1387 ﺭﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﻣ ،24 ﻭ 23 ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ 58
ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ ،ﻪﻨﻴﺗﺭﺎﻣ ﻩﺭﺪﻧﺁ ،
ﻰﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻰﻧﺎﺒﻣ
.13 ،ﺹ327 + ﺖﺴﻴﺑ ،1 چ ،ﺲﻣﺮﻫ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻥﺎﻴﻧﻼﻴﻣ ﺰﻣﺮﻫ .ﺵ1380ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻯﻮﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﻨﻴﺗﺭﺎﻣ ﻩﺭﺪﻧﺁ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺍﺮﮕﺸﻘﻧ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯﻭﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﺟﺍﻭ ﺓﺯﻮﺣﺭﺩﻰﻌﻴﺳﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻝﻮﺻﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ،ﺰﺟﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻰﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻯﺎﻬﺷﻭﺭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺐﺘﻜﻣ ﻯﺎﻬﺸﻘﻧ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻚﻳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺓﺪﻧﺭﻭﺁﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﻯﺎﻬﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻯﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻦﻳﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ :ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻞﺼﻓ ﺶﺷ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻰﻣ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣ ،ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻛ ﺓﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻰﺟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻞﺼﻓ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻰﻣ ﺚﺤﺑ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺷﺍﻭﺁ ﻭ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ؛ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻭﺩ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻯﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻚﻳ ﻰﻳﺍﻭﺁ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻞﺼﻓ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺗﺎﻳﻭﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩﺰﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻰﺒﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻮﺤﻧ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﻨﻌﻣ ﻯﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ ،ﻩﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻭ ﺎﻫژﺍﻮﻜﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺕﻼﻤﺟ ﺔﻳﺰﺠﺗ :ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﻳ ﺖﺸﻬﻧ ﻢﻫ ﻯﺎﻬﺧﺎﺳ ،ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺎﻳ ﺎﻫژﺍﻮﻜﺗ ﺐﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ .ﻯﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﺕﻻﻮﻘﻣ ﺎﻳ ﺎﻫژﺍﻮﻜﺗ ﻯﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻭ ﺐﻛﺮﻣ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻛ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﻨﻌﻣ ﻯﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷﻮﻛ ﻰﻣ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻨﻴﺗﺭﺎﻣ ًﺎﻓﺮﺻ ﻰﺑﻮﭼﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺭﺩ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻰﻳﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﻮﻟﺎﺷ ﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻯﺎﻬﺷﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ .ﺩﺯﺎﺳ ﺮﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺍﺮﮕﺸﻘﻧ
ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻮﺤﻧ ﻰﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻰﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ .ﺖﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻰﺑﺩﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺠﻬﻟ ،ﻥﺁ ﻞﻠﻋ ،ﺎﻬﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻰﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﻢﺠﻨﭘ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ .ﺪﻳﻮﮔ ﻰﻣ ﻦﺨﺳ ﺎﻬﺸﻳﻮﮔ ﻰﻧﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺶﺨﺑ .ﺖﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﻰﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﻭ ﻰﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﻛ ﻰﺟﺍﻭ ﻯﺎﻬﻫﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻝﻮﺤﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻰﺜﺤﺑ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺔﺒﻨﺟ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺕﺎﻜﻧ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺷﻮﻛ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻢﺟﺮﺘﻣ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻰﻀﻌﺑ ﻥﺎﻴﻧﻼﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ .ﺪﺑﺎﻴﺑ ﻰﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻯﺎﻬﻟﺎﺜﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺓﮋﻳﻭ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻰﺧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺓﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﺕﺎﺣﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻰﻗﺭﻭﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻰﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻂﺧ ﻪﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻰﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺎﺣﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﻭ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺝﺭﺩ
ﻰﺒﺣﺎﺻ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺪﻴﺳ
،ﺭﻮﺳﻮﺳ ﻭﺩ ﻥﺎﻨﻳﺩﺮﻓ ،
ﻰﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ
.14 ،ﻝﻭﺍ پﺎﭼ ،ﺲﻣﺮﻫ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻯﻮﻔﺻ ﺵﺭﻮﻛ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ .ﺵ1378 ،ﺹ343 + ﻩﺩﺯﻮﻧ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳﻮﻧ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻰﻧﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺭﻮﺳﻮﺳ ﻥﺎﻨﻳﺩﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻥﻮﮔﺮﮔﺩ ﻰﻠﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭﺍ ﻯﺍﺭﺁ .ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻰﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺝﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺶﻳﺍﺪﻴﭘ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻭ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺮﺑ ﻭﺍ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ .ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺱﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﻯﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺮﺻﺎﻌﻣ ﻰﺑﺩﺍ ﻪﺳ ﻮﻧژ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ ﺓﺪﺳ ﻦﻳﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻯﺎﻬﻟﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻰﺴﻴﺋﻮﺳ ﺕﺍﻭﺰﺟ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ؛ﺩﺮﻛ ﺭﺍﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﺱﻼﻛ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻯﺎﻬﺴﻳﻮﻨﺘﺳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻯﺮﻴﮔ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺎﻬﺳﻼﻛ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ﺪﻣﺁ ﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﺶﻧﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻦﺗ ﻭﺩ ﺖﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ،ﻭﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ .ﺪﺷ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ ﻡ1916 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺍ گﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻰﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺭﻮﺳﻮﺳ :ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻞﺼﻓ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻭ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﻚﻳ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﮕﻨﺨﺳ ﻰﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺮﻛ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺭﺎﺘﻔﮔ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ،ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷﺯﺎﺑ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻂﺧ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻰﻤﻠﻋ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺷﺍﻭﺁ ﺏﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻫ ﻰﺜﺤﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻰﻣ ﻦﺨﺳ ﻥﺁ .ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻰﻣ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻛ ﺏﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﻮﺳﻮﺳ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻝﻮﻟﺪﻣ ﻭ ﻝﺍﺩ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻭ ﻰﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ59 1387 ﺭﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﻣ ،24 ﻭ 23 ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ
ﺪﻌﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻧﺍ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻥﺁ ،ﺩﺮﻛ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﻰﻨﺷﻭﺭ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭﺍ .(ﻰﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ) ﻰﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻭ (ﻰﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ) ﻰﻧﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﺶﻧﺍﻭﺮﻴﭘ ﻡﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺪﻧﺍﺩ ﻰﻣ ﻯﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻭ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻚﻳ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻑﻮﻄﻌﻣ ﻰﻧﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻰﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺔﻤﻫ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻰﻧﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯﻪﺑﻡﻭﺩﺶﺨﺑ.ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﻨﭼ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﻭﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﺳﻮﺳ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻯﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﻰﻣﺎﻈﻧ ﻭ ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟﻭﺩ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻰﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟﻭﺩ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻰﻨﻴﺸﻨﻤﻫ ﺪﻌﺑ :ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﻰﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻰﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻯﺎﺘﺳﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻰﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ ،ﻰﻨﻴﺸﻧﺎﺟ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﻰﻣ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻡﻭﺩ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻰﻳﺍﻭﺁ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻰﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺶﺨﺑ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻰﻣ ﺚﺤﺑ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻕﻮﺒﺴﻣ ﻰﺜﺤﺑ ﻰﻧﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻭ ﻰﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺓﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻰﺒﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻯﻭﺎﺣ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﺭﻮﺳﻮﺳ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻞﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻧﺎﺑﺯ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﮕﻧ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ﺮﮕﻧ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻢﺸﭼ ﻭﺩ ﻯﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻣﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻰﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ﻰﺘﻳﺎﻜﺣ ﺡﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﻧ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻯﺎﻤﻧﺭﻭﺩ ﻡﺰﻠﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﮕﻧ ﺲﭘ ﻯﺎﻤﻧﺭﻭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ ﺩﺎﻨﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺪﻘﻧ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﻮﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻯﺯﺎﺳﺯﺎﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻰﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺓﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺱﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻰﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﺯﺍ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻯﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻰﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻯﺍ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻰﻣ ﻯﺮﺗ ﻰﻤﻳﺪﻗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻰﺷﺎﻧ ﻰﻧﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺶﺨﺑ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺪﻴﭘ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻨﻬﻛ ،ﺮﮕﻧ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻰﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻭ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻰﻳﺎﭘﻭﺭﺍ ﻯﺎﻬﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺵﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺳﻮﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺭ ﻰﺗﺎﻜﻧ ﻥﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻣ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ .ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﺎﻬﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻰﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﺹ.ﻡ
ﺪﻤﺣﺍ ﺔﻤﺟﺮﺗ ،ﻰﻜﺴﻣﻮﭼ ﻡﺎﻌﻧ ،
ﻯﻮﺤﻧ ﻯﺎﻬﺘﺧﺎﺳ
.15 .ﺵ1374 ،ﺹ190 ،2 چ ،ﻰﻣﺯﺭﺍﻮﺧ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻰﻌﻴﻤﺳ گﺭﺰﺑ ﻰﺑﻼﻘﻧﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ پﺎﭼ ﺎﺑ 1957 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻰﻜﺴﻣﺎﭼ ـ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﺸﮔ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻢﻠﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻰﻳﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺍ ﺱﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻭ ﻑﻮﺴﻠﻴﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺩﺎﻬﻧ ﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻰﺸﻳﺍﺯ ﻰﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺶﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻰﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻢﺷ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﺋﺎﻗ ﻯﺍ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺏﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺭﺩ :ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻰﻣ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻩﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻰﻣ ﻦﺨﺳ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﻝﻼﻘﺘﺳﺍﻥﺩﻮﺑﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﻨﻌﻣ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻤﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻯﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻰﻜﺴﻣﺎﭼ .ﺩﻮﺷ ﻰﻣ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ ،ﺩﺮﻤﺷ ﻰﻜﻳ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﻯﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻰﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻰﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﺒﺛﺍ ﻰﻠﻳﻻﺩ ﺮﻛﺫ ﺎﺑ ،ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻭ ﻰﭘﺎﻴﭘ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﺪﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻰﻣ ﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺪﻨﻳﺍﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﺑﺎﻧ ﻥﺎﻳﺍﺮﮔﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺭﻭﺎﺑ ﻰﻜﺴﻣﺎﭼ .ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﻰﻣ ﻰﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﺸﮔ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻰﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ (ﺔﻠﻤﺟ) ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﻯﻭﺭ ﻯﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﺭﺎﺘﺸﮔ ﺮﻫ ؛ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻰﻣ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻰﻣﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻰﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻯﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻯﺍ ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﻖﺘﺸﻣ ﻰﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻯﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻯﺍ ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﺔﺘﺷﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻯﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺍ ﺔﺘﻔﮔ ﻪﺑ .ﺩﺯﺎﺳ ﻰﻣ ﻝﺪﺒﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫژﺍﻮﻜﺗ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻰﺟﺍﻭ ـ ﻯژﺍﻮﻜﺗ ﻥﺎﮔژﺍﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻰﻣ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﺎﻬﺟﺍﻭ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﮔﺍ ،ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ؛ﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﻰﻣ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﻈﻧﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻯﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﺔﻴﻬﺗ ،ﺩﺮﻴﮕﺑ ﺮﺑﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻰﺟﺍﻭ ـ ﻯژﺍﻮﻜﺗ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻭ ﻰﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻢﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﺸﮔ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺍﺭ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ .ﺩﺯﺎﺳ ﻰﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺍﺩ ﻰﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﻰﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻰﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﺸﮔ ﺓﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻰﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺩﺯﺎﺳ ﻰﻣ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﮕﻨﺨﺳ ﻪﻛ ﻯﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ،ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻰﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻯﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺕﻼﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻯﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣﺎﻧ ﻮﺤﻧ ﺔﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻰﻜﺴﻣﺎﭼ .ﺪﻨﺑﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻯﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻰﻣ ﺚﺤﺑ ﻰﺳﺎﻨﺷﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﻚﻳ ﻯﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﻰﻜﺴﻣﺎﭼ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ .ﺪﻧﺯ ﻰﻣ ﺖﺳﺩ ،ﺩﺮﻛ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻯﺭﺎﺘﺸﮔ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗ ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻑﺭژ ﺓﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ،
ﻮﺤﻧ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻯﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ
،ﻭﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺭﺩ ،ﺖﺧﺎﺳﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻰﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻚﻴﺿﺎﻳﺭ ﻰﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻥﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺕﺎﺣﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺤﻣ ،ﻮﺳ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ،ﺩﺯﺎﺳ ﻰﻣ ﺭﺍﻮﺷﺩ ﻰﻛﺪﻧﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻰﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻊﺟﺍﺭ ﻰﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ .ﺩﺍﺩ ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻯﺎﻬﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻰﻤﻧ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﻰﺳﺭﺎﻓ ـ ﻰﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻯﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻩژﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﺘﻛﺹ.ﻡ
