تﺎﺤﻔﺻ : 139 ﺎﺗ 143
لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ :
يﺮﻴﺼﻧ نﺎﻜﺷاﺮﻴﻣا رﻮﭘ
. ﺖﺳاﻮﺧرد مﺎﻤﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
[email protected] ﺪﻧﻮﺷ هدﺎﺘﺳﺮﻓ
.
ﺶﻴﭘ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﻢﺸﭼ ؛ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ
ﻱﺮﻴﺼﻧ ﻥﺎﮑﺷﺍﺮﻴﻣﺍ
*ﺭﻮﭘ
، PhD ﻱﺭﺩﺎﻬﺑ ﻢﻳﺮﮐ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ MSc۱
، ﻲﻘﻴﻓﻮﺗ ﻡﺍﺮﻬﺷ PhD۲
، ﻱﺮﻫﻮﮔ ﺎﺿﺭﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ PhD۳
ﻭ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ* ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ
ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ،
ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ۱ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻭ
ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ،
،ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ۲ ﻫﻭﮋﭘ
ﻘﺑ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸ ﻪﻴ
ﺍ
)...
ﺞﻋ
ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،(
،ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ۳ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻉﻼﻃﺍ ﻭ
ﯽﻧﺎﺳﺭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،
ﻩﺪﻴﮑﭼ
ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ : ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ
، ﻤﻫ ﻥﺎﻨﭽ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮑﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻩﺍﺭ ﺯﺍ
ﻭ ﺕﺎﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺭﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ
ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺏﺎﺴﺣ ﺪﻳﺁ . ﮒﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺑ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻣﻭﺮﺗ ﺖﻳﻮﻘﺗ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ
ﻱﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ . ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﺶﻴﭘ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺪﺷ
.
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ : -
ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻢﻴﻧ ﯽﻃ ﯽﻌﻄﻘﻣ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻝﺎﺳ
۱۳۸۸
، ۱۵ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﮐ ﻭ ﺙﺩﺍﻮﺣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ
ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻓ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ،ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺕﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻏﺎﺷ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺩﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ
ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ .
ﺹﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻡﺮﻓ ،ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻊﻤﺟ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﮎﺭﺍﺪﻣ ﻭ ﺩﺎﻨﺳﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ .
ﺯﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﻡﺮﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ SPSS 11 ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
ﺪﺷ .
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ : ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻲﻫﺩ ﯽﺴﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺰﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻞﮐ
۷ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ۱۴
ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ .
ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻓ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﻠﮐ ﻲﻫﺩ ﺎﻫ
۳۳
%
، ﺲﻧﻻﻮﺒﻣﺁ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺮﻔﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻫﺪﺼﮑﻳ ﻱﺍﺯﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
۱۹ / ۳ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ، ۸۰
% ، ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﻤﮐ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﮏ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
۵۸ % ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻭ
"
ﻲﺒﻴﮐﺮﺗ
"
ﺩﻮﺑ .
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ : ﺶﻴﭘ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﺍ ﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺯ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﻮﺧ
، ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ .
ﻩﮊﺍﻭﺪﻴﻠﮐ ﺎﻫ : ﺶﻴﭘ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ،ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
Prehospital emergency performance in Iran;
View of comprehensive coverage plan
Nasiripour A. A.* PhD, Bahadori M. K.1MSc, Tofighi Sh.2PhD, Gohari M. R.3PhD
٭Faculty of Managmnet & Economics, Sciences & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
1 Faculty of Managmnet & Economics, Sciences & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah Institute of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3Department of Statistics, Faculty of Management & Informing, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Aims: Primary prevention has remained one of the most important ways to reduce the burden of injuries.
Many deaths and much long-term disabilities can also be prevented through strengthening trauma and emergency care. The purpose of this study was to survey the prehospital emergency performance of Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study during April to August 2009, 15 managers and experts of medical emergency and incident management working in health, treatment and medical education ministry were selected by achievable sampling method evaluated. Data gathering done by interview, information gathering especial form and analysis of documents. Data analysis was conducted by SPSS 11 software.
Results: Response time in whole urban zones of country except Tehran city was 7 minutes and 14 minutes in suburban zones, generic coverage by incident managment was 33%, number of ambulances were 3.19 for every 100 thousand of population, dispatch coverage was 80%, proportion of early aids pervasives were 58% and used care model was mixed.
Conclution: Prehospital emergency is nearly good in Iran but distances from desirable and standard condition.
Keywords: Performance, Prehospital Emergency, Iran
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻤﻫ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﻥﺎﻨﭽ
ﻪﺑ ﻩﺍﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺭﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺎﻫ
ﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻭ ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱ
ﺺﺨﺸﻣ
ﮒﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺕﺪﻣﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
، ﺖﻳﻮﻘﺗ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ
ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻣﻭﺮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ
ﻱﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ
] ۱ ، ۲ .[
ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﺳ ﺮﻫ
۵ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻭ ﮒﺮﻣ ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ ۱۰۰
ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺗﺎﻧ ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ
ﻕﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﺕﺎﺣﺍﺮﺟ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﺟ ﮏﻴﻓﺍﺮﺗ ﺕﺎﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ،ﺖﻧﻮﺸﺧ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺘﻓﺍ ﻱﺍ
،ﻁﻮﻘﺳ ،
ﻲﮕﺘﺧﻮﺳ ﻭ ﻕﺮﻏ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ] ۳ [.
ﻑﺪﻫ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻨﻣﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ]
۴ ، ۵ .[
ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﻪﻫﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻱﮊﻮﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗ ﻭ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘ ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﻲﺘﻨﺳ .
ﻝﻭﺍﺪﺘﻣ ﻂﻠﻏ ﺭﻮﺼﺗ ﺪﻳﺎﺷ
، ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫﺮﭘ
ﺗﺍﺫ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻲ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺴﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲ
ﺖﺳﺍ ] ۶ [ . ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﮐ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺛﻮﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ ﻒﻴﻌﺿ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ
ﻲﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺎﮐﺎﻧ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﺩﺮﻳﺬﭘ
. ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ
، ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺺﻴﺼﺨﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﻫﺩ
؛ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ
ﺐﺒﺳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ ﻲﺴﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺷ ﺺﻴﺼﺨﺗ ،ﺩﻮ
ﻪﺑ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻧﻻﻮﺠﻋ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻲﻣ ﺏﺎﺘﺷ ﻱﺍ
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫﺮﭘ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺵﻼﺗ ﹰﺎﺗﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻲﺴﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻤﻧ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺪﻫﺩ
] ۷ ، ۸ ، ۹ .[
ﻪﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﮎﺭﺩ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻱﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
ﺩﻮﺷ . ﺶﻴﭘ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﻞﻤﺣ ، ﻭ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻞﻘﻧ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ .
ﺰﺟ ﺮﻫ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ
، ﺭﺩ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺎﻣﺍ
ﻱﺭﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺮﺑ
ﺟ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺎ ﻌﻣ ﻪ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ .
ﻲﺘﻗﻭ
ﻞﻤﺣ ﻒﻴﻌﺿ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻞﻘﻧﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ
ﹰﻼﺻﺍ ﺎﻳ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ
، ﮒﺮﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﻕﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺘﻓﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﻢﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺷ ﻱﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺝﺮﺧ ﻮ
ﺩ .
ﻪﺑ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
، ﮒﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﺮﻴﻣﻭ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ
] ۱۰ ، ۱۱ .[
ﺶﻴﭘ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻲﻤﺳﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
] ۱۲ .[
ﺶﻴﭘ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺎﮐ ﻭ ﻡﻭﺍﺪﻣ ،ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
] ۱۳ [ . ﻭﺩ
ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻱﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻫﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺶﻴﭘ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﺭﺩ
ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﺪﺘﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻝﻭﺍ
؛ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﺕﺍﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺲﻧﻻﻮﺒﻣﺁ ﻡﺍﺰﻋﺍ
ﺱﺎﻤﺗ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑ ﻪﺛﺩﺎﺣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ
؛ ﻭ
ﺱﺎﻤﺗ ﺩﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ
ﻊﻤﺟ ، ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ
ﻪﺛﺩﺎﺣ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣﺍﺰﻋﺍ ﺲﻳﻭﺮﺳ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻭ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ]
۱۴ ، ۱۵ ، ۱۶ [.
ﺭﺩ
ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﮐﺭﺎﮐ
ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺲﻧﻻﻮﺒﻣﺁ ﻭ ﮏﻳﺪﻣﺭﺎﭘ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺰﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﭻﻴﻫ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺎﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻡﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ
ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺰﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻧ
ﻲﻤ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ] ۱۷ ، ۱۸ .[
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻟﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺩﺮﮕ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﮑﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻣﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﮒﺮﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻣﻭ
ﻴ ﻲﻳﺎﻣﻭﺮﺗ ﺮ
، ﻞﻤﺣ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻭ
ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻞﻘﻧ
، ﻪﮑﻠﺑ
ﻟﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﮐﺭﺎﮐ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺩﺮﮕ
ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﻳ
ﺖﺳﺍ ] ۱۹ .[
ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﺑ ،ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻲﻫﺩ
ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻣ
ﻲ ﺷ ﻮ ﺩ ] ۲۰ .[
ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻓ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﺑ
ﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺰﻴﻣﺁ
، ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻱ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺪﻴﻠﮐ ]
۲۱ .[
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺍ
ﻱ ﻝﺎﭙﻧ ﺭﺩ
ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻫﺩ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﻧﺍﺮﻴﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻣ
ﻲ ﮐ ﻨ ﻭ ﺪﻨ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ،
ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻓ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻭ ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺩ
ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﺪﻧﺍ
] ۲۲ .[
ﻞﻤﺣ ﺩﻮﺒﻤﮐ ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻓ ﻞﻘﻧﻭ
ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ،
ﻌﻧﺎﻣ ﻲ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ
ﺩﻮﺒﻤﮐ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﺟ ،ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺕﻼﻴﻬﺴﺗ
ﻲﻓﺎﮐﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺗﺎﻧ ﻭ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻞﻤﺣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻞﻘﻧﻭ .
ﺩﻮﺒﻤﮐ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ
ﻞﻤﺣ ﻞﻘﻧﻭ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ ﻭ ﻊﻴﺳﻭ ]
۲۳ .[
ﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ
ﻮﮑﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻮﻠﮕﻧﺁ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ . ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻮﮑﻧﺍﺮﻓ
، ﻦﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﺤﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺍﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﮑﻣﺍ
ﻩﺩﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﺲﻧﻻﻮﺒﻣﺁ ﺭﺩ ﮏﺷﺰﭘ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﺩﻮﺷ . ﺭﺩ
ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻮﻠﮕﻧﺁ ، ﻦﻴﺴﻨﮑﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻩ ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻓ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺍﺭ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺪﻧﺍﺭﺬﮔ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻲﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻨﺤﺻ ﺭﺩ ، ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﺎﻳ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻡﻭﺪﺼﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺁ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ
ﻬﻧ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎ ﺎﻳ ﺰﻬﺠﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻨﻫﺩ
ﺪ ] ۲۴ .[
ﺲﻧﻻﻮﺒﻣﺁ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﭗﻴﺗ ﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻭ B ﺴﻘﺗ C ﻴ ﻲﻣ ﻢ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ . ﭗﻴﺗ ،B
ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ ﻭ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ،ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺶﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺎﻳ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ،ﻥﮋﻴﺴﮐﺍ ﻝﻮﺴﭙﮐ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺕﺍﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﺸﮐﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺀﺎﻴﺣﺍ ﻒﻴﮐ ،ﺩﺭﺎﮑﻧﺍﺮﺑ .
ﭗﻴﺗ ﻪﺑ ،C ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺎﻳ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ
ﭗﻴﺗ ﺕﺍﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ ﻭ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ،B
ﺰﻴﻧ ﮎﻮﺷ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ
] ۲۴ .[
ﻪﺑ ﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﯼ
ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻓ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﻴﻳﺁ ،ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻫﺪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ
ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻓ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﻝﺎﺳ ۱۳۸۶ ﻴﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎ ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺯﻭ ﺕ ﺷ
ﻦﻴﻳﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻧ
ﻒﻠﮑﻣ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ،ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺕﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﺷ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﮐ ﺪ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﻱﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﻴﭘ
ﺪﺸﺨﺑ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ]
۲۵ .[
ﻡﺪﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ
ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ
ﺶﻴﭘ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻓ ﻭ ﺙﺩﺍﻮﺣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻲﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺶﻴﭘ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺪﺷ
.
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺍ
ﻱ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ - ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻲﻌﻄﻘﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻪﻤﻴﻧ ﺭﺩ ۱۳۸۸
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ
، ۱۵ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ
ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻓ ﻭ ﺙﺩﺍﻮﺣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻥﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻭ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺭﺩ ﻞﻏﺎﺷ
ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ،ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺕﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ
ﺪﻧ . ﻪﺑ ﻥﺩﻮﺑﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺖﻠﻋ
ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻱ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ ، ﻱ
ﺩﻮﺑ .
ﻊﻤﺟ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺹﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻡﺮﻓ ،ﻪﺒﺣﺎﺼﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ
ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﮎﺭﺍﺪﻣ ﻭ ﺩﺎﻨﺳﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ .
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﻡﺮﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ
SPSS 11 ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ
.
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ
، ﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ
) ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺰﺟ (
ﺭﺩ ۸۰ % ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ۸
ﻩﺩﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
۸۰ %
ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ۱۵
ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺩﻮﺑ . ﺭﺩ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۱
، ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ
ﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ .
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۱ ( ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻱﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ
ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻓ ﻭ ﺙﺩﺍﻮﺣ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ
ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﺩ
۷
ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ
ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ﻲﻫﺩ
۱۴
ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ
ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﺩ
۱۲
ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ
ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﻲﮑﻴﻓﺍﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻣﻭﺪﺼﻣ ﻲﻫﺩ
۳ / ۵۰
%
ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻓ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﻠﮐ ﻲﻫﺩ ﺎﻫ
۳۳
%
ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ۸۰
%
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺱﺎﻤﺗ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ۱۲۰
ﺭﺍﺰﻫ
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ
۹۴۰۰ ﺮﻔﻧ
ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺲﻧﻻﻮﺒﻣﺁ ﻱﺍﺯﺍ
ﺮﻫ ﺪﺼﮑﻳ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺮﻔﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ
۱۹ / ۳ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ
ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
۶۸۳ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ
ﻩﺩﺎﺟ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻱﺍ
۹۴۳
ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﮏﻤﮐ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ۵۸
%
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺍﺪﻣﺍ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﻱﺮﮔ
ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ
ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻣﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﻭﺮﻴﻧ ۴۳
%
ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻪﺑ ﺲﻧﻻﻮﺒﻣﺁ ﻱﺍﺯﺍ
ﺮﻫ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻩﺍﺭ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻠﻴﮐ ﺪﺼﮑﻳ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ
۹۲ / ۲ ﻩﺍﺭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ، ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻓ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ
ﻩﺍﺮﮔﺭﺰﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ
،
ﻩﺍﺭﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺍﺭ ، ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ۸۰ ، ۹۰ ، ۷۸ ﻭ ۵۲ %
ﺩﻮﺑ . ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻮﮑﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻮﻠﮕﻧﺁ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﮐ
ﻪﺑ ﺎﻨﺑ ﻲﻀﺘﻘﻣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻭ ﻪﺛﺩﺎﺣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ .
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
، ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ،
ﻡﻭﺍﺪﻣ ﻭ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ
ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﺪﻨﺑ ﻱ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﺲﻧﻻﻮﺒﻣﺁ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
۱۱۵ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ B
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ . ﺲﻧﻻﻮﺒﻣﺁ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ B
ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺍﺩ ﺘﺷ ﺪﻨ . ﺲﻧﻻﻮﺒﻣﺁ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘB
ﻪ ﺰﻬﺠﻣ ﮏﺷﺰﭘ ﺩﻮﺑ
ﺪﻧ .
ﻞﮐ ﺭﺩ
، ۴۲ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ۱۱۵
ﺮﺳﺍﺮﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ
ﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺖﺷ ﻲﻃ ﻪﮐ ۲
ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﺎﮕﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺙﺩﺍﻮﺣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﺒﻗﺮﺘﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﻡﺎﻧ
"
ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻓ ﻭ ﺙﺩﺍﻮﺣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺎﻫ
"
ﻡﺎﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ۱۱۵
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ .
ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ۱۰ ﺪﻧﻭﺮﻓ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﻮﻫ ﺩﺍﺪﻣﺍ .
ﻝﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﮐ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻲﻳﺍﻮﻫ ﺩﺍﺪﻣﺍ
،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ
ﺪﻧﻭﺮﻓ ﮏﻳ ﺩﺮﮕﻟﺎﺑ
ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻴﭘﺍﻮﻫ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻉﺎﻌﺷ ﺎﺗ ﻲﻣﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻨﮐ
. ﺩﺮﮕﻟﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ
ﺭﺍ ﻧ ﺪ
ﹰﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻣﺎﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻩﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣﺪﻨﭼ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺩﻮﺷ
؛
ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺕﺎﻣﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻢﻫ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ
ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻩﺪﻧﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺍ
ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ .
ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﮏﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗﺍ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ
ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻒﺸﮐ ﮏﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗﺍ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ ﺩﻮﺑ
ﹸﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻮﺗﺍﺮﭘ ﺎﻫ ﺭﻮﺒﺠﻣ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻧ
ﺱﺎﻤﺗ ﺩﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻭ ﺱﺭﺩﺁ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖﺒﺛ ﻭ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ
.
ﺚﺤﺑ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻱﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ
ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻩﺪﻧﺯ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﻳ ﺪﻧﺍ
ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺗﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ
. ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ
، ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪ ﻊﻳﺮﺳ ﻭ ﻊﻗﻮﻣ
ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﺩﻮﺷ ] ۲۵ .[
ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ
ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺛﺩﺎﺣ ﻞﺤﻣ ۸
ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ
۱۵
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ
، ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻪﺛﺩﺎﺣ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ .
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻠﺳﻭﺭ
ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺁ ﺭﺩ
، ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻫﺩ
ﺯﺍ ۱۰ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ]
۲۶ .[
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
، ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﺰﻟﺭﺎﭼ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﮐ
ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺎﮑﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻨﮐﺍﻭ .
ﻪﺑ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
، ﺶﻨﮐﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﮎﺭﻮﻳﻮﻴﻧ ﺭﺩ
۱۰ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺍﺰﻟﺍ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ .
ﻲﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﻴﻧﺮﻔﻴﻟﺎﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ۱۵
- ۱۲
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ .
ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﮐ ﺭﻮﻃ
، ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ۸
ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧﺭﺩ ﻲ
،ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻪﺑ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳﺩ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺕﺭﺪﻧ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ
] ۱۶ .[
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻥﺎﺟ ﺴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺘ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮐﺎﺣ
ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ۸
ﺭﺩ ﻪﻘﻴﻗﺩ ۷۵
% ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻥﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ .
ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
، ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﻲﻣ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﺩ
] ۲۷ .[
ﺵﻼﺗ ﻢﻴﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻬﺠﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻱﮊﻮﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗ
ﺎﻫ ﺕﺎﮐﺭﺍﺪﺗ ﻭ
،
ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺘﻧ ﺮﮔﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺰﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻳ ﺪﻨﺳﺮﺑ ﻪﺛﺩﺎﺣ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻊﻗﻮﻣ
ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺭﺍﺮﻗﺮﺑ ،
ﻪﺑ ﺖﻓﺭ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺭﺪﻫ .
ﺎﺑ ﻲﻘﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ
ﺮﻳﺯ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻒﻴﻌﺿ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ .
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ۲۰۰۰
، ﺭﺩ
ﻞﻳﺯﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ۱۵
ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ ﻂﺧ ۱۰۰
ﺭﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ] ۲۸ .[
ﺭﺩ ﻲﻟﺎﺣ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﻪﮐ ۸۰
% ﺖﺳﺍ . ﮏﻳﺰﮑﻣ ﺭﺩ
،
ﺯﺍ ﺲﻧﻻﻮﺒﻣﺁ ﻩﺮﺑﺎﺨﻣ ﺰﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ۲
ﻪﺑ ۴ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﮎﺭﺍﺪﺗ ﻭ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ
ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﮒﺮﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻣﻭﺮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻦﻴﺣ ﺭﺩ ]
۲۹ .[
ﻮﺸﮐ ﺭﺩ ﺭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
،
ﻝﻭﺍﺪﺘﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
، ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﮏﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗﺍ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻬﺠﻣ
ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻒﺸﮐ ﮏﻴﺗﺎﻣﻮﺗﺍ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ
. ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺱﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺱﺭﺩﺁ ﻭ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
] ۳۰ ، ۳۱ [.
ﺭﺩ ﻲﻟﺎﺣ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﮐ
ﺶﻴﭘ ﻴﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺴ
ﻢﺘ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﮐ
. ﺕﻻﺎﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻩﺪﺤﺘﻣ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻠﮕﻧﺁ
ﻭﻮ ﺭﺩ ﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻪ
ﺪﻨﻠﻫ ﺰﺟ
، ﺯﺍ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﻮﮑﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻮﺷ
ﺩ ] ۳۲ ، ۳۳ ، ۳۴ [؛
ﻲﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ
ﺶﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﻲﻟﺪﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻮﻠﮕﻧﺁ ﻭ ﻮﮑﻧﺍﺮﻓ
ﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ .
ﻖﺒﻃ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
، ﺮﻔﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻫﺪﺼﮑﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺯﺍ ﻪﺑ
،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ۱۹
/ ۳
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺲﻧﻻﻮﺒﻣﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ .
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺍ
ﻱ ﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﭙﻣﻻﻻﺍﻮﮐ ﺭﺩ
۱ / ۱ ﺮﻔﻧ ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻴﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ
ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻢﻗﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ۴۸
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ
ﻟﻭ ﻲ ﺲﻧﻻﻮﺒﻣﺁ ﺎﻫ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻳﻮﮔ ﻲ ﻪﺑ ۲۰ % ﺱﺎﻤﺗ ﻫ ﺎﻫ ﺘﺴ ﺪﻨ
؛
ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﻼﮑﺸﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺖﻠﻋ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻢﻳﻼﻋ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
] ۳۵ .[
ﺭﺩ
ﺲﻧﻻﻮﺒﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ B ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻩﺪﺤﺘﻣ ﺕﻻﺎﻳﺍ ،
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺁ ﺩﻮﺷ
] ۳۶ ، ۳۷ .[
ﺶﻴﭘ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﻩﺩﺭ ﻭ ﮏﻴﮑﻔﺗ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ
) ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻓ ﻦﻴﺴﻴﻨﮑﺗ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﮏﻳﺪﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘ ﻭ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ، (
] ۱۵ ، ۳۲ [؛
ﻲﻟﺎﺣﺭﺩ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ
ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ
ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻓ ﻦﻴﺴﻴﻨﮑﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ . ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
، ﻭ ﺙﺩﺍﻮﺣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ
ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻓ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﻴﭘ
ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﹰﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ،
۵۸ % ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺍﺭ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺍ
ﺖﺳ . ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺍ
ﻱ ﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻨﻏ ﺭﺩ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥ
ﮏﻤﮐ ﻲﻨﻴﻣ ﻭ ﻲﺴﮐﺎﺗ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻧﺍﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺱﻮﺑ
، ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺶﻴﭘ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ
] ۳۸ .[
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺍ
ﻱ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺝﻮﺒﻣﺎﮐ ﻭ ﻕﺍﺮﻋ ﻝﺎﻤﺷ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﮏﻳﺪﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘ ﮏﻳﺪﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻣﺩﺮﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺍﺭ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺎﻫ
ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﮒﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﺮﻴﻣﻭ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ
ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺖﺣﺍﺮﺟ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﺕﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
] ۳۹ .[
ﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ
، ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ۱۰ ﻟﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﻭﺮﻓ ﺩﺮﮕ ﻲﻳﺍﻮﻫ ﺩﺍﺪﻣﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻣﺎﻈﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ .
ﻲﻳﺍﻮﻫ ﺲﻧﻻﻮﺒﻣﺁ ﮎﺭﺍﺪﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﻠﻫ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ
ﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺎﺑ ﺮﮕ ﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﺩﺍﺩﺭﺍﺮﻗ .
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﮐ ﺮﻫ ۴
ﻟﺎﺑ ﺩﺮﮕ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﺭﺩ
ﮏﻳﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﻨﻠﻫ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻥﺪﻧﺎﺳﺭ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﺍ
] ۳۴ .[
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
، ﮊﻭﺮﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺲﻧﻻﻮﺒﻣﺁ ﻟﺎﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺩﺮﮕ
ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺎﻤﻴﭘﺍﻮﻫ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻴﺘﺸﭘ ﻭ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻝﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
] ۴۰ [.
ﺭﺩ ﺕﻻﺎﻳﺍ
ﻩﺪﺤﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﭼﺮﻫ ﺎﮑﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﻟﺎﺑ
ﺩﺮﮕ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺢﻴﺟﺮﺗ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻮﺷ ﻧﺪ
، ﺖﺟ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻝﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻤﻴﭘﺍﻮﻫ ﺎﻣﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻳﻮﻧﺎﺛ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ
] ۳۴ .[
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﺶﻴﭘ ﺲﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﺯﺍ ﹰﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﻮﺧ
ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﻳﻮﻣ ﻱﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ .
ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ
ﺭﺍﺩ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺎﺗ ﻲﺘﻤﺣﺯﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃ ﺩ
. ﺭﻮﻧﺎﻣ
ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ
، ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻭ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﺖﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
، ﮏﻤﮐ ﻞﮑﺗﻭﺮﭘ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﻭ ﻲﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺩ ﻲﻀﺘﻘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻭ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ .
ﺮﮑﺸﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺍﺩﺭﺪﻗ ﻻﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ :
ﻭ ﺙﺩﺍﻮﺣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻥ
ﺖﻳﺭﻮﻓ ﺭﻮﺸﮐ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ
ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻳﺎﻗﺁ ﻥﺎ ﻲﻣﻮﺼﻌﻣ ﺮﺘﮐﺩ
، ﺭﻭﺮﺳ ﺮﺘﮐﺩ ﻭ
ﻭ ﻱﻮﻨﻌﻣ ﻢﻧﺎﺧ
ﻭ ﺲﻤﺸﻟﺍﻮﺑﺍ ﺎﻫ ﺕﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺖﻧﻭﺎﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺳﻭﺎﮑﻴﮐ
ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ، ﻲ
ﻱﺭﺍﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻭ
ﻲﻣ ﻢﻴﻳﺎﻤﻧ .
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
1- Junaid A. Emergency medical care in developing countries:
Is it worthwhile? Bull World Health Organ. 2002;80(11):24-9.
2- Olive C, Adnan A, Charle M. Emergency medical systems in low and middle-income countries. Bull World Health Organ.
2005;83(8):626-31.
3- World Health Organization. The world health report 2003:
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