1 - ﺵﻭﺭ

ﻦﺴﻧﻮﻴﻟ ﻲﻠﻴﺴﻧﺍﺮﻔﻳﺩ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ 2

-

ﻥﻮﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻟﺎﻛ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻭ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻑﺎﻜﺷ ﻱ

ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ

ﻊﺒﻨﻣ : ﻱﺭﺎﺟ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ

ﺳ ﻥﻮﻨﻛﺍ ﺌ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻡﺍﺪﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻝﺍﻮ ﺖـﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﺕﺪﺷ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ

ﺭﺩ 131 ﻲﻤﻗﺭ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺪﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺩﺮـﻛ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ

ISIC

. ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﺦـﺳﺎﭘ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ

ﻝﺍﻮﺌﺳ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ )

2 ( ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﺍ

.

1- Price- Cost Margin (PCM).

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ 2 - ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻱ ﻱﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﻻﺩﺎﻌﻣ

ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ

ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ

ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﻱﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻝﺪﻣ

ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻭﺩ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﻱ

) ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﻱ ﻱ

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻱ

گﻮﻠﺴﻧﺮﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ (

ﺖﺳﺍ .

ﻭ ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ

ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺳ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﻚﻳ

ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﺳﺮﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻮﺌﻟ ﻭ ﺎﺘﺴﻳﺍ

ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻭﺩ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﻱ

) ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻪﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻳﻮﭘ ﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﻱ ﻱ

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺎﻳﻮﭘ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻱ (

ﺖﺳﺍ .

ﻭ ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ

ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺳ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﻚﻳ

ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻥﺎﻨﺳﺮﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺎﻳﻮﭘ ﻮﺌﻟ ﻭ

1 - ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﮕﻤﻫ ﻱﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ

ﺖﻌﻨﺻ 2 - ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﻒﻴﺘﻧﻮﺌﻟ ﻱ

ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ

3 - ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻖﺘﺸﻣ ﻱﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ

ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻄﺳﺍﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻪ ﻱﺍ

ﻭ ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ

ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺳ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﻚﻳ

ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻡﺎﺒﻠﭘﺁ ﻝﺪﻣ

1 - ﻱﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﻲﻤﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻝﺪﻣ

AIDS١

ﻭ 2 - ﺕﻻﺩﺎﻌﻣ

ﻮﺌﻟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﺳﺮﺑ ﻲﮕﻨﻴﻬﺑ

ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ

٢

ﻱ

PIGLOG

ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ

ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺳ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﺪﻨﭼ

ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺎﻧﺎﻓﻮﻓ ﻝﺪﻣ

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻭ ﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺎﺑ ﻱ

ﺩﺮﻛ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ .

ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺳ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﻚﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ

ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺎﺗﺍﻮﻳﺍ ﻝﺪﻣ

ﺩﻮﺷ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﻝﺎﻫ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺎﺑ

. ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻮﻟﻮﺳ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ

ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺺﻗﺎﻧ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ .

ﻡﺮﻓ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺻﻼﺧ

ﻝﺎﻫ ﻝﺪﻣ

ﺩﻮﺷ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺮﺟﺍﺭ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺎﺑ

. ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻮﻟﻮﺳ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ

ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺺﻗﺎﻧ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ .

ﻡﺮﻓ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺻﻼﺧ

ﺮﺟﺍﺭ ﻝﺪﻣ

ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺺﻟﺎﺧﺎﻧ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﻛ ﺮﻫ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺩﻮﺷ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺎﺑ .

ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﻡﺮﻓ ﻱﺍ ﻪ ﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻱﺎﺘﺴﻳﺍ ﻱ ﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺻﻼﺧ

ﺖﺳﺍ .

ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺯﺍﺮﻨﭘ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺱﺍﺭ

1- Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS).

2- Price Independent Generalized Logarithm (PIGLOG).

ﺕﻻﺩﺎﻌﻣ

ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ

ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ

ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﻱﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻝﺪﻣ

ﻦﺴﻧﻮﻴﻟ ﻲﻠﻴﺴﻧﺍﺮﻔﻳﺩ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺎﺑ .

ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﻮﺳ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺎﺘﺳ ﺎﻫ

ﺮﻴﻏ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ

ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﺴﻧﻮﻴﻟ ﻥﻮﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻟﺎﻛ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ

ﺩﻮﺷ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ .

ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ

CR4 k

ﻭ

P K

pq

ﻭ

P AVC

P -

ﺮﻴﻏ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ

ﻦﻴﻟﺎﻛ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻥﻮﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻭ

ﺩﻮﺷ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﻥﻮﺑ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ

. ﻭ ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ

ﺖﻌﻨﺻ

ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﻮﺳ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ

ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻥﻮﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ

ﻊﺒﻨﻣ : ﻱﺭﺎﺟ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ

ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺭﺩ ﺝﺭﺪـﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﻭﺪـﺟ

) 2 ( ﻲـﻣ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺍﻮـﺗ

ﻲﻤﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺎﺗﺍﻮﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻧﺎﻓﻮﻓ ،ﻡﺎﺒﻠﭘﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ،ﻮﺌﻟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﺳﺮﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﻮـﺗ

ﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ

، ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮـﺒﻧ ﺱﺮﺘـﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻌﻨـﺻ ﻱﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ

ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ

ﻲﻤﻧ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﺩﻮـﺷ

. ﻢـﻫ ﻦﻴـﻨﭼ ﻭ ﺯﺍﺮـﻨﭘ ﻝﺪـﻣ

ﻭ ﺱﺍﺭ ﻢﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮـﺑ ﻩﺎـﮕﻨﺑ ﺱﺎـﻴﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ ﺕﺭﺪـﻗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﺴﻧﻮﻴﻟ ﻝﺪﻣ

ﻥﺁ ﺎﺟ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻪﻛ ﻱ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻱ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺪﻛ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻤﻗﺭ

ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ،ﺖـﺳﺍ

ISIC

ﻲﻤﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺖﺴﺟ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ .

ﻚـﻳ ﺰـﻴﻧ ﻥﻮﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻟﺎﻛ ﻝﺪﻣ

ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ،ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻖﺒﻃ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻝﺪﻣ )

(

SCP

ﻲﻣ

١

ﻩﺪـﻤﻋ ﺕﺍﺩﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻱﺍ

ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻱ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻢﻬﻣ

ﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻼـﻤﻋ ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻦﻳ

ﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ

ﻱ CR

4 P AVC

ﻭ

P

ﻲﻣ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ

-

ﻱﺎـﻨﺒﻣ ﺪـﻗﺎﻓ ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ .

ﻲﻤﻧ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻥﻮﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ

. ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺽﺮـﻓ ﺶﻴـﭘ ﻥﻮﭼ

ﻲﻣ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ،ﻝﺪﻣ ﺮﺗﻻﺎـﺑ ﻱﺭﻭﺁﺩﻮـﺳ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ

ﻩﺎـﮕﻨﺑ ﺎـﻫ

ﺪﺷ ﻢﻛﺎﺣ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻄﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩ

ﻲﻣ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﻮﺷ

. ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺎﺟ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻲﺿﺮﻓ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺪﻳﺆﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

، ﻦـﻳﺍ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﻴﺤﺟﺭﺍ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﻝﺪﻣ .

ﻝﺎﻫ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ -

ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮـﺟﺍﺭ ﻝﺪـﻣ ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ .

ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻲﻬﺟﻮـﺗ ﻞـﺑﺎﻗ ﻱﺎـﻳﺍﺰﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﺪـﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ :

1 - ﺺﻗﺎـﻧ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ

1- Structure- Conduct-Performance (SCP).

ﻲﻣ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﻮﺷ

. 2 - ﻲﻣ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ

P MC

ﻥﺍﻮﺗ

P

-

ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﺩﺮﻛ

پﺁ ﻙﺭﺎﻣ ﻭ

ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ .

3 - ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ

ﺎﻫ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ

ﺑ ﻭ ﻪ ﻲﺑﻮﺧ

ﻲﻣ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ .

4 - ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﻮﻗ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ .

ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺗﺎﺤﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺭ ﻱ

ﻩﻮﺤﻧ ﻱ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻱ ﺩﺮـﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺮـﻧﺮﻟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ

ﻝﺎﻫ - ﻲﻣ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﺮﺟﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺮﻧﺮﻟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ

ﺺﺧﺎﺷ

ﺭﺩ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ

ﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻱ ﺩﻮﺷ

.

2 - ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﻚﻳ ﺪﻴﻨﻛ ﺽﺮﻓ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ

Y=F(X , X ,..., X , K)E1 2 n

ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻞﻴﺴﻧﺍﺮﻔﻳﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﮔ

ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻤﺘﻳﺭﺎﮕﻟ ﻱ :

) 1 ( E

dE F dK K

Y F dX X

Y Y

dY

E dE F dK K

F F dX X

F Y

dY

i i i

i i

i i i

i i

¶ + + ¶

¶

= ¶

¶ + + ¶

¶

= ¶

å å

. .

. .

ﺎﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﺮﮔﺍ ﺖـﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎـﺳ ﺎـﺑ ﻝﻮـﺼﺤﻣ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ

ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﺺﻗﺎﻧ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ

P ¹ MC ،ﺩﻮـﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺨﻧ

ﻪـﺑ ﺕﺭﺎـﺒﻋ ﺮـﮕﻳﺩ

P= mMC

ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻂﻳﺍﺮـﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ

i

i i

Y Y P

W .MC .

X X

¶ ¶

= =

¶ ¶ m

Y Y P

ﻭ

r .MC .

K K

¶ ¶

= =

¶ ¶ m

ﺪـﻫﺍﻮﺧ

،ﺩﻮﺑ i ﻪﻛ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ W

i ﻱﺎﻫ ﻭ X ﻲﻣ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ r

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪـﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻱ

) 1 ( ﻭ

ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﻮﺧ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﻛﺫ ﺕﺎﻜﻧ :

i i i i i i

i i i i

i

i K

i i

W X dX W X dX

dY rK dK dE rK dK dE

. . . .

YP YP

Y X K E Y.MC X Y.MC K E

dY dX dK dE

. .

Y X K E

= + + = + +

m m

= a + a +

å å

å

ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ،ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﻱ

i i

i

W X

a =

Y.MC

K

ﻭ

rK

a =

Y.MC ﻪـﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻢﻬـﺳ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ

ﻩﺩﺎـﻬﻧ ﻱ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﻫ

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻱ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ .

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﮔﺍ

i

، ﻭ a a

K

ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻱ

ﻢﻬﺳ

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻱ ﻲـﻣ ﺵﻭﺮـﻓ ﻪـﺑ ﺎـﻫ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

، ﻞـﻣﺎﻛ ﺖـﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺮـﻳﺯ P = MC

ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮـﺑ

i i

i

W X

a =

PY

K

ﻭ

rK

a =

PY

ﻲﻣ

ﻮﺷ

ﺩ

.

ﺎﻣﺍ

ﻥﻮﭼ

ﺽﺮﻓ

ﺮـﺑ

ﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎـﺳ ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ

ﺖــــﺳﺍ ﺺﻗﺎــــﻧ ﺖــــﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻝﻮــــﺼﺤﻣ

، ﻲــــﻣ ﻥﺍﻮــــﺗ

i i i i

P W X MC . PY

a = = q m

ﻭ

i K

P rK MC PY .

a = = q m

ﺍﺭ ﺖﺷﻮﻧ . ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮔﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ i i

a = q ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

،

m =1

ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ

ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ .

i i ﺮﮔﺍ a ¹ q ﻥﺁ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻩﺎﮔ

m ¹1

ﺖـﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﺺﻗﺎﻧ .

ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎـﺳ ﺽﺮـﻓ ﺎـﺑ ﻭ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻲﻠﻴﺴﻧﺍﺮﻔﻳﺩ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﻱﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺖـﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ

ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ،ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻱ

) 2 ( ﻪﻛ ﺍﺭ ﺡﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻮﻟﻮﺳ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ

) (

SR

ﻲـﻣ ﻪـﺘﻔﮔ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮـﺷ

ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺮﻛ

: ) 2 ( ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ :

) 3 (

ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻱ ) 3 ( 1 ، æ 1 ö b = ç è - m ÷ ø ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ

ﻲﻣ ﺮﻧﺮﻟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ

b

ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ . ﻝﺪـﻣ ) 3 (

، ﻪـﻛ

ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻭﺮـﺑﻭﺭ ﻲﻳﺍﺯ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻞﻜﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻝﺎﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ .

ﺮـﺟﺍﺭ ) 1995 ( ، ﺎـﺑ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ

ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﺩﺍﺰﻤﻫ ﻱ

ﺍﺭ ﻞﻜـﺸﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﻮﻟﻮﺳ ﺪﻧﺎﻤﺴﭘ

١

ﻑﺮـﻃﺮﺑ ﺩﺮـﻛ ﻩ

ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻪـﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻊﺑﺎـﺗ ،ﺮﺟﺍﺭ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻊﺑﺎـﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﺮﻇﺎـﻨﺘﻣ ﻱ

1 2 n

Y=F(X , X ,..., X , K)E

ﺍﺭ

ﻪﺑ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻲﻣ

ﺪﻨﻛ :

) 4 (

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻦﻴﻓﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻤﺘﻳﺭﺎﮕﻟ ﻞﻴﺴﻧﺍﺮﻔﻳﺩ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻱ

ﻱ ) 4 ( ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻢﻟ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ

ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺕﻼﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺎﻔﺷ ﺪﺷ

ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﻮﺧ ،ﻩ :

i K k

i i

i i i K K

dW dW dP 1 dW dP 1 dE

DSR (1 ) 1

W W P W P E

æ ö æ ö æ öæ ö

=

å

q çè ÷ø+ -

å

q çè ÷ø- = -çè m÷øçè - ÷ø+m

1- Dual.

K dK X

dX Y

dY E SR dE

i i i

i i

i

å

å ^{= -}

-

=

= q . ( 1 q )

E dE K

dK Y dY K

dK X

dX Y

dY

SR

i i

i i

i

1 1 .

1 )

1

( q m m

q ÷ +

ø ç ö

è

æ -

÷÷ ø çç ö è æ -

= -

-

- å å

4 4 4 4 4

4 3

4 4 4 4 4

4 2

1

E W W W G Y

E Y W W W MC C

E

Y W W W E G

Y W W W C

K K

K K

) ,..., , ( ) , , ,..., , (

) ,..., , ) (

, , ,..., , (

2 1 2

1

2 1 2

1

¶ =

=¶

=

ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ

،ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﻱ 1 1

b m

æ ö

= ç - ÷

è ø

ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ

b

ﻲـﻣ ﺮـﻧﺮﻟ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ

. ﻢـﻛ ﺎـﺑ

ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﻱ

) 3 ( ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻢﻳﺭﺍﺩ ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﻱ :

÷÷ ø ö çç

è

æ ÷÷+ -

ø ö çç

è

æ -

-

÷-

÷ ø ö çç

è

æ ÷÷ø+ -

çç ö è

æ -

=

÷÷

÷÷ ø ö çç

çç è æ

÷-

÷ ø ö çç è - æ

÷+

÷ ø ö çç è - æ

÷÷

÷÷ ø ö çç

çç è æ

- -

-

å å å å

E dE Wk

dWk P dP E

dE K

dK Y dY

P dP Wk dWk i

i i W dWi i K i dK i i i X dXi i Y i dY

) 1 ( )

1 (

) 1

( )

1 (

b b

b b

q q

q q

ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ

ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﻱ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺮﺟﺍﺭ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ

ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ dE

ﻑﺬـﺣ E

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ :

) 5 (

i i K K

i i

i i K K

i

dX dW dW dW

dY dP dK dY dP dK

(1 )

Y P X W K W Y P K W

æ ö

æ ö æ ö æ ö æ ö

+ -

å

qçè + ÷ø- -

å

q çè + ÷ø= bççèçè + ÷ø-çè + ÷ø÷÷ø

ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺮﺟﺍﺭ ﻱ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ

پﺁ ﻙﺭﺎﻣ

a

) ( m ﺩﺮـﻛ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ

، ﺮـﮔﺍ ﻲـﻨﻌﻳ m

a

ﺍﺭ

ﻪﺑ ﻢﻳﺭﺍﺩ ﻢﻴﻨﻛ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ :

١

) 6 (

AC ﻪﻛ

l =

MC ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻥﻮـﭼ P

m =

MC ،ﺖـﺳﺍ

ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻱ ) 6 ( ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻱ

) 7 ( ﺩﺮﻛ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ :

) 7 (

( )

a

i i

i i

PY PY W X rK

W X rK

m m

m = = Þ = +

l å + l å

ﺯﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻞﻴﺴﻧﺍﺮﻔﻳﺩ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ پﺁ ﻙﺭﺎﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺽﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻱ ) 7 ( ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ، ﻱ ) 7 ( ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﺖﺷﻮﻧ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ :

i i K

i i

i i i K

dX dW dW

dP dY dK

(1 )

P Y X W K W

ì mæ ö mæ öü

ï ï

+ =íïî

å

q lçè + ÷ø+ -

å

q lçè + ÷øýïþ

ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﻨﻛﺍ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﻱ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻱ

ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺮﺟﺍﺭ :

1 - ﺍﺮﻳﺯ

a P P / MC

AC AC / MC

m = = =m

ﻲﻣ l

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .

l

m = m

= +

= å

Y rK X W

P AC

P

i i a

i i K

i i

i i K

i i

dX dW dW

dY dP dK

( )

Y P X W K W

æ ö æ ö

+ - q ç + ÷- - q ç + ÷

è ø è ø

å

¹

å

( )

^K

K

dY dP dK dW

Y P K W

ææ ö æ öö

= él b - + ùë ûççèçè + ÷ø è+ç + ÷ø÷÷ø 1 1

3 - ﻲﺠﻨﺳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﻪـﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻭ ﺖـﻤﻴﻗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻑﺎﻜﺷ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺪـﺷ ﻲﺑﺎـﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎـﻬﻧ ﻱ

ﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ

، ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻱ

ﻪﺑ ﺮﺟﺍﺭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ :

( )

i i K

i i

i i K

i i

K K

dX dW dW

dY dP dK

( )

Y P X W K W

dY dP dK dW

Y P K W

æ ö æ ö

+ - q ç + ÷- - q ç + ÷

è ø è ø

ææ ö æ öö

= él b - + ùë û ççèçè + ÷ø è+ç + ÷ø÷÷ø

å

¹

å

1 1

ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺭﺎـﻛ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

X

) (

l

ﻩﺩﺎـﻬﻧ ﻭ ﻪﻄـﺳﺍﻭ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﻱﺍ

) (

m

ﻭ

ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﺩﺰﻤﺘﺳﺩ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

w

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

. ﻢﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮـﺳ ﺖـﻤﻴﻗ

ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ

r

.

[ ]

m k

X l, m

W , p

W r

=

é ù

= wêë úû

=

ﺯﺍ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ

ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻱ 131

ﺯﺍ ﺖﻌﻨـﺻ 140

ﺭﺎـﻬﭼ ﺪـﻛ ﺖﻌﻨـﺻ

ﻲﻤﻗﺭ ﻲﻃ ﺭﺩ

ISIC

ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻱ 1374 ﺎﺗ 1386 ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ

١

. ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺶﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪـﻛ

ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﻡﺍﺪﻛ ﻝﺪﻣ

ﺎﻫ ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻞﻧﺎﭘ ﺎﻳ ﮓﻨﻴﻟﻮﭘ ﻱ ،ﻝﺪـﻣ ﻦﻴـﻤﺨﺗ ﻭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋـﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﻤﻴﻟ

F

ﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪ . ﺐـﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺪـﻳﺆﻣ ﺮـﻤﻴﻟ ﻥﻮـﻣﺯﺁ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ

ﻲﻣ ﻞﻧﺎﭘ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

. ﻢﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻲﻓﺩﺎـﺼﺗ ﺕﺍﺮـﺛﺍ ﻲﻳﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻦﻤـﺳﺎﻫ ﻥﻮـﻣﺯﺁ ﺯﺍ

) (

RE

ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ

٢

) (

FE

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ

٣

. ﻪـﺑ ﻝﺎـﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺪـﻣﺁ ﺖـﺳﺩ

ﻦﻤﺳﺎﻫ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،

ﻲﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻢﻴﺑﺎﻳ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ

) (

FE

ﻝﺪـﻣ ﻦﻴـﻤﺨﺗ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ

1 - ﺎﻳ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻪﻧ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻲﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ

ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﺯﺎﺠﻣ ﻱ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻜﻧ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ .

2- Random Effect (RE) 3- Fixed Effect (FE)

ﻛ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺮ

. ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺭ )

3 ( پﺁ ﻙﺭﺎـﻣ ﻭ ﺮـﻧﺮﻟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ،ﺮﺟﺍﺭ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ

ﻲﻤﻗﺭ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺪﻛ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ

ISIC

ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻱ ﺖـﺑﺎﺛ ﺕﺍﺮـﺛﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻞﻧﺎﭘ ﻝﺪﻣ )

(

FE

ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮـﺑ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ .

ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ،ﻝﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﻊﻳﺎﻨـﺻ ﻲﻣﺎـﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ

P > MC

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ .

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻙﺪﻧﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ .

ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ

131 ﺭﺩ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ 25

ﻭ ﺮـﻧﺮﻟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ

ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ پﺁ ﻙﺭﺎﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻢﻛ

ﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ 8 ﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ 10

/ 1 ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ .

ﻢﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺭﺩ 38

ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺮﻧﺮﻟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ، / £ < L /

0 08 0 16 پﺁ ﻙﺭﺎﻣ ﻭ

/ £ m < /

1 10 1 20

ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮـﺑ .

ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻱ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﺭﺩ پﺁ ﻙﺭﺎﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻭ ﺮﻧﺮﻟ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺶﻴـﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ

ﺯﺍ 50 ﻪﺘﺴﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﺎﻜﺷ ﺪﻧﺍ

ﺖـﻤﻴﻗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻭ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻱ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ

.

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ 3 - ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ پﺁ ﻙﺭﺎﻣ ﻭ ﺮﻧﺮﻟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ

پﺁ ﻙﺭﺎﻣ ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ

ﻱ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ

ﺮﻧﺮﻟ ) (

L

ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ

ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ

ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ) ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ( ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻌﻤﺠﺗ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ

ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ) ﺪﺻﺭﺩ (

£ m < / 1 1 10

/

£ <

L /

0 00 0 08 19

25

19

/ £ m < / 1 10 1 20

/

£ <

L /

0 08 0 16 29

38

48

/ £ m < / 1 20 1 30

/

£ <

L /

0 16 0 22 26

34

74

/ £ m < / 1 30 1 40

/

£ <

L /

0 22 0 30 13

17

87

m ³1 40/

L

³0 30

/

13

17

100

ﻊﺒﻨﻣ : ﻱﺭﺎﺟ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺕﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ

ﺪﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲـﻤﻗﺭ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ

ﻝﻭﺪـﺟ ﺭﺩ ،

ISIC

)

4 ( ﻂـﺳﻮﺘﻣ

ﻲﻤﻗﺭ ﻭﺩ ﺪﻛ ﺏﻮﭼﺭﺎﭼ ﺭﺩ پﺁ ﻙﺭﺎﻣ ﻭ ﺮﻧﺮﻟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ

ISIC

. ﺎـﺑ

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ )

4 ( ﻲﻣ ﻲـﻤﻗﺭ ﻭﺩ ﺪـﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻊﻳﺎﻨـﺻ ،

ISIC

"

ﻱﺰــﻠﻓﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﻧﺎــﻛ ﺕﻻﻮــﺼﺤﻣﺮﻳﺎﺳ

"

" ، ﻲــﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺕﺍﺰــﻠﻓ ﺖﺧﺎــﺳ

"

" ، ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﺕﻻﺁ ﻦﻴــﺷﺎﻣ ﻭ

ﻱﺭﺍﺪﺑﺎﺴﺣ

"

" ، ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺎﻴﻤﻴـﺷ ﺕﻻﻮـﺼﺤﻣ

ﻳ

" ﻲ

" ، ﺯﺍ ﺕﻻﻮـﺼﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻚﻴﺘـﺳﻻ

ﻚﻴﺘـﺳﻼﭘ

"

ﻭ

"

ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻭ پﺎﭼ ﺮـﻴﺜﻜﺗ ﻪﻧﺎـﺳﺭ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻂﺒـﺿ ﻱﺎـﻫ

"

، ﺎـﺑ ﻪﺘـﺷﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺎـﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﺪـﻗ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻ ﻭ

ﻪﺘﺴﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﺎﻜﺷ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻭ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ

ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻱ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ

.

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ 4 - ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻧﺮﻟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻭ پﺁ ﻙﺭﺎﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺭﺎﻛ

ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺍ

ﻭﺩ ﺪﻛ ﻲﻤﻗﺭ ISIC ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ

ﺕﺎﺤﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ

ﻙﺭﺎﻣ پﺁ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﻧﺮﻟ

15 ﻲﻧﺪﻴﻣﺎﺷﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﺬﻏ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ

ﻞﻣﺎﺷ 17 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 878

ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 147

/ 1 12 / 0

16 ﺯﺍ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ

ﻮﻛﺎﺒﻨﺗﻭ ﻥﻮﺗﻮﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

1 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 9 ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 034

/ 1 03 / 0

17 ﺕﺎﺟﻮﺴﻨﻣ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ

ﻞﻣﺎﺷ 7 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 290 ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 12 / 1 11 / 0

18 ﻭ ﻙﺎﺷﻮﭘ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺍﺩﺰﺧ ﺖﺳﻮﭘ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﮓﻧﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻞﻤﻋ

ﺭ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ 2 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 81 ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 17 / 1 14 / 0

19 ﻦﻳﺯ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﻤﭼ ﻭ ﻒﻴﻛ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻡﺮﭼ ﻥﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻲﻏﺎﺑﺩ

ﺶﻔﻛ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻕﺍﺮﻳﻭ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

3 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 95 ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 08 / 1 07 / 0

20 ﺗ ﻭ ﺏﻮﭼﺪﻴﻟﻮ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺒﻨﭘ ﺏﻮﭼ ﻭ ﻲﺑﻮﭼ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ

ﺰﺟ ﻥﺎﻤﻠﺒﻣ

- ﻱﺮﻴﺼﺣ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻻﺎﻛ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

5 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 164 ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 07 / 1 06 / 0

21 ﻭ ﺬﻏﺎﻛ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ

ﻱﺬﻏﺎﻛ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

3 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 179 ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 20 / 1 16 / 0

22 ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ

ﻭ ﻭ پﺎﭼ ﻪﻧﺎﺳﺭﺮﻴﺜﻜﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻂﺒﺿ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

7 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 40 ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 25 / 1 20 / 0

23 ﻭ ﻚﻛ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺍﺮﻓ

ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻭ ﺖﻔﻧ

ﺖﺧﻮﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻪﺘﺴﻫ ﻱﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

3 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 93 ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 12 / 1 11 / 0

24 ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ

ﻲﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

9 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 1569

ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 25

/ 1 20 / 0

25 ﺯﺍ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ

ﻭ ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻻ ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

3 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 414 ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 25 / 1 20 / 0

26 ﺮﻳﺎﺳ

ﻱﺰﻠﻓﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﻧﺎﻛ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

8 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 358 ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 55 / 1 35 / 0

27 ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺕﺍﺰﻠﻓ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ

ﻞﻣﺎﺷ 4 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 233 ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 35 / 1 26 / 0

28 ﺑ ﻲﻜﻳﺮﺑﺎﻓ ﻱﺰﻠﻓ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻪ

ﺕﺍﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ ﻭ ﺕﻻﺁ ﻦﻴﺷﺎﻣ ﺰﺟ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

7 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 422 ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 17 / 1 14 / 0

29 ﻭ ﺕﻻﺁ ﻦﻴﺷﺎﻣ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺕﺍﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ

ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ

ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺎﺟ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

15 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 1301

ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 18

/ 1 15 / 0

30 ﺕﻻﺁ ﻦﻴﺷﺎﻣ

ﻱﺭﺍﺪﺑﺎﺴﺣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

1 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 138 ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 32 / 1 24 / 0

31 ﻭ ﺕﻻﺁ ﻦﻴﺷﺎﻣ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ

ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻲﻗﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ

ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﺟ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

6 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 552 ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 13 / 1 12 / 0

32 ﺕﺍﺭﺎﭘﺁ ﻭ ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻞﻳﺎﺳﻭ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻳﺰﻳﻮﻠﺗ ،ﻮﻳﺩﺍﺭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

3 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 171 ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 15 / 1 13 / 0

33 ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ، ﻲﻜﻴﺘﭘﺍ ، ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ، ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻲﭽﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

5 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 406 ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 06 / 1 06 / 0

34 ﻪﻴﻠﻘﻧ ﻞﻳﺎﺳﻭ

ﻱ ﺮﻠﻳﺮﺗ ﻢﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺮﻠﻳﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻮﺗﻮﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

3 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 309 ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 13 / 1 11 / 0

35 ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ

ﻞﻘﻧﻭ ﻞﻤﺣ ﺕﺍﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

7 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 182 ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 17 / 1 15 / 0

36 ﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻠﺒﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ

ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

6 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 313 ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 16 / 1 148 / 0

37 ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺯﺎﺑ

ﻞﻣﺎﺷ 2 ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ 52 ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ 13 / 1 11 / 0

ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺍ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﻊﻳﺎﻨـﺻ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪـﺑ

ﻞـﻴﻟﺩ

ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺮـﺑ ﺭﺎـﻈﺘﻧﺍ ،ﻲﺘﻤﻴﻗ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ

ﻪﺑ پﺁ ﻙﺭﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺮﻧﺮﻟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﻛ ﻂﻳﺍﺮـﺷ ﻭ ﺖـﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ،ﻩﺪـﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﻡﺰﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣ .

ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺕﻭﺎـﻀﻗ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻭﺭ

P MC

P

-

ـﺻ ﺮـﺑ ﻢﻛﺎﺣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﻨﻴﺑ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺖـﺷﺍﺩ ﻊﻳﺎﻨ

. ﻥﺎـﻤﻫ ﻝﻭﺪـﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻛ ﻪـﻧﻮﮔ )

5 (

ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺷ

ﺭﺩ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻱ 26

ﻲـﻤﻗﺭ ﺭﺎـﻬﭼ ﺪﻛ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺖـﺳﺎﻴﺳ ،

ISIC

ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﻲﺘﻤﻴﻗ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ

) (

P

ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻲﺗﺭﺎﻈﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ

ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺑ ﻪ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ

،ﺮﻜﺷ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻗ ﺍﻮـﻘﻣ ﻭ ﺬـﻏﺎﻛ ،ﺬﻏﺎﻛ ﺮﻴﻤﺧ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ

، ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴـﺷ ﺩﺍﻮـﻣ ،

،ﻡﻮـﻴﻨﻴﻣﻮﻟﺁ ،ﺩﻻﻮـﻓ ﻭ ﻦـﻫﺁ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻴﺳ ،ﻪﺸﻴﺷ ﻪـﻴﻠﻘﻧ ﻞﻳﺎـﺳﻭ ﻭ ﺲـﻣ

ﻱ ﻱﺭﻮـﺗﻮﻣ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺍ ﻲﺘﻤﻴﻗ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ .

ﻢﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻪـﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻴﻘﺘـﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻘﺘـﺴﻣ ﺖـﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻞـﻴﻟﺩ

ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻌﻳﺎﻨﺻ :

،ﻥﺎﻤﻴـﺳ ،ﻪـﺸﻴﺷ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴـﺷ ﺕﺍﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ،ﺬـﻏﺎﻛ ،ﻦـﻏﻭﺭ ،ﺮﻜﺷ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻗ

ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ،ﻡﻮﻴﻨﻴﻣﻮﻟﺁ ،ﺩﻻﻮﻓ ،ﻦﻫﺁ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻡﻮﻤـﺳ ﻭ ﺩﻮـﻛ ،ﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘ ﺕﺍﺰـﻴﻬﺠﺗ ،ﻲـﺴﻣ

،ﻭﺭﺍﺩ ،ﻱﺭﻮــﺗﻮﻣ ﻪـﻴﻠﻘﻧ ﻞﻳﺎـﺳﻭ ،ﻲﻋﻮﻨـﺼﻣ ﻱﻮﭼﻮﺋﺎـﻛ ﻭ ﻲﻜﻴﺘـﺳﻻ ﺕﻻﻮـﺼﺤﻣ ،ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎـﺸﻛ ﻲـﻤﻧ ﻪـﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ،ﻲﻜﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻩﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ﺲﻜﻌﻨـﻣ ﺪـﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﻱ

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻱ

، ﻝﻭﺪـﺟ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﺭﺩ پﺁ ﻙﺭﺎﻣ ﻭ ﺮﻧﺮﻟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺕﻭﺎﻀﻗ ﺍﺬﻟ )

5 (

ﺮﺑ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ ﻪﻛ 26

،ﻲـﺘﻤﻴﻗ ﻝﺮـﺘﻨﻛ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ 15

ﺖﻌﻨـﺻ ﺎـﺑ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺭﺍ ﺖـﻳﺎﻤﺣ 24

ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻴﺑ ﺮﺗ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻦﻳ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺖﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺑ ﻢﻛﺎﺣ ﺩﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ

. ﻢﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻲـﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﺷ ﻱ

ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﻥﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ

ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﻪﻧﺍﺭﺎﻳ ﺯﺍ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ،ﻱژﺮﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻬﻨﭘ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺷﺁ ﺪﻧﺍ

. ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺭ )

5 ( ﻪﻛ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺮﺑ ﻱژﺮﻧﺍ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ

ﻪﻧﺍﺭﺎﻳ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻬﻨﭘ ﻱ )

ﻪﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﻥﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﺎﻫ

( ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻨﻣ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﻛﺫ ﺪﻧﺍ .

ﻲﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ

37 ﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻪﻔﻟﺆ

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺝﺭﺪﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ )

5 ( ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ

ﺖﺷﺍﺩ

.

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ 5 - ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲﺘﻤﻴﻗ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏ ،ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ

ﺪﻛ ISIC ﻪﺘﺷﺭ

ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻱ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ

ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺯﺭﺍ ﻱژﺮﻧﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ

ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﺕﻼﻴﻬﺴﺗ

ﻱﺯﺭﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ

ﻭ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ

) ﻪﺑ ﺰﺟ

ﻱژﺮﻧﺍ ( ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ

ﻲﺘﻤﻴﻗ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ

ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﻲﻛﺮﻤﮔ

) ﻪﻓﺮﻌﺗ ﻱ

ﺕﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭ ( ﻙﺭﺎﻣ

پﺁ



ﺮﻜﺷ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻗ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ + +

+ + 20 12 / 1



ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﻑﺎﻴﻟﺍ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﺭ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ

ﺝﻮﺴﻨﻣ 4 +

09 / 1



ﻪﭼﺭﺎﭘ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺮﮕﻧﺭ 70 +

39 / 1



ﺍﻮﻘﻣ ﻭ ﺬﻏﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺬﻏﺎﻛ ﺮﻴﻤﺧ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ + +

15 + 34 / 1



ﻕﺭﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺶﻛﻭﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺨﺗ

ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻥﺎﭘﻮﺌﻧ ﻭ ﻖﺒﻄﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻳﻻﺪﻨﭼ ﻪﺘﺨﺗ ﻭ ﻞﻧﺎﭘ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ 4 +

13 / 1



ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺰﺟ

ﺕﺯﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺩﻮﻛ + +

+ + 15 58 / 1



ﻡﺎﺟ ﻪﺸﻴﺷ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ + +

45 31 / 1



ﻪﺸﻴﺷ ﻑﻭﺮﻇ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻲﻨﻴﭼﻭ ﻱﺍ

+ 45 +

30 / 1



ـ ﺯﻮﺴﻧ ﻲﻜﻴﻣﺍﺮﺳ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻖﻳﺎﻋ ﺕﺭﺍﺮﺣ ) ﺯﻮﺴﻧ ﺮﺟﺁ ( 90 +

77 / 1



ﭻﮔ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﺳ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ + +

4 + 16 / 3



ﻞﻜﺷ ﻭ ﻥﺪﻳﺮﺑ ﮓﻨﺳ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ

10 + 53 / 1



ﻲﻨﻴﺷﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺸﻓ ﺮﺟﺁ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ 25 +

53 / 1



ﻭ ﻲﻠﮔ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺯﻮﺴﻧﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﻜﻴﻣﺍﺮﺳ 90 +

24 / 2



ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺁ ﻱ

ﺩﻻﻮﻓ + +

+ + 10 37 / 1



ﻲﻣﻮﻴﻨﻴﻣﻮﻟﺁ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ + +

25 + 35 / 1



ﻪﺘﺨﻳﺭ  ﻭ ﺩﻻﻮﻓ ﻭ ﻦﻫﺁ ﻱﺮﮔ

ﻪﺘﺨﻳﺭ ﻲﻨﻫﺁﺮﻴﻏ ﺕﺍﺰﻠﻓ ﻱﺮﮔ 10 +

28 / 1



ﻱﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺏﺮﺳ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺶﻤﺷ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ 4 +

26 / 1

1600 ﻮﻛﺎﺒﻨﺗ ﻭ ﻥﻮﺗﻮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ –

ﺭﺎﮕﻴﺳ +

+ + 4 03 / 1

2421 ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻓﺁ ﻊﻓﺩ ﻡﻮﻤﺳ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ

ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ ﻱﺎﻬﻫ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ

+ +

+ 4 16 / 1

2412 ﺕﺯﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ ﺩﻮﻛ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ +

+ + 4 30 / 2

3311 ﻭ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻭ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﺕﺍﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ +

+ + 4 14 / 1

ﺪﻛ ISIC ﻪﺘﺷﺭ

ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻱ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ

ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺯﺭﺍ ﻱژﺮﻧﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ

ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﺕﻼﻴﻬﺴﺗ

ﻱﺯﺭﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ

ﻭ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ

) ﻪﺑ ﺰﺟ

ﻱژﺮﻧﺍ ( ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ

ﻲﺘﻤﻴﻗ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ

ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﻲﻛﺮﻤﮔ

) ﻪﻓﺮﻌﺗ ﻱ

ﺕﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭ ( ﻙﺭﺎﻣ

پﺁ

ﻱﺪﭘﻮﺗﺭﺍ ﻞﻳﺎﺳﻭ

1514 ﻲﺗﺎﺒﻧ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﻴﺣ ﻲﺑﺮﭼ ﻭ ﻦﻏﻭﺭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ

ﻲﻛﺍﺭﻮﺧ +

+ + 4 07 / 1

2519 ﻲﻜﻴﺘﺳﻻ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ +

+ + 10 20 / 1

2919 ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ﺕﻻﺁ ﻦﻴﺷﺎﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ

ﻡﺎﻋ +

+ 5

26 / 1

1545 ﻲﻳﺍﻮﻧﺎﻧ

+ + 45 29 / 1

1520 ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ

ﻲﻨﺒﻟ ﻱﺎﻫ + +

15 02 / 1

2519 ﻲﻜﻴﺘﺳﻻ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ

ﻪﺑ ﺶﻔﻛ ﺰﺟ +

+ 10

20 / 1

2721 ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ

ﻲﺴﻣ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ +

+ 40 76 / 1

3410 ﻱﺭﻮﺗﻮﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻘﻧ ﻞﻳﺎﺳﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ

+ + + 90 22 / 1

2511 ﻭ ﻲﻳﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻳﻭﺭ ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻻ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ

ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺯﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺭﺎﺑﻭﺩ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﺶﻛﻭﺭ ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻻ ﻲﻳﻭﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ +

+ + 10 44 / 1

2423 ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ

ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﻳﻭﺭﺍﺩ +

+ + 25 37 / 1

1531 ﻭ ﺕﻼﻏ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﺩﺭﺁ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ

ﺕﺎﺑﻮﺒﺣ 30 +

72 / 1

1532 ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺳﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ

ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻪﺘﺳﺎﺸﻧ ﻱﺍ 40 +

14 / 1

2102 ﻞﻳﺎﺳﻭ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻦﺗﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻪﺒﻌﺟ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ

ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﻲﻳﺍﻮﻘﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺬﻏﺎﻛ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ +

25 + 22 / 1

2109 ﻭ ﻱﺬﻏﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ

ﻲﻳﺍﻮﻘﻣ +

25 + 12 / 1

2413 ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ

ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻻ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ +

+ 120 +

13 / 3

2429 ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ

ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ +

15 + 18 / 1

ﻊﺒﻨﻣ : ﻱﺭﺎﺟ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ

ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ 37

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ )

5 ( ﻪﺑ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺖﺳﺩ

ﺪﻳﺁ :

1 - ﻚﻴﺘـﺳﻻ ﻭ ﻲﻜﻴﺘـﺳﻼﭘ ﺩﺍﻮـﻣ ،ﻲـﺴﻣ ﺕﻻﻮـﺼﺤﻣ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻊﻳﺎﻨـﺻ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎـﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴـﺷ ﺩﻮـﻛ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﺒﺣ ﻭ ﺕﻼﻏ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﺩﺭﺁ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ،ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ پﺁ ﻙﺭﺎﻣ ،ﻲﺗﺭﺎﻈﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﺘﻤﻴﻗ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﺑ ،ﺕﺯﺍ .

2 - ﺬﻏﺎﻛ ،ﺬﻏﺎﻛ ﺮﻴﻤﺧ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻌﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴـﺷ ﺩﺍﻮـﻣ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ،ﺍﻮـﻘﻣ ﻭ

ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻳﻮـﺗ ﻭ ﻲـﻳﻭﺭ ﻚﻴﺘـﺳﻻ ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ،ﺩﻻﻮـﻓ ﻭ ﻦـﻫﺁ ﻪـﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ،ﻥﺎﻤﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻻﺎـﺑ ﺭﺎﻴـﺴﺑ پﺁ ﻙﺭﺎـﻣ ،ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻣﻮﻴﻨﻴﻣﻮﻟﺁ ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻪﻴﺷﺎﺣ ﻱ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻝﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺩﻮﺳ .

3 - ﻪﺸﻴﺷ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﺘﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺸﻴﺷ ﻑﻭﺮﻇ ﻭ ﻡﺎﺟ

ﺕﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ،ﻱﺍ

ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴـﺷ ﺩﺍﻮـﻣ ﻭ ﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺸﻓ ﺮﺟﺁ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ،ﻲﻜﻴﻣﺍﺮﺳ

، ﻪـﺑ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻊﻧﺎـﻣ ﺩﺎـﺠﻳﺍ ﻞـﻴﻟﺩ

ﻪﺑ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﻓﺮﻌﺗ ﺥﺮﻧ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺍ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ پﺁ ﻙﺭﺎﻣ ،ﻻﺎﺑ ﺕﺍﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻱ

) ﻪـﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻦﺘﻓﺮـﮔ ﺭﺍﺮـﻗ ﻞـﻴﻟﺩ

ﻪﻴﺷﺎﺣ ﻱ ﻦﻣﺍ ( ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﻳﺎﻋ .

4 - ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ )

5 ( ﻲـﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ـﺷ

ﻪـﻴﻠﻘﻧ ﻞﻳﺎـﺳﻭ ﺖﻌﻨـﺻ پﺁ ﻙﺭﺎـﻣ ﻪـﻛ ﺩﻮ ﻱ

ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﻮﺗﻮﻣ 22

/ 1 ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ ﻲـﺘﻤﻴﻗ ﻝﺮـﺘﻨﻛ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ

ﻲﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺍ ﻲﺗﺭﺎﻈﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻲﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛﺎﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ

ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﻞـﺑﺎﻗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰـﻓﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﺮـﺠﻨﻣ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎـﻛﺎﻧ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻢﻛﺎﺣ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻲﺼﻴﺼﺨﺗ ﻭ ﻳﺰﻫ ﻪﻨ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ) .

،ﻲﻜﻴﻬﺷ 1391

( ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺎﺣ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﺑ ﻭﺭ

ﻪـﻴﻠﻘﻧ ﻞﻳﺎـﺳﻭ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺭﺎﺼﺤﻧﺍ ﺖـﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻮـﺗﻮﻣ ﻱ

ﻩﺩﺮﺘـﺴﮔ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﻱ

ﻭ ﻢﻴﻘﺘـﺴﻣ

پﺁ ﻙﺭﺎﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﻢﻛﺎﺣ ﺭﻮﺼﺗ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻴﻏ 22

/ 1 ﺖﺳﺍ

١

.

-1 ﻪﻳﻭﺍﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻧﺮﻟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻭ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻱ

ﻲﻣ ﻪﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻱ ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ

. ﻲﻟﺎـﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺕﻻﻮـﺼﺤﻣ ﺖـﻤﻴﻗ ﻪـﻛ

ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺗﺭﺎﻈﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺪﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﻮﺳ

ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱ

ﻪـﺑ ،ﺭﻮـﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻡﺎـﺠﻧﺍ ﻞـﻴﻟﺩ

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ،ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻛﺎﺣ ﻲﺼﻴﺼﺨﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻓ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛﺎﻧ ﺖﺳﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻱ

. ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺖـﻤﻴﻗ ﻑﺎﻜﺷ ﻭﺭ

ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻱ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻛ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ .

ﻥﺁ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺮـﮔﺍ ﻪـﻛ ﻱﺎـﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧﺁ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺰـﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﺕﺪـﺷ ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﻓﺮﮔ ﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻥﺍﻮـﺗ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ .

ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ

ﺖﻌﻨـﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ 86

ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ

1386 ﺩﻭﺪﺣ 34 ﻲﻣ ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .

ﻝﺎﺳ ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ

ﺎﻫ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ

ﻩﺎﮕﻨﺑ ) ﺵﻭﺮﻓ ( ﻝﺍﺪﻨﻴﻓﺮﻫ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ -

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

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

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

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









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ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺎﻫ

ﻲﻃ

ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻱ 1374 - 19 1386

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