59 1386 ﺪﻨﻔﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻤﻬﺑ ،18 ﻭ 17 ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ
،ﻚﻳﺭﺎﻜﻣ ﺎﻤﻳﺭ ﺎﻧﺮﻳﺍ ،ﺮﺻﺎﻌﻣ ﻲﺑﺩﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﺩ .4 ،ﻝﻭﺍ پﺎﭼ ،ﻩﺎﮔﺁ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻱﻮﺒﻧ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻭ ﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﻣ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ .ﺹ 594 ،ﺵ1384
ﻥﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﺩﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺰﺟﻮﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺓﮋﻳﻭ ﺕﺎﺣﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﻭ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ 150 ﺭﺎﻛ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻦﺘﻣ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻮﺘﻧﺭﻮﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻡ 1993 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺼﺘﺨﻣ ﻭ ﻲﺸﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ ﻲﻌﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻞﺧﺪﻣ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻦﺘﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺬﺧﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﻭﺭ ﻪﺑﻭﺭ ،ﻪﺘﺸﮔ ﻢﻈﻨﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻲﻳﺎﺒﻔﻟﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﻛﺫ ﺰﺘﻧﺍﺮﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻲﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻞﺧﺪﻣ ﺮﻫ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ (518ـ469 ﺹ :ﻚﻧ) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻉﺎﺟﺭﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﺑ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﺮﻫ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺮﻛﺫ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺕﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺕﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻔﮔ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺓﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑﺭﺩ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻉﺎﺟﺭﺍ .ﺖﺴﻫ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ـ ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺔﻣﺎﻧ ﻩژﺍﻭ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ
ﻲﺒﺣﺎﺻ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺪﻴﺳ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻭ ﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﻣ ،ﻲﺑﺩﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﺘﻔﮔ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻥﺎﮔژﺍﻭ .5
.ﺹ223+239 ،ﺵ1381 ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻝﻭﺍ پﺎﭼ ،ﻩﺎﮔﺁ ،ﻱﻮﺒﻧ
ﻥﺎﮔژﺍﻭ ﻪﻛ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﺑﺯﻭﺩ ﻱﺪﻣﺎﺴﺑ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻚﻳ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﻲﺑﺩﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ،ﻲﺑﺩﺍ ﺪﻘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺎﺣﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﻭ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ،ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻭ ،ﻲﺑﺩﺍ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺮﺑﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺮﺗﺎﺌﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺳ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺡﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺎﻳ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﺟﺮﺘﻣ ﻱﻮﺳ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻩژﺍﻭ /ﻲﺑﺎﻳ ﻩژﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻔﻟﺆﻣ ،ﺰﻴﻧ ﺕﺎﺣﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ 297 ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻭ ﺮﻛﺫ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﻭ :ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺳ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻞﺧﺪﻣ 9500 ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ـ ﻲﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ .ﻒﻟﺍ ﻢﻛﺎﺣ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻳﻮﺟ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻲﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﺟ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺡﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﺮﻫ ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﺮﻫ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻌﺒﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐﺗﺮﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻞﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﺪﻣﺎﺴﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﻲﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻬﻧﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻌﺒﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻲﻤﻳﺪﻗ ﺖﺴﺨﻧ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻛﺫ ﺮﺗﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ،ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ،ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺁ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻞﺧﺪﻣ 16000 ﻱﻭﺎﺣ ﻲﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ـ ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺶﺨﺑ .ﺏ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻢﻛﺎﺣ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻳﻮﺟ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻲﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺡﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﺮﻫ ﻲﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻝﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺴﺨﻧ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﻛﺫ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ .ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺔﻣﺎﻧ ﻩژﺍﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﻨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻭ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ ،ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ .ﺝ
ﺹ.ﻡ
1386 ﺪﻨﻔﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻤﻬﺑ ،18 ﻭ 17 ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ 60
پﺎﭼ ،ﻩﺎﮕﻧ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻲﻨﻴﺴﺣﺪﻴﺳ ﺎﺿﺭ ،ﻲﺑﺩﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺐﺘﻜﻣ .6 .ﺹ1209 ،ﺝ 2 ،ﺵ1376 (ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺮﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﻝﻭﺍ پﺎﭼ) ﻢﻫﺩ
ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﺑﺮﻏ ﻲﺑﺩﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ ،ﻲﺑﺩﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺐﺘﻜﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ .ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ پﺎﭼ ﺮﺼﺘﺨﻣ ﻭ ﺰﺟﻮﻣ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺵ1334 ،ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﻭ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻪﺳ ﻝﺎﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻱﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻱﺮﻨﻫ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺩﺍ ﺕﻻﻮﺤﺗ ﺔﭽﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﺔﻤﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺪﻴﭘ ﻞﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﻥﺮﻗ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ .ﺪﻳﻮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻦﺨﺳ ﻲﺑﺩﺍ ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﺨﺳ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﺮﻫ ﻝﻮﺻﺍ ﻭ ﻚﻳﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﻫ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ،ﻪﺘﻓﺭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺐﺗﺎﻜﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺔﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺮﻬﭼ ﻲﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻪﺑ ،ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺰﺟ ،ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺍﺪﻨﭼ ﺓﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ .ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﺲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺭ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﺘﻣ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﺮﻏ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻟﺎﺧ ﻲﻋﺎﺟﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻗﺭﻭﺎﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻥﻭﺮﻗ ﺓﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻲﺒﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﻛﺫ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻲﻠﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺪﻴﭘ ﻭ ﺲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺭ ﻭ ﻲﻄﺳﻭ :ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻭﺩ ﺓﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ،(77ـ37 ﺹ) ﻙﻭﺭﺎﺑ .ﻚﻳ ﻂﻠﺴﺗ ﻭ ﺖﻛﺮﺣ :ﻙﻭﺭﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﺮﻨﻫ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺮﻨﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺭﺪﻣ ﺮﻨﻫ ﺖﻫﺎﺒﺷ ﻭ ﻲﻨﺘﻧﻮﻣ ﺕﺎﻌﺒﺘﺗ ،ﺭﻮﻛﺩ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﻦﺨﺳ ﻙﻭﺭﺎﺑ ﻱﻭﺎﺣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ،(157ـ79 ﺹ) ﻢﺴﻴﺴﻴﺳﻼﻛ .ﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻝﻮﺻﺍ ،ﺲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺭ ﻭ ﻢﺴﻴﻧﺎﻣﻭﺍ :ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻠﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ،ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔﺩﺮﺧ ،ﺪﻴﻠﻘﺗ ،ﻝﺩﺎﻌﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻛ ﻢﺴﻴﺴﻴﺳﻼﻛ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻭ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺕﺪﺣﻭ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺖﻘﻴﻘﺣ ،ﺡﻮﺿﻭ
ﻚﻴﺳﻼﻛ ﻲﺑﺩﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﻳﺎﻤﻧ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ .ﻢﺴﻴﺴﻴﺳﻼﻛﻮﺌﻧ ﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺴﺟ ،(266ـ161ﺹ) ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻧﺎﻣﻭﺭ .ﻪﺳ :ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻧﺎﻣﻭﺭ ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﻝﻮﺻﺍ ،ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻧﺎﻣﻭﺭﺎﺸﻴﭘ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﻒﺸﻛ ،ﺖﺣﺎﻴﺳ ﻭ ﺰﻳﺮﮔ ،ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ،ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻧﺎﻣﺭ ﻭ ﻚﻴﺘﻧﺎﻣﻭﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ...ﻭ ﺩﻮﻬﺷ .ﻲﻳﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ،(390ـ269ﺹ) ﻢﺴﻴﻟﺎﺋﺭ .ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻭ ﻙﺍﺰﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ :ﺪﻳﻮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻦﺨﺳ ﻲﺒﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺯﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻝﻮﺤﺗ ،ﻢﺴﻴﻟﺎﺋﺭ ﻭ ﻢﺴﻴﺘﻧﺎﻣﻭﺭ ﺩﺮﺒﻧ ،ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺑﻮﻠﻓ ﻢﺴﻴﻟﺎﺋﺭ ،ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﻨﻴﻋ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﻭﺮﺑ ،ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﻲﻳﻭﺩﺎﺟ ﻢﺴﻴﻟﺎﺋﺭ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺴﻴﻟﺎﻴﺳﻮﺳ ﻢﺴﻴﻟﺎﺋﺭ ،ﺍﻭژﺭﻮﺑ ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﻭﺩﺎﺟ ﻢﺴﻴﻟﺎﺋﺭ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ .(370 ﺹ :ﻚﻧ) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ،ﻱﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺮﻛﺫ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ،(469ـ393ﺹ) ﻢﺴﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﺗﺎﻧ .ﺞﻨﭘ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺎﻬﻨﭘﻮﺷ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ :ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻢﺴﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﺗﺎﻧ ،ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺕﻻﻮﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻲﺘﺷﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻦﺘﻔﮔ ﻦﺨﺳ ،ﺖﺛﺍﺭﻭ ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﻭ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻴﺋﺰﺟ ﺡﺮﺷ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﺪﻋ ﻲﺑ ﻭ ﺮﻘﻓ ﻊﻳﺎﺠﻓ ﻲﺑﺩﺍ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺭﻭﺎﺤﻣ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺴﻴﻟﺍﺭﻮﺗﺎﻧ .ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ،(495ـ 473ﺹ) ﺱﺎﻧﺭﺎﭘ ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﻭ ﺮﻨﻫ ﺕﺭﺎﺑ ﺮﻨﻫ .ﺶﺷ ،ﻱﺮﻨﻫ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﺒﻳﺯ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﻁﻭﺮﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺱﺄﻳ ﻭ ﻚﻴﺳﻼﻛ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻋﺎﺷ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻦﺨﺳ ﻲﻨﻴﻋ ﻮﻴﺘﻛﮋﺑﻭﺍ ﺮﻌﺷ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺸﻳﺍ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺪﻴﻣﺍﺎﻧ ﻭ .ﺪﻳﻮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻡﻭﺩ ﺪﻠﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻠﺟ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺖﻳﺎﻨﻋ ﺏﺮﻏ ﺮﺻﺎﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻮﺒﻣﺭ ،ﺮﻟﺩﻮﺑ :ﻥﺁ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺓﺮﻬﭼ ﻪﺳ ﻭ ﻥﺭﺪﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ .(528ـ509ﺹ :ﻚﻧ) ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻪﻣﺭﻻﺎﻣ :ﺖﺳﺍ ﻞﻳﺫ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺑ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻥﺍﺮﻋﺎﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ،(609ـ529ﺹ) ﻢﺴﻴﻟﻮﺒﻤﺳ .ﻚﻳ ،ﻢﺴﻳﻮﻴﺘﻛﮋﺑﻮﺳ :ﻢﺴﻴﻟﻮﺒﻤﺳ ﻝﻮﺻﺍ ،ﻂﺤﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﻔﻧ ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻢﺟﺎﻬﺗ ،ﻡﺎﻬﺑﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻳﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻞﻴﺨﺗ ،ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻩﻭﺪﻧﺍ ﺮﻌﺷ ﻭ ﺏﺎﻧ ﺮﻌﺷ ،...ﻭ ﻡﻼﻛ ﻲﻘﻴﺳﻮﻣ ،ﻩﺮﻣﺯﻭﺭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺸﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻢﺴﻴﻟﻮﺒﻤﺳ ﻭ ﻚﻴﻟﻮﺒﻤﺳ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ،ﺩﺍﺯﺁ .ﺪﻳﻮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻦﺨﺳ ﻪﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ
61 1386 ﺪﻨﻔﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻦﻤﻬﺑ ،18 ﻭ 17 ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ
ﺎﺑ ﺎﻳ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻢﺴﻴﻟﻮﺒﻤﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺐﺘﻜﻣ .ﻭﺩ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ،(646 ـ611 ﺹ) ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﻥﺁ ،ﻢﺴﻳﺭﻮﺗﺎﻧ ،ﻦﻣﻭﺭ ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﺓﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺰﺟﻮﻣ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻘﻧ ﻲﺒﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺖﺴﻳژﺎﻤﻳﺍ ﻭ ﻢﺴﻴﻤﻴﻧﺎﻧﻭﺍ ،ﻲﻨﻃﻭ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻋﺎﺷ ﻞﺻﺍ ﻪﺳ ﺓﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻛ ﺝﺍﺮﺧﺍ ،ءﻲﺷ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ :ﺎﻫ ﺖﺴﻳژﺎﻤﻳﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻚﻳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺮﻌﺷ ﻪﻌﻄﻗ ﻚﻳ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ ،ﻲﻓﺎﺿﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﻦﺨﺳ ﻲﻘﻴﺳﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ،(695ـ647ﺹ) ﻪﻴﺳﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﻝﻮﺤﺗ .ﻪﺳ ﻡﺎﺒﻨﺨﻳﺁ ﺕﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﺓﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑﺭﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺳ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ــ ﺖﺴﻴﻟﺎﻣﺮﻓ ﺪﻘﺘﻨﻣ ــ ﻲﺳﻭﺭ ﻢﺴﻳﺍ ﻪﻤﻛﺁ ﻭ ﻢﺴﻳﺭﻮﺗﻮﻓ ﻭ ﻢﺴﻴﻟﻮﺒﻤﺳ ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺓﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ،ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻳﻮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻦﺨﺳ ﻢﺴﻳﺭﻮﺗﻮﻓ ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﺎﻴﻟﺎﺘﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺒﺘﻜﻣ ،(678ـ660ﺹ :ﻚﻧ) ﻢﺴﻳﺭﻮﺗﻮﻓ .ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺞﻳﻭﺮﺗ ﻪﻴﺳﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻪﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺵﻼﺗ ﺓﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻜﺒﺳ ﻦﻨﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻮﻧ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻱﺍﺪﺻﻭﺮﺳ .ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑﺎﭘ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺑﺩﺍ ﻱﻭﺎﺣ ،(726ـ667ﺹ) ﻢﺴﻴﻧﻮﻴﺳﺮﭙﺴﻛﺍ .ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻥﺪﻤﺗ ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﺩﻮﻤﻧﺯﺎﺑ ﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺗﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺑﻼﻘﻧﺍ ﻲﻨﻴﺒﺷﻮﺧ ﻭ ﻲﻟﺰﻐﺗ ﺱﺄﻳ .ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺓﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑﺭﺩ ،(746ـ727ﺹ) ﻢﺴﻴﺑﻮﻛ .ﺞﻨﭘ ﻢﺴﻴﺑﻮﻛ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﮓﻨﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺑﺩﺍ ﻢﻜﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ،(778ـ747ﺹ) ﻢﺴﻴﺋﺍﺩﺍﺩ .ﺶﺷ .ﻱﺪﻌﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﭼﺎﺒﻳﺩ ،ﺭﺎﺘﻔﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ،(958ـ779ﺹ) ﻢﺴﻴﻟﺎﺋﺭﻮﺳ .ﺖﻔﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃ ﺶﻳﺍﺪﻴﭘ :ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺗﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻥﻮﻨﻓ ،ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻴﻧﺎﻴﺑ ،ﻥﺁ ﻑﻼﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻢﺴﻴﻟﺎﺋﺭﻮﺳ ﻭ ﺖﻔﮕﺷ ﺮﻣﺍ ،ﻩﺎﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻴﻋ ﺰﻨﻃ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻛ ﻢﺴﻴﻟﺎﺋﺭﻮﺳ
ﻲﻨﻴﻋ ﻑﺩﺎﺼﺗ ،ﻲﮕﻧﺍﻮﻳﺩ ،ﺎﻳﻭﺭ ،ﺭﺎﻛﺩﻮﺧ ﺵﺭﺎﮕﻧ ،ﻭﺩﺎﺟ ،ﻲﺷﺎﻘﻧ ،ﺮﻌﺷ ﺓﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻝﺎﺋﺭﻮﺳ ﻱﺎﻴﺷﺍ ﻭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺚﺤﺑ ﻲﺘﺴﻴﻟﺎﺋﺭﻮﺳ ﻱﺎﻤﻨﻴﺳ ﻭ ﺮﺗﺎﺌﺗ ﻲﺑﺮﻏ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﻘﻣ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺮﺑﺭﺩ ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺒﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ (996ـ959ﺹ) ﻢﺴﻴﻟﺎﻴﺴﻧﺎﺘﺴﻳﺰﮔﺍ .ﺖﺸﻫ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺖﻟﺎﺻﺍ ﺔﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻭ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺘﻔﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﺑﺩﺍ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺩﻮﻤﻧﺯﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﮔﺭﺰﺑ ــ ﺮﺗﺭﺎﺳ ﻞﭘ ﻥﺍژ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻉﻮﻬﺗ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺝﺭﺩ ــ ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺓﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻑﻮﺴﻠﻴﻓ .(979 ﺹ :ﻚﻧ) ﺮﺗﺎﺌﺗ ﺓﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺖﺴﺨﻧ (1056ـ997ﺹ) ﻮﻧ ﺮﺗﺎﺌﺗ .ﻪﻧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻳﻮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻦﺨﺳ ﻲﻫﺎﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻲﭼﻮﭘ ﺭﻮﺗﺭﺁ ،ﺖﻜﺑ ﻞﺋﻮﻣﺎﺳ ،ﻮﻜﺴﻧﻮﻳ ﻥژﻭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻥﺎﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻦﺗ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻭ ﻪﻧژ ﻥﺍژ ،ﻒﻣﺍﺩﺁ ﺓﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺟﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺚﺤﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﺍﺭ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ ﻥﺮﻗ گﺭﺰﺑ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻘﻧ ﻥﺎﺸﻳﺍ ﻝﺍﻮﺣﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻨﺨﺳ (1157ـ1057ﺹ) ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﻲﺴﻳﺩﺮﮔﺩ .ﻩﺩ ﻲﻳﻮﮔ ﻚﺗ ،ﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗ ﻡ1920 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﻝﻮﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺚﺤﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺪﺿ ﻮﻧ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ،ﻦﻫﺫ ﻝﺎﻴﺳ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﻭ ﻮﻧ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺼﺑ ﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ ،ﻥﺁ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺏﻮﭼﺭﺎﭼ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻭ ﻪﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ،ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﻭ ﺔﻟﺰﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ» ﺔﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ .ﻥﺎﻣﺭ :ﻚﻧ) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺭﻮﺗﻮﺑ ﻞﺸﻴﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ «ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ .(1117 ﺹ ﺎﺑ ﺏﺮﻏ ﺕﺎﻴﺑﺩﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ» ﺍﺭ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻒﻟﺆﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺭ ﺓﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻠﺼﻓ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ «ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﺔﻫﺩ ﻪﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻟﻮﺤﺗ ﺮﺑ ... ﻱﺯﺎﻏﺁﺮﺳ» ﺍﺭ ﺖﺳﺍ .(1158 ﺹ) ﺪﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ «ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺥﺭ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺹﺎﺨﺷﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺔﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻭ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ
.ﺩﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻲﻣ
ﺹ.ﻡ
