ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﺮﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﻞﺣ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﻠﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ∗
ﻩﺩﺮﻤﻫﺩ ﺮﻈﻧ
∗
∗
ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
۴ / ۷ / ۸۴ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
۱۷ / ۱۲ / ۸۴
ﭼ ﻜ ﻩﺪﻴ
ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﻞﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﺮﻛﺭﺎﻛ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﻮﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺭﺎﺠﻔﻧﺍ
ﻱﺎﻫ ٦٢
‐ ١٣٥٨ ﻪـﺿﺮﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻥﺁ ﺭﻮﻬﻇ ﻭ ﺯﻭﺮﺑ ﻭ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﻲﻃ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ
ﻱﺎﻫ ٨٣
‐ ١٣٦٨ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺪﺷ ﺎﺗ ﺖـﺻﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺎـﻛ ﻱﻭﺮـﻴﻧ ﻪـﺿﺮﻋ ﻥﺍﺰـﻴﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﮋﻳﻮﺑ ،ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﻞﻀﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻲﺸﻴﭘ ﻱﺮﻴﮕﻤﺸﭼ ﻮﺤﻧ
ﺭﺎﺸﻗﺍ ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻢﻴـﻈﻋ ﻊﺑﺎـﻨﻣ ﻑﻼـﺗﺍ ﺐﺒـﺳ ﻭ ﺪـﺑﺎﻳ ﺵﺮﺘﺴـﮔ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺏﺎﺘﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ
ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﺜﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﻘﻓ ﻭ ﺞﻧﺭ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺩﻮﺷ
.
ﺵﻼﺗ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﻼﻛ
ﻪﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﻞﻀﻌﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ
ﺵﺮـﮕﻧ ﺕﺍ
ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻢـﻫ ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ ﻡﺭﺎـﻬﭼ ﻭ ﻡﻮﺳ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ،ﻝﻭﺍ
ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸـﻣ ﻲﻳﻮـﺳ
ﻲﻣ ﻮﺷ ﺩ .
ﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻪ ﻱﺍ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻪﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ
ﻱﺎـﻫ ﺶﻴـﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻲـﻨﻴﺑ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻩﮋﻳﻮﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ
ﺖﺳﺩ ﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ ﺮـﺑ ﻢﻛﺎـﺣ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻩﺪﻳﺍ ﻭ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﻣﺁ
ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺎﻛ
ﻱﺎـﻫ ﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻝﺎـﻤﻋﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻮﻧﺎـﻗ ﺩﺍﻮـﻣ ﺐـﻟ
ﻩﺮﺼﺒﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ
ﻝﺎﻐﺘـﺷﺍ ﺩﺎـﺠﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﺖـﻟﻭﺩ ﺖـﻟﺎﺧﺩ ﻭ ﺶﻘﻧ
ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ ،ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ
ﻡﺪﻋ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﺗ ﻲﻣ
ﺩﻮﺷ ) ﻲﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ٤٨
ﺎﺗ ٥٦ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ .(
ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻚﻴﺳﻼﻛﻮﺌﻧ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺩﺮﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻑﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻝﺪﻣ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺖـﺳﺍ
ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﻭ
ﺕﻻﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻚﻳ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺻﻼﺧ ﻡﺮﻓ ﻢﻫ
ﻥﺎـﻣﺯ ﺢﻴـﺿﻮﺗﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﻮـﮕﻟﺍ ﺐـﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ
ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮـﺑ ﺪـﻴﻘﻣﺎﻧ VAR
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺐﻳﺍﺮﺿ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ،
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻴـﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﺭﺎـﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﺛﺍ
ﻲﺸـﺨﺑﺮﺛﺍ ﻥﺩﻮـﺑ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﻞﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻛﺪﻧﺍ ﺪﻧﺍ
.
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ :JEL
.J64
ﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻩﮊﺍﻭ : ﻚﻴﻨﻜﺗ ،ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻢﻫ ﺲـﻜﻋ ﻊﺑﺍﻮﺗ ،ﻲﮕﺘﺷﺎﺒﻧﺍ
،ﻲـﻧﺁ ﻞـﻤﻌﻟﺍ
ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ .
________________________________
________________________________
__
،ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ∗ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ
.
∗ ﺘﺳﺍ∗ ﻗﺍ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻳﺩﺎ
،ﺩﺎﺼﺘ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﭼﻮﻠﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ .
١
‐ ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﺗ ﺶﻟﺎﭼ ﻦﻳ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻛ ﻭ ﺮـﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﻊـﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻪـﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﺎـﺑ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﺩﺎﺼـﺘﻗﺍ ﻲﻧﻮـﻨ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ،ﻊﻴﺳﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﻩﺮﺘﺴﮔ .
ﻲـﺑ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
ﻭ ﻪـﻳﻭﺭ
ﺥﺮﻧ ﻥﺎﺑﺎﺘﺷ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺪﺷﺭ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖـﺻﺮﻓ ﺩﺎـﺠﻳﺍ ﻞﻀـﻌﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺏﻼﻘﻧﺍ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ
ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻻﺎﺑ
ﻪﺑ ﻲﺋﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻧﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻞﻴﺧ ﻛ
ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻪﻟﺎﺳ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻪ
ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﻛ ﺭﺎ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﻣ ، .
ﺭﺩ ﻲﻟﺎﺣ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺎـﺠﻳﺍ ﺮـﺑ ﻲـﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ ﻡﻮـﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ٨
/ ٣
ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ )
ﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻟﺎﺳ ﻂﺳ ٧٦٠
ﺮـﻔﻧ ﺭﺍﺰـﻫ (
،ﺩﻮـﺑ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ
ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ
ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻪﻧﻻﺎﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ٥٧٠
ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﺮﻔﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ
ﺮﻔﻧ ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ ﻚﻳ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ )
ﺐـﻳﺮﻗ ﻪـﺑ ٣٠ ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ ( ﻑﺍﺪـﻫﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ ﺩﻮﺧ .
ﺩﻭﺪـﺣ ﻱﺭﺎـﻜﻴﺑ ﻩﺮـﻴﺧﺫ ﺏﺎﺴـﺘﺣﺍ ﺎﺑ ٢
/ ٢
ﻔﻧ ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻱﺮ
، ١
ﺩﻭﺪـﺣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﻲﻧﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ٢
/ ٣ ﺮـﻔﻧ ﻥﻮـﻴﻠﻴﻣ
ﻱﺎﻳﻮﺟ ﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎ .
ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻟﺎـﺳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰـﻓﺍ ﻦﺘـﺷﺍﺩ ﻅﻮﺤﻠﻣ ﺎﺑ
٧٠٠ ﺮﻔﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ ﻪﺑ
ﻝﺎـﺳ ﺭﺩ ،ﻡﺭﺎـﻬﭼ ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ ١٣٨٨
ﺩﻭﺪـﺣ ٧
/ ٦
ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ
ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻮﻃ ﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻟﺎﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ٣
/ ١
ﺩﻮﺷ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻞﻐﺷ ﺮﻔﻧ ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ .
ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﺳﺍﺪﻴﭘ ﻪﺘﻔﮔﺎﻧ ﻪـﺑ
ﻪـﻧ ﻪﺘـﺷﺬﮔ ﺪـﻧﻭﺭ
ﺖﻴﻓﺮﻇ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ،ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻢﻫ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﺪـﻧ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺧ
. ﺭﺩ
ﻲـﺗﺁ ﻥﺎﻴﻟﺎـﺳ ﻲـﻃ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻛ
ﺎﻤ ـﻛ ﺕﻼﻀـﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺩﺎـﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﻜﻳ ﻥﺎ
ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻛ
ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧﺭﻮﺸ ﺩﻮﺑ
. ﻚﻳ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﺮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻟﺄﺴﻣ
ﻲﻘﻠﺗ ٢
ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺍﺬﻟ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ .
ﺡﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻪﻟﺄﺴﻣ
، ﺩﺮﺒﻫﺍﺭ ﻪﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻭ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ
ﺖـﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻉﻮـﺿﻮﻣ ﺩﺎـﻌﺑﺍ ﻒـﻴﻔﺨﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ .
ﺖـﻬﺟ ﺮـﺑ ﻱﺭﻭﺮـﻣ ﻱﺮـﻴﮔ
ﺎـﻫ ﻱ ﺎـﺣ ﻛ ﺮـﺑ ﻢ
ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺍﺬﮕﺘﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻛ
ﻥﻼ ﻛ ﻳﻮﻣ ﺭﻮﺸ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻋ ﺎﻳ ﺶﺧﺮﭼ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺪ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻄﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻠﺒﻗ ﻛ
ﻲﻣﻼـﺳﺍ ﺏﻼﻘﻧﺍ ﻱﺯﻭﺮﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺖﺴﺨﻧ ﻪﻫﺩ ﻪ ﻪـﺑ
ﺖـﻴﺒﺜﺗ
________________________________
________________________________
__
١
‐ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺕﺍﺪﻨﺘﺴﻣ .
2- problem.
ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻡﺃﻮﺗ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺎﺑ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﺎﺣ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻴﺒﺜﺗ ﻛ
،ﺖـﺷﺬﮔ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﺖﻴﻤ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻪﺼـﺨﺸﻣ ﻪـﺟﻭ
ﺎـﻨﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺯﺎﺑ ﻪـﺑ
ﻳﻭﺭ ،ﻲﻧﺎـﻬﺟ ﻭ ﻲـﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻂﻳﺍﺮـﺷ ﻱﺎﻀـﺘﻗﺍ ـﻜ
ﻞﻳﺪـﻌﺗ ﺩﺮ
ﺖﺸﮔﺯﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻪـﺑ
ﻓ ﻝﻮـﺻﺍ ـﻜ
ﺩﻮﺑﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ ﺩﺎﺼـﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺮ .
ﺭﺩ ﻡﻮـﺳﺮﻣ ﺩﺎﺼـﺘﻗﺍ ﺮـﻜﻔﺗ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻢﻛﺎـﺣ ﻝﺎﻐﺘـﺷﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺚﺤﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﮋﻳﻮﺑ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻟﺎﺳ ﺞﻨﭘ
ﺪﺷ . ﻩﺎﮕﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ
ﻢﻛﺎـﺣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮـﺷ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ،ﻪﺿﺮﻋ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
ﻞﻜﺷ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ
ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﻟﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ـﻛ ﻱﺭﺎـﻜﻴﺑ ﺶﻫﺎ ﻲـﻘﻠﺗ ﻱﺭﻭﺮـﺿ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﺪـﺷﺭ ﻪﻠﻤﺠﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﺥﺮﻧ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ،ﺮﻜﻔﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﺪﻨﻣﺯﺎﻴﻧ ،ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ
ﻭ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻪﺑ
ﺲﭘ ﺥﺮﻧ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ
ﻩﺩﻮـﺑ ﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ
ﻭ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻱﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺎﻛ
ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻳ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ
ﻴﺑ ﻞﺣ ﺮﺑ ﻜ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎ .
ﺕﺎﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭ
ﺭﺍﻭﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ ١
ﻲﻣ ﻨﻫﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ
ﻱﺭﺍﺬـﮔ ﻪـﺑ
ﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺺﻟﺎـﺧﺎﻧ
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﺥﺮﻧ ،ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ
٢ﺪﺑﺎﻳ . ﺽﺮﻓ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺎﺘﺳﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻛ
ﻩﺩﺮ ﻛ ﻪ :
» ﻑﻮﻄﻌﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﺮﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ
ﻞﺣ ﻪﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ .
«
ﻪﺑ ﺬﻣ ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻛ
ﻲﻫﺪﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎـﺳ ﺮـﻳﺯ ﻝﻮﺼـﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﺭﻮ
ﺪﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩ : ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﻣ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘـﺳﺍ ،ﻱﺭﺎـﻜﻴﺑ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺩﺎﺼـﺘﻗﺍ
ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ
ﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﺍﻮـﻣ ﻕﺎـﺒﻄﻧﺍ ﻖـﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﺩﺎﺼـﺘﻗﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﻬﻳﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﺡﻼـﺻﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﺥﺮﻧ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ،ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻡﻮﺳ ﺎﺗ ﻝﻭﺍ
ﻦﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻪـﺑ
ﺮـﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺮـﺛﺍ
ﻱﺎـﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ
ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ،ﻡﺭﻮﺗ ﺥﺮﻧ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻡﻮﺳﺮﻣ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ
ﻭ ﺩﻮﺳ ﺥﺮﻧ ، ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ GDP
.
٢
‐ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ
ﻛ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻴﻠ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﺮـﻴﻈﻧ ﺮـﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﻊﺑﺎـﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
، ILO
ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻚﻧﺎﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺩﺎﻨﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ،
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻛ ﻭ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﺸ
ﺻﺎﻓ ﻪﻠ ١٣٨٣
‐ ١٣٥٨ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ .
ﺎﻨﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣ
ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺏﺎﺴـﺘﺣﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ
ﺩﻮﺧ ﻛ ﺷ ﺭﺎ ﻜ ﺬﻣ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺖﺴ ﻛ
ﺭﻮ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺩﺎﺼـﺘﻗﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻩﺯﺎﺑ ﻭﺩ
________________________________
________________________________
__
1- stylized facts.
2- Kruger, 1997.
) ١٣٦٨
‐ ١٣٥٨ ( ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭ )
١٣٨٣
‐ ١٣٦٨ ( ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺪﺷ . ﻝﻮﺻﺍ ﻛ ﺎـﺣ ﻱﺪﻴﻠ ﻛ
ﺮـﺑ ﻢ
ﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ،ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻣ ﻪ
ﻱﺍ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ
ﺗ ﺯﺍ ،ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻜ
ﻴﻨ ﻚ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﻻﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻢﻫ
ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻭ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎـﻫ ﻱ ﻡﻮـﺳﺮﻣ
ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﺠﻨﺳ ﺖﺳﺍ
.
ﻭ ﻡﺎـﻗﺭﺍ ﻪـﻴﻬﺗ ﻞﻜﺸـﻣ ﺎـﺑ ﺰـﻴﻧ ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦـﻳﺍ ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻭﺮﺑﻭﺭ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺮﺗﺍﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ .
ﺯﺎـﻴﻧ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﻡﺎـﻗﺭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻥﺎـﻘﻘﺤﻣ
ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ
ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻛ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺮﻴﻈﻧ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻞﻣﺎ ﻪﺑ
ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﺥﺮﻧ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻠﻐـﺷ ﻲﻟﺎـﺧ
،١
ﺥﺮـﻧ
ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻞﻐﺷ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﻓﺭ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ،٢
ﺶـﺨﺑ ﺎـﻫ ﻱ ﺭﻮﺸـﻛ ﻲﻠﻐـﺷ
،٣
ﺥﺮـﻧ
ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺶﺧﺮﭼ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ ﺩﺰﻤﺘﺳﺩ ،٤
ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻚﻧﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻲﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ . ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲﻠﺼﻓ ﺎـﻫ
ﻱ ﺭﻮﺸـﻛ ﻱﺩﺎﺼـﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﻼـﻛ ﻳ ٥
ـﻜ ﻲ
ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﻭﺭﺍﺮﻓ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺪﺷ ﺵﻼﺗ ﺍﺬﻟ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﻲﺿﺎﻳﺭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ )
ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ
ﻲﺑﺎﻳ ( ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻱﺮﺳ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﻼﻛ
ﻪﺑ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻲﻠﺼﻓ .
٣
‐ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻨﻴﺸﻴﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﻟﺄﺴﻣ
ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ
ﻱﺎـﻫ ،ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ ﻝﺎـﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﺑ
ﻖـﻳﺮﻃ ﻭﺩ
ﺩﺮﻛ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻩ
ﺪﻧﺍ : ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺖﺴﺨﻧ
ﻱﺎـﻫ ﻝﻭﺍﺪـﺘﻣ ﻭ ﻡﻮـﺳﺮﻣ ﻞـﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻭ ٦
ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ .٧
ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻥﺁ
ﻪﻛ ﺎـﻳ ﺕﺎﻋﻮـﺿﻮﻣ ﻪـﭼ ﺮﺑ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ
ﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲﻳﺎ ﻮـﮕﻟﺍ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﺮﻘﺘﺴﻣ
ﻱﺎـﻫ ﻓ ـﻜ ﻪـﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺮ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ . ،ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻡﻮﺳﺮﻣ ) ﻥﺁ ﻡﻮـﺳ ﻉﻮـﻧ ﻩﮋﻳﻮﺑ (
ﺎـﺑ ﻩﺍﺮـﻤﻫ
________________________________
________________________________
__
1- vacancy rate.
2- matching rate . 3- wasting time rate.
4- job turnover
٥
‐ ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﹰﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻚﻧﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺑ ﻲﻠﺼﻓ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﻼﻛ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮ
ﻲﺑﺎﻳ
،ﻩﺪﺷ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗﺯﺎﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ
. 6- formal models.
7- empirical analysis.
ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻡﻮﺳﺮﻣ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻪﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻛ .
ﺎﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ
ﻩﻮﻴــﺷ ﻱﺎــﻫ ﺮﻳﺎــﺳ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮــﻣ ﻥﺎــﻘﻘﺤﻣ
ﻴﺑ ﻩﺪــﻳﺪﭘ ﻞــﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ــﻜ
ﻥﺍﺮــﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎ
ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ .
ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ
ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻛ
ﻞ ـﻛ ﻮﺸ ﺎـﻳ ﻭ ﺭ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﺎـﻫ ﻱ ،ﻱﺩﺎﺼـﺘﻗﺍ
ﻪﺑ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻚﺗ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻚﻤﻛ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﺮـﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺤﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻭ
ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻱﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﺎﻳ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺎﻛ
ﺪﻧﺍ . ﻲﻣ ﺎﺘﺳﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﻟﺎﻘﻣ
ﻍﺎﺑﺩ ﻢﻴﺣﺭ )
١٣٨١ ( ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ
» ﺖـﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻝﺎﻐﺘـﺷﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻮﺸـﻛ ﻲـﻳ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﭼ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻭ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺶﻟﺎ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻡﺭﺎـﻬﭼ ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺸـﻛ ﻱﻭﺭ
« ﻪـﻟﺎﻘﻣ ،
ﻲﺤﻴﻠﻓ ﺖﻤﻌﻧ )
١٣٧٩ ( ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ
» ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﻭﺮـﻴﻧ ﻱﺎـﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ
ﻑﺎـﻄﻌﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺰـﻴﻣ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﺘـﺳﻭﺭ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻛ
ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﺘـﺳﻭﺭ ﺭﺎـﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ ﻱﺮﻳﺬـﭘ
ﻱﺮﻬﺷ
« ﻲﻘﺘﻣ ﻲﻠﻴﻟ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ، )
١٣٧٧ ( ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻞﻳﺫ
» ﺎﻐﺘـﺷﺍ ﻱﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻝ
ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ١٣٥٠
ﺎﺗ ١٣٨٥ « ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻣﺍﻮـﻗ ﻱﺩﺎـﻫ )
١٣٨٢ ( ﺖـﺤﺗ
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
» ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻟﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺕﻻﻮﺤﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﻪـﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻲـﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﻲﻃ
ﻱﺎﻫ ١٣٣٥
‐ ١٣٧٥ « ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ .
ﺩﺍﺪـﺣ ﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸـﻛ ﺎﺿﺮﻣﻼﻏ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ )
١٣٨٣ (
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ
» ﻞﻴﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻲﻳ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﺎـﻫ ﻱ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﺩﺎﺼـﺘﻗﺍ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ
« ،
ﺕﺎــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲــﺧﺮﺑ ﺴــﺳﺆﻣ
ﻭ ﺭﺎــﻛ ﻪ ﻦﻴﻣﺄــﺗ
ﺍﺮــﻫﺯ ﻱﺍﺮــﺘﻛﺩ ﻪﻟﺎــﺳﺭ ،ﻲﻋﺎــﻤﺘﺟﺍ
ﻲﻤﻳﺮﻛ ) ١٣٧٩ ( ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ
» ﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﺭﺎـﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ
« ﺪﻴﻌـﺳ ﻱﺍﺮـﺘﻛﺩ ﻪﻟﺎـﺳﺭ ،
ﻲﺴﻴﻋ ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ) ١٣٧٩ ( ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ
» ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺴـﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮـﻴﻧ ﻝﺎﻐﺘـﺷﺍ ﺮـﺑ ﺭﺍﺬـﮔ
ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
« ﻣ ﺮـﺘﻛﺩ ﻲﺗﺎـﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺡﺮـﻃ ، ﻲـﻨﻴﭼ ﻲﻀـﺗﺮ
ﻪـﻣﻼﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸـﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎـﻴﭼ
ﻥﺍﻮــﻨﻋ ﺎــﺑ ﻲﻳﺎــﺒﻃﺎﺒﻃ
» ﺪــﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺖــﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺮــﺑ ﻱ ﻱﺎــﻫ
ﻝﺎﻐﺘــﺷﺍﺪﺿ «
ﻪــﻛ ﻪــﺑ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻤﺟ ,
ﺭﺩ ﺰـﻴﻧ ،ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪـﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻭ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺮﻣﺯ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ
.
ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺕﺎﺒﺛ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺽﻭﺮﻔﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ
ـﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺭﺎ
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺽﻭﺮﻓ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻫﻮﻳﺭﺎﻨﺳ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻪﺑ
ﺭﺎـﻛ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ
ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻚﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺪﻧﺍ . ﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﻫ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ
ﺭﻮﻃ ﺮـﺑ ﺹﺎﺧ
ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺘﻣ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ
ﻴﻟ ،ﺪﻧﺍ ﻜ ﻑﺎﻄﻌﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﺿﻭﺮﻔﻣ ﻦ
ﻪﺘـﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻲﻋﺎﻓﺩ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻭ ﺮﻳﺬﭘ
ﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺽﺮﻓ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺾﺤﻣ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻭ ﺖﻗﺩ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ،ﻩﺪﺷ
ﻪﺘﺳﺎﻛ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﻲﻣ
ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎـﺳ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ،ﻞﻜﺸﻣ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻕﻮﻓ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ
ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺚﺤﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺭﺎﻨﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺍ
.
ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻥﻼـﻛ ﻲﺠﻨﺳ ـﻛ
ﻞ
ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ،ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻛ
ﺭﺎﻨ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ
ﺪﻧﺍ . ﻝﺎﻐﺘـﺷﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ،ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ
ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﻔﺗ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﭼ ﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ .
ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻲﺠﻨﺳ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ ﻡﻮـﺳ ﻭ ﻡﻭﺩ
ﻪﺑ ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻲﺑﻮﺧ ﺖﺳﺍ
.
٤
‐ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻣ ﻴﺑ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻼﻛ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻜ
ﻱﺭﺎ
ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺩﺮـﺒﻫﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻲﺘـﺳﺎﻴﺳ
،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﻞﻀﻌﻣ ﻞﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻲﻣ
ﺕﺎﺣﻼـﺻﺍ ﻕﺎـﺒﻄﻧﺍ ﻪـﺟﺭﺩ ﺪـﻳﺎﺑ
ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻪﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ .
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ
۱ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺭﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ .
٥
‐ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﻼﻛ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ،ﺪﺷ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲـﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻲﻠﻛ
ﻲﻣﻮـﻤﻋ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﺪـﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓ
ﻲﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﻪـﻳﻭﺭ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻳﺁ
ﻲـﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﻢﻛﺎـﺣ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﺮـﺑ
ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﻪﻛ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺎﺧ
ﻪﺸـﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻱﺩﺮﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻴﻋ
ﺭﺩ ﺎـﻫ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺍﺬـﻟ ،ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎـﻘﻘﺤﻣ
ﻪـﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﻧﺎـﻗ ﺩﺍﻮـﻣ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺍ . ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۲ ﻪﺻﻼﺧ ﻱﺍ
ﺯﺍ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮـﻣ ،ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮـﻗ ﻲـﻠﻛ ﺡﻭﺭ ﻲـﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ
ﻩﺮﺼﺒﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺹﺎﺧ ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ
ﺪﻫﺩ .
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١
‐ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺟﺍ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺑ
ﻥﻼﻛ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻣ
ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﻳﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺐﺘﻜﻣ
ﺕﺎﺿﻭﺮﻔﻣ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻧ
ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ
ﻭ ﻚﻴﺳﻼﻛ
ﻚﻴﺳﻼﻛﻮﺌﻧ ١
‐ ﺨﺷ ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻲﺼ
٢
‐ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺖﻴﻜﻟﺎﻣ
٣
‐ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﺖﻟﺎﺧﺩ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ
٤
‐ ﻝﻮﭘ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ
٥
‐ ﻪـﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﺺﻴﺼـﺨﺗ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ .
٦
‐ ﻩﺎﮕﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
١
‐ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﺘﺑﺎﻗﺭ .
٢
‐ ﻑﺎــﻄﻌﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺰﻤﺘــﺳﺩ ﻱﺮﻳﺬــﭘ
ﺖﻤﻴﻗ .
٣
‐ ﻑﺎﻄﻌﻧﺍ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺥﺮﻧ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ .
٤
‐ ﻲﻤﺳﺍ ﺩﺰﻤﺘﺳﺩ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ .
٥
‐ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺍﺯ ﺎﻫ
.
٦
‐ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﺩﺍﺭﺍ .
٧
‐ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻥﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻟﻮﭘ ﻢﻫﻮﺗ ١
‐ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻝﺎﻐﺘـﺷﺍ ﻊـﺿﻭ ﺭﺩ ﺖـﻟﻭﺩ ﺖﻟﺎﺧﺩ
ﻞﻣﺎﻛ .
٢
‐ ﺎــﺑ ﻩﺍﺮــﻤﻫ ﻝﺩﺎــﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺎﺼــﺘﻗﺍ ﻥﺩﻮــﺑ
ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ .
٣
‐ ﻡﺪــﻋ ﻱﺭﺎــﻜﻴﺑ ﺕﺪــﻣ ﻲﻧﻻﻮــﻃ ﺯﻭﺮــﺑ
ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﺍﺭﺍﺮﻴﻏ .
٥
‐ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﺘﻗﻮﻣ ﻡﺪﻋ
ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﺗ .
٦
‐ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﺩﺰﻤﺘﺳﺩ .
ﺰﻨﻴﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﻮـﻣ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ١
, ٢ ﻭ ٥
ﻚﻴﺳﻼﻛﻮﺌﻧ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ
ﻞﻳﺫ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ :
١
‐ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﺖﻟﺎﺧﺩ
٢
‐ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻝﻮﭘ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ .
٣
‐ ﻩﺎﮕﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ .
١
‐ ﻑﺎــﻄﻌﻧﺍ ﺩﺰﻤﺘــﺳﺩ ﻱﺮﻳﺬــﭘﺎﻧ
ﻲﻟﻮﭘ .
٢
‐ ﺩﺰﻤﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﺒﺴﭼ .
٣
‐ ﻲﻟﻮﭘ ﻢﻫﻮﺗ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺎﺣ .
٤
‐ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﺗ ﻻﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭ
ﻩﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺪﻣ .
٥
‐ ﻭ ﺺﻗﺎـــﻧ ﻝﺎﻐﺘـــﺷﺍ ﺩﻮـــﺟﻭ
ﻱﺩﺍﺭﺍﺮﻴﻏ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ .
١
‐ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﺖﻟﺎﺧﺩ .
٢
‐ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻱﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﺩﻮﺒﻤﻛ ﻪـﺑ
ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ ﺖـﻠﻋ
ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ .
٣
‐ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺕﺎــﻴﻟﺎﻣ ﺶﻫﺎــﻛ ﺪــﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻟﺎــﻣ ،ﻲﻟﻮــﭘ
،ﺎــﻫ
ﺎـﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﺪﻳﺮﺧ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ،ﻝﻮﭘ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻭ .
ﻚﻴﺳﻼﻛ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ١
‐ ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﻲﮕﺸﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﻳﻮﺴﺗ .
٢
‐ ﻱﺎــﻨﺒﻣ ﻲــﻳﻼﻘﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﺎــﻈﺘﻧﺍ
ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ .
٣
‐ ﺯﺍ ﻞــــﻛ ﻪــــﺿﺮﻋ ﺖــــﻴﻌﺒﺗ
ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ .
٤
‐ ﻪـﻳﺎﭘ ﻥﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﻡﻭﺰﻟ
ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻥﻼﻛ ﺚﺣﺎﺒﻣ ﻱﺩﺮﺧ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ .
٥
‐ ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﺺﻴﺼﺨﺗ ﻱﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ .
٦
‐ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﺖﻟﺎﺧﺩ .
٧
‐ ﻼﻃﺍ ﻉﻮـﻗﻭ ﻞـﻣﺎﻋ ﺺﻗﺎـﻧ ﺕﺎﻋ
ﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺭﺍﻭﺩﺍ ﻱ . ۱
‐ ﺕﺍﺭﺎــﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻱﺎــﻨﺒﻣ ﺮــﺑ ﻥﺎﺴــﻧﺍ
ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻲﻳﻼﻘﻋ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﺪﻨﻛ .
٢
‐ ﻪﻳﻮﺴـــﺗ ﻪﺸـــﻴﻤﻫ ﺎـــﻫﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ .
٣
‐ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
ﻲﺑﺎﻳ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ .
٤
‐ ﻞـﻣﺎﻛ ﺖـﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ .
٥
‐ ﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺭﺎـﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﺕﺎ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ . ١
‐ ﻱﺭﺎــﻜﻴﺑ ﺪــﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺎﺼــﺘﻗﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎــﻜﻴﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ..
٢
‐ ﺭﺎـﻜﻴﺑ ﻱﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻱﺭﺎـﻜﻴﺑ ﺭﺎـﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱ
ﺖﺳﺍ .
٣
‐ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻡﺭﻮﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ
ﻱﺭﺎـﻜﻴﺑ ﺮـﺑ ﻱ
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ) ﻲﻳﻼﻘﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻞﺻﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ (
٤
‐ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍﺮﻴﻏ ﻡﺭﻮﺗ
ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺎـﻜﻴﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺎﺳﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﺥﺮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻲﺤﻄﺳ .
٥
‐ ﻞﻐﺷ ﻱﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﺎﺑ ,
ﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ
ﻝﺩﺎﻌﺘﻣ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ .
٦
‐ ﻐﺷ ﻱﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻞ
ﻱﺭﺎـﻜﻴﺑ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺺﻗﺎـﻧ ﺕﺎـﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻊﻓﺭ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺬﻟ ﻊﻓﺭ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻱﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻲﻣ
ﺩﻮﺷ .
ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺰﻨﻴﻛ ١
‐ ﻱﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺪـﻳﺎﺑ ﻥﻼﻛ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﺩﺮﺧ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ .
٢
‐ ﻲﻳﻼﻘﻋ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻝﻮﺒﻗ
٣
‐ ﻲﻤـــﺳﺍ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﺒﺴـــﭼ ﻞـــﻴﻟﺩ
ﺖﻤﻴﻗ Menu Costs ﺖﺳﺍ
. ١
‐ ﻑﺎــﻄﻌﻧﺍ ﺩﺰﻤﺘــﺳﺩ ﻱﺮﻳﺬــﭘﺎﻧ
ﻲﻟﻮﭘ .
٢
‐ ﺺﻗﺎﻧ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ
ﺖﺳﺍ .
٣
‐ ﺍ ﺺﻗﺎــﻧ ﺭﺎــﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎــﺑ ﺕﺎــﻋﻼﻃ
ﺖﺳﺍ .
٤
‐ ﺩﺰﻤﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﺒﺴﭼ
ﻱﺭﻮــﺌﺗ ﺱﺎــﺳﺍ ﺮــﺑ ﻱﺎــﻫ
ﻁﻮــﺑﺮﻣ
ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺩﺭﺍﺮﻗ . ١
‐ ﻱﺩﺍﺭﺍﺮــﻴﻏ ﻱﺭﺎــﻜﻴﺑ ﹰﺎﺗﺪــﻤﻋ ﻱﺭﺎــﻜﻴﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ .
٢
‐ ﻲﻟﻮــﭘ ﺖــﺳﺎﻴﺳ ,
ﻭ ﻲﻟﺎــﻣ ﺪــﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﻱ
ﻲﻣ ﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﻙﺮﺤﻣ ﻭ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ
ﻱﺭﺎـﻜﻴﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺪﻫﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺍﺭ .
٣
‐ ﻱﺭﺎـﻜﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻡﺭﻮـﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﺸﻧﺎﺟ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ .
ﻝﻮﭘ ﮔ ﻥﺎﻳﺍﺮ ١
‐ ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
٢
‐ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺖﻴﻤﻛﺎﺣ .
٣
‐ ﺯﺍ ﻁﺮــﺷ ﻭ ﺪــﻴﻗ ﻥﻭﺪــﺑ ﻉﺎــﻓﺩ
ﺵﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺩﻮﺳ .
٤
‐ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺖﻟﺎﺧﺩ ﻪﻠﺧﺍﺪﻣ .
٥
‐ ﻝﻮﭘ ﻖﻠﻄﻣ ﺖﻴﻤﻛﺎﺣ .
ﺖـﺒﺜﻣ ﺐﻴـﺷ ﻞﻛ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ ﻲﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ . ١
‐ ﻲﻛﺎﻜﻄﺻﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ
٢
‐ ﻙﻮﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺕﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻟﻭ ﻊﻓﺭ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ .
٣
‐ ﻭ ﻡﺭﻮــﺗ ﻦﻴــﺑ ﻢــﺋﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻴﺸــﻧﺎﺟ ﻪــﻄﺑﺍﺭ
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ .
٤
‐ ﻲـﻤﻧ ﻱﺭﺎـﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻡﺭﻮﺗ
ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺎـﻜﻴﺑ ﺪـﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺮــﺠﻨﻣ ﻂــﻘﻓ ﻭ ﺪــﻫﺩ ﺶﻫﺎــﻛ ﻪــﺑ
ﺶﻳﺍﺰــﻓﺍ
ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ .
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٢
‐ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ
ﻴﺳ ﺖﺳﺎ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻪﺟﻭ
ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﻲﺒﺘﻜﻣ
ﻝﻭﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ١ ﺯﺭﺍ ﺥﺮﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻈﻧﺪﻳﺪﺠﺗ ـ
٢ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ـ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ
٣ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ـ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
٤ ﻱﺪﺼﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ـ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ
٥ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻭ ﺎﻫﻻﺎﻛ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ـ
ﺯﺭﺍ ﺥﺮﻧ
٦ ﻭ ﻻﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﻲﺘﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ـ
ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ
٧ ﻪﻧﺍﺭﺎﻳ ﻲﺠﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﻑﺬﺣ ـ ﺎﻫ
٨ ـ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺩﺍﺯﺁ ١
ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ـ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ
٢ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺭﺎـﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ ﺽﺎـﺒﻘﻧﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﺍﺭﺮﻘﻣ ﻭ ﻂﺑﺍﻮﺿ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ـ
ﺖﺳﺍ ) ﻝﻭﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ,
ﺹ ٦٠ .(
ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ
) ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﺩﺎﻬﻧ (
ﻡﻭﺩ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ۱ ﻊﻓﺭ ـ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻝﺩﺎـﻌﺗ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﻭ ﻲﺨﻳﺭﺎـﺗ
ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳﺮﭘ ﻡﺪﻋ
ﻊﺑﺎـﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﺗ
ﻪــﺟﺩﻮﺑ ﻑﺭﺎﺼــﻣ ﻭ ﻡﺪــﻋ
ﺭﺩ ﻝﺩﺎــﻌﺗ
ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮـــﺳ ﺲـــﭘ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺬـــﮔ ﻭ ﺯﺍﺪـــﻧﺍ
ﻡﺪﻋ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﺗ
۲ ﻻﺎﻛ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻲﻘﻄﻨﻣ ـ
، ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻱ
۳ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ـ
۴ ﺖـﻴﺒﺜﺗ ﺖـﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻥﺩﻮـﻤﻧ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ـ
ﻱﺩﺎﺼــﺘﻗﺍ ) ﻥﺪﻴــﺳﺭ ﻪــﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺩﺎــﻌﺗ
ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺭﺎﻬﭼ (
۵ ﻱﺩﺎﺼـﺘﻗﺍ ﻞﻳﺪـﻌﺗ ﻥﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ـ
) ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
، ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
، ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﻱﺪﺼـــــﺗ ﺶﻫﺎـــــﻛ ﻭ ﺖـــــﻟﻭﺩ
ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ( ١
ﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻪﻴﺣﻼﺻﺍ ﺢﻳﺍﻮﻟ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ـ )
ﻩﺮﺼﺒﺗ ٤٨ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪﺤﻳﻻ .(
٢ ﺡﻼــﺻﺍ ـــ ﺶــﺨﺑ ﺎــﻫ ﻲﻳ ﺭﺎــﻛ ﻥﻮﻧﺎــﻗ ﺯﺍ )
ﻡﻭﺩ ﻪــﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺖــﺳﻮﻴﭘ
ﻞﺼﻓ ﻱﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ٢
ﺹ ، ٥ .(
٣ ﻲــﻠﻛ ﺕﺍﺭﺎــﺷﺍ ﺰــﺟ ـــ ﻪــﺑ
ﺶﻫﺎــﻛ ﺖــﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﻐﺘــﺷﺍ ﺖــﻴﻤﻫﺍ
ﺖـﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺖﻟﺍﺪـﻋ ﻖـﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻡﻭﺮﺤﻣ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﻴﻣﻭﺮﺤﻣ ﺧ ﻴﺑ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺻﺎ ﺍﺭﺎﻜ
ﻥ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎـﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ
ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺫﺎﺨﺗﺍ ﻱﺪﺼﺗﻼﺑ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺪﺸﻧ
ﻭ ﺯﺎـﺳ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩ
ﻪﻛ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻲﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﹰﺎﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﻞﻐﺷ ﻱﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ
ﻥﺁ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ
ﻡﻮﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ۱
ﻲﺘﺑﺎــﻗﺭ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺼــﺤﻧﺍ ﻢﻴــﻈﻨﺗ ـــ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
۲ ﻛﺮﺷ ﻲﻫﺪﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ـ ﺖ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ
۳ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ـ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ
۴ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﻲﻫﺪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ ـ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻟﺎﻣ
۵ ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮﺳ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺁ ـ
۶ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ـ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻩﺎﻓﺭ ﻭ
۷ ﻪﻧﺍﺭﺎﻳ ﻥﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫ ـ
۸ ﻪــﺟﻮﺗ ـــ ﻪــﺑ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎــﺻ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻐﺘــﺷﺍ
ﻭ ﻲﺘﻔﻧﺮﻴﻏ ...
۹ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺎـﺑ ﻡﺭﻮﺗ ﺥﺮﻧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ـ
ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻟﻮﭘ
۱۰ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﺖﻴﻨﻣﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺮﻗﺮﺑ ـ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ
۱۱ ﻲﻫﺪـﺑ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ـ
ﻱﺎـﻫ ﻭ ﻲﺟﺭﺎـﺧ
ﻥﺁ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ١
ﺭﺎـﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ ﺮـﺑ ﺮﻇﺎـﻧ ﺕﺍﺭﺮـﻘﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﻈﻧﺪﻳﺪﺠﺗ ـ ) ﺹ،ﻡﻮﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﺳ ١٣٣
‐ ١٣٢ .(
٢ ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻱﺯﻮﻣﺁﺯﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ـ .
٣ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﺝﻭﺮﺧ ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﻭ ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ـ
ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻛ
٤ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ـ ﻥﺁ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻥﻼﻏﺎﺷ
٥ ـ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻴﻨﻣﺍ
٦ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻭ ﺩﺰﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻡﺭﻮﺗ ﺥﺮﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﺰﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ـ ﻱﺭﻭ
٧ ﺖﻳﻮﻘﺗ ـ ﺰـﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻞﻐﺷ ﻱﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺯﺎﺳ
ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﺑ
ﻉﻼﻃﺍ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ
ﻭ ﺭﺎـﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺭ
ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﻩﺭﻭﺎﺸﻣ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ
٨ ـ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻓﺮﺣ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻓ ﻪ ﻱﺍ
٩ ﺖــﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻉﺍﻮــﻧﺍ ﻡﺎــﺠﻧﺍ ـــ ﻱﺎــﻫ
ﺯﺍ ﻲﻣﻮــﻤﻋ ﻲﺗﺎــﻴﻟﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻟﺎــﻣ
ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺍﺬﮔ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺎﺟ ﻞﻐﺷ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮـﻃ
ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴـﻣ ﻪـﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎـﻳﺎﻣﺮﻓﺭﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺮﻛﺍﺬﻣ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﻞﺣ
١٠ ـ ﺪـﻴﻛﺄﺗ ﻚـﭼﻮﻛ ﻊﻳﺎﻨـﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺎﻐﺘـﺷﺍ ﺩﺎـﺠﻳﺍ ﺮـﺑ ,
ﻭ ﻲﻠﻳﺪـﺒﺗ
ﻥﺁ ﺮﻳﺎﻈﻧ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ .
١١ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ـ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﻟﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍﺩﻮﺧ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻳﺮﻓ
١٢ ﺡﺮـــﻃ ﺵﺮﺘﺴـــﮔ ــــ ﻱﺎـــﻫ
ﻭ ﻱﺭﻭﺮـــﭙﻣﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸـــﻛ
ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ
ﻪﺑ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﺒﺗ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ
ﻭ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺮﺑ
ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﺟ ﺮﻫ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺚﺤﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﻊﻓﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﺩﺍﺭﺍﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﻜﻫﺍﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺰﻨﻴﻛ ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻞﺜﻣ ،ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ٩
ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ۱
ﺎـﺑ ﻡﻮـﺳ ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻑﺍﺪـﻫﺍ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ـ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ ﻞﻳﺫ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ :
ﻱﺪﺼﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ـ ﻒﻟﺍ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻭ ﻲـﺘﻟﻭﺩ
ﺖـﻟﻭﺩ ﻒﻳﺎـﻇﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺸـﺨﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔﺍﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻏ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩﺮﻴ
ﻱﺍﺮـــﺑ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺖـــﻴﻨﻣﺍ ﺩﺎـــﺠﻳﺍ ـ ﺏ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻪﻧﺍﺭﺎﻳ ﻥﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫ ـ ﭖ
۲
‐ ﻩﺩﻭﺰـﻓﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺮـﺑ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﺎﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ
) (VAT ١
‐ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ
٢
‐ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺪﻨﺳ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ
٣
‐ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ FDI
٤
‐ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﻱﺮﮕﻧﺯﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ
ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ
٥
‐ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻪـﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺮـﻫ ﺖـﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺎـﺑ ﺐـﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ
ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻕﺮﻃ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﺘﺧﺎﺳﺮﻳﺯ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺑﺮﻳﺯ
٦
‐ ﺏ ﻦﻴﻠﻏﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ٠٠
ﻲﻤﺳﺭﺮﻴﻏ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺍ
٧
‐ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻱﺎﻀﻓ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻳﺰﻨﻴﻛﻮﻴﻧ
ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﺩﺎﻬﻧ
ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻪﺑ
ﺮﻄﻣ ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﻱﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﺡ
ﻦﻳﺍ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺎﻳﺁ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺍ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﺱﺎـﺳﺍﺮﺑ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ
ﺍﺭ ﻲﺘﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺏﺍﻮﺟ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻪﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﻪـﺑ
ﻩﺍﺮـﻤﻫ
؟ﺮﻴﺧ ﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ
ﻲﻫﺎﮕﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٢
ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻏ ﺖﻴﻨﻫﺫ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﻥﺍﺰﻳﺭ
ﺮـﺑ ﻲ
؛ﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ
ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ،ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ
ﻑﺬﺣ ،ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
ﻪﻧﺍﺭﺎﻳ ﻲﺠﻳﺭﺪﺗ
ﺖﺳﺎﻋﺩﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﻳﻮﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺮﻳﺎﻈﻧ ﻭ ﺎﻫ .
ﻴﻟ ﻜ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻦ ﻡﺪﻋ
ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻛ ﻭ ﻲﻓﺎ
ﻪﺘﺴﻳﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻳ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﻜ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻒﻌﺿ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻲ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ
. ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ـﻛ ﻪ
ﻨﭼ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻲﻃ ﻲﻧﺍﺪ
ﻪﺑ ﻴﺑ ﻥﺍﺮـﺤﺑ ﻪـﻠﻤﺠﻨﻣ ﺭﻮﺸـﻛ ﻲـﺗﺁ ﺕﻻﻮﺤﺗ ـﻜ
ﻱﺭﺎ
ﺶﻴﭘ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﺪﺸﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻙ
ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻪﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﻫﺍﺭ ، ﻜ ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺎ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ
ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻱﺭﻮـﻓ ﻭ
ﺪﺸﻧ ﻩﺪﻴﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﻥﺁ .
ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ
ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻪ ﻱﺍ ﻲـﺣﺍﺮﻃ
ﺎﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻤﻠﻗ ﻥﻮﻨ ﻲﻣ
ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﺑ
ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﺎـﺟ ،ﺪﻨـﺳ ﻦﻳﺪـﻨﭼ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻣ
ﺖـﺻﺮﻓ ،ﺎﻫﺎﻨﮕﻨﺗ ،ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ
ﻭ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘـﺳﺍ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﺮـﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻬﻟﺎـﺜﻣﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺪـﻳﺪﻬﺗ ،ﺎـﻫ
ﺪﺷ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﻥﻼﻛ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ،ﻥﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ .
ﺍﺭ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﺕﺍﺮﻈﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﺣ
ﺸﺗ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻜﻔﺗ ﻜ
ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴ ﺩﺍﺩ . ﺮـﺑ ﻩﻭﻼـﻋ ﺪـﻴﻛﺄﺗ
ﻭ ﺖـﻟﻭﺩ ﻩﺯﺍﺪـﻧﺍ ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ﺮـﺑ
ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ
ﺕﺍﺮﻜﻔﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ،ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺰﻨﻴﻛ
) ﻱﺰﻨﻴﻛﻮﻴﻧ (
ﻞـﺑﺎﻗ ﺎﻫﺪـﻨﺑ ﻲـﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ .
ﻪـﻧﺍﺭﺎﻳ ﻥﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ )
ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ ﻲﻟﺎـﻣ ﺖـﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻚـﻳ (
ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻡﺭﻮﺗ ﺥﺮﻧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛﻭ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﻟﻮﭘ ﻪ
ﻱﺍ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﻨﻳﺰﻨﻴﻛ ﺕﺍﺮﻜﻔﺗ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ
. ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺯﺭﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻭﺭﻭ ﺮـﻜﻔﺗ ﺩ
ﻱﺰﻨﻴﻛ ) ﻱﺰﻨﻴﻛﻮﻴﻧ (
ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ٤٩
ﻩﺭﺎـﺷﺍ ﻪـﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻪـﺑ
ﻉﺍﻮـﻧﺍ
ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ) ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﻧﺍﺭﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻲﺗﺎﻴﻟﺎﻣ (
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﻞﺣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ .
ﻡﺭﺎـﻬﭼ ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ
ﺡﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺮـﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻲـﻨﻌﻳ ؛ﺪـﺷ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻜﻳﻭﺭ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﻛ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ
. ﺭﺍﺯﺎـﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﻧﺎـﻗ ﺩﺍﻮـﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﻛ )
ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ٤٨ ﺎﺗ ٥٦ ( ﻲﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﺭﺎﻛ ﺭﺍﺯﺎﺑ ﺖﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻴﺑ ﻊﻓﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻪﺑ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺪﻬﻋ .
