ﺮان ﯾ ا ﯾﯽ ﻊ ﻏﺬا ﯾ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺻﻨﺎ - مجله علوم و صنایع غذایی ایران

ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ لﺎﻌﻓ

يوﺎﺣ ﺪﺑﺮﺒﯿﻫ ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫﻮﻧﺎﻧ سر

/ لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ و

چرﺎﻗ ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﺎﻤﯿﺑ يﺎﻫ

ير از

ﯽﻗاﺮﻋ ﻦﯿﺴﺣ رﺎﮕﺘﺳر ﻪﻤﯿﺳ ،1

جﺎﺗ ﺖﺠﻬﺑ ،2

ﻦﯾﺪﻟا

3

هاﻮﺨﮑﯿﻧ ناﻮﺟ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،*

ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،4

ﻪﻤﺸﭼﺮﺳ يﺮﮑﺴﻋ ﯽﻠﻋ

5

1 - ناﺮﯾا ،سﺎﺒﻋرﺪﻨﺑ ،نﺎﮔﺰﻣﺮﻫ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و يزروﺎﺸﮐ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ زا ﺲﭘ يژﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ يﺮﺘﮐد يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد .

2 - ﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و يزروﺎﺸﮐ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﯽﻧﺎﺒﻏﺎﺑ مﻮﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ رﺎﯿﺸﻧاد ناﺮﯾا ،سﺎﺒﻋرﺪﻨﺑ ،نﺎﮔﺰﻣﺮﻫ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻌﯿ

.

3 - شزﻮﻣآ ،تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ،يزروﺎﺸﮐ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ و ﯽﻨﻓ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺴﺳﻮﻣ ،ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ زا ﺲﭘ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ و ﯽﺋاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ هوﺮﮔ رﺎﯿﺸﻧاد

ناﺮﯾا ،جﺮﮐ ،يزروﺎﺸﮐ ﺞﯾوﺮﺗ و .

4 -

،ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و يزروﺎﺸﮐ ﺲﯾدﺮﭘ ،ﯽﻧﺎﺒﻏﺎﺑ مﻮﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ رﺎﯿﺸﻧاد جﺮﮐ

ناﺮﯾا ، .

5 - ناﺮﯾا ،جﺮﮐ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و يزروﺎﺸﮐ ﺲﯾدﺮﭘ ،ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎﯿﮔ هوﺮﮔ دﺎﺘﺳا .

ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﮑﭼ

ﯿ هﺪ

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺎﻫ ﺦ ي ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ :

رﺎﺗ ﯾ رد ﺦ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 16 / 07 / 99

رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺬﭘ ﺦ ﯾ شﺮ : 14 / 01 / 1400

ﻠﮐ تﺎﻤﻠﮐ ﯿ

ﺪ ي :

ﻮﻧﺎﻧ

،سر ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫ

،ﯽﭼرﺎﻗ ﺪﺿ صاﻮﺧ

،نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ

ﻪﺘﺴﺑ

،يﺪﻨﺑ

ﯽﻨﻏور ﺲﻧﺎﺳا .

DOI: 10.29252/fsct.18.06.18

ﻮﺌﺴﻣ 

تﺎﺒﺗﺎﮑﻣ ل : b.tajeddin@areeo.ac.ir

ﻪﺘﺴﺑ رد تارذ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﻮﻣ مﺎﮔ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ يﺪﻨﺑ

ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ تﺎﻌﯾﺎﺿ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﻬﺟ رد يﺮﺛ

يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺖﺳا نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ يرﺎﺒﻧا ﺮﻤﻋ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و از .

ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا ياﺮﺟا زا فﺪﻫ

ﯽﻠﭘ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺖﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﯽﭼرﺎﻗ ﺪﺿ ﺮﺛا سر ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﯾﺮﺒﯿﻫ يوﺎﺣ ﮏﺒﺳ ﻦﻠﯿﺗا

/ لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ

چرﺎﻗ يور نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ و يﺎﻫ

ﺮﺠﯿﻧ سﻮﻠﯿﺟﺮﭙﺳآ ﭙﺳآ ،

سوﻼﻓ سﻮﻠﯿﺟﺮ اﺮﻨﯿﺳ ﺲﯿﺘﯾﺮﺗﻮﺑ ،

ﯽﻨﭘ ، مﻮﯿﻠﺳ و

اﺰﯾروا سﻮﭘوﺰﯾار ﯽﮔﺪﯿﺳﻮﭘ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ،

ﺖﺳا يزروﺎﺸﮐ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ زا ﺲﭘ يﺎﻫ .

،ور ﻦﯾا زا

ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﯽﻠﭘ ﯽﺘﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐﻮﻧﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ يوﺎﺣ ﮏﺒﺳ ﻦﻠﯿﺗا

5 / 1 و 3 سر ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﺻرد /

و ،لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ 1

و 2

هﺰﯿﻣآ ﺎﺑ نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ ﺪﺻرد ود ردوﺮﺘﺴﮐا رد يزﺎﺳ

زا و ﻪﭽﯿﭘرﺎﻣ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ

هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺪﺿ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ و ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﯽﺸﻣد

ﺪﺷ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا قﻮﻓ چرﺎﻗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺞﻨﭘ يور نآ ﯽﭼرﺎﻗ .

ﺪﺷر ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﮐ دﺮﮐ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ

ﻪﺑ ،ﯽﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣ چرﺎﻗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺞﻨﭘ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ

سر ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ يراد /

لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ

دراد راﺮﻗ . رادزﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ يوﺎﺣ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﮔﺪﻧ

3 سر ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﺻرد /

لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ

دﻮﺑ . ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ يوﺎﺣ چرﺎﻗ ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ يراد

ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ .

ﺎﻨﺻ و مﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ

ﯾ اﺬﻏ ﻊ ﯽﯾ ا ﯾ ناﺮ

www.fsct.modares.ac.ir:ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﺳ

ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ هﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﺖﺷاددﺎﯾ

1 - ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

هﻮﯿﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﺿﺎﻘﺗ هزوﺮﻣا لﺎﺣ رد ﻻﺎﺑ يرﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ و ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ

ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ رد ﻮﻧﺎﻧ و ﺎﯿﻧد زور يروﺎﻨﻓ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و هدﻮﺑ

ﻪﮕﻧ و ﻆﻔﺣ و ،يروآﺮﻓ ،ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ،ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ور ﺰﯿﻧ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ يراد

ﺖﺳا شﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻪﺑ ]

1 .[

ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﻏ داﻮﻣ يﺪﻨﺑ ﯽﯾاﺬ

ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا

ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﺪﻨﺑ ﺖﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐﻮﻧﺎﻧ و ﺪﻨﻤﺷﻮﻫ ،لﺎﻌﻓ ،فﺎﻄﻌﻧا ﻞﺑﺎﻗ يﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ

يﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘ يرﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ هدروآﺮﻓ

ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

يزروﺎﺸﮐ يﺎﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ زا

ﯽﻠﺻا مﻮﻠﻋ رد ﻮﻧﺎﻧ يروﺎﻨﻓ و

ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ

ﺖﺳا ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ]

2 .[

،ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﻫﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘ زا ﯽﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ عاﻮﻧا

ار

ﻪﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ عﻮﻧ ﻦﯾا ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ يا

يﺪﻨﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ . ﯽﻠﭘ هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻒﯿﻃ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻠﯿﺗا ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ صاﻮﺧ زا يا

، رد

دراد دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ دراﻮﻣ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ .

ﺎﺑ نآ قﺎﺒﻄﻧا ﯽﺳﺎﺳا ﻞﯿﻟد

ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻔﻬﻧ نآ ﻦﯾرﻮﻠﺑ ﻪﻤﯿﻧ يﺪﻨﺑﺮﮑﯿﭘ رد ،نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ يﺎﻫدﺮﺑرﺎﮐ يﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ و ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺮﺛﻮﻣ

] 3 .[

ﯽﻠﭘ ﺑ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﻪﺘﯿﺴﻧاد ﺎﺑ ﻦﻠﯿﺗا ﻪ

د فﺎﻄﻌﻧا ﻞﯿﻟ ،ﺖﯿﻓﺎﻔﺷ ،يﺮﯾﺬﭘ

و نﺎﺳآ يروآﺮﻓ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ و ﺖﻓﺎﯾزﺎﺑ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ،ﯽﺗراﺮﺣ يراﺪﯾﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ نازرا ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ياﺮﺑ هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ رﻮﻃ ﯽﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ يﺪﻨﺑ

دﻮﺷ ] 4 .[

ﻮﻧﺎﻧ دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ رد تارذ

هدروآﺮﻓ يﺪﻨﺑ نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ مﺎﮔ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ي

ﺮﻤﻋ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و تﺎﻌﯾﺎﺿ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﻬﺟ رد

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ يرﺎﺒﻧا رﻮﻀﺣ

ﺗارذﻮﻧﺎﻧ ،سر نﻮﭼ ﯽ

يد ،هﺮﻘﻧ يورﺪﯿﺴﮐا و ،ﻢﯿﻧﺎﺘﯿﺗ ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺖﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐﻮﻧﺎﻧ رد

يﺎﻫ

وﺮﮑﯿﻣ هزاﺪﻧا رد تارذ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ هﮋﯾو ﺢﻄﺳ يﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘ ﯽﻣ دﺎﺠﯾا ا و ﺪﻨﮐ ﻢﻫﺮﺑ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻻﺎﺑ هﮋﯾو ﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﯾ ﻦﯿﺑ ﺶﻨﮐ

و ﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘ تارذ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ هﺪﺷ

ﯽﻣ زوﺮﺑ ﯽﺗﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ و ﺪﻫد

نﺎﻤﻫ زا ﻪﮐ

ﺖﺴﯿﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد ﻞﺑﺎﻗ وﺮﮑﯿﻣ سﺎﯿﻘﻣ رد تارذ ]

2 .[

ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫ

، ﻪﻟﻮﻟ سرﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﮏﯾ يا

ﺎﺑ ﯽﺟرﺎﺧ ﺮﻄﻗ 190

- 30 ﻧﺎﻧ ﺮﺘﻣﻮ

ﯽﻠﺧاد ﺮﻄﻗ و 100

- 10 ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻧﺎﻧ ] 5[

ﺖﯿﺻﺎﺧ ﺎﺑ دﺮﺑرﺎﮐﺮﭘ ﯽﺗاذ

ﺖﯿﻤﺳ ،ﺖﻌﻨﺻ رد ،ﻢﮐ

و ﯽﺘﺴﯾز يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﺖﺳا

] 6 [ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ

ﺎﺤﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا لﺎﻌﻓ ياﺰﺟا هﺪﺷ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا و ﺖﻈﻓ ﯽﻣ

ﻮﺷ د ] 7 .[

فﺮﺼﻣ ﺶﯾاﺮﮔ هﺪﻧراﺪﻬﮕﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ

رد ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ يﺎﻫ

هدروآﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ يﺎﻫ هﺪﻧراﺪﻬﮕﻧ بﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ تاﺮﺛا ﻞﯿﻟد

يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ،نﺎﺴﻧا ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ و

ﻪﺑ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻦﯿﻤﻫ

، دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ

اﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﯽﺘﻧآ و ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺪﺿ تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﯽﻧ

ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺎﻫ

نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ و ]

8 [ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ .

لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ

، ياﺰﺟا زا ﯽﮑﯾ

ﻧﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ رد ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﯽﻠﺻا ﯽ

و ﻦﺸﯾوآ ،ﯽﻫﻮﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﭘ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ

شﻮﺠﻧزﺮﻣ ﺧ ﻪﮐ هدﻮﺑ

ﯽﭼرﺎﻗ ﺪﺿ و ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺪﺿ صاﻮ و دراد

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هرﺎﺷا نآ ﻪﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﺎﺷراﺰﮔ رد ]

10 و 9 .[

ﺲﻧﺎﺳا يوﺎﺣ ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ يﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ رﺎﺨﺑ و ﺪﻣﺎﺟ زﺎﻓ رد لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ

ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺮﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ چرﺎﻗ رﻮﭙﺳا ﺪﺷر و ﯽﻧز

يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ردﺎﻗ از

ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺎﻬﻧآ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ]

12 و 11 .[

نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘ ﮏﯾ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﺖﺳا

ﻪﮐ هﺪﻤﻋ ﺶﺨﺑ فﺬﺣ زا ﺪﻌﺑ هوﺮﮔ زا يا

ﻦﯿﺘﯿﮐ ﻞﯿﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾوراد و ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ رد هزوﺮﻣا و دﻮﺷ

ﻞﯿﻟد

رﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز ي ،

صاﻮﺧ ﯽﺑﺮﮑﯿﻣﺪﺿ ﺖﯿﺳﺎﺴﺣﺪﺿ و

يدﺎﯾز ﺖﯿﻤﻫا دراد

] 14 و 13 .[

ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ و يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ نﺎﻣز ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا رد يﺪﻨﺑ

رﺎﺒﻧا رد ﯽﻏﺎﺑ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ تﺎﻌﯾﺎﺿ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ،

نوﺰﻓازور ﺖﯿﻤﻫا

ﻨﯾﺰﮕﯾﺎﺟ ﯽ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﺳ داﻮﻣ يﺎﺟ

ﯽﮕﺘﺧﺎ و ا ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﺛ

ﻮﻧﺎﻧ يروﺎﻨﻓ يور

ﻢﻠﯿﻓ صاﻮﺧ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﻦﯾا ،يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ

ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫﻮﻧﺎﻧ يوﺎﺣ يﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ لﺎﻌﻓ

سر / چرﺎﻗ ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ و لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ يﺎﻫ

از

ﯽﻣ دزادﺮﭘ .

2 - شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ

2 - 1 - ﻪﯿﻟوا داﻮﻣ

،ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻠﭘ

ﺼﺨﻣ نزو ﺎﺑ ﮏﺒﺳ ﻦﻠﯿﺗا صﻮ

0.92

g/cm³ بوذ نﺎﯾﺮﺟ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ و 2g/10min

ﺑ ﻪ ﺻ ترﻮ

ﺮﮔ ﯽﻤﯿﺷوﺮﺘﭘ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ ﯽﻠﻣ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ زا لﻮﻧا ﯽﻠﺻا ﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘ ﺶﻘﻧ رد

) يﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ (،

صﻮﻠﺧ ﺎﺑ لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ 98

ﺖﮐﺮﺷ زا ﺪﺻرد

نﺎﻤﻟآ كﺮﻣ ،لﺎﻌﻓ هدﺎﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ رد

ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫ تارذﻮﻧﺎﻧ سر

ﺎﺑ

صﻮﻠﺧ 90 زا ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﯽﺟرﺎﺧ ﺮﻄﻗ ﺎﺑ و ﺪﺻرد 100 nm

زا

ﺖﮐﺮﺷ Natural nano ﺎﮑﯾﺮﻣآ

ﻪﻟﻮﺴﭙﮐ و ﻆﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ رد

ورﺎﮐ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ اﮐ

ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻠﻣ نزو ﺎﺑ نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ و ،لوﺮ

ﺎﻤﮕﯿﺳ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺪﺷ يراﺪﯾﺮﺧ

ﺪﻧ . ﻪﯾاﺪﺟ يﺎﻫ چرﺎﻗ

Aspergillus flavus ﺪﮐ

: IBRC-M 30029 ،

چرﺎﻗ

Aspergillus niger ﺪﮐ

: IBRC-M 30064

، چرﺎﻗ

Rhizopus oryzae ﺪﮐ

: IBRC-M 30154 چرﺎﻗ ،

Penicillium sp.

ﺪﮐ : 30044 IBRC-M

، چرﺎﻗ و

Botrytis cinerea ﺪﮐ

: IBRC-M 30162 ﯽﻠﺻا ﻞﻣﺎﻋ

ﯽﮔﺪﯿﺳﻮﭘ و ﯽﮑﯿﺘﻧژ ﺮﯾﺎﺧذ ﯽﻠﻣ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ زا ،ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ زا ﺲﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﺑ ناﺮﯾا ﯽﺘﺴﯾز ﻪ

ﺻ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ لﺎﻌﻓ ﺖﺸﮐ ترﻮ ﺷ

ﺪ.

2 - 2 - ﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﯾﺮﺒﯿﻫ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫ

ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ

ﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫ / لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ (Halloysite

nanotubes (HNTs)/carvacrol hybrid) ﻧﺎﻧ ،

ﻮ

ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫ سر ﻪﺑ لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ و ﺑ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ

ﻪ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ 1 ﻪﺑ 2 ] 15 [ ﺎﺑ

ﻢﻫ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد تﻮﺻ قﻮﻓﺎﻣ يروﺎﻨﻓ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﯽﺷﺮﺑ نز

) لﺪﻣ

WTW-DISPER D-8 (

ناﺮﯾا ﺖﺧﺎﺳ )

هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد رد ﻊﻗاو

سرﺪﻣ ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد يزروﺎﺸﮐ (

ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود رد )

ياﺮﺑ

ﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﻊﻤﺠﺗ زا يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ

ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫ ( و ﻪﻓﺎﺿا لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ

ﺲﭙﺳ ﺮﺗ ﺐﯿﮐ ﻢﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ود ﺮﻫ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ نز

هﺪﺷ ﻪﻟﻮﺴﭙﮐ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد و لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ ندﺮﮐ

ﺎﺑ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ رد ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫ

ﻪﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ ﻪﻨﻣاد ﺎﺑ قﺎﺗا يﺎﻣد 70

% ﮏﯿﻧﻮﺳاﺮﺘﻟآ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﻂﺳﻮﺗ

تﻮﺻ قﻮﻓﺎﻣ يروﺎﻨﻓ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ بوﺮﭘ )

لﺪﻣ UHP-400

( ناﺮﯾا ﺖﺧﺎﺳ )

ﺖﯿﺑﺮﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد يزروﺎﺸﮐ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد رد ﻊﻗاو

سرﺪﻣ ( ﺑﻪ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ تﺪﻣ 20

ﺖﻓﺮﯾﺬﭘ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ]

15 .[

2 - 3 - ﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺖﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ

ﯽﻠﭘ ﮏﺒﺳ ﻦﻠﯿﺗا ﺎﺑ

ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﯾﺮﺒﯿﻫ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫ / نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ و لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ

دوﺮﺘﺴﮐا هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ر

ود

رﺎﻣ ﻪﭽﯿﭘ Brabender )

لﺪﻣ ZSK-25 (

ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻮﺴﻤﻫﺎﻧ

ﯽﺟرﺎﺧ ﺮﻄﻗ ﺎﺑ نﺎﻤﻟآ رﻮﺸﮐ 25

ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﺎﮐ رد ﻊﻗاو ﺮﺘﻣ هﺎﮔر

يﺎﻣد رد ناﺮﯾا ﯽﻤﯿﺷوﺮﺘﭘ و ﺮﻤﯿﻠﭘ هﺎﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﮏﯿﺘﺳﻼﭘ 150

بوذ سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﺪﺷ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ و

. ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺎﺑ

هﺎﮕﺘﺳد

دوﺮﺘﺴﮐا ر ﮏﺗ رﺎﻣ ﻪﭽﯿﭘ ) لﺪﻣ D-47055 (

نﺎﻤﻟآ رﻮﺸﮐ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ

ﺰﻬﺠﻣ ﯽﺸﻣد ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺎﺑ ،

50 نوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ

ﯾدﺮﮔ ﺪ ] 15 .[

2 - 4 - ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﯽﭼرﺎﻗ ﺪﺿ صاﻮﺧ

ﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ چرﺎﻗ ﺪﺷر ﯽﮔﺪﻧرادزﺎﺑ نا

ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﻢﻠﯿﻓ

،لﺎﻌﻓ زا

شور نﻮﻣزآ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﯿﻏ .

رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا ياﺮﺑ

، تﺎﻌﻄﻗ

4

× 4 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺖﺸﮐ رﺎﮔآ ﺞﻨﭘ

زا هزور ﻪﯾاﺪﺟ

يﺎﻫ چرﺎﻗ يﺎﻫ

رﻮﮐﺬﻣ ﺖﯿﻠﭘ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ رد 8

ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻮﺘﯿﺘﭘ ﺖﺸﮐ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ يوﺎﺣ يﺮﺘﻣ

رﺎﮔآ زوﺮﺘﺴﮐد (PDA 1%)

ﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ .

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ

)ﺑ ﻪ ﻃ ﯽﺒﯾﺮﻘﺗ رﻮ 25

ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣ ( ﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻓﺮﻃ ود ﺐﺴﭼ يﻻﺎﺑ

ﻠﭘ رد ﻦﺘﺴﺑ زا ﺪﻌﺑ و ﺪﺷ هﺪﻧﺎﺒﺴﭼ ﺖﯿﻠﭘ ﯿ

ﺖ ﻢﻠﯿﻓارﺎﭘ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ

، نآ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ ﮑﻧا يﺎﻣد ﺎﺑ رﻮﺗﺎﺑﻮ 25

ﺳ ﻪﺟرد سﻮﯿﺴﻠ ﯽﮑﯾرﺎﺗ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ و

ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ .

ﯽﻧﻮﻠﮐ ﺮﻄﻗ ﺑ چرﺎﻗ يﺎﻫ

ﻪ ﺻ ﺑ ﻪﻧازور ترﻮ ﻪﻣ

تﺪ

144 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ

، هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﯿﮔ و ﺎﻗ ﺪﺷر ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ چر

] 15 .[

2 - 5 - يرﺎﻣآ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ

ﻪﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ رﻮﻀﺣ

ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫﻮﻧﺎﻧ سر

/ اورﺎﮐ و لوﺮﮐ

رد نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ

ﯽﻠﭘ ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﻠﯿﺗا ﺞﻨﭘ

يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ چرﺎﻗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ از

،

ﺎﺑ ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﻼﻣﺎﮐ حﺮﻃ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻞﯾرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻪﺳ

اﺮﺟا راﺮﮑﺗ ﺪﺷ

. ﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﺻرد ﻞﻣﺎﺷ لوا رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﻒﻠﺘﺨ

ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﺻرد ﻞﻣﺎﺷ مود رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ،نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫﻮﻧﺎﻧ سر

/ ﻪﯾاﺪﺟ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ مﻮﺳ رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ،لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ يﺎﻫ

رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ و چرﺎﻗ مرﺎﻬﭼ

هزاﺪﻧا نﺎﻣز يﺮﯿﮔ

دﻮﺑ . ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ هداد

مﺮﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ راﺰﻓا

Version 9.4) SAS

(Statistical Analysis System, ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ

. ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ

ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا نﻮﻣزآ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ راد ) (LSD

نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا ﺢﻄﺳ رد 99

ﺪﺻرد ﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ .

3 - ﺚﺤﺑ و ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ

ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﯽﭼرﺎﻗ ﺪﺿ ﺮﺛا ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﺶﯾﺎﻫر

رﺎﺨﺑ

لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ

ﻢﻠﯿﻓ رد ﯽﻠﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻨﻠﯿﺗا / ﻮﻧﺎﻧ

ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫ - رﺎﮐ و لوﺮﮐا / ﺘﯿﮐ

،نازﻮ ﺑ ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻪ

ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﯿﻏ ترﻮﺻ

،

يور ﺞﻨﭘ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ چرﺎﻗ ﻪﯾاﺪﺟ ﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ از

ﺖ .

ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﺮﮕ

ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ راد ) 01 /0

<

(p

ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫﻮﻧﺎﻧ /

ﺮﻫ ﺪﺷر ﺖﻋﺮﺳ و ﯽﻧﻮﻠﮐ ﺮﻄﻗ ﺮﺑ لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ ﺞﻨﭘ

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ چرﺎﻗ ﻪﯾاﺪﺟ ﯽﻃ

هزاﺪﻧا تﺪﻣ يﺮﯿﮔ

ﺖﺳا ) لوﺪﺟ

1 .(

ﮔ تﺎﺷراﺰ يﺮﮕﯾد

، و ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣﺪﺿ صاﻮﺧ ﺪﺿ

داﻮﻣ ﯽﭼرﺎﻗ

ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ رد ار ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ يﺎﻫ

ﺪﯿﯾﺎﺗ ﯽﺘﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ] 17 و 16 [ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﺗرﻮﺻ رد ﻦﯾا و يوﺎﺣ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ

نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ ﯽﺋﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ و

ﺑﻪ ﻢﯿﻘﺴﻣ رﻮﻃ رد يﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ

چرﺎﻗ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ يﺎﻫ

يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ از ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ ) لوﺪﺟ 1 .(

ا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﺗرﻮﺻ رد ﻦﯾا ز

ﻪﺑ نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ناﻮﻨﻋ

ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ يﺎﻫ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ رد

ياﺮﺑ

ﻆﻔﺣ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ هﺮﻬﺑ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ دﻮﺷ

] 18 .[

ﻦﯾا رد

نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ ،ﺖﻟﺎﺣ لﻮﻠﺳ ﺎﺑ ﮏﯿﺗﺎﺘﺳاوﺮﺘﮑﻟا يوﺮﯿﻧ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا

ﯽﻣ راﺮﻗﺮﺑ لﺎﺼﺗا بوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ و ﺪﻨﮐ

ءﺎﺸﻏ يﺮﯾﺬﭘ

،

د ﻪﺑ لﺎﻌﻓ داﻮﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ر

لﻮﻠﺳ نو هﺪﺷ

ﻧ رد و ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﺠﯿﺘ

نآ گﺮﻣ و لﻮﻠﺳ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ رد لﻼﺧا ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫ

دﻮﺷ ] 19 .[

نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ

، زا ﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫ ﺑﻪ ﻋ و هﺪﻧراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ناﻮﻨ

هﺪﻨﻨﮐدازآ ﮐ

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ دﺎﯾ لﺎﻌﻓ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ هﺪﺷ لﺮﺘﻨ ]

20 .[

ﯽﻃ

ﺗﺎﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﯽ ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﻧﻻﻮﻃ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ

و هﺪﺷ يراﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ تﺪﻣ نﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ

ﯽﭼرﺎﻗ ﺪﺿ صاﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ

دراﺪﻧ لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ ]

21 .[

ﺲﻧﺎﺳا نﺎﮑﻣ ياراد ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ يﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ

بوﺮﮑﯿﻣ لﻮﻠﺳ رد ﯽﺼﺨﺸﻣ فﺪﻫ ياﺮﺑ

ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ يراﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ .

يراﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ لﻮﻠﺳ ﻢﺳﻼﭘﻮﺘﯿﺳ ﯽﻠﺧاد ءﺎﺸﻏ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ ]

22 .[

ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ ﯽﻟو و ﺎﻫ

ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺖﺳا ﻦﮑﻤﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ءﺎﺸﻏ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺮﯿﺛ

ﺮﯿﮔ راﺮﻗ لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ ﻧ

ﺪ ] 23 .[

مﺰﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ

ﻧ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﺸ

ﺖﺳا هﺪ ﺎﻣا لﻮﻠﺳ گﺮﻣ بوﺮﮑﯿﻣ

ﯽﻣ ﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺎﻨ

ﻪﺑ ﻠﯾﻻد نﻮﭼ ﯽ ءﺎﺸﻏ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ و رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ

، رد ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ

رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺪﯿﺳا ﮏﯿﺋﻮﻠﮐﻮﻧ ، ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﻢﺴﯿﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ لدﺎﻌﺗ ندرﻮﺧ ﻢﻬﺑ و ،

ﯽﺗﺎﯿﺣ داﻮﻣ ﺖﺸﻧ و ﻢﺳﻼﭘﻮﺘﯿﺳ دﺎﻘﻌﻧا لﻮﻠﺳ

ﺪﺘﻓﺎﯿﺑ قﺎﻔﺗا ]

24 .[

ﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﺑ دﺮﮐ شراﺰﮔ ﻊ ها

تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﺮﮕﯾد و لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧ

ﺑ ﯽﻟﻮﻨﻓ ﻪ هوﺮﮔ يور ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺎﺑ نﺎﺸﻧدﻮﺑ ﺰﯾﺮﮕﺑآ ﺖﯿﺻﺎﺧ ﻞﯿﻟد يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻠﺧاد حﻮﻄﺳ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ يﺪﯿﭙﯿﻟﻮﻔﺴﻓ ﻞﯿﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ،pH

ءﺎﺸﻏ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺰﺘﻨﺳ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد و

ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و ATP

ﺰﯿﻟورﺪﯿﻫ ﯽﻣ ATP

دﻮﺷ ] 25 .[

يﺎﻫﺪﯿﺳا تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ

ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ءﺎﺸﻏ بﺮﭼ عﺎﺒﺷا بﺮﭼ يﺎﻫﺪﯿﺳا ﯽﻣ

دﻮﺷ ﺑ ﯽﮑﯾدﺰﻧ ﻪﻄﺑار ﻪﮐ ﺎ

ﺖﯿﻟﺎﯿﺳ

داﻮﻣ ﺖﺸﻧ ،ءﺎﺸﻏ يﺮﯾﺬﭘدﻮﻔﻧ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺮﻣا ﻦﯿﻤﻫ و دراد ءﺎﺸﻏ لﻮﻠﺳ گﺮﻣ ﺎﺘﯾﺎﻬﻧ و ﯽﻤﺳﻼﭘﻮﺘﯿﺳ دراد لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ ار

. تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﺸﻧ

نﻮﯾ k⁺ گﺮﻣ رد هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ ﺶﻘﻧ دراد لﻮﻠﺳ

] 22 .[

هوﺮﮔ لﻮﻠﺳ ﯽﮕﺘﻔﺷآ ﯽﻠﺻا ﻞﻣﺎﻋ OH

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ بوﺮﮑﯿﻣ .

لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ

ندﺮﮐ ﻦﯾﺰﮕﯾﺎﺟ ياﺮﺑ نﻮﯾ ﺎﺑ H+

و هدﺮﮐ راﺮﻗﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﯿﭘ K+

نﻮﯾ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺮﻣا ﻦﯿﻤﻫ هﺪﺷ لﻮﻠﺳ جرﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ يﺎﻫ

نﻮﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و اد رد K+

ﺚﻋﺎﺑ لﻮﻠﺳ ﻞﺧ ترﺎﺴﺧ دﺎﺠﯾا

ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ ] 22 .[

لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻦﯾا ﻢﻫ

دراد دﻮﺟو ﺖﯿﻫﺎﻣ

ﯽﺑﺮﭼ ﯽﺘﺳود

لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ ﻦﯾا

نﺎﮑﻣا ار ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ﺪﻨﮐ ﻪﮐ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ مﻮﯿﻠﯿﺴﯿﻣ چرﺎﻗ

دراﺬﮕﺑ ﯽﻔﻨﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ چرﺎﻗ ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﻦﯾا زا و بﺬﺟ ]

26 .[

Table 1 Analysis of variance of colony diameter and growth rate on the five fungal species.

) M.S (

Aspergilus niger Aspergilus flavus

Penicilium sp.

Botrytis cinerea Rhizopus Oryzae

Sources Change Colony Df

diameter r(mm) Growth rate (%) Colony

diameter (mm Growth rate (%) Colony

diamete r (mm Growt

h rate (%) Colony diameter (mm) Growth rate (%) Colony

diameter (mm) Growth rate (%)

) A ( Time 3

2281.56^**

15756.7^**

1343^**

1023.7^**

220.9^**

500.1^**

8173.2^**

5342.2^**

14200.5^**

8568.5^**

NCH /carvacrol (B) 2

184.34^**

1539.3^**

114.8 ^**

95.9^**

72.7^**

66^**

1174.5^**

987.1^**

1243.4^**

1697.8^**

) C ( Chitosan 2 0.28^ns 7.3^ns

0.8^ns

1^ns

0.6^ns

0.3^ns

6.6^ns

6.4^ns

18.2^ns

25.6^ns

A*B 6

57.43^**

260^**

39.2^**

17.7^**

19.4^**

9.3^**

388.8^**

186.6^**

218.8^**

290.7^**

A*C 6

0.2^ns 3.6^ns 0.1^ns 0.3^ns 0.3^ns 0.3^ns 2.2^ns 1.1^ns 2.2^ns 4.4^ns

B*C 4

3.76 ^ns 35.4 ^ns 4.2 ^ns

3.7 ^ns

1.3 ^ns

1.6 ^ns

11.6 ^ns 11.7 ^ns 18.2 ^ns 27.1 ^ns

A*B*C 12

0.94^**

7.2^**

1.7^**

0.8^*

0.4^**

0.4^**

2.5^**

1.8^**

2.7**

5.7^**

Error 72

0.02 0.9 0.1

0.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.4

C.V 1.1

2.8

3.4

6.9 3.8 6.6 1.5 2.4 1.4 2.4

NS, *, **, Non-significant and significant at P<0.05, and P<0.01, respectively.

ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا تﺎﺑﺎﻌﺸﻧا ﯽﮔﺪﯿﮐوﺮﭼ ،ﯽﻣﻮﯿﻠﺴﯿﻣ

و ﺪﻌﺠﻣ نﺪﺷ

مﻮﯿﻠﺴﯿﻣ ﺎﻫ و ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻫرﻮﭙﺳا

ﺲﻧﺎﺳا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا مﺎﮕﻨﻫ يوﺎﺣ يﺎﻫ

ﺑ لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ ﻪ

ﺻ ترﻮ

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﯽﻨﯿﺧﺪﺗ ]

27 .[

ﯽﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺰﯿﻧ

ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ

ﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ نا ]

28 ، 21 ، 15 [ .

نﺎﻤﻫ لوﺪﺟ رد ﻪﮐ رﻮﻃ 2

ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺖﺳا

، زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻢﻠﯿﻓ

يوﺎﺣ

3 ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺪﺻرد سر

/ ﺮﻄﻗ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ

ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷر ﺖﻋﺮﺳ و ﯽﻧﻮﻠﮐ 50

ﯽﻠﭘ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺪﺻرد ﺪﻌﺑ ﯽﻨﻠﯿﺗا

زا 144 ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ نﺎﯿﻣ ﻦﯾا رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ )

5/

54 ﺪﺻرد ( و

ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ ) 28 ﺪﺻرد ( ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷر ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ

ﻪﺑ

ﯽﻨﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ و مﻮﯿﻠﺳ اﺰﯾروا سﻮﭘوﺰﯾار دﻮﺑ

. ﻞﮑﺷ 1 عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺰﯿﻧ

ﯽﻣ ﺪﯿﯾﺎﺗ ار ﺪﻨﮐ

.

Table 2 The mean values of effect Nano Clay Halloysite (NCH) /carvacrol and chitosan on the colony diameter and growth rate of five fungi species following 144 h of incubation at 25⁰C in darkness.

Aspergilus niger Aspergilus flavus

Penicilium sp.

Botrytis cinerea Rhizopus Oryzae

NCH /carvacrol Chitosan

Colony diameter(mm) Growth

rate(%) Colony

diameter(mm) Growth

rate(%) Colony

diameter(mm) Growth

rate(%) Colony

diameter(mm) Growth

rate(%) Colony

diameter(mm) Growth

rate(%)

0 30^a

0.21^a 25.1^a 0.173^a 15.40^a 0.110^b 60.23^a 0.417^a 70.53^a 0.490^a

1 29^b

0.2^b 24.3b 0.170^a 14^b 0.097^c 57.30^b 0.400^b 67^b 0.467^bc

0

2 29^b

0.2b 23.5^c 0.163^ab 13.2^c 0.090^c 55^c 0.380^c 65.40^c 0.453^cd

0 25^c

0.177^d 20.54^d 0.140^cd 9.45^d 0.067^def 43.87^a 0.303^gh 55.34d 0.383^f

1 23^e

0.16^f 18.7^e 0.130^de 9.10d^e 0.060^fg 42.40^e 0.293^hi 53.70e 0.370^fg

1.5

2 24^d

0.17^e 17.75^f 0.123^ef 8.70^ef 0.060^fg 40^f 0.280^j 53e 0.370^fg

0 17ⁱ

0.12ⁱ 13.21^jk 0.090^l 7.43^h 0.050^h 30.54^k 0.213^o 50.567g 0.353^hi

1 18.5^g

0.13^h 15^h 0.103^hijkl 8.40^fg 0.060^fg 32.40^ij 0.227ⁿ 51fg 0.353^hi

3

2 19^f

0.13^h 16.5^g 0.113^fghi 8^g 0.057^gh 33^hi 0.230^mn 51.60f 0.360^gh

Means in each column with similar letters are not significantly different (P<0.01) using the Least Significant Different (LSD) test.

نﺎﻤﻫ لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ ﯽﯾآرﺎﮐ ،ﺪﺷ ﺮﮐذ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ

ترﻮﺻ

ﺶﯾﺎﻫر ﺖﺳا ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ رﺎﺨﺑ زﺎﻓ رد .

ﺰﯿﻧ نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ درﻮﻣ رد

ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﻠﺒﻗ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ

ﺎﺑ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﯽﻫد

نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺎﺑ ، نﮋﯿﺴﮐا لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ،ﻦﻠﯿﺗا ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻦﺘﺷاﺬﮔ

، ﺶﻫﺎﮐ

ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﯽﮔدﻮﻟآ ﮏﯿﺗﺎﺘﺳاوﺮﺘﮑﻟا يﺎﻫوﺮﯿﻧ ﺶﻨﮑﻤﻫﺮﺑ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا

،

ﯽﺘﻧآ صاﻮﺧ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ،ﯽﺘﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا

و ﻞﯿﻓوﺮﻠﮐ ﻆﻔﺣ ﻆﻔﺣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ

و ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا

ﺮﻤﻋ نآ يرﺎﺒﻧا ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫ

دﻮﺷ ] 29 .[

رد ﻦﯾا

رد نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﺗرﻮﺻ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﯿﻏ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ

ﯽﻨﻌﯾ ، نوﺪﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا

يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺎﯾ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ،از

ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد

ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧ ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ يﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ

ﺖﺳا .

ﻞﮑﺷ 1

ﻪﺑ ، ،ﻊﻣﺎﺟ و ﻪﺻﻼﺧ رﻮﻃ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ

ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫﻮﻧﺎﻧ سر

/ لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ ار

ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ و ﺪﺷر لﺮﺘﻨﮐ رد

چرﺎﻗ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ يﺎﻫ از

ﻪﺑ ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ حﻮﺿو ﺪﻫد

. ﯽﺗرﻮﺻ رد ﻦﯾا

نﺎﻣز زا ﮏﯾ ﭻﯿﻫ رد نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هزاﺪﻧا يﺎﻫ

يﺮﯿﮔ

، يﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ

ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ ﺮﺑ )

لوﺪﺟ 1 ﻞﮑﺷ و 2 .(

Fig 1 Characteristic images of in vitro headspace assay for different films including (a) without LDPE (b) neat LDPE (c) LDPE/1.5%NCH/carvacrol, and (d) LDPE/3% NCH /carvacrol on the development of A. niger, A.

flavue, B. cinerea, penicillium. Sp and R. oryzae following 144 h of incubation at 25⁰C in the dark. Fungi colony margins are marked for clarity.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Aspergillus niger

Aspergillus flavus

Botrytis cinerea

Penicillium Sp.

Rhizopus oryzae

Fig 2 Characteristic images of in vitro headspace assay for different films including (a) neat LDPE, (b) LDPE /2% chitosan on the development of A. niger, A. flavue, B. cinerea, penicillium. Sp and R. oryzae following 144

h of incubation at 25⁰C in the dark. Fungi colony margins are marked for clarity.

4 - ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ يﺮﯿﮔ

ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ مﻮﻠﻋ ناﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧاد و مدﺮﻣ مﻮﻤﻋ هﺪﻨﯾاﺰﻓ ﯽﻧاﺮﮕﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ موﺰﻟ ،هﺪﻧراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ داﻮﻣ ءﻮﺳ تاﺮﺛا درﻮﻣ رد تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ داﻮﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ زا ﺶﯿﺑ يزروﺎﺸﮐ ﯽﻣ سﺎﺴﺣا ﺶﯿﭘ

دﻮﺷ . هﻮﯿﻣ زا ﺲﭘ هزﺎﺗ يﺎﻫ

ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

دﻮﺧ ﺶﺸﺧرد و هﺪﺷ هﺪﯿﮐوﺮﭼ

ﯽﻣ ﺖﺳد زا ار ﺪﻨﻫد

تﺪﻣ ﯽﻃ و ، يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ

ﺪﻌﺘﺴﻣ دﺎﺴﻓ

ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ و هدﻮﺑ يرﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ تﺪﻣ نآ

ﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ

. ﻦﯾا زا

ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ هﺪﻧراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ داﻮﻣ دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ هزوﺮﻣا ،ور يﺎﻫ

ﻧﺎﻧ و ﯽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﻪﺑ سرﻮ

ﯽﯾآرﺎﮐ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺐﺒﺴﻣ و ﻞﻤﮑﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ

ﺲﻧﺎﺳا تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﻆﻔﺣ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ هزﺎﺗ

ﺪﺷر زا ﺖﻌﻧﺎﻤﻣ ،

يرﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ تﺪﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و ،ﯽﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ نآ

ﺎﻫ ﯽﻣ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ دﻮﺷ

.

ﻦﯾا زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﺰﯿﻧ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ورﺎﮐ

اﮐ ﺮ رد لو

رﺎﺨﺑ زﺎﻓ رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ترﻮﺻ

، ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺪﺷر لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ

يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ از يرﻮﻄﺑ دراد ار ﮐاورﺎﮐ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﮐ

ﺮ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﺑ لو 2

ﯽﻠﭘ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ رد ﺪﺻرد ﺎﺗ ﺖﺴﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽﻨﻠﯿﺗا

50 ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺪﺷر زا ﺪﺻرد ﯽﻨﭘ

يﺮﯿﮔﻮﻠﺟ مﻮﯿﻠﺳ ﺪﻨﮐ

. ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫ تارذﻮﻧﺎﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا رد

ﺗ ﯽﻠﭘ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ﺐﯿﮐﺮ ﮏﺒﺳ ﻦﻠﯿﺗا

/ ﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫ سر / و لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ

نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ ، ﺶﯾﺎﻫر و ﻆﻔﺣ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺠﯾرﺪﺗ

ﺪﻗ ،لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ تر

ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ار لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ ﯽﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐرﺎﻬﻣ ﯽﻣ

ﺪﻫد . نازﻮﺘﯿﮐ ،ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد

ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺴﻧاﻮﺘﻧ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺪﺷر رﺎﻬﻣ ﺮﺑ يراد

چرﺎﻗ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ يﺎﻫ

رد از نﻮﻣزآ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﯿﻏ .

سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻢﻠﯿﻓ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا يﺎﻫ يوﺎﺣ ﯽﺘﯾزﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐﻮﻧﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ

3 ﺪﺻرد

ﻮﻧﺎﻧ ﺖﯿﺳﻮﻟﺎﻫ / ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ لوﺮﮐاورﺎﮐ چرﺎﻗ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ياﺮﺑ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ

يﺎﻫ

ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ رﻮﮐﺬﻣ .

5 - ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ

[1] Rahchamani, M., Hadadkhodaparast, M., and Sedaghat, N. 2015. Effect of edible coating of chitosan and native corm gum on improving quality and increasing shelf life of cherries. Master’s Degree in Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

[2] Mohammed, F.A., Balaji, K., Girilal, M., Kalaichelvan, P.T., and Venkatesan, R.

2009. "Mycobased synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their incorporation into sodium alginate films for vegetable and fruit preservation, " Journal Agriculture Food Chemistry, 57: 6246-6252.

[3] Peighambardoust, S.H., Dehghani, S., Peighambardoust, S.J. 2012. Preparation and study of physical, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties of lightweight polyethylene nanocomposite films containing nanoparticles Silver, zinc oxide, and copper oxideIranian Journal of Biosystems Engineering, 46(4): 347-354.

[4] Del Nobile, M., Conte, A., Buonocore, G., Incoronato, A., Massaro, A., and Panza, O.

2009. Active packaging by extrusion processing of recyclable and biodegradable polymers. Journal of Food Engineering.

93(1):1-6.

[5] Amini, F., Moshtaghi, H., and Abasvali, M. 2016. Antibacterial effect of methanolic extract of clover (Eryngium caeruleum) on E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus in a food model at 4°C. 3rd International Conference on Science and Engineering, Istanbul – Turkey.

[6] Yah, W.O., Xu, H., Soejima, H., Ma, W., Lvov, Y., Takahara, A., 2012. Biomimetic dopamine derivative for selective polymer modification of halloysite nanotube lumen. J.

Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 12134–12137.

[7] Lvov, Y.M., Shchukin, D.G., Mohwald, H., Price, R.R., 2008. Halloysite clay nanotubes for controlled release of protective agents. ACS Nano 2: 814–820.

[8] Halevas, E., Christiane M., Evanthia, N ., Vasileios Varsamis, C., Eleftheriadou, D., Graham, E., Georgios Litsardakis, J., Lazari, D., Ypsilantis, K., and Salifoglo, A. 2017.

Chitosan encapsulation of essential oil”cocktails” with welldefined binary Zn(II)- Schiff base species targeting antibacterial medicinal nanotechnology.

Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. 10(6), 1- 15.

[9] Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., and Idaomar, M. 2008. Biological effects of essential oils – a review. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 46: 446-475.

[10] Rao, A., Zhang, Y., Muend, S., Rao, R., 2010. Mechanism of antifungal activity of terpenoid phenols resembles calcium stress and inhibition of the TOR pathway.

Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54, 5062–

5069.

[11] Lopez, P., Sanchez, C., Batlle, R., and Nerin, C. 2005. Solid- and vapor-phase antimicrobial activities of six essential oils:

susceptibility of selected foodborne bacterial and fungal strains. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53, 6939–6946.

[12] Shin, M.H., Kim, J. H., Choi, H.W., Keum, Y.S, and Chum, S.C. 2014. Effect of Thymol and Linalool fumigation on postharvest diseases of table grapes.

Mycobiology. 42(3): 262–268.

[13] Weiss, J., Takhistov, P., and Mcclement, J. 2006. Functional materials in food nanotechnology. Journal of Food Science, 71: 107-116.

[14] Rinaudo, M. 2008. Main properties and current applications of some polysaccharides as biomaterials. Polymer International.

57(3):397-430.

[15] Shemesh, R., Krepkera, M., Nitzanc, N., Vaxmanb, A., and Segala, E., 2016. Active packaging containing encapsulated carvacrol for control of postharvest decay. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 118: 175-182.

[16] Cindi, M.D., Taofik, S., Dharini, S., Silvia, B. 2015. Chitosan boehmite-alumina nanocomposite films and thyme oil vapour control brown rot in peaches (Prunus persica L.) during postharvest storage. Crop

Protection, 72: 127-131.

[17] Pelissari, F.M., Grossmann, M.V.E., Yamashita, F., Pineda, E.A.G. 2009.

Antimicrobial, mechanical, and barrier properties of cassava starch-chitosan films incorporated with oregano essential oil. J.

Agric. Food Chem, 57: 7499-7504.

[18] Sozaa, V., Peris, J., Vieraa, E., Coelhosob, I., Duartea, M., and Fernandez, A. 2019. Activity of chitosan- montmorillonite bionanocomposites incorporated with rosemary essential oil:

From in vitro assays to application in fresh poultry meat. Food Hydrocolloids, 89: 241–

252.

[19] Xing, Y., XU, Q., Li, X., Chen, C., Ma, L., Li, Sh., Che, Z and Lin, H. 2016.

Chitosan-Based Coating with Antimicrobial Agents: Preparation, Property, Mechanism, and Application Effectiveness on Fruits and Vegetables. International Journal of Polymer Science, Article ID 4851730, 24 pages.

[20] Lvov, Y., Wang, W., Zhang, L., and Fakhrullin, R. 2015. Halloysite clay

nanotubes for loading and sustained release of functional compounds. Adv. Mater. n/a- n/a.

[21] Ramos M., Jimenez A., Peltzer M. 2012.

Characterization and antimicrobial activity studies of polypropylene films with carvacrol and thymol for active packaging. J. Food Eng, 109-513.

[22] Marinelli, L., Di Stefano, A., and Cacciatore, I. 2018. Carvacrol and its derivatives as antibacterial agents Phytochem Rev, 17:903–921.

[23] Radulovic´, N.S., Blagojevic´. P.D., Stojanovic´-Radic´ Z.Z., and Stojanovic´, N.M. 2013. Antimicrobial plant metabolites:

structural diversity and mechanism of action.

Curr Med Chem, 20:932–952.

[24] Sikkema, J., de Bont, J.A., and Poolman, B. 1995. Mechanisms of membrane toxicity of hydrocarbons. Microbiol Rev. 59:201- 222.

[25] Ben Arfa, A., Combes, S., and Preziosi- Belloy, L. 2006. Antimicrobial activity of carvacrol related to its chemical structure.

Lett Appl Microbiolm 43:149–154.

[26] Soylu, E.M., Soylu, S., and Kurt, S. 2006.

Antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of various plants against tomato late blight disease agent Phytophthora infestans.

Mycopathologia 161: 119-128.

[27] Vesaltalab, Z., and Gholami, M. 2011.

The effect of clove buds and rosemary extracts and essences on control of Botrytis cinerea growth. Iranian Plant production tech, (11) 2: 1-11.

[28] Shemesh, R., Krepker, M., Natan. M., Danin-Poleg, Y., Banin, E., and Kashi, Y.

2015. Novel LDPE/halloysite nanotube films with sustained carvacrol release for broad- spectrum antimicrobial activity. RSC Adv, 5:

87108-87117.

[29] Chao, D., Meng, X., Meng, J., Hassan, I., Dai, L., and Ni, Y. 2019. Chitosan as A Preservative for Fruits and Vegetables: A Review on Chemistry and Antimicrobial Properties. Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, 4(1): 11-21.

The effect of active film containing nano clay halloysite/carvacrol hybrid and chitosan on the growth of pathogenic fungi

Araghi, H. ¹, Rastegar, S. ², Tajeddin, B. ³*, Javan-nikkhah, M. ⁴, Asghari- Sarcheshmeh, M. A. ⁵

1. Ph.D. student, post-harvest physiology and technology, Department of Horticultural Science, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

2. Associate Prof., Department of Horticultural Science, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.

3. Associate Prof., Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

4. Associate Prof., Department of Horticultural Science, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

5. Prof., Department of Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

ABSTRACT ARTIClE INFO

Article History:

Received 2020/ 10/ 07 Accepted 2021/ 04/ 03

Keywords:

Nano clay Halloysite, Antifungal properties, Chitosan,

Packaging, Essential oil.

Use of nanoparticles in food packaging can be an effective step to reduce waste from pathogens and increase the shelf life of various products. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal effect of low-density polyethylene nanocomposite film containing nano clay halloysite/carvacrol hybrid and chitosan on pathogenic fungi including Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Boterytis cinera, Penicillium Sp. and Rhizopus oryzae, the main cause of post-harvest rot of agricultural products.

In this study, the nanocomposite films based on Low-density polyethylene containing 1.5 & 3% nano clay halloysite/carvacrol and 1 & 2% chitosan were produced by mixing them in a twin-screw extruder following by blowing film machine. The effect of these produced nanocomposites were then evaluated on the growth of five pathogenic fungal species. Based on the results of analysis of variance, it was found that the growth rate of the five studied fungal species was significantly affected by use of Nano clay Halloysite/carvacrol, so that the highest percentage of inhibition was related to the film containing 3% nano clay halloysite/carvacrol. However, the film containing chitosan had no significant effect on the growth of the studied fungi.

DOI: 10.29252/fsct.18.06.18

*Corresponding Author E-Mail:

b.tajeddin@areeo.ac.ir

Iranian Journal of Food Science and Technology

Homepage:www.fsct.modares.ir

Short Note