Journal of Environmental Studies
Vol. 46, No. 2, Summer 2020
Journal Homepage: www.Jes.ut.ac.ir Print ISSN: 1025-8620 Online ISSN 2345-6922
Modeling of Flow Hydrodynamics and Biological Oxygen Demand Changes in the Wetlands (Case Study: The GoleNilofar Wetland, Babol, Iran)
Parand Bamdadi, Ozeair Abessi*, Hasan Amini-Rad
Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol , Iran
DOI: 10.22059/JES.2021.308980.1008065
Document Type Research Paper Received January 28, 2020 Accepted April 16, 2020
Abstract
Due to particular ecological proprties and high resistance time, wetlands are able to refine surface waters by their natural purification potential, hence, they are often referred to as “Earth’s kidneys”. In the current study, to investigate the purification function of the wetlands an ecological model has developed using MIKE3 and the ECOLab madual of DHI for the Babol Golenilofar watland. The computer model of wetland has developed using the field data of meteorological records and the quantitative and qualitative data of inflow. In the end, a senario of the real case has been developed for the season of spring. Based on our modeling results for this season, the wetland could absorve the pollutants and clean it up partially, where the influx of BOD (5.5 mg/l) has droped to 4.7 and 3 mg/l in the outflows for pond 1 and 2 as a result of 18 to 24 days of resistance and the biochemical processes of the wetland. The prediction of the model found to be close enough to our field observations.
Keywords: Biological oxygen demand, Hydrodynamic of flow, Natural treatment, Wetland
* Corresponding author Email: oabessi@nit.ac.ir
Extended abstract Introduction
Among surface water resources, wetlands have special importance in providing habitat for various plant and animal species due to their ecological roles. Wetlands are swampy areas, reservoirs, and natural and man-made ponds that have static or flowing water, fresh or saline, permanent or temporary. One of the most important but little known traits of wetlands is to improve surface water quality. These systems can provide effective treatment for a variety of contaminants in the water, hence they are known as "natural water purifiers". Removal of pollutants occurs by the effect of simultaneous operation of physical, chemical, and biological processes including deposition, filtration, chemical reduction, adsorption, biodegradation, photo-oxidation, consumption by animals and plants, etc. The mechanisms and interdependencies between the ecological components of the wetland are complex and many of them are not yet fully understood.
With the development of technology and the use of computers in engineering processes, the use of computer models to simulate ecological processes in natural ecosystems has become very common during the last years. Therefore, making an appropriate hydrodynamic model of the water body with the ability to simulate the affecting processes for the fate and transmission of the pollutant, has become a technical necessity.
So far, several field studies and computer simulations have been reported to evaluate the efficiency of the wetlands to improve water quality under the predicted load of pollution entering the wetlands. The experience of using mathematical models for the simulation of the wetlands has shown the high ability of these models for the simulation of the complex ecological processes. So, the computer models have seriously been considered as a modern tool for the management of wetlands and improving its purification efficiency.
Materials and Methods
In the current study, the experiences of Babol city in the province of Mazandaran for the planning of a city wetland i.e. GoleNilofar wetland, to the common space is reported. The hydraulic retention times in wetland different basins are about 20 to 60 days. The inflow to the wetland is not changing along the seasons and was measured about 0.153 m3/s in spring, 0.157 m3/s in summer, 0.273 in fall and 0.217 m3/s in winter
In this study, the computer model of the GoleNilofar wetland is developed using Hydrodynamic and ECOLab modules of the MIKE3 software. The FM hydrodynamic model is a basic numerical model for the flow simulation in MIKE3 that can be used in all water bodies i.e. the wetlands, rivers, bays, coastal waters, and open oceans. This model can simulate the flow unsteady three-dimensional features in the conditions of density changes in the environment. The model can simulate the impacts of external forces including meteorological and tidal parameters. The EcoLab module of MIKE software was developed as a modeling tool to investigate the effects of natural aeration, sunlight photooxidation, and sedimentation together with the plants and bacterial uptakes on the fate of organic matter and purification capability of the different water bodies. In the simulations, only BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) time variations and spatial changes in the wetland were investigated.
The amount of oxygen needed by microorganisms for the oxidation of degradable materials within 5 days is called BOD5 i.e. 5-day biological oxygen demand. Biological oxygen demand is one of the most important indicators of water pollution. Water contamination is caused by external material in a suspended or dissolved form that changes the physical, chemical, and biological properties of water.
Discussion of results
The BOD of the inflow was measured by sampling the incoming current in different seasons along 1398 (2019-2020). The BOD together with the discharge flow rate, temperature, and density of the water are modeling inputs that are required for the simulation. Here in this paper, the results of the
wetland ecological simulations have been reported for the season of the spring. This season is selected as it is the beginning of a growing season in the wetland. To better investigate the distribution of pollutants and the changes in the flow properties, the water body of the wetland is assumed to be stationary and the concentration of BOD is considered equal to zero at the beginning of the simulation.
So, the inflow to the wetland (to the pond 1) was measured 0.153 m3/s and the BOD of incoming water was measured 5.5 mg/l, both of which did not change significantly during the spring. The time interval of 3 hours and the number of steps of 735, equivalent to one whole season is introduced to the model.
Finally, the simulation results at the end of spring were compared with the observed values from the field sampling at the beginning of summer.
As a result of hydrodynamic modeling when the wind speed is at its maximum during the season, i.e. 9 m/s, the flow velocity in the wetland is also at its maximum. For wind speeds of 9 m/s, the velocity of the surface flow was above 0.37 m/s, which due to the closed boundaries of the environment, lead to deep current and material conduction to water depth. Ecological modeling exhibited that due to the chemical and biological processes, as well as the long retention time of the pollution in the wetland, distancing from the entrance, the BOD decreases clearly. According to the discharge flow rate and volume of each pond, the retention time in the first pond is about 18 days, in the second pond 24 days, and the third pond 73 days. The results also showed that the amount of BOD entering the wetland (5.5 mg/l) at the end of spring and early summer reaches 4.7 mg/l at output 1 and about 3 mg/l at output 2.
The field measurements of BOD at the beginning of summer in both outlets showed the values of 4 and 3.4 mg/l, respectively. Comparison of the modeling results with our field observation at the end of this season exhibited that the model can predict the BOD concentration with 80% accuracy without adjusting the coefficients and only using the values reported for similar conditions in previous studies.
Conclusions
In this work, an ecological model has developed using the ECOLab module of MIKE3 for the Gole- Niloufar wetland which is an urban wetland in the city of Babol, north of Iran. The cpability of the wetland to improve the quality of incoming water has been discussed. This waterbody is a valuable natural resource in the region in terms of entertainment and recreation and has been used to supply water to rice farms downstream. In the developed model, the wetland is simulated during the spring for 93 days with 735 of 3-hour time steps in which the actual data of the inflow and BOD have been utilized. The BOD parameter was selected as an indicator of contamination to the organic matters and the process of transfer, diffusion, and decomposition were investigated by hydrodynamics modeling of the flow and the simulation of the BOD degradation in the wetland. The calculated values were compared with the field measurements at the end of the season and the accuracy of the model was investigated. A comparative study of the results with the field data exhibited that the model can predict the degradation of BOD concentration in the ponds. The results of this study showed that due to the high retention time, low flow rate, and the natural rehabilitation and purification, this wetland can reduce pollution to a desirable level. It has also been observed that the water quality of the wetland depends on the physical, chemical, and biological processes of wetland beside the properties of the incoming water. So, improving the wetland performances from this perspective can ensure the safe use of water downstream.
.
ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ةرود 46 ، ةرﺎﻤﺷ 2 نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ، 1399 ، ﮥﺤﻔﺻ 391 - 412
لﺪﻣ ) ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ نﮋﯿﺴﮐا تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ و نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﮏﯿﻣﺎﻨﯾدورﺪﯿﻫ يزﺎﺳ ( BOD
بﻻﺎﺗ رد -
ﻄﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﺑ ﺮﻓﻮﻠﯿﻧ ﻞﮔ بﻻﺎﺗ يدرﻮﻣ ﮥﻌﻟﺎ
ﯽﺴﺑﺎﻋ ﺮﯾﺰﻋ ،يداﺪﻣﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﺮﭘ ،*
ﯽﻨﯿﻣا ﻦﺴﺣ دار
ناﺮﯾا ،ﻞﺑﺎﺑ ،ﻞﺑﺎﺑ ﯽﻧاوﺮﯿﺷﻮﻧ ﯽﺘﻌﻨﺻ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ناﺮﻤﻋ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،ﺖﺴﯾز ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ هوﺮﮔ :ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ لﻮﺻو ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ 08
/ 11 / 1398 :ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ شﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ
28 / 01 / 1399
هﺪﯿﮑﭼ بﻻﺎﺗ ﮐا تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ ،بآ يﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﺎﻣ نﺎﻣز و دﻮﺧ صﺎﺧ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮ
ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻪﯿﻔﺼﺗ ﻪﺑ يدﺎﯾز ﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ
بآ بﻻﺎﺗ ور ﻦﯾا زا ،ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﮏﻤﮐ ﯽﺤﻄﺳ يﺎﻫ ﻪﯿﻠﮐ ار ﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﻦﯿﻣز يﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد .ﺪﻨﻧاد
ﮥﯿﻔـﺼﺗ رد بﻻﺎـﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ
ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ لﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يدورو يﺎﻫ
ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﮐا يزﺎﺳ گرﺰﺑ زا ﯽﮑﯾ
بﻻﺎﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ،ﻞـﺑﺎﺑ ﺮﻓﻮـﻠﯿﻧ ﻞـﮔ بﻻﺎـﺗ ،رﻮﺸﮐ يﺮﻬﺷ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺳ لﺪﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ يﺪﻌﺑ
MIKE3 ) ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﮐا هﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ لوژﺎﻣ و ECOlab
هداد زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺎﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا ياﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ماﺪﻗا ( يﺎـﻫ
ﯿﻣ ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ ﻧاﺪ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﯾا تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ،ﯽ ﯿﮐ و ﯽﻤﮐ تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ و ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷاﻮﻫ يﺎﻫ
ـﻔ ﯽ ﺮﺟ ـﯾ نﺎ دورو
ﻣﺎـﮐ لﺪـﻣ ،ي ﯿﭙ
ﺮﺗﻮ و ﻪﺘﺧﺎـﺳ بﻻﺎـﺗ ي
ﯾرﺎﻨﺳ ﺎﻫﻮ ﯾﺮﺟ ي نﺎ ﯾاﺮﺷ رد ﻄ ﯾﺎﺘﻧ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽﻌﻗاو ﯽ ﺞ
لﺪﻣ زا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ هﺪﻫﺎـﺸﻣ ،رﺎـﻬﺑ ﻞﺼﻓ رد بﻻﺎﺗ يزﺎﺳ
ﯿﻔﺼﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﻮﺧ ﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ تﺪﻣ ﻦﯾا لﻮﻃ رد بﻻﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ ﻪ
نآ ﯽﮔدﻮـﻟآ تﺪﺷ زا ﯽﺼﺨﺸﻣ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺴﻧاﻮﺗ و هدﺮﮐ ﮏﻤﮐ يدورو بآ
ﻪﺑ ﺪﻫﺎﮑﺑ يﻮﺤﻧ BODﻪﮐ دورو بﻻﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ ي mg/l )
5 / 5 ( ﺪﻧﺎﻣ نﺎﻣز ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ 18
ﺎﺗ 24 هزور رد ﻪﭽﺿﻮﺣ ﺎـﻫ رد بﻻﺎـﺗ مود و لوا ي
رد ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ ﺎﻬﺘﻧا ي ﻞﺼﻓ
، ﺟوﺮﺧ رد ﯽ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ناﺰﯿﻣ 7 / 4 و mg/l3 ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺖﺳد ﻪﮐ
ﯽﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ دﺰﻧ
ﯾ ﮏ ﻪﺑ هزاﺪﻧا ﮔ يﺮـﯿ يﺎـﻫ ﻣ ـﯿ ﻧاﺪ ﯽ
.ﺖﺳا ﺪﯿﻠﮐ هژاو :ﺎﻫ ،بﻻﺎﺗ
،ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻪﯿﻔﺼﺗ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ
ﮏﯿﻣﺎﻨﯾدورﺪﯿﻫ ،ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ نﮋﯿﺴﮐا .نﺎﯾﺮﺟ
زﺎﻏآﺮﺳ ﻪﻫد ﯽﻃ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ و ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ ﺪﺷر ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﺮﯿﺧا يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ بآ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺸﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ ،ﯽﺘﻌﻨﺻ و ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ،يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﯽﮑﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ
ﻞﮑﺷ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا تﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ يﺮﻬﺷ ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ يﺎﻘﺑ و يﺮﯿﮔ
ﻦﯿﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﻗر ﺪﺷر ﻦﯾا تازاﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺶﺨﺑ ﺻ ،يزروﺎﺸﮐ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ تﺪﺷ ﺰﯿﻧ بﺮﺷ و ﺖﻌﻨ
،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﺴﺑﺎﻋ) ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ 1390
ﻦﯾا زا .(
،ﻆﻔﺣ ور
هﺮﻬﺑ و ﺖﻧﺎﯿﺻ ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ هزوﺮﻣا ،ﯽﺑآ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ زا ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ يرادﺮﺑ
يا و ﯽﻧﺎﻀﻣر) ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ يﺮﺸﺑ ﺮﯿﮔاﺮﻓ ﺶﻟﺎﭼ و ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ
،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 1399
ﺚﺤﺑ رد بآ يﺪﯿﻠﮐ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .(
ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺪﯿﮐﺄﺗ ،راﺪﯾﺎﭘ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ و ﺖﯿﻤﮐ ﻆﻔﺣ ﺮﺑ هراﻮﻤﻫ
.ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ راﻮﺘﺳا بآ رﺎﺷﺮﺳ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ لﺎﺳ رد
يﺎﻫ
بآ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ،بآ ﻪﻧاﺮﺳ فﺮﺼﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ ﺮﯿﺧا يﺎﻫ
بآ .ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮐ اﺪﯿﭘ ﻞﯾﺰﻨﺗ تﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺤﻄﺳ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور زا ﻢﻋا ﯽﺤﻄﺳ ﻪﭼﺎﯾرد ،ﺎﻫﺎﯾرد ،ﺎﻫ
نزﺎﺨﻣ ،ﺎﻫ
ﺤﻄﺳ ـ بﻻﺎﺗ و ﯽ ﻌﻣ رد ﻪﻤﻫ زا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺎﻫ
ـ دﻮﻟآ ضﺮ ﯽﮔ ﻫ ـ يﺎ
ﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ* :لﻮﺌﺴ Email: oabessi@nit.ac.ir
DOI: 10.22059/JES.2021.308980.1008065 Dor: 20.1001.1.10258620.1399.46.2.9.0
ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ هدﻮﺑ ﺮﺸﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ﻦﯾا .ﺪﻧا دورو ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ
نژﻮﺗﺎﭘ يﺪﯿﺳا بآ هز و ﻦﯿﮕﻨﺳ تاﺰﻠﻓ ،يﺬﻐﻣ داﻮﻣ ،ﺎﻫ
ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﻓآ ،ﯽﻤﺳ داﻮﻣ ،ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺶﮐ
ﻦﺑﺮﮐورﺪﯿﻫ ،ﺎﻫ ،ﺎﻫ
ﯽﺘﺣ و تروﺪﮐ ﺖﺳا بآ ﻪﺑ يﺬﻐﻣ داﻮﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
تدﺎﻌﺳ)
،رﻮﭘ 1391 ﻞﺧاد ﯽﺤﻄﺳ بآ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ رد .(
ﯽﮑﺸﺧ بﻻﺎﺗ ،ﺎﻫ رد دﻮﺧ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﮐا ﺶﻘﻧ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺿﻮﺣ هﮋﯾو ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ،ﺰﯾﺮﺑآ يﺎﻫ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﯾز ﻦﯿﻣﺄﺗ رد يا
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺪﻧراد يرﻮﻧﺎﺟ و ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ ،يﺪﻤﺣا)
1395 (.
بﻻﺎﺗ ﯽﮑﯾدﺰﻧ رد نﺎﺴﻧا ﯽﺨﯾرﺎﺗ ﺖﻧﻮﮑﺳ و ﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷر
ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳﻮﮐا ﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﻮﺳ رﺎﺛآ ﺖﯿﻌﻤﺟ هوﻼﻋ و ﻪﺘﺷاد ﯽﺑﻻﺎﺗ يﺎﻫ
دورو ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ،شزرا ﺎﺑ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا نﺪﯿﻧﺎﮑﺸﺧ و ﺐﯾﺮﺨﺗ ﺮﺑ بﻼﺿﺎﻓ عاﻮﻧا ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ يزروﺎﺸﮐ و يﺮﻬﺷ ،ﯽﺘﻌﻨﺻ يﺎﻫ
مﻮﺑ ﺖﺴﯾز ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ رد هزوﺮﻣا .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ سﺎﺴﺣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﺑ ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ بﻻﺎﺗ ﺺﺧﻷﺎﺑ ،بﻻﺎﺗ رﺎﻤﺷ
يﺎﻫ
ﻬﺷ نآ زا يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ و ﺎﯿﺣا ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧوﺰﻓا زور رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ،يﺮ ﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ بﻻﺎﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .دﻮﺷ
مﺪﻋ و ﺎﻫ
ﺖﺸﮔﺮﺑ شزرا ،هدراو تارﺎﺴﺧ يﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﺖﺒﻫﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا يراﺬﮔ
ﺖﺳﺎﯿﺳ رد ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ يراﺬﮔ
رﺎﯿﺴﺑ يرﺎﮐ يﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ يﺎﻫ
بﻻﺎﺗ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ هﮋﯾو ﻪﺟﻮﺗ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا و هدﻮﺑ راﻮﺷد رد ﺎﻫ
ﺤﻣ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻂﯿ
ﯽﻣ ﺐﻠﻃ ار ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز ﺪﻨﮐ
،يرﻮﺼﻨﻣ و ﺖﺠﺣﺮﻈﺘﻨﻣ) 1395
.(
بﻻﺎﺗ ﻪﮐﺮﺑ و ﺮﯿﮕﺑآ ،ﯽﺑادﺮﻣ ﯽﻘﻃﺎﻨﻣ ،ﺎﻫ و ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ يﺎﻫ
،ﻦﯾﺮﯿﺷ ،يرﺎﺟ ﺎﯾ ﻦﮐﺎﺳ بآ ياراد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﯽﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﺐﻟ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺖﻗﻮﻣ ﺎﯾ ﯽﻤﺋاد رﻮﺷ ﺎﯾ رﻮﺷ ﻢﻬﻣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ
ﺮﺗ ﻦﯾ
ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻢﮐ ﯽﻟو هﺪﺷ
ﺮﺗ ﻦﯾ بﻻﺎﺗ ﻒﯾﺎﻇو ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ،ﺎﻫ
بآ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺳا ﯽﺤﻄﺳ ي ﺳ ﻦﯾا .
ﻢﺘﺴﯿ ﺎﻫ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﯿﻔﺼﺗ
ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ي ﮔدﻮﻟآ عاﻮﻧا ياﺮﺑ ﯽ
يﺎﻫ رد ﺪﻨﻫد ﻪﺋارا بآ زا
ا ﻦﯾ ور
» ﻪﯿﻔﺼﺗ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ بآ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ يﺎﻫ
« ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﯽﻣ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
يﻻﺎﺑ بﻻﺎﺗ ﻻآ فﺬﺣ ﺎﯾ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ هﺪﻨﯾ
ﺎﻫ زا
ﯽﻟآ داﻮﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﻖﻠﻌﻣ
، نژﻮﺗﺎﭘ ،يﺬﻐﻣ داﻮﻣ ،ﺪﻣﺎﺟ داﻮﻣ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻠﻓ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ و تاﺰ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ زا ﺎﻫ
ا ي
بﻼﺿﺎﻓ) ﺎﻫ ي بﺎﺴﭘ و يﺮﻬﺷ ﺎﻫ
ي ﻪﻄﻘﻧﺮﯿﻏ و (ﯽﺘﻌﻨﺻ يا
) ﻞﺜﻣ هز بآ ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ (يﺮﻬﺷ و يزروﺎﺸﮐ ، نﺎﯿﻟﺎﺳ
دراد راﺮﻗ نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا يزارد فﺬﺣ .
هﺪﻨﯾﻻآ ﺮﺛا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ نﺎﻣأﻮﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ ،ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ
ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ و ا ﻢﻋا
ز بﻮﺳر راﺬﮔ ي
،نﻮﯿﺳاﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓ ، ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
بﺬﺟ ،ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ ﯽﺤﻄﺳ
،ﯽﺘﺴﯾز ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ،
،نﻮﯿﺳاﺪﯿﺴﮐاﻮﺘﻓ
فﺮﺼﻣ و نارﻮﻧﺎﺟ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻫﺎﯿﮔ
نﺎ ... و قﺎﻔﺗا ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺘﻓا .
ﮕﺘﺴﺑاو ﯽ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ نﺎﯿﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﮐا ي بﻻﺎﺗ
ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ،بآ) ناراﺪﻧﺎﺟ ،
هﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ (هﺎﮕﺘﺴﯾز و هدﻮﺑ
و زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ
نآ هﺪﺸﻧ كرد ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ زﻮﻨﻫ ا
ﺪﻧ بﻻﺎﺗ يژﻮﻟورﺪﯿﻫ . ﺎﻫ
و ﻂﺑاور
ﻦﯿﺑ ز و كﺎﺧ ﺖﺴﯾ
مﻮﺑ ﻣ و نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ) ﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮔراوﺮﮑﯿ
يﺎﻫ
ﻦﮐﺎﺳ
ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ( ﻠﺻا
ﯽ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ بآ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﺮﺑ راﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ
بﻻﺎﺗ رد ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻣ ﯽ ) ﺪﻧﻮﺷ National Research
council, 1995 ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﯾا نﺎﻣأﻮﺗ دﺮﮐرﺎﮐ .(
هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ رﺎﻬﻣ ﻪﺑ
عاﻮﻧا ﮔدﻮﻟآ ﯽ رد يﺎﻫ بﻻﺎﺗ هﺪﺷ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ و
ﻪﯿﻔﺼﺗ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ
نآ ﺎﻫ .ﺖﺷاد ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ ار
رد ﺳﻮﮐا تروﺎﺠﻣ رد ﯽﻟآ تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ،بﻻﺎﺗ يﺎﯾﻮﭘ ﻢﺘﺴﯿ
ﺪﯿﺷرﻮﺧ رﻮﻧ ﺮﺛاﺮﺑ ،هﺪﺷ ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ اﻮﻫ نﮋﯿﺴﮐا ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ بﻮﺳر ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ رد ﺎﯾ هﺪﺷ هﺪﯿﺴﮐاﻮﺘﻓ ﻣ
ﯽ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
رﻮﻀﺣ رد تاﺮﺘﯿﻧ ،نﻮﯿﺳﺎﮑﯿﻔﯾﺮﺘﯿﻧ يد ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ
ي يﺎﻫ
ﺑ ﯽ ﻫ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ زﺎﮔ ﻪﺑ و هﺪﺷ ﺖﯿﺒﺜﺗ يزاﻮ ﻣ
ﯽ .دﻮﺷ
دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻣ
ﯽ ﻪﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺎﯾ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ رد داﻮﻣ ﯽﻨﯿﺸﻧ
ﻪﭼﺮﮔا .ﺪﺑﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ بﺬﺟ بﻻﺎﺗ
ﺎﻫ ناﺰﯿﻣ
رد و دﻮﺧ كﺎﺧ رد صﺎﺧ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ار ﻦﺑﺮﮐ زا يدﺎﯾز رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﯽﻣ هﺮﯿﺧذ ﻦﮐﺎﺳ نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﻣ ﺎﻣا ،ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ
ﯿﻟﺎﺳ زا ﺶﯿﺑ ﻪﻧﺎ 10
زﺎﮔ ﺪﺻرد ﻪﻧﺎﺨﻠﮔ
ا ﺖﺤﺗ و هﺪﺷ نﺎﺘﻣ ي
ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻌﺒﻨﻣ ،صﺎﺧ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ د
ي .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا
ﻦﯿﻣز ﻪﮑﻨﯾا ﻪﻧﺎﺨﻠﮔ يﺎﻫزﺎﮔ دﺎﺠﯾا ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﯽﺑﻻﺎﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ يا
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ياﺮﺑ يرﺎﮑﻫار ﺎﯾ نآ
ﺎﻫ ،كﺎﺧ ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو ﻪﺑ
ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑ بﻻﺎﺗ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ عﻮﻧ و ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ راد د Zedler and Kercher, 2005) .(
نآ ﯽﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ناﺰﯿﻣ و بﻻﺎﺗ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﮐا دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﯽﻣ بآ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ رد شور ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
مﺎﺠﻧا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻦﯾا رد يدﺎﯾز ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ و ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ نﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ .دﺮﯿﮔ ) ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﻪﻨﯿﻣز Zedler and Kercher, 2005;
Panda et al., 2015 ﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .(
زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و يروﺎﻨﻓ ﻪﻌ
لﺪﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا هزوﺮﻣا ،ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ رد ﺮﺗﻮﯿﭙﻣﺎﮐ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﯿﺒﺷ ياﺮﺑ يﺮﺗﻮﯿﭙﻣﺎﮐ رد ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﮐا يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ يزﺎﺳ
مﻮﺑ ﺖﺴﯾز ) ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺸﮔ لواﺪﺘﻣ ،ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ يﺎﻫ
Sato et al.,
.(2007 لﺪﻣ ﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﺎﺑ ،يﺮﺗﻮﯿﭙﻣﺎﮐ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﺿﺎﯾر يزﺎﺳ
ﺶﯿﭘ نﺎﮑﻣا ﺮﯿﮔرد يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ اﺮﻓ ﯽﻨﯿﺑ
و ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾ
ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﺮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا يﺎﻫ
يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ار ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ و ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ ،ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ .ﺪﻧزﺎﺳ
لﺪﻣ زا هزوﺮﻣا هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺢﻄﺳ رد يﺮﺗﻮﯿﭙﻣﺎﮐ يﺎﻫ
ياﺮﺑ يا
هﺪﻨﯾﻻآ ﺮﺛا ﺶﺠﻨﺳ هﺮﮑﯿﭘ ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻠﺨﺗ يﺎﻫ
رد ﯽﺑآ يﺎﻫ
ﯾژﻮﻟورﺪﯿﻫ و ﯽﯾاﻮﻫ و بآ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫﻮﯾرﺎﻨﺳ ... و ﯽﮑ
ﯽﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا لﺪﻣ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ .دﻮﺷ
ﻪﺑ ردﺎﻗ ،زﺎﺳ ﻪﯿﺒﺷ يﺎﻫ
هﺮﮑﯿﭘ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا و هدﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ لﺎﻤﻋا تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑآ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﺖﻗد ﻪﺑ ار هﺪﺷ ﺬﺧا تﺎﻤﯿﻤﺼﺗ ﯽﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺶﯿﭘ ﯽﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ لﺪﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .ﺪﻨﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﯽﻨﯿﺑ
يﺮﺗﻮﯿﭙﻣﺎﮐ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺒﻟا ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ مأﻮﺗ ﺖﺴﯾﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ و ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ﺶﯾﺎﭘ
هﺮﮑﯿﭘ ﮏﯿﻣﺎﻨﯾدورﺪﯿﻫ و يژﻮﻟورﺪﯿﻫ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﺑآ يﺎﻫ
ﻦﯾازا ﻪﯿﺒﺷ لﺪﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ور تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ زﺎﺳ
ﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺑآ هﺮﮑﯿﭘ ﯽﮑﯿﻣﺎﻨﯾدورﺪﯿﻫ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ يزﺎﺳ
ار ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا و لﺎﻘﺘﻧا و ﺖﺷﻮﻧﺮﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ) ﺖﺳا يروﺮﺿ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد Chapra, 1997
.(
لﺎﺳ رد ﺎﻫ ي ﺧا ﯿ ﺮ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﻫ ي ﻣ ﯿ ﻧاﺪ ﯽ ﺒﺷ و ﯿ ﻪ زﺎﺳ ي ﺎﻫ ي
ﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﯿ ﺮﺗﻮ ي ﺴﺑ ﯿ رﺎ ي ياﺮﺑ ﭘﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿ ﻨ ﯽ ﻣ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ و ﯿ
ناﺰ
ﮔدﻮﻟآ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي دورو ي بﻻﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ و ﺎﻫ زرا ﯾ ﺑﺎ ﯽ ارﺎﮐ ﯽﯾ نآ رد ﺎﻫ
ﮐ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﯿ ﻔ ﯿ ﺖ بآ ﺎﻫ ي ﺤﻄﺳ ﯽ
، هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ .ﺖﺳا
ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ
ﭘ ﻪﺑ ﯿ ﭽ ﯿ ﮔﺪ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي
،ﻢﮐﺎﺣ لﺪﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﯿ ﺮﺗﻮ ي راﺰﺑا ي ﻔﻣ ﯿ ﺪ
اﺮﺑ ي اﯾ هﺪ زادﺮﭘ ي ﻂﯿﺤﻣ و يراﺬﮔرﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد
اﯾ دﺎﺠ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ . ﻪﻨﯿﻣز ﻦﯾا رد ﻧﺎﺘﺳﻮﺑ
ﯽ و نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ) 2003 (
ﻪﺑ ماﺪﻗا لﺪﻣ زﺎﺳ ي رﺎﺘﻓر يﺪﻌﺑود ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ يرﻮﺷ رد بﻻﺎﺗ
ﯽﻟﺰﻧا ار ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا لﺪﻣ MIKE21 يدﺪﻋ
ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ . رد
ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ لﺪﻣ زﺎﺳ ي
، ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﯽﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺮﯿﻈﻧ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ زاﺮﺗ بآ
د يﺎﯾر
،رﺰﺧ يدورو ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور ﺎﻫ و دﺎﺑ رد ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ هﺪﺷ
ﺖﺳا . او ﯾ ﺖ و نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ )
2005 ( زا ﻟﺪﻣ ﯽ ﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﯽ GIS ﺮﺑ اﺮﺑ
ي ﭘﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿ ﻨ ﯽ ﺎﭘ ﯾ راﺪ ي بﻻﺎﺗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ . اﯾ ﻦ لﺪﻣ
راﺰﺑا ي ﻔﻣ ﯿ ﺪ اﺮﺑ ي ﻌﺗ ﯿﯿ ﻦ ﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ ي ﺎﻫ ي ﻣﺮﺗدﻮﺧ ﯿ ﻤ ﯽ بﻻﺎﺗ
ﻪﺑ شور ﻪﺳ ﺪﻌﺑ ي رد ﺘﺧا ﯿ رﺎ راﺮﻗ هداد ﺳا ﺖ . ﺴﻤﺷ ﺮﻫﺎﻃ ﯽ
ﮑﻤﻫ و نارﺎ ) 2009 ( ﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﯽ ﻌﺿو ﯿ ﺖ و ﮏﯿﻣﺎﻨﯾدورﺪﯿﻫ
ﯽﻟﺰﻧا بﻻﺎﺗ رد ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ نﮋﯿﺴﮐا ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد .ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ رد بآ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ
يﺪﻌﺑود يدﺪﻋ لﺪﻣ زا ،ﯽﻟﺰﻧا بﻻﺎﺗ MIKE21
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا . رد اﯾ ﻦ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺟ ﮏﯿﻣﺎﻨﯾدورﺪﯿﻫ ﯾ
نﺎ ﺒﺷ ﯿ ﻪ زﺎﺳ ي
هﺪﺷ ﻧ درﻮﻣ نﮋﯿﺴﮐا و ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ زﺎﯿ
COD) ﻪﺑ ( ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ناﻮﻨﻋ
ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ
،ﯽﻟﺰﻧا بﻻﺎﺗ رد ﯽﻟآ يﺎﻫ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ
.
ﺒﺳ ﮏ ﺣور ﯿ ﻪ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )
2017 ( ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ ﺮ ﻫ ﯿ ﻟورﺪ ﯿ ﮏ بﻻﺎﺗ
ﻟﺎﮕﭼ و بﻻﺎﺗ ﻞﮑﺷ) ﯽ
ﮔ ﯿ ﻫﺎ نﺎ ( ﺮﺑ ﻔﺼﺗ ﮥﯿ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ بﻼﺿﺎﻓ
ار دﺪﻋ لﺪﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ي
ﺪﻌﺑ ود ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ي
ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .
ﺳﺎﺑﺮﮐ ﯽ ) نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و 2017
( ﺎﺑ هﺮﻬﺑ ﮔ ﯿ ﺮ ي وژﺎﻣ زا ل
ﻫ ﯿ دورﺪ ﯾ ﻣﺎﻨ ﯿ FM ﮏ و ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﮐا هﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ECO Lab
مﺮﻧ راﺰﻓا MIKE 3
، ﮔﺪﻨﮐاﺮﭘ ﯽ لﻮﻠﺳ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا و ﺎﻫ
ي ﮑﺒﻠﺟ ﯽ
ﺮﻀﻣ رد ﺤﻣ ﯿ ﻂ ﺎﻫ ي ﺑآ ﯽ ار ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ا .
ﯾ نﺎﺸ ﺑﺎ
ﺒﺷ ﯿ ﻪ زﺎﺳ ي ﻫ ﯿ دورﺪ ﯾ ﻣﺎﻨ ﯿ ﮏ ﮐ و ﯿ ﻔ ﯿ ﺖ بآ
، زﻮﺗ ﯾ ﻊ ﻓوﺮﻠﮐ ﯿ a ﻞ
ﻗﺮﺷ بﻮﻨﺟ ﻞﺣاﻮﺳ رد ﯽ
اﯾ ناﺮ ار ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ . ﭽﻤﻫ ﻦﯿﻨ
ﺎﺑ ﮥﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻟﺪﻣ ﯽ دﺪﻋ ي ﻪﺑ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ و ﺶﻘﻧ ﮥﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ
بﻻﺎﺗ ﺎﻫ ي ﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﯽ ز ﯾ ﺤﻄﺳﺮ ﯽ بآ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ يﺎﻘﺗرا رد
يدورو ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ Yuan et al., 2020)
.(
رد ﻤﻫ ﯿ ﻦ لﺎﺳ
ﻫ ﯿ ﻟورﺪ ﯿ ﮏ ﻠﺧاد ﯽ و ﺮﺛا دﺎﺑ رد ﺮﺟ ﯾ نﺎ ﺤﻄﺳ ﯽ ﮏﯾ بﻻﺎﺗ
زﺎﺳ ﺖﺳد ﺪﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﻪﮐ زا هز بآ ﺎﻫ ي زروﺎﺸﮐ ي ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ
ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ Pugliese et al., 2020) .(
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺞ ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ﯾا ي نﺎﺸ
نﺎﺸﻧ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻫد ﻪﮐ رد ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻢﮐ ﻖﻤﻋ
، شزو دﺎﺑ رد ﺖﻬﺟ
ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺟ ﯾ نﺎ
، ﺚﻋﺎﺑ طﻼﺘﺧا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ و ﺶﺧﺮﭼ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ بآ
بﻻﺎﺗ رد ﻣ
ﯽ دﻮﺷ . ﻦﯾا رد ﺎﺑ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﮐﺄﺗ
ﯿ ﺪ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺮﺑ
رد بﻻﺎﺗ ﯽﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳﻮﮐا ﺤﻣ
ﯿ ﻂ ﺎﻫ ،ﺖﺧﺎﺳ نﺎﺴﻧا و ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ي
ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ نآ ﺎﻫ يﺎﻘﺗرا رد ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ
بآ ﺎﻫ درﻮﻣ ﯽﺤﻄﺳ ي ﮐﺄﺗ
ﯿ ﺪ
مﺎﺠﻧا ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ و ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ،هﺪﺷ ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ ﺮ ﺶﺨﭘ و لﺎﻘﺘﻧا رد بﻻﺎﺗ ﮏﯿﻣﺎﻨﯾدورﺪﯿﻫ و ﻞﮑﺷ
ﻻآ ﯾ هﺪﻨ ﺎﻫ رد .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ طﻮﺴﺒﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ لﺎﺳ
ﺎﻫ ي
ﺮﯿﺧا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﻂﺑاور ﯽﺿﺎﯾر ياﺮﺑ ﺒﺷ ﯿ ﻪ زﺎﺳ ي ﮏﯿﻣﺎﻨﯾدورﺪﯿﻫ
ﯾژﻮﻟﻮﮐا رﺎﺘﻓر و ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا بﻻﺎﺗ ﯽﮑ
لﺪﻣ زﺎﺳ يﺮﺗﻮﯿﭙﻣﺎﮐ ي
راﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ ،ﺮﯿﮔرد يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ تﺎﯿﺑﺮﺠﺗ .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ
لﺪﻣ ﻦﯾا يﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ،دﻮﺟﻮﻣ دوﺪﺤﻣ ﻪﯿﺒﺷ رد ﺎﻫ
يزﺎﺳ
زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا نﺎﮑﻣا و هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﺑﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ار هﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ نآ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ يﺎﻘﺗرا و ﺖﯾﺮﯾﺪﻣ ياﺮﺑ نرﺪﻣ يراﺰﺑا
بﻻﺎﺗ ﺎﻫ درﻮﻣ ار ﮐﺄﺗ ﯿ ﺪ .ﺖﺳا هداد راﺮﻗ
شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻘﻄﻨﻣ رد نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ نﺎﺘﺳا رد ﺮﻓﻮﻠﯿﻧ ﻞﮔ بﻻﺎﺗ ﮥ
ﻼﮐرﺪﯿﺣ
ﻦﯾا .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻊﻗاو ﻞﺑﺎﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ ﯽﻗﺮﺷ يﺪﻨﺑﺮﻤﮐ رد ﻊﻗاو ﺮﻬﺷ ﯽﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻢﯾﺮﺣ رد بﻻﺎﺗ ﻪﺘﺷاد راﺮﻗ
ﯿﺣﺎﻧ زا ﯽﺘﻤﺴﻗ و ﮥ
هﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔﺮﺑرد ﯽﺣاﻮﻧ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ و ﯽﻧﻮﮑﺴﻣ نآ فاﺮﻃا ﻣز
ﻦﯿ يﺎﻫ
ﺮﯾﺎﺑ و يزروﺎﺸﮐ ﺖﺳا
دوﺪﺣ رد بﻻﺎﺗ ﻞﮐ ﺖﺣﺎﺴﻣ . 35
نازروﺎﺸﮐ و ﺖﺳا عﺎﺸﻣ ﺖﯿﮑﻟﺎﻣ ياراد ﻪﮐ هدﻮﺑ رﺎﺘﮑﻫ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ رد ﻼﮐ هﺰﻤﺣ و ﻼﮐ ﯽﺟﺎﺣ ،ﻼﮐرﺪﯿﺣ يﺎﻫﺎﺘﺳور ﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺞﻧﺮﺑ ﺖﺸﮐ ياﺮﺑ نآ ﻪﺑﺎﻘﺣ زا ﺖﺳد د
ﻣ ه ﯽ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻖﻤﻋ . ﻦﯿﺑ بﻻﺎﺗ
2 - 5 لﺎﺳ زا ﯽﻠﻌﻓ ﺖﯿﻌﺿو رد و هدﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ 1352
ﻫ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻠﻘﺛ يﺮﯿﮕﺑآ شور ﺎﺑ ،ﻼﮐرﺪﯿﺣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ نﺎﯿﯾﺎﺘﺳور ﺖﻤ
دورﺎﻗآ زﺎﺳ ﺖﺳد ﺮﻬﻧ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا دوﺮﻠﺑﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور زا
، ثاﺪﺣا
هﺮﻬﺑ درﻮﻣ و هﺪﺷ رادﺮﺑ
ي ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ .
ياراد بﻻﺎﺗ
ﯽﻧ ،ﯽﺑادﺮﻣ ﻪﻟﻻ و ﯽﻟﺎﮔ و ﺞﻠﻣ زا ﻢﻋا عﻮﻨﺘﻣ ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ عاﻮﻧا و ﺶﯿﻤﻗ و ﯽﯾﻮﻟ ،ﯽﺑآ ﮏﺳﺪﻋ ،ﺪﻨﺑ ﺖﻔﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ و نﺎﮔﺪﻧﺮﭘ زا ﻢﻋا يﺰﺑآ نارﻮﻧﺎﺟ و نﺎﯿﻫﺎﻣ و ﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ و ﯽﻣﻮﺑ
ﻒﻠﻋ رﻮﭙﮐ و درز رﻮﭙﮐ و ﯽﻫﺎﻣ كدرا و ﺺﺨﻠﯿﺗ و راﻮﺧ
.ﺖﺳا دﻮﺧ ﻞﺧاد و نﻮﻣاﺮﯿﭘ رد يرﺰﺧ ﺖﺸﭙﮐﻻ ﺖﺴﺨﻧ
ﺎﻬﻨﺗ بﻻﺎﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
نازروﺎﺸﮐ يرﺎﯿﺑآ ياﺮﺑ و
ﻣز ﻦﯿ يﺎﻫ
فاﺮﻃا يزروﺎﺸﮐ ﯽﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﻫﺎﻣ شروﺮﭘ و
ﺎﻣا .ﺪﺷ زا
لﺎﺳ 1396 ﯾﺪﻣ ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﺎﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻌﺑ و ﯽﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺖﯾﺮ
ﻪﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﺑ يرادﺮﻬﺷ ﺮﻈﻨﻣ و ﺎﻤﯿﺳ يﺮﻬﺷ هﺎﮕﺤﯾﺮﻔﺗ ﮏﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯽﯾاﺮﯿﭘزﺎﺑ و ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ صﺎﺼﺘﺧا و يداﺪﻣﺎﺑ)
،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 1399
( ﻞﮑﺷ . 1 بﻻﺎﺗ و ﻞﺑﺎﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻞﮔ
ﺮﻓﻮﻠﯿﻧ رد ﻦﯾا ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﺮﻬﺷ .ﺪﻫد
ﻞﮑﺷ 1 . ﺸﻘﻧ يور ﺮﻓﻮﻠﯿﻧ ﻞﮔ بﻻﺎﺗ ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﺑﺎﺑ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﮥ
،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و يداﺪﻣﺎﺑ) ﻞ 1399
(
زا ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ ﺮﻈﻧ زا بﻻﺎﺗ ﻦﯾا 3
ﻪﭽﺿﻮﺣ هﺪﺷ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ
ﺖﺳا ﻞﺼﻓ رد بﻻﺎﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻞﺼﺘﻣ ﻢﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺮﯾز زا ﻪﮐ
سﻮﺗﻮﻟ) ﯽﺑادﺮﻣ ﻪﻟﻻ ﻞﮔ زا ﺪﺷر رد و ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هﺪﯿﺷﻮﭘ (1
ﻪﭽﺿﻮﺣ هرﺎﻨﮐ بوﺎﻨﺘﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ هﺪﯿﯾور ﯽﻧ نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﺎﻫ
ﻣ حﻼﺻا ﯽ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻌﺳو
و ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﮐا ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ نﺎﮔﺪﻧﺮﭘ ،نآ نﺪﻧﺎﻣ هدرﻮﺨﻧ ﺖﺳد يدوﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ و بﻻﺎﺗ
ﻦﯾا رد يدﺎﯾز هدوﺪﺤﻣ
ﯽﮔﺪﻧز ﯽﻣ ياراد بﻻﺎﺗ .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ 1
بآ دورو ياﺮﺑ يدورو ﺮﻬﻧ
ياراد و نآ ﻞﺧاد ﻪﺑ دورﺎﻗآ 8
زا يداﺪﻌﺗ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻞﺼﻓ رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﺟوﺮﺧ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻦﯾا
ﺟوﺮﺧ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ﯿﻣز ﻪﺑ بآ دورو ياﺮﺑ ﻦ
ﻪﯿﺷﺎﺣ يزروﺎﺸﮐ يﺎﻫ
ﻣ زﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﯽﺟوﺮﺧ ﺮﻄﻗ . ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻟﻮﻟ و هﺪﻨﻫد لﺎﺼﺗا يﺎﻫ
ﻪﭽﺿﻮﺣ ﺎﻫ ﻢﻫ ﻪﺑ 50 ﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺖﺳا . نﺎﯾﺮﺟ دورو ﻞﺤﻣ رد
لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻪﭽﯾرد و ﺰﯾرﺮﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﯽﺑد ناﺰﯿﻣ بﻻﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . ﺎﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ
،نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﯽﺑد بآ لﻮﺼﻓ رد يدورو
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ - زا نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﻊﻄﻗ ﺎﯾ ﯽﺑﻼﯿﺳ صﺎﺧ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ زا ﺮﯿﻏ
ﺖﺳدﻻﺎﺑ - ﯽﻠﯿﺧ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ هدﻮﺒﻧ رﺎﻬﺑ ﻞﺼﻓ رد نآ راﺪﻘﻣ و
153 / 0 نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ رد ،ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ ﺮﺑ ﺐﻌﮑﻣﺮﺘﻣ 157
/ 0 ﺰﯿﯾﺎﭘ رد ،
273 / 0 نﺎﺘﺴﻣز ﻞﺼﻓ رد ، 217
/ 0 ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ ﺮﺑ ﺐﻌﮑﻣﺮﺘﻣ
هزاﺪﻧا .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ ناﺰﯿﻣ
ﺮﻘﺗ يدورو ﯽﺑد ﺎﺑ ﯽﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ ًﺎﺒﯾ
يرﺎﯿﺑآ ياﺮﺑ رﺎﻬﺑ ﻞﺼﻓ ﯽﻃ ﻣز
ﻦﯿ زا ﻪﯿﺷﺎﺣ يزروﺎﺸﮐ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﯿﻠﺨﺗ بﻻﺎﺗ ﻣ
ﯽ و دﻮﺷ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻦﯾا لﻮﻃ رد بآ ﺢﻄﺳ
هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا تاﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﺮﻘﺗ
ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ًﺎﺒﯾ ﺖﺳا . رﺎﻨﮐ رد
ﺖﺴﯾز ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ رد بﻻﺎﺗ ﯽﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳﻮﮐا ﺶﻘﻧ ناﺪﻨﻣ
دﻮﺒﻬﺑ و ﻪﯿﻔﺼﺗ رد ﯽﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ هراﻮﻤﻫ بﻻﺎﺗ ﻦﯾا ،ﻪﯿﺷﺎﺣ ﻦﯾا .ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد دورﺎﻗآ ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور زا يدورو بآ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﺎﺳ رد ﻪﻧﺎﻔﺳﺄﺘﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور ل
ﻪﺑ ﺮﯿﺧا يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻠﺻا ﺶﮑﻫز
،ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ دﻮﺧ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ لﻮﻃ تﻼﺤﻣ ﯽﮕﻧﺎﺧ بﻼﺿﺎﻓ ﻢﺠﺣ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ بﻼﺿﺎﻓ عاﻮﻧا زا ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ
ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﮕﻧﺎﺧ
ﻣ ﺖﯾاﺪﻫ بﻻﺎﺗ ﻞﺧاد ﻪﺑ ار (هﺎﯿﺳ و يﺮﺘﺴﮐﺎﺧ بآ) ﯽ
ﺪﻨﮐ .
لﺎﺳ زا 1396 و ﯽﺤﯾﺮﻔﺗ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻪﺑ بﻻﺎﺗ ﻦﯾا ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﺳﺄﺗ ،يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ تﺎﺴﯿ
ﻖﯿﭼﻻآ و ﺮﺑ نآ ﻪﯿﺷﺎﺣ رد ﯽﯾﺎﻫ يا
ﻪﭽﺿﻮﺣ رد .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ثاﺪﺣا مﻮﻤﻋ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا 1
ﯽﯾﺎﻫﻮﻟاﺪﭘ ،
بﻻﺎﺗ ﻞﺧاد رد يراﻮﺳ ﻖﯾﺎﻗ ﺎﺑ مدﺮﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ ز زا ﯽﯾﺎﺒﯾ يﺎﻫ هدﺎﯿﭘ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺮﯿﺴﻣ .ﺪﻧﺮﺒﺑ هﺮﻬﺑ نآ رد يور
ﻞﺼﻓ رد ﺺﺧﻷﺎﺑ يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ مدﺮﻣ و ﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﺒﻌﺗ بآ ﻪﯿﺷﺎﺣ ﻪﻟﻻ ﯽﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﺎﻫ
ي ﯾدزﺎﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا زا هزور ﺮﻫ ﯽﺑادﺮﻣ ﺪ
ﻣ ﯽ يرادﺮﻬﺷ .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ هدﺮﮐ ﯽﻌﺳ
ﺳﺄﺗ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ تﺎﺴﯿ
ﺮﻬﺷ يزﺎﺳﺎﺒﯾز ياﺮﺑ نآ زا بﻻﺎﺗ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﻆﻔﺣ ياﺮﺑ ﻌﺳﻮﺗ و ﮥ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا يﺮﻬﺷ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ و ﯽﺤﯾﺮﻔﺗ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﮏﯾ
،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و يداﺪﻣﺎﺑ) ﺪﻨﮐ 1399
( .
ﻪﯿﻟوا ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ رد ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور بآ دورو زا ﻞﺒﻗ ،ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ
بﻻﺎﺗ ﻞﺧاد ﻪﺑ
، ﭽﺿﻮﺣ ﮥ ﻣارآ داﻮﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﺒﻌﺗ ﯽﺸ
ﻪﺗ ،ﻦﯿﮕﻨﺳ ﻖﻠﻌﻣ ﺸﻧ
ﯽﻨﯿ ﻪﻟﺎﺑز و ﺎﻫ ي دراو و هﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﻠﯿﻓ ،روﺎﻨﺷ .ﺪﻧﻮﺸﻧ بﻻﺎﺗ
نﺎﻤﻫ رﻮﻃ ،ﺪﺷ هرﺎﺷا ﻪﮐ بﻻﺎﺗ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
رد ﻪﮐ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ و ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﯿﺑ ،ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ هﺪﯿﭽﯿﭘ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ نآ ﻣ خر ﺎﻫ ﯽ ﺪﻫد ﻣ ، ﯽ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻔﺼﺗ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﯿ
ﮥﻧﺎﺧ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ياﺮﺑ
ﻻآ هﺪﻨﯾ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻞﻤﻋ يدورو يﺎﻫ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺮﻓﻮﻠﯿﻧ ﻞﮔ بﻻﺎﺗ .
رد
ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﯽﮔﺪﻨﯾﻻآ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و ﻪﯿﻔﺼﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ
ﻧﺎﺧدور زا يدورو ﮥ
دورﺎﻗآ دﻮﺧ زا ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ .ﺖﺳا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ
دوﺪﺣ) بﻻﺎﺗ يﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﺎﻣ نﺎﻣز 20
- 60 بﻼﺿﺎﻓ ،(زور
ﺺﺧﻷﺎﺑ يدورو بﻻﺎﺗ لﺎﻌﻓ و مﺮﮔ لﻮﺼﻓ رد
ﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ي
ﯽﻣ ﻪﯿﻔﺼﺗ دﻮﺷ
يﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ يﺮﺘﺴﮐﺎﺧ و رﺪﮐ بآ ﻪﮐ ﻪﮐ
هﺪﺷ فﺎﻔﺷ بﻻﺎﺗ زا جوﺮﺧ مﺎﮕﻨﻫ رد يدورو و
زروﺎﺸﮐ نا
ﯽﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا نآ زا ﺖﺳد ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ رﺎﮐ ﺞﻧﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ .
ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ يﺮﮕﺷدﺮﮔ ياﺮﺑ بﻻﺎﺗ ﻦﯾا زا ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻧ بآ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ي ﯿﻔﺼﺗ و ﯽﺤﻄﺳ ﮥ
ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ
بﻼﺿﺎﻓ ﺎﻫ ي ﺰﯿﻧ يدورو ﯽﮕﻧﺎﺧ ﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ﯽ دﻮﺷ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ .
ﻞﮔ دﻮﺟو ﺮﻘﺗ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺑادﺮﻣ ﻪﻟﻻ يﺎﻫ
ًﺎﺒﯾ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﺢﻄﺳ
ﻪﭽﺿﻮﺣ ﻪﺑ ار ﺎﻫ هﺪﻧﺎﺷﻮﭘ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ رﻮﻃ ﺎﻫراﺰﯿﻧ دﻮﺟو ﺰﯿﻧ و ﺪﻧا
هرﺎﻨﮐ رد هﺪﺷ ﺖﯿﺒﺜﺗ بﻻﺎﺗ ﻦﯾا رد ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ،ﺎﻫ
ﺎﺑ بﻻﺎﺗ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ و گرﺰﺑ روﺎﻨﺷ نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ نآ ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ و ﺪﺷر
و تﺎﻔﺴﻓ و تاﺮﺘﯿﻧ بﺬﺟ ﻪﺑ يدورو
،ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ
ﯽﻣ بﺬﺟ دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ار يدورو ﯽﻟآ رﺎﺑ زا ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ ناﺰﯿﻣ .ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
و ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ لﺪﻣ زﺎﺳ ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻦﯾا ﻪﻤﻫ ي
ًﻼﻤﻋ هدﻮﺑ ﻦﮑﻤﻣﺮﯿﻏ
رد نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﮏﯿﻣﺎﻨﯾدورﺪﯿﻫ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا رد و ﯽﻫاﻮﺧ نﮋﯿﺴﮐا ناﺰﯿﻣ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ةﻮﺤﻧ و بﻻﺎﺗ ﺑ
ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﯿ
ﻮﮐا ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ بآ و ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷاﻮﻫ ،ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟ
هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ رﺎﻬﺑ ﻞﺼﻓ لﻮﻃ رد بﻻﺎﺗ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟورﺪﯿﻫ .ﺖﺳا
ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ يرﻮﺌﺗ ﮏﯿﻣﺎﻨﯾدورﺪﯿﻫ لﺪﻣ رد FM
مﺮﻧ راﺰﻓا MIKE3 لﺪﻣ
ﻪﯿﺒﺷ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ يدﺪﻋ بﻻﺎﺗ رد نﺎﯾﺮﺟ يزﺎﺳ
ﺎﻫ ، ﻪﻧﺎﺧدور ،ﺎﻫ
ﯿﻠﺧ ﺞ سﻮﻧﺎﯿﻗا و ﯽﻠﺣﺎﺳ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ و ﺎﻫ ردﺎﻗ لﺪﻣ ﻦﯾا .ﺖﺳا ﺎﻫ
ﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺎﯾﺮﺟ يزﺎﺳ ن
ﻫ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد راﺪﯾﺎﭘﺎﻧ يﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺳ يﺎ
زا ﻢﻋا ﯽﺟرﺎﺧ يﺎﻫوﺮﯿﻧ دﻮﺟو و ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد ﯽﻟﺎﮕﭼ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ
ﯽﻓاﺮﮔورﺪﯿﻫ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد ﺪﻣ و رﺰﺟ و ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷاﻮﻫ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺖﺳا توﺎﻔﺘﻣ DHI, 2014)
(.
لﺪﻣ زﺎﺳ ي لﺪﻣ رد ﯽﺿﺎﯾر
MIKE 3 ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ
ﻞﺣ ﻂﺑاور ﺮﯾوﺎﻧ - ﺲﮐﻮﺘﺳا رد ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺳ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻄﺑار و مﺮﺟ يﺎﻘﺑ ﻢﺘﻨﻣﻮﻣ
ﻪﺑ زﺪﻟﻮﻨﯾر ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ شور
ﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺎﺑ ﺮﯿ
ﻞﺣ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ،ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﯽﻟﺎﮕﭼ و ﯽﮕﺘﻔﺷآ
ﻂﺑاور لﺎﻘﺘﻧا يرﻮﺷ
.ﺖﺳا تراﺮﺣ ﻪﺟرد و
ار ﻂﺑاور ﻦﯾا
ﻣ ﯽ :دﺮﮐ نﺎﯿﺑ ﺮﯾز ﯽﻠﮐ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ
) 1 SS (
ଵ ఘೄమడ
డ௧డ௨ೕ
డ௫ೕൌ
) 2 (
డ௨ (
డ௧డሺ௨డ௫௨ೕሻ
ೕ
ʹȳൌଵఘడ௫డ
݃డ௫డ
ೕ൬ݒ்൬డ௨డ௫
డ௨డ௫ೕ
ೕ൰ െଶଷߜ൰
ݑܵܵ
) 3
డௌ (
డ௧ డ
డ௫ೕ൫ܵݑ൯ ൌ డ
డ௫ೕ൬ܦ௦ డௌ
డ௫ೕ൰ ܵܵ
) 4 డ் (
డ௧ డ
డ௫ೕ൫ܶݑ൯ ൌ డ
డ௫ೕ൬ܦ்డ்
డ௫ೕ൰ ܵܵ
ρ ﻪﮐ لﺎﯿﺳ ﯽﻟﺎﮕﭼ نآ رد
؛ Cs
بآ رد اﺪﺻ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ
.ﺖﺳﺎﯾرد ui
يﺎﺘﺳار رد ﺖﻋﺮﺳ
؛x π
ﺎﺗ ﺲﯿﻟﻮﯾﺮﮐرﻮﺴﻧ P؛
لﺎﯿﺳ رﺎﺸﻓ
؛ gi
ﺶﻧاﺮﮔ رادﺮﺑ
؛ vT
ﻪﺑادﺮﮔ ﺖﺟﺰﻟ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ يا
ﺘﻔﺷآ
2ﻪ δ؛ يﺎﺘﻟد ﺮﮑﻧوﺮﮐ
؛3
يژﺮﻧا k ﯽﺸﺒﻨﺟ شﺎﺸﺘﻏا S؛
و
ﺎﻣد و يرﻮﺷ T
؛ DS
و DT
و رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ نﺎﻣز t
.ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ هﺪﺷ هداد صﺎﺼﺘﺧا مﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ SS
يدورو يﺎﻫ -
زا ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ،دراد هرﺎﺷا ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﯽﺟوﺮﺧ ﻪﻄﺑار
يا ار ﻪﺑ ﻄﺑ ﮥ
ﺖﺳا توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺮﮕﯾد DHI, 2014)
.(
،ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺶﻨﺗ
߬ كﺎﮑﻄﺻا مود ﻪﺟرد نﻮﻧﺎﻗ زا ، ﻪﺑ
ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺮﯾز ﯽﻣ ﺖﺳد :ﺪﯾآ
ఛ್
ఘబൌ ܿݑȁݑȁ (5)
ܿ ﻪﮐ
،گارد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ݑ
و ﺮﺘﺴﺑ يﻻﺎﺑ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ
ߩ .ﺖﺳا بآ ﯽﻟﺎﮕﭼ رد
ﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﮥ ﻪﺳ يﺪﻌﺑ ݑ، رد ﺖﻋﺮﺳ
ﻠﺻﺎﻓ οݖܾ ﮥ ﻞﯾﺎﻓوﺮﭘ ضﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ گارد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ و ﺮﺘﺴﺑ يﻻﺎﺑ
ﻪﻄﻘﻧ و ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻦﯿﺑ ﯽﻤﺘﯾرﺎﮕﻟ ا
ي ﺖﻓﺎﺴﻣ رد οݖܾ
ﺮﺘﺴﺑ يﻻﺎﺑ
ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳا DHI, 2014) (
.
ܿൌ ଵ
ሺభೖ୪୬ሺο್
బሻሻమ (6) ﻪﮐ 4 /
݇ ൌ0 ﻦﻣرﺎﮐ نﻮﻓ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ و4
ݖ يﺮﯾز لﻮﻃ سﺎﯿﻘﻣ
ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﺴﺑ دوﺪﺣ رد
ﯽﺳ ﮏﯾ ) ما 033 / 0 ( ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ
. عﺎﻔﺗرا ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ هدوﺪﺤﻣ رد يﺮﺑز
01 / 0 - 3 / 0
ﻢﮐ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ﻖﺒﻃ و دراد راﺮﻗ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ يﺮﺑز عﺎﻔﺗرا ﺮﺗ
ﻢﮐ ﺒﺗﺮﻣ كﺎﮑﻄﺻا ﺮﺗ ﺲﮑﻌﻟﺎﺑ و ﺖﺳا ﻂ
DHI, 2014) (
.
ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﺑ
رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺒﺷ ﻪﯿ و بﻻﺎﺗ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﮐا يزﺎﺳ
ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺛﺄﺗ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﯽﻫداﻮﻫ ،دﺎﺑ ،ﺎﻣد زا ﻢﻋا ﯽﻤﯿﻠﻗا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺮﯿ و ﺐﯿﺳﺮﺗ ﻢﻋا ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ و ﺪﯿﺷرﻮﺧ رﻮﻧ ،ﺮﯿﺨﺒﺗ و
ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد و ﯽﻟآ داﻮﻣ لاوز ﺛﺄﺗ
بﺬﺟ ﺮﯿ ﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ
ي نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ و ﺎﻫ
ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ رﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ رد زا بﻻﺎﺗ
ﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﯾ لوژﺎﻣ يﺎﻫ
ECOLab مﺮﻧ رد 5
راﺰﻓا .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا Mike
لوژﺎﻣ
ﯽﺘﺳد ندﺮﮐ دراو ياﺮﺑ زﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻀﻓ ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﮐا هﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﮏﯿﺘﻨﯿﺳ ﻂﺑاور ﺶﻨﮐاو
ﺎﻫ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ رد و ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ
ﮏﻣﺎﻨﯾدورﺪﯿﻫ لﺪﻣ ﺎﺑ نﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ردﺎﻗ FM
ﺒﺷ ﻪﯿ يزﺎﺳ
يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ
،لﺎﻘﺘﻧا و ﺶﺨﭘ عاﻮﻧا لﻼﺤﻤﺿا
ﻻآ هﺪﻨﯾ رد ﺎﻫ
ﻂﯿﺤﻣ .ﺖﺳا ﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ
، ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻪﮐ ﯽﺧﺮﻧ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد
ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ
ﯽﻣ ار ﺪﻨﮐ نﺎﯿﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ DHI, 2014) (
. ار ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻦﯾا ﻣ
ﯽ ناﻮﺗ
) ﮥﻄﺑار ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ 7
:دﺮﮐ نﺎﯿﺑ (
) 7
ܲൌௗௗ௧ൌ σୀଵݎܿ݁ݏݏ (
،ﻪﻄﺑار ﻦﯾا رد رد ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏc
لوژﺎﻣ ﻟﻮﮐا ﺐ و
ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﮏﯾ ياﺮﺑ ﺮﯿﮔرد يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ داﺪﻌﺗ n صﺎﺧ
.ﺖﺳا رد ﮥﻟﺎﻘﻣ لﻼﺤﻤﺿا ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ
صﺎﺧ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺎﯾ ﯽﻟآ داﻮﻣ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﯽﻫاﻮﺧ نﮋﯿﺴﮐا
ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ BOD)
ﺐﯾاﺮﺿ ،ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ (6
ﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ
ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺖﺑﺎﺛ نﺎﻣز رد ،هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ
ﻟﺎﺣرد ﯽ ﻪﮐ نﺎﻣز ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫوﺮﯿﻧ
ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ اﻮﺧ دﺮﮐ ﺪﻨﻫ DHI, 2014)
(.
ﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮔراوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﯽﻓﺮﺼﻣ نﮋﯿﺴﮐا راﺪﻘﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﯽﻃ ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ داﻮﻣ نﻮﯿﺳاﺪﯿﺴﮐا 5
ار زور BOD5
نﺎﻤﻫ ﺎﯾ
ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ ﯽﻫاﻮﺧ نﮋﯿﺴﮐا 5
ﻣ هزور ﯽ ﺪﻨﯾﻮﮔ . نﮋﯿﺴﮐا
ﻢﻬﻣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ ﯽﻫاﻮﺧ ﺮﺗ
ﻦﯾ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ
ﺶﺠﻨﺳ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ بآ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ .ﺖﺳا بآ
ﺖﺳا ﯽﺟرﺎﺧ داﻮﻣ زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ
دراو ﻪﮐ نآ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺎﯾ ﻖﻠﻌﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ و هﺪﺷ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ
بآ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ و ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ ،ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻣ
ﯽ دﻮﺷ .
رد داﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻬﯾﺪﺑ بآ
رﺎﺑ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ
هزاﺪﻧا ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .دﻮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ نآ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ راﺪﻘﻣ يﺮﯿﮔ
ﯽﺟرﺎﺧ داﻮﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا بآ رد
،BOD ﯽﻠﺻا ﺪﯿﻠﮐ
ﺗ رد ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯿﯿﻌ بآ
ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و نآ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
ار
ﻣ ﯽ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﮥﯿﻔﺼﺗ رد بﻻﺎﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺼﺧﺎﺷ ناﻮﺗ
ﮔدﻮﻟآ ﯽ ﺖﺴﻧاد ﺎﻫ Federation, Water Environmental, )
and American Public Health Association, 2005 (
.
ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺳ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻠﮐ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ رد ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ ﯽﻫاﻮﺧ نﮋﯿﺴﮐا ﻪﺗ و ﻖﻠﻌﻣ ،لﻮﻠﺤﻣ هﺪﺷ ﻦﯿﺸﻧ
ﯽﻣ ﮏﯿﮑﻔﺗ ماﺪﮐﺮﻫ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ
ﻪﺑ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ رﻮﻃ ﮥﻄﺑار اﺬﻟ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ BOD
ار نﺎﻣز رد ﺎﯾ ﮏﯾ ﺎﺑ
يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ داﺪﻌﺗ ﯽﻣ ﻪﻄﺑار
ناﻮﺗ ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ
دﺮﮐ . هزاﺪﻧا يراﻮﺷد ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﻫ يﺮﯿﮔ
لﻮﻣﺮﻓ رد ،ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ زا لﺪﻣ يﺪﻨﺑ
و ﻞﮐ BOD
ﻪﺳ ﻊﯿﻤﺠﺗ ﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﻄﺑار ﮏﯾ رد BOD
) ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدﺎ DHI,
ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ .(2014 ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺳ ﻊﯿﻤﺠﺗ ﺎﺑ
رد BOD ﮏﯾ
تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ خﺮﻧ ﻪﻄﺑار ،ﻪﻄﺑار ارBOD
ﻣ ﯽ ﺮﯾز ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ
:ﺖﺷﻮﻧ ) 8
ௗை (
ௗ௧ ൌ െܤܱܦௗ௬
ﻪﮐ
decay
) ﮥﻄﺑار ﮏﻤﮐ ﺎﺑ دﻮﺧBOD 9
ﻒﯾﺮﻌﺗ ( ﻣ ﯽ :دﻮﺷ
) 9 ( ܤܱܦୢୣୡୟ୷ൌ ܭଷǤ ܤܱܦǤ ߠଷሺ்ିଶሻǤ ை
ைାுௌ̴ை
ﯽﻌﻗاو ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ܤܱܦ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ ﯽﻫاﻮﺧ نﮋﯿﺴﮐا
ﺮﺑ
/l ﺐﺴﺣ mg O2
ܭଷ ، ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺐ ﻟآ داﻮﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯽ
ﺎﻣد رد ي 20
ﺟرد ﮥ ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯽ داﺮﮔ 1/day) ߠଷ ،(
،سﻮﯿﻧرآ ﯽﯾﺎﻣد ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ܦܱ
نﮋﯿﺴﮐا ﯽﻌﻗاو ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ
/l mg O2
ܪ̴ܵܤܱܦ و
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻧﯿ ﻪﻤ ﺎﺒﺷا ﺴﮐا ع ﯿ نﮋ اﺮﺑ BOD ي /l) mg O2
ﺖﺳا (
DHI, 2014) لاوز خﺮﻧ ﯽﻠﮐ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ .(
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ BOD
ﺘﺳد ـ ﯿﺴﮐا ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳﺮ ـ
ﻓا نﮋ ـ ﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰ ـ ﯽ ﻣا ﺪﺑﺎﯾ ـ ﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﺎ ـ دﻮﺟو ﻞ زا ﯽﺼﺨﺸﻣ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻦﯾا ،نﮋﯿﺴﮐا عﺎﺒﺷا رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ
ﻪﮐاﺮﭼ ،ﺖﺳا ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻞﺑﺎﻗ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ نﮋﯿﺴﮐا ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺴﮐا
ﯿ نﮋ
بآ رد راﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﯽ ﻗ ﺮﺿ .ﺖﺳا ﻞﺣ ﻞﺑﺎ ﯾ
ﺐ عﺎﺒﺷا
ﺴﮐا ﯿ نﮋ ﺖﺳا ﯽﺑﺮﺠﺗ يراﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ
ﻧﯿ ﻪﻤ لاوز خﺮﻧ رد عﺎﺒﺷا دراو BOD
ﻪﻄﺑار ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ زا و
عﺎﺒﺷا ﺐﯾﺮﺿ .ﺖﺳا توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺮﮕﯾد ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻤﺘﺴﯿﺳ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ) اﻮﻫ رﺎﺸﻓ و ﺎﻣد ،يرﻮﺷ ﻪﺑ بآ رد نﮋﯿﺴﮐا رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ و دراد ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑ (ﺎﯾرد ﺢﻄﺳ زا عﺎﻔﺗرا رد ﯽﺘﻗو ﯽﻠﮐ
ﺮﺘﻤﮐ بآ رد لﻮﻠﺤﻣ نﮋﯿﺴﮐا راﺪﻘﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ دﺎﯾز ﺎﻣد و يرﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ) دﻮﺷ Amrizal, 2005 .(
ﻞﮑﺷ 2 ﻪﯿﺒﺷ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ رد يزﺎﺳ
ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ مﺎﮔ ﻪﺑ مﺎﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ار ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا ﻦﯾا رد .ﺪﻫد
مﺮﻧ راﺰﻓا لﺪﻣ ، ﯽﮑﯿﻟورﺪﯿﻫ يزﺎﺳ لوژﺎﻣ رد
ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ FM
ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ و ﯽﺘﺸﮔﺮﺑ و ﺖﻓر لﺪﻣ
زﺎﺳ د ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﮐا ي لﺪﻣ ر
ECOLab مﺎﺠﻧا
ﻣ ﯽ ﮔ ﯿ دﺮ ﯽﮔﺪﯿﺸﺨﭘ و طﻼﺘﺧا ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد .
ﻻآ ﯾ هﺪﻨ ﺎﻫ زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ نآ ﺐﯿﺳﺮﺗ و لاوز ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ رد
،ﺮﯿﺨﺒﺗ ،ﯽﻫداﻮﻫ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ﺛﺄﺗ
ﯿ ﺮ ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ،ﺪﯿﺷرﻮﺧ رﻮﻧ
لﺪﻣ ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ بﺬﺟ و ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ يزﺎﺳ
.دﻮﺷ
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻪﺑ يﺎﻫ لﺪﻣ زا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ يزﺎﺳ
ﺪﯿﻣ تاﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ زا رد و هﺪﺷ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﺟوﺮﺧ ﻞﺤﻣ رد ﯽﻧا
ﯽﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا لﺪﻣ ﺖﻗد ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻣادا رد ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﯾا .دﻮﺷ
و يرﺎﯿﺑآ و يزروﺎﺸﮐ رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ياﺮﺑ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﺤﻄﺳ يرﺎﺠﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﯿﻠﺨﺗ لوﺪﺟ) دﻮﺷ
1 .(
هزﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ياﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﺮﮐذ لوﺪﺟ رد BOD5
1 زا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﺑ
بآ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﺮﯾا يﺎﻫ
ﻂﺑاﻮﺿ ،تارﺮﻘﻣ ،ﻦﯿﻧاﻮﻗ و نا
ﻂﯿﺤﻣ يﺎﻫدراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا و ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﺖﺴﯾز
ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺖﺴﯾز ﺖﺳا ناﺮﯾا ،ﯽﺘﻤﺣر و يﺮﻋﺎﺷ)
1391 .(
لوﺪﺟ 1 . فﺮﺼﻣ ياﺮﺑ بآ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ يﺎﻫدراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ
ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ بآ و يزروﺎﺸﮐ ،بﺮﺷ ﯽﻫﺎﻣ شروﺮﭘ
دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا) ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ بآ يﺎﻫ ،ناﺮﯾا 1395 ( BOD5
ﻠﺨﺗ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﻪﯿ
بآ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺤﻄﺳ يﺎﻫ 30
يزروﺎﺸﮐ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا يرﺎﯿﺑآ و
100
ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺖﻇﺎﻔﺣ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﺖﺴﯾز
نﺎﯿﻫﺎﻣ شروﺮﭘ ياﺮﺑ هوﺮﮔ
1 ﻢﮐ
زا ﺮﺗ 3
هوﺮﮔ 2 ﻢﮐ
زا ﺮﺗ 6
بﺮﺷ يﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ياﺮﺑ بآ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﻢﮐ
ﺮﺗ زا 3
- هوﺮﮔ 1 . ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳﻮﮐا يﺎﻫ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ياﺮﺑ نﺎﯿﻫﺎﻣ ﺮﺳ ﯽﺑآد
-
هوﺮﮔ 2 . ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳﻮﮐا يﺎﻫ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ياﺮﺑ نﺎﯿﻫﺎﻣ مﺮﮔ ﯽﺑآ
ﻞﮑﺷ 2 . مﺎﺠﻧا ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ لﺪﻣ
زﺎﺳ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا رد ي
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ لﺪﻣ زﺎﺳ ي ﮏﯿﻣﺎﻨﯾدورﺪﯿﻫ بﻻﺎﺗ
مﺮﻧ رد ﮏﯾﺎﻣ راﺰﻓا
ﺪﻨﻣزﺎﯿﻧ ﮥﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻪﺑ هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ
ا ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا زا ي زا ﻢﻋا
هداد ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷاﻮﻫ رﺪﯿﻫ ،
ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟو ﯽﮑﯿﻟورﺪﯿﻫ و
.ﺖﺳا
هﺮﮑﯿﭘ ياﺮﺑ دﺎﺑ ،ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﯽﺑآ يﺎﻫ
ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﺗ ﻦﯾ دﺎﺠﯾا ﻞﻣﺎﻋ
تﺎﻧﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﯽﻣ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ بآ ﻖﻤﻋ و ﺢﻄﺳ رد دﻮﺷ
ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .
لﺪﻣ ﻖﯿﻗد يزﺎﺳ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻫ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ تﺎﻧﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﻦﯾا
،ﯽﺑآ ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﯽﻧﺎﮑﻣ و ﯽﻧﺎﻣز ﺖﻗد ﺎﺑ دﺎﺑ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﺪﻨﻣزﺎﯿﻧ
هداد ﻊﺟﺮﻣ .ﺖﺳا ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ دﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﮑﺸﺧ رد ﯽ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﯿﮔ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﯾا يﺎﻫ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷاﻮﻫ رﺎﯿﺳ و ﺖﺑﺎﺛ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻠﺤﻣ ،
هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﯿﮔ ا يﺎﻫ ﯾ هﺎﮕﺘﺴ ﺎﻫ ﮏﯿﺘﭘﻮﻨﯿﺳ ي هزاﺪﻧا ،
يﺮﯿﮔ يﺎﻫ
هراﻮﻫﺎﻣ لﺪﻣ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﯾ يا رد .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷاﻮﻫ يﺎﻫ
هداد زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا ﺎﻫ
ي ﻞﯿﺧاﺮﻗ ﮏﯿﺘﭘﻮﻨﯿﺳ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﯾا ياﺮﺑ
جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا هداد ﺎﻫ ي ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷاﻮﻫ ا ﻢﻋا
ز شرﺎﺑ و ﺮﯿﺨﺒﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ
اﻮﻫ يﺎﻣد و دﺎﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ و ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ،ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
.ﺖﺳا هﺪ
هﺎﮕﺘﺴﯾا ﻦﯾا
ًادوﺪﺣ ﮥﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺎﺑ 12
زا يﺮﺘﻣﻮﻠﯿﮐ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ
ﮏﯾدﺰﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ هﺎﮕﺘﺴﯾا ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷاﻮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﮏﯿﺘﭘﻮﻨﯿﺳ
بﻻﺎﺗ
بﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﻣ
ﯽ دﻮﺷ هداد . ﺎﻫ ي ،بﻻﺎﺗ ﻖﻤﻋ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﮑﯿﻟورﺪﯿﻫ ﯽﺑد
و ﺖﻋﺮﺳ يدورو بآ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺰﯿﻧ
و نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ
ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ ﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا ه ناﺰﯿﻣ . يدورو نﺎﯾﺮﺟBOD
ﻪﮐ
ياﺮﺑ عوﺮﺷ ﺒﺷ ﯿ ﻪ زﺎﺳ ي زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ بﻻﺎﺗ ﺎﺑ ،ﺖﺳا
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يرادﺮﺑ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ و يدورو بآ
رد لﻮﺼﻓ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ لﺎﺳ
1398 هزاﺪﻧا ﮔ ﯿ ﺮ ي ﻪﺑ و ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ يدورو لﺪﻣ
ﻪﺋارا ﺪﺷ . رد
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا ﺒﺷ
ﯿ ﻪ زﺎﺳ لﻮﻃ رد بﻻﺎﺗ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﮐا ي ﻞﺼﻓ
و ﺪﺷر ﻞﺼﻓ عوﺮﺷ ﻪﮑﻧآ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا رﺎﻬﺑ .ﺖﺳا بﻻﺎﺗ يﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑ
هﻮﺤﻧ
و لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﺸﺨﭘ ﯽﮔﺪﯿ ﻻآ ﯾ هﺪﻨ ﺎﻫ
، عوﺮﺷ رد ﺒﺷ
ﯿ ﻪ زﺎﺳ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ي
ﻦﮐﺎﺳ بﻻﺎﺗ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ و
هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺮﻔﺻ BOD
.ﺖﺳا ﻪﭽﺿﻮﺣ ﻪﺑ يدورو) بﻻﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ يدورو نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﯽﺑد 1
(
3/s 153 m / 0 D و يدورو بآ BO 5 mg/l
/ 5 هزاﺪﻧا ﮔ ﯿ ﺮ ي
ﯽﺳﻮﺴﺤﻣ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ رﺎﻬﺑ ﻞﺼﻓ لﻮﻃ رد ،ود ﺮﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧ ﺪﻧا . ﯽﻧﺎﻣز هزﺎﺑ 3
ﯽﻧﺎﻣز مﺎﮔ داﺪﻌﺗ و ﺖﻋﺎﺳ 735
،
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ لﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺼﻓ ﮏﯾ لدﺎﻌﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد .
زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺒﺷ
ﯿ ﻪ زﺎﺳ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ رﺎﻬﺑ ﻞﺼﻓ يﺎﻬﺘﻧا رد ي
زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﯽﺗاﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
رادﺮﺑ ي ﺎﻫ ياﺪﺘﺑا ﯽﻧاﺪﯿﻣ ي
.ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ
