ﻫﺎي زراﻋﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﮐﻠﺰا در ﺷﻤﺎل ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ،

(1)

أ

هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد يزروﺎﺸﮐ مﻮﻠﻋ ي

تﺎﺗﺎﺒﻧ حﻼﺻا و ﺖﻋارز ﯽﺷزﻮﻣآ هوﺮﮔ

ﻪﻟﺎﺳر ﻪﺟرد ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد ياﺮﺑ ي

ﯽﺼﺼﺨﺗ ياﺮﺘﮐد

ﻪﺘﺷر رد ﺶﯾاﺮﮔ يزروﺎﺸﮐ ﯽﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ي

ﯽﻋارز نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ يژﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ

ناﻮﻨﻋ

ﺶﻨﺗ زا ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓﻮﮐا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺮﺑ وﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ و ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ،ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﮔﮋﯾو نﺎﺘﺳزﻮﺧ لﺎﻤﺷ رد اﺰﻠﮐ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ و ﯽﻋارز يﺎﻫ

:ﺎﻤﻨﻫار دﺎﺘﺳا

يدﺎﺒﻋ ﯽﻠﻋ ﺮﺘﮐد

ﺎﺘﺳا ﯿﺗ :روﺎﺸﻣ ﺪ

ﺶﺨﺒﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻪﺑاﺪﺳ ﺮﺘﮐد

تدﺎﯿﺳ ﻪﻟاﺎﻄﻋ ﺪﯿﺳ ﺮﺘﮐد

نﺎﯿﺸﻧاد ﺮﻔﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﺮﺘﮐد

:ﻂﺳﻮﺗ

يﺪﻤﺣا ﺮﺘﻧﻼﮐ ﺪﻤﺣا ﺪﯿﺳ

ﯽﻠﯿﺑدرا ﻖﻘﺤﻣ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد

نﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ 1394

(2)

ب

مﺎﻧ ﯽﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ :ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد

يﺪﻤﺣا ﺮﺘﻧﻼﮐ

:مﺎﻧ ﺪﻤﺣا ﺪﯿﺳ

ناﻮﻨﻋ نﺎﯾﺎﭘ :ﻪﻣﺎﻧ زا ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓﻮﮐا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺶﻨﺗ

ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﺮﺑ وﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ و ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ،ﯽﻄﯿﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ لﺎﻤﺷ رد اﺰﻠﮐ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ و ﯽﻋارز يﺎﻫ

نﺎﺘﺳزﻮﺧ يدﺎﺒﻋ ﯽﻠﻋ ﺮﺘﮐد :ﺎﻤﻨﻫار دﺎﺘﺳا

ﺶﺨﺒﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻪﺑاﺪﺳ ﺮﺘﮐد :روﺎﺸﻣ دﺎﺘﺳا نﺎﯿﺸﻧاد ﺮﻔﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﺮﺘﮐد ،تدﺎﯿﺳ ﻪﻟاﺎﻄﻋ ﺪﯿﺳ ﺮﺘﮐد ،

ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﯽﻠﯿﺼﺤﺗ : يﺮﺘﮐد

:ﻪﺘﺷر

ﺖﻋارز

:ﺶﯾاﺮﮔ ﯽﻋارز نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ يژﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ

:هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﯽﻠﯿﺑدرا

ﻧاد :هﺪﮑﺸ يزروﺎﺸﮐ مﻮﻠﻋ

ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ :عﺎﻓد /26 /5 1394 :تﺎﺤﻔﺻداﺪﻌﺗ

432

:هﺪﯿﮑﭼ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻗر) اﺰﻠﮐ هﺎﯿﮔ ﺶﻨﮐاو ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ

Hyola401 ،ﯽﮑﺸﺧ يﺎﻫ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد ﺎﻫ يﺬﻐﻣ ﺰﯾر و ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ (

ﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﮔدز ﺎﻣﺮﺳ و ﺎﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ .ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ اﺮﺟا درﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ لﻮﻓزد دﺎﺑآ ﯽﻔﺻ يزروﺎﺸﮐ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ رد ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ6

ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ

ﯽﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد يرﺎﯿﺑآ ﻊﻄﻗ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد زاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﻞﻨﻓ ﯽﻠﭘ و زﻻﺎﺗﺎﮐ يﺎﻫ ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ (ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺪﯾﺪﺷ ﺶﻨﺗ)

) ﮏﯿﻠﯿﺴﯿﻟﺎﺳ ﺪﯿﺳا ﺎﺑ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و 300

ﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ (لﻮﻣ وﺮﮑﯿﻣ ه

ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد ، ﺎﺑ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﯽﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد يرﺎﯿﺑآ ﻊﻄﻗ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد ﺰﯿﻧ زاﺪﯿﺴﮐاﺮﭘ تﺎﺑرﻮﮑﺳآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ

) ﮏﯿﺑرﻮﮑﺳآ ﺪﯿﺳا .ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ (ﺮﺘﯿﻟ رد مﺮﮔ ﯽﻠﯿﻣ300

ﻞﯿﻓوﺮﻠﮐ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ تﺪﺷ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻠﮐ ﺎﻣا ،ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﻫﺪﯿﺋﻮﻨﺗورﺎﮐ وb

ﻞﯿﻓوﺮ a

.ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﺴﻧاﻮﺘﻧ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ لﺎﻤﻋا ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ يﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد يرﺎﯿﺑآ ﻊﻄﻗ زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ تﺪﺷ

ﻦﯿﺟرﻮﺧ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد يرﺎﯿﺑآ ﻊﻄﻗ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد ﺎﻣا ،ﺪﻨﮐ ناﺮﺒﺟ ار ﻪﻧاد دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﯽﻫد

) ﮏﯿﺑرﻮﮑﺳآ ﺪﯿﺳا ﺎﺑ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ ﻠﻤﻋ (ﺮﺘﯿﻟ رد مﺮﮔ ﯽﻠﯿﻣ300

ﻪﻧاد دﺮﮑ

لﻮﻠﺤﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ رد و ﺖﻓﺎﯾ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ يدوﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ) ﮏﯿﺑرﻮﮑﺳآ ﺪﯿﺳا دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﺰﯿﻧ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﺘﺑﻮﻃر ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد .دﻮﺑ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ

رد مﺮﮔ ﯽﻠﯿﻣ300

) ﮏﯿﻠﯿﺴﯿﻟﺎﺳ ﺪﯿﺳا و (ﺮﺘﯿﻟ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ .ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﻧاد دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ زا ﺰﯿﻧ (لﻮﻣ وﺮﮑﯿﻣ100

ﺎﺳ ﺮﺛا ﻪﮐ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ،ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ هد

د ﺪﯿﺴﮐاﺮﭘﻮﺳ و زاﺪﯿﺴﮐاﺮﭘ تﺎﺑرﻮﮑﺳآ ،زاﺪﯿﺴﮐاﺮﭘ ،زﻻﺎﺗﺎﮐ ،زاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﻞﻨﻓ ﯽﻠﭘ يﺎﻫ ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا و ﺎﻫ يﺬﻐﻣ ﺰﯾر راد ﯽﻨﻌﻣ زﺎﺗﻮﻤﺴﯾ

.دﻮﺑ ﻨﺗ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد ﺰﯿﻧ ﮏﯿﺌﻟﻮﻨﯿﻟ و ﮏﯿﺌﻟوا ،ﮏﯾرﺎﺌﺘﺳا ،ﮏﯿﺘﻤﻟﺎﭘ بﺮﭼ يﺎﻫﺪﯿﺳا ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﻦﻏور ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ رد ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﻢﯾﻼﻣ و ﺪﯾﺪﺷ ﺶ

.ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ رد

دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ لﺎﺳ ود رد

) ﻪﻧاد ﻮﮑﺳآ ﺪﯿﺳا ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ (لوا ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ) بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد (رﺎﺘﮑﻫ رد مﺮﮔﻮﻠﯿﮐ4540

) ﮏﯿﺑر .ﺖﻓﺎﯾ صﺎﺼﺘﺧا (ﺮﺘﯿﻟ رد مﺮﮔ ﯽﻠﯿﻣ300

مﺪﻋ

ﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ .ﺖﺷاد لﺎﺒﻧﺪﺑ ار ﺪﯿﺋﺪﻟآ يد نﻮﻟﺎﻣ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﺪﯾﺪﺷ و ﻢﯾﻼﻣ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻢﻫ و بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد ﻢﻫ ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﺮﺛا يﺎﻫ ﻦﯿﮕ

زﻻﺎﺗﺎﮐ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ يﺬﻐﻣ ﺰﯾر ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ) ﺮﺑ دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ و ﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﺪﯾﺪﺷ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ زاﺪﯿﺴﮐاﺮﭘ و

×1000 (2

) ﺰﻨﮕﻨﻣ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﺪﯾﺪﺷ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد ﺰﯿﻧ زاﺪﯿﺴﮐاﺮﭘ تﺎﺑرﻮﮑﺳآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ .ﺖﻓﺎﯾ صﺎﺼﺘﺧا

×1000 ﺰﯿﻧ ﻦﯿﻟوﺮﭘ ناﺰﯿﻣ .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ (2

ﻄﻣ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﻦﯿﻟوﺮﭘ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ و ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا رد ) ﺰﻨﮕﻨﻣ دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ و بﻮﻠ

×1000 دﻮﺑ (4 . هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻠﮐ رﻮﻄﺑ

يور و ﺰﻨﮕﻨﻣ ،ﺮﺑ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ (ﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﻢﯾﻼﻣ ﺶﻨﺗ) رذآ ﻞﯾاوا يﺮﯿﺧﺎﺗ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ رد و دﻮﺸﯿﻤﻧ ﻪﯿﺻﻮﺗ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ رد هﺎﻣ رذآ ﺮﺧاوا ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ )

×1000 (4

درﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﻧاد دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ رد ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ زا ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺪﻧور ندﻮﺑ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ را

ﯽﺘﻧآ يﺎﻫ ﺎﻣﺮﮔ و ﯽﮑﺸﺧ يﺎﻫ ﺶﻨﺗ رد ﺖﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا

ﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ زا ﺶﻨﺗ ﯽﻔﻨﻣ ﺮﺛا ندﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﺜﻨﺧ ﺖﻬﺟ هﺎﯿﮔ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﻦﯾا هﺪﻨﻫﺪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﻣ هﺮﻬﺑ ﯽﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ

رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ و ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﯽﻠﮐ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ .دﺮﺑ

ﺎﯿﺑآ ﻊﻄﻗ زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﯽﻔﻨﻣ ﺮﺛا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ) ﮏﯿﺑرﻮﮑﺳآ ﺪﯿﺳا ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﻪﻧاد دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ و ﯽﻫد ﻦﯿﺟرﻮﺧ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد ير

مﺮﮕﯿﻠﯿﻣ300

) ﺮﺑ و ﺰﻨﮕﻨﻣ يﺎﻫ يﺬﻐﻣ ﺰﯾر و (ﺮﺘﯿﻟ رد 1000

× ) ﮏﯿﺑرﻮﮑﺳآ ﺪﯿﺳا دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﺰﯿﻧ بﻮﻠﻄﻣ يرﺎﯿﺑآ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد .دﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﯿﺻﻮﺗ ار (4 ﺪﯿﺳا ،(ﺮﺘﯿﻟ رد مﺮﮕﯿﻠﯿﻣ300

) ﮏﯿﻠﯿﺴﯿﻟﺎﺳ ﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و (لﻮﻣوﺮﮑﯿﻣ100

) ﺰﻨﮕﻨﻣ و ﺮﺑ ،يور يﺎﻫ يﺬﻐﻣ ﺰﯾر ﻦ 1000

× ) بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ رد .ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﻧاد دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺐﺟﻮﻣ (4 15

) ﮏﯿﺑرﻮﮑﺳآ ﺪﯿﺳا دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﺰﯿﻧ (نﺎﺑآ ) ﺮﺑ و (ﺮﺘﯿﻟ رد مﺮﮕﯿﻠﯿﻣ 300

1000

× ﻢﯾﻼﻣ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد ﺎﻣا ،ﺖﺷاد ﻪﻧاد دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا رد ار ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ (4

) ﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ (رذآ5 ) ﮏﯿﻠﯿﺴﯿﻟﺎﺳ ﺪﯿﺳا

) ﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ يﺬﻐﻣ ﺰﯾر ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و (لﻮﻣوﺮﮑﯿﻣ200 1000

× ) ﺰﻨﮕﻨﻣ و (4 1000

× ار ﻪﻧاد دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ (2

.ﺖﺷاد لﺎﺒﻧﺪﺑ

(3)

ج

هژاوﺪﯿﻠﮐ :ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧاد دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ،ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ ،ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ ،ﯽﮔدز ﺎﻣﺮﺳ ،ﺎﻣﺮﮔ ،ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ،ﺶﻨﺗ

(4)

ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ

ﻦﯾوﺎﻨﻋ ...

...

ﻪﺤﻔﺻ..

:لوا ﻞﺼﻓ تﺎﯿﻠﮐ

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

- 1 ... ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ...

2

-1 - 1 ... ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﯽﻠﮐ نﺎﯿﺑ ...

2

-1 - 2 ﻫا و تروﺮﺿ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺖﯿﻤ

...

..

3

مود ﻞﺼﻓ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ :

-2 - 1 ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ...

...

6

-2 -1 - 1 ﺖﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﯽﺘﻧآ يﺎﻫ ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ و ﺎﺸﻏ يراﺪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ...

6

-2 -1 -2 هﺰﯿﮕﻧر ﺮﺑ ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ يﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ يﺎﻫ

...

7

-2 -1 - 3 لﻮﻠﺤﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﻗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ...

8

-2 -1 - 4 ﺎﺗ ﺮﯿﺛ ﻤﻋ و ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻠ

هﺎﯿﮔ دﺮﮑ ...

...

9

-2 - 2 ﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﺶﻨﺗ ...

...

15

-2 -2 - 1 ﺶﻨﮐاو ﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ هﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ ...

16

-2 -2 - 2 ﺶﻨﮐاو ﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ هﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﮑﯿﻣﻮﺗﺎﻧآ يﺎﻫ ...

...

16

-2 -2 - 3 ﺶﻨﮐاو ﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ هﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﻨﻓ يﺎﻫ ...

17

-2 -2 - 4 ﺶﻨﮐاو ﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ هﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ ...

...

23

-2 -2 -4 - 1 هﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﺑآ ﻂﺑاور ...

...

23

-2 -2 -4 - 2 ﺖﯿﻟﻮﻤﺳا ﻊﻤﺠﺗ ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ و رﺎﮔزﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ

ﺛ يﺎﻫ ﻪﯾﻮﻧﺎ ...

23

-2 -2 -4 - 4 ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ و ﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﺶﻨﺗ ...

26

-2 -2 -4 - 5 ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ اﻮﻣ ... هدروﺮﭘ د ...

27

-2 -2 -4 - 6 ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ يﺎﺸﻏ ﯽﺗراﺮﺣ يراﺪﯾﺎﭘ ...

...

27

-2 -2 -4 - 7 ﯽﻧﻮﻣرﻮﻫ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ...

...

28

-2 -2 - 5 ﺶﻨﮐاو ﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ هﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ ...

...

30

-2 -2 -5 - 1 ﯽﺘﻧآ و ﻮﯿﺗاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺶﻨﺗ ﺎﻫ ناﺪﯿﺴﮐا

...

30

-2 -2 -5 - 2 ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﯽﺗراﺮﺣ كﻮﺷ يﺎﻫ ...

35

-2 -2 -5 - 3 ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﯽﯾﺎﻣﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ

...

37

(5)

-2 -2 - 6 ﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ...

...

38

-2 -2 -6 - 1 ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ...

...

39

-2 -2 -6 - 2 ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا ﺎﻣﺮﮔ

ﺎﻫﺪﯿﭙﯿﻟ ﺮﺑ ...

41

-2 -2 -6 - 3 تراﺪﯿﻫﻮﺑﺮﮐﺮﺑ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻫ

ﯽﻧﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳﺮﯿﻏ يﺎ ...

43

-2 -2 - 7 دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ياﺰﺟا و دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﺶﻨﺗ و ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ... ﻪﻧاد

45

-2 - 3 ﺎﻣﺮﺳ ... ﯽﮔدز ...

...

50

-2 -3 - 1 ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ و ﺎﻫﺪﻨﻗ ﻊﻤﺠﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﺮﺛا ... ﺎﻫ

...

52

-2 - 4 ﮏﯿﺑرﻮﮑﺳآ ﺪﯿﺳا ...

...

51

-2 -4 - 1 ﯾﺰﻧآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ و ﺎﻫﺪﯿﭙﯿﻟ نﻮﯿﺳاﺪﯿﺴﮐاﺮﭘ ﺮﺑ ﮏﯿﺑرﻮﮑﺳآ ﺪﯿﺳا ﺶﻘﻧ ﻢ

ﯽﺘﻧآ يﺎﻫ ﺖﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا

...

52

-2 -4 - 2 هﺰﯿﮕﻧر ﺮﺑ ﮏﯿﺑرﻮﮑﺳآ ﺪﯿﺳا ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ يﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ يﺎﻫ

...

55

-2 -4 - 3 ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ ﮏﯿﺑرﻮﮑﺳآ ﺪﯿﺳا ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻦﯿﻟوﺮﭘ و ﺎﻫ

...

56

-2 -4 - 4 لﻮﻠﺤﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﻗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ ﮏﯿﺑرﻮﮑﺳآ ﺪﯿﺳا ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ...

57

-2 -4 - 5 هﺎﯿﮔ دﺮﻠﮑﻤﻋ و ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﮏﯿﺑرﻮﮑﺳآ ﺪﯿﺳا ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ...

...

58

-2 - 5 ﮏﯿﻠﯿﺴﯿﻟﺎﺳ ﺪﯿﺳا ...

...

59

-2 -5 - 1 ﺴﯿﻟﺎﺳ ﺪﯿﺳا ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ هﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﺑآ ﻂﺑاور و ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ ﺮﺑ ﮏﯿﻠﯿ

...

60

-2 -5 - 2 ﻞﯿﻓوﺮﻠﮐ و ﮏﯿﻠﯿﺴﯿﻟﺎﺳ ﺪﯿﺳا ...

..

61

-2 -5 - 3 نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ رد ﯽﺑآ ﺶﻨﺗ و ﮏﯿﻠﯿﺴﯿﻟﺎﺳ ﺪﯿﺳا ...

62

-2 -5 - 4 ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ و ﮏﯿﻠﯿﺴﯿﻟﺎﺳ ﺪﯿﺳا ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار ... ﺖﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﯽﺘﻧآ يﺎﻫ

...

63

-2 -5 - 5 ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ و ﮏﯿﻠﯿﺴﯿﻟﺎﺳ ﺪﯿﺳا ...

65

-2 -5 - 6 ﻦﻏور و ﮏﯿﻠﯿﺴﯿﻟﺎﺳ ﺪﯿﺳا ...

...

65

-2 - 6 لﻮﻧﺎﺘﻣ ...

...

66

-2 -6 - 1 ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺪﺷر و ﺲﻔﻨﺗ ،ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ لﻮﻧﺎﺘﻣ ...

66

-2 -6 - 2 بآ ﯽﺒﺴﻧ يﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺮﺑ لﻮﻧﺎﺘﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ...

...

69

-2 -6 - 3 دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ لﻮﻧﺎﺘﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ...

. 72

-2 - 7 ﺎﻫ يﺬﻐﻣ ﺰﯾر ...

...

72

-2 -7 - 1 يور ...

...

72

-2 -7 -1 - 1 ﺶﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﺶﻨﮐاو ﺮﺑ يور دﻮﺒﻤﮐ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ...

72

-2 -7 -1 - 2 ﻮﯿﺗاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺶﻨﺗ يﺎﻘﻟا ﺮﺑ يور دﻮﺒﻤﮐ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ...

...

72

-2 -7 -1 - 3 رﻮﻧ يﻻﺎﺑ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ هﺎﯿﮔ ﺶﻨﮐاو و يور ناﺰﯿﻣ ...

74

-2 -7 -1 - 4 ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﯿﺳﺎﺴﺣ يﺎﻘﻟا و يور دﻮﺒﻤﮐ ...

...

74

(6)

-2 -7 -1 - 5 هﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﺑآ ﻂﺑاور ﺮﺑ يور ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ...

75

-2 -7 -1 - 6 ﻞﯿﻓوﺮﻠﮐ و ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ ﺮﺑ يور ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ...

...

75

-2 -7 -1 - 7 ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺑ يور ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﯽﺘﻧآ يﺎﻫ

...

76

-2 -7 -1 - 8 دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ و ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ يور ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ هﺎﯿﮔ

..

...

77

-2 -7 -1 - 9 ﻦﻏور ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ يﺬﻐﻣ ﺰﯾر ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ...

80

-2 -7 - 2 ﺰﻨﮕﻨﻣ ...

...

80

-2 -7 -2 - 1 ﯽﺑآ ﻂﺑاور ﺮﺑ ﺰﻨﮕﻨﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ و

ﺶﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ هﺎﯿﮔ ﺶﻨﮐاو ...

...

80

-2 -7 -2 - 2 ﺖﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﯽﺘﻧآ يﺎﻫ ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ ﺮﺑ ﺰﻨﮕﻨﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ...

81

-2 -7 -2 - 3 ﺰﻨﮕﻨﻣ دﻮﺒﻤﮐ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد رﻮﻧ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ هﺎﯿﮔ ﺶﻨﮐاو ...

...

82

-2 -7 -2 -4 ﺰﻨﮕﻨﻣ دﻮﺒﻤﮐ ﺮﺛا رد گﺮﺑ لﻮﮑﯿﺗﻮﮐ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ...

82

-2 -7 -2 - 5 ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﺮﺑ ﺰﻨﮕﻨﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ و ﺎﻫ

...

83

-2 -7 -2 - 6 دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ و ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﺰﻨﮕﻨﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ...

83

-2 -7 - 3 ﺮﺑ ...

...

84

-2 -7 -3 - 1 ﯽﮑﺸﺧ و ﺶﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ هﺎﯿﮔ ﺶﻨﮐاو ﺮﺑ ﺮﺑ دﻮﺒﻤﮐ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ...

...

84

-2 -7 -3 -2 ﻪﺸﯾر ﺪﺷر رد لﻼﺘﺧا و ﺮﺑ دﻮﺒﻤﮐ ...

85

-2 -7 -3 - 3

ﺑ دﻮﺒﻤﮐ ﺮﺛا نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﯽﺑآ ﻂﺑاور ﺮﺑ ﺮ

...

85

-2 -7 -3 - 4 ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﯽﺘﻧآ يﺎﻫ

...

86

-2 -7 -3 - 5 هﺎﯿﮔ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ و ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ...

...

87

-2 - 8 ... نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ...

...

88

-2 -8 - 1 ... ﺖﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﯽﺘﻧآ يﺎﻫ ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ ﺮﺑ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ...

88

-2 -8 - 2 هﺰﯿﮕﻧر ﺮﺑ نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ... ﺎﻫ

...

89

شور و داﻮﻣ :مﻮﺳ ﻞﺼﻓ ﺎﻫ

-3 - 1 ... ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ياﺮﺟا ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ و ﻞﺤﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻓاﺮﻐﺟ ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ ..

92

-3 - 2 ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﯽﻤﯿﻠﻗا تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ...

...

92

-3 - 3 ... ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻞﺤﻣ كﺎﺧ تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ...

...

93

-3 - 4 ... تﺎﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ...

93

-3 -4 - 1 ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ :لوا ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﯽﻋﺎﻓد يﺎﻫ ﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﺮﺑ

اﺰﻠﮐ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ و ...

...

93

-3 -4 - 2 :مود ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ

ﺰﯾر يﺬﻐﻣ ﺎﻫ ﯽﻋﺎﻓد يﺎﻫ ﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﺮﺑ و

اﺰﻠﮐ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ...

...

94

(7)

-3 -4 - 3 :مﻮﺳ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ

ﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ ل و ﯽﻋﺎﻓد يﺎﻫ

...

95

-3 -4 - 4 :مرﺎﻬﭼ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ

يﺬﻐﻣ ﺰﯾر ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮ ﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

و ﯽﻋﺎﻓد يﺎﻫ

...

96

-3 -4 - 5 ﻨﭘ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﺮﺑ ﮏﯿﻠﯿﺴﯿﻟﺎﺳ ﺪﯿﺳا ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﯽﮔدز ﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ :ﻢﺠ

ﻢﺴﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﯽﻋﺎﻓد يﺎﻫ

اﺰﻠﮐ مﺎﻗرا ...

...

98

-3 -4 -6 ﻪﻧﺎﺨﻠﮔ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ) نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ حﻮﻄﺳ و ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ :ﻢﺸﺷ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ (يا

...

100

-3 - 5 ... ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ياﺮﺟا ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ...

...

100

-3 - 6 ... ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ درﻮﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا ...

100

-3 -6 - 1 گﺮﺑ ﯽﺒﺴﻧ بآ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ (RWC)

...

100

-3 -6 -2 ﯽﻨﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ هرﺎﺼﻋ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ...

101

-3 -6 - 3 هزاﺪﻧا زاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﻞﻨﻓ ﯽﻠﭘ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ يﺮﯿﮔ ...

...

101

-3 -6 - 4 زاﺪﯿﺴﮐاﺮﭘ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا ...

101

-3 -6 - 5 زﻻﺎﺗﺎﮐ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا ...

101

-3 -6 - 6 هزاﺪﻧا زاﺪﯿﺴﮐاﺮﭘ تﺎﺑرﻮﮑﺳآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ يﺮﯿﮔ ...

...

102

-3 -6 - 7 ...زﺎﺗﻮﻤﺴﯾد ﺪﯿﺴﮐاﺮﭘﻮﺳ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا ...

102

-3 -6 - 8 هزاﺪﻧا ﻦﯿﻟوﺮﭘ يﺮﯿﮔ ...

...

102

-3 -6 - 9 ... ﺪﯿﺋﺪﻟآ يد نﻮﻟﺎﻣ يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا ...

...

102

-3 -6 - 10 اﻧ هزاﺪ ﺪﻨﻗ راﺪﻘﻣ يﺮﯿﮔ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ

...

103

-3 -6 - 11 هزاﺪﻧا هﺰﯿﮕﻧر يﺮﯿﮔ يﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ يﺎﻫ

...

103

-3 -6 - 12 ﻦﯿﻧﻮﯿﺘﻣ و ﻦﯾﺰﯿﻟ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ...

103

(8)

-3 -6 - 13 ﮏﺗ زرﻮﻓوﺮﺘﮑﻟا شور ﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ نﺎﯿﺑ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ... يﺪﻌﺑ

104

-3 -5 -13 - 1 ... زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ...

104

-3 -6 -13 - 2 ... زﺎﯿﻧ درﻮﻣ ﻞﯾﺎﺳو ...

104

-3 -6 -13 - 3 ... ﺎﻫ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ...

104

-3 -6 - 14 ... ﻦﻏور ناﺰﯿﻣ يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا ...

106

-3 -6 - 15 هزاﺪﻧا ناﺰﯿﻣ يﺮﯿﮔ بﺮﭼ يﺎﻫ ﺪﯿﺳا

...

106

-3 -6 - 16 هزاﺪﻧا ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ يﺮﯿﮔ ...

...

106

-3 -6 - 17 هزاﺪﻧا ﻪﻧاد دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ يﺮﯿﮔ ...

106

-3 -6 - 18 هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﯿﮔ ياﺰﺟا ... دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ...

106

-3 -6 - 19 ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا ﯽﻧز

...

106

-3 -6 -19 - 1 ﯽﻧز ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺪﺻرد ...

...

107

-3 -6 -19 - 2 ﯽﻧز ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ نﺎﻣز ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ...

...

107

-3 -6 -19 - 3 ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﯽﻧز

...

107

-3 -6 -19 - 4 ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﻧازور ﯽﻧز

...

107

-3 -6 -19 - 5 ﻪﻧازور ﯽﻧز ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ...

108

-3 -6 - 20 ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﺪﺷر يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا ...

108

-3 -6 -20 - 1 ﺸﯾر لﻮﻃ ﻪ

ﻪﭼ ...

...

108

(9)

-3 -6 -20 - 2 ﻗﺎﺳ لﻮﻃ ﻪ

ﻪﭼ ...

...

108

-3 -6 -20 - 3 ﺸﯾر ﮏﺸﺧ نزو ﻪ

ﻗﺎﺳ و ﻪﭼ ﻪ

ﻪﭼ ...

...

108

-3 -6 - 21 ترﺪﻗ يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ هزاﺪﻧا ...

108

-3 -6 -21 - 1 ترﺪﻗ ﯽﻟﻮﻃ و ﯽﻧزو ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ...

108

-3 -6 -21 -2 هزاﺪﻧا رﺬﺑ ﺮﯾﺎﺧذ كﺮﺤﺗ يﺮﯿﮔ ...

...

108

-3 -6 - 22 ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ي يرﺎﻣآ ...

...

109

ﻞﺼﻓ ﺚﺤﺑ و ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ :مرﺎﻬﭼ

-4 - 1 لوا ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ...

...

111

-4 - 1 - 1 ﺖﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﯽﺘﻧآ يﺎﻫ ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺑ ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا ...

111

-4 -1 -1 - 1 ﺎﺗﺎﮐ ) زﻻ

( CAT

...

111

-4 -1 -1 -2 )زاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﻞﻨﻓ ﯽﻠﭘ ( PPO

...

112

-4 -1 -1 -3 زاﺪﯿﺴﮐاﺮﭘ )

( PO ...

...

114

-4 -1 -1 -4 تﺎﺑرﻮﮑﺳآ زاﺪﯿﺴﮐاﺮﭘ

)

( APX

...

115

-4 -1 -1 - 5 زﺎﺗﻮﻤﺴﯾد ﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﺮﭘﻮﺳ )

... (SOD 116

-4 -1 - 2 هﺰﯿﮕﻧر ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا ... ﺎﻫ

118

-4 -1 -2 - 1 ﻞﯿﻓوﺮﻠﮐ وa

... b ...

118

-4 -1 -2 - 2 ﻞﯿﻓوﺮﻠﮐ ...a/b

...

120

-4 -1 -2 -3 ﻞﮐ ﻞﯿﻓوﺮﻠﮐ ...

...

122

(10)

-4 -1 -2 - 4 ﺎﻫﺪﯿﺋﻮﻨﺗورﺎﮐ ...

...

123

-4 -1 - 3 ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا ... ﮏﯿﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ و ﯽﺑآ ﻂﺑاور

127

-4 -1 -3 - 1 ) ﯽﺒﺴﻧ بآ يﻮﺘﺤﻣ

( RWC

...

127

-4 -1 -3 - 2 ) ﺪﯿﺋﺪﻟآ يد نﻮﻟﺎﻣ

( MDA

...

129

-4 -1 -3 - 3 ﻞﮐ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ...

...

131

-4 -1 -3 - 4 ﻦﯿﻟوﺮﭘ ...

...

132

-4 -1 -3 - 5 لﻮﻠﺤﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﻗ ...

...

134

-4 -1 -3 - 6 ﻦﯾﺰﯿﻟ ...

...

135

-4 -1 -3 - 7 ﻦﯿﻧﻮﯿﺘﻣ ...

...

137

-4 -1 - 4 دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ياﺰﺟا و ﻪﻧاد دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ،ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا

...

142

-4 -1 -4 - 1 ﻪﺗﻮﺑ عﺎﻔﺗرا ...

...

142

-4 -1 -4 - 2 ﯽﻋﺮﻓ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ داﺪﻌﺗ ...

...

143

-4 -1 -4 - 3 ﻪﺗﻮﺑ رد ﻦﯿﺟرﻮﺧ داﺪﻌﺗ ...

...

144

-4 -1 -4 - 4 ﻦﯿﺟرﻮﺧ نزو ...

...

145

-4 -1 -4 -5 ﻦﯿﺟرﻮﺧ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﭘ نزو ...

...

146

-4 -1 -4 - 6 ﻦﯿﺟرﻮﺧ رد ﻪﻧاد داﺪﻌﺗ ...

147

-4 -1 -4 -7 و ﻪﻧاد راﺰﻫ نز ...

...

148

-4 -1 -4 -8 ﺮﺘﯿﻟﻮﺘﮑﻫ نزو ...

...

149

-4 -1 -4 -9 ﻪﻧاد دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ...

...

150

(11)

-4 -1 -4 -10 ﯿﺑ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮ

...

....

152

-4 -1 -4 -11 ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ...

...

153

-4 -1 - 5 ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا ... ﻦﻏور ناﺰﯿﻣ و بﺮﭼ يﺎﻫ ﺪﯿﺳا

159

-4 -1 -5 - 1 ... عﺎﺒﺷا بﺮﭼ يﺎﻫﺪﯿﺳا ...

159

-4 -1 -5 -1 - 1 ... ﮏﯾرﺎﺌﺘﺳا ﺪﯿﺳا و ﮏﯿﺘﻤﻟﺎﭘ ﺪﯿﺳا ...

159

-4 -1 -5 - 2 ... عﺎﺒﺷا ﺮﯿﻏ بﺮﭼ يﺎﻫﺪﯿﺳا ...

160

-4 -1 -5 -2 - 1 ... ﮏﯿﺌﻟﻮﻨﯿﻟ ﺪﯿﺳا و ﮏﯿﺌﻟوا ﺪﯿﺳا ...

160

-4 -1 -5 - 3 ﻣ ... ﻦﻏور ناﺰﯿ ...

162

-4 -1 - 6 ... يرﺬﺑ يﺎﻫ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﺮﺑ يرادرﺎﺒﻧا و ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ،ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا ..

164

-4 -1 -6 - 1 ﻪﺸﯾر لﻮﻃ ﻪﭼ

...

164

-4 -1 -6 - 2 ... ﻪﭼ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ لﻮﻃ ...

165

-4 -1 -6 - 3 ﻪﺸﯾر ﮏﺸﺧ نزو ﻪﭼ

...

167

-4 -1 -6 - 4 ﮏﺸﺧ نزو ﻪﻗﺎﺳ

ﻪﭼ ...

....

168

-4 -1 -6 - 5 ... ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ لﻮﻃ ...

169

-4 -1 -6 - 6 ... ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﮏﺸﺧ نزو ...

170

-4 -1 -6 - 7 ... رﺬﺑ ترﺪﻗ ﯽﻟﻮﻃ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ...

172

-4 -1 -6 - 8 ... رﺬﺑ ترﺪﻗ ﯽﻧزو ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ...

..

174

-4 -1 -6 - 9 ... ﯽﻧز ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺪﺻرد ...

176

(12)

-4 -1 -6 - 10 ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ياﺮﺑ مزﻻ نﺎﻣز ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﯽﻧز

...

177

-4 -1 -6 - 11 ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﯽﻧز

...

179

-4 -1 -6 - 12 ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﻧازور ﯽﻧز

...

181

-4 -1 -6 - 13 ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻪﻧازور ﯽﻧز

...

182

-4 - 2 ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ... مود

...

186

-4 - 2 - 1 ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا يﺬﻐﻣ ﺰﯾر

ﺎﻫ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺑ ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﺖﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﯽﺘﻧآ يﺎﻫ ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ

...

186

-4 -2 -1 - 1 ) زﻻﺎﺗﺎﮐ

( CAT

...

186

-4 -2 -1 -2 )زاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﻞﻨﻓ ﯽﻠﭘ ( PPO

...

187

-4 -2 -1 -3 زاﺪﯿﺴﮐاﺮﭘ )

( PO ...

...

188

)

( APX

...

189

... (SOD ...

190

-4 -2 - 2 ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا يﺬﻐﻣ ﺰﯾر

ﺎﻫ هﺰﯿﮕﻧر ﺮﺑ ... ﺎﻫ

193

-4 -2 -2 - 1 ﻞﯿﻓوﺮﻠﮐ وa

...b ...

193

-4 -2 -2 - 2 ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻞﯿﻓوﺮﻠﮐ ...a/b

..

195

-4 -2 -2 -3 ﻞﮐ ﻞﯿﻓوﺮﻠﮐ ...

...

....

196

...

197

ﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ ... ﮏﯿﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ و ﯽﺑآ ﻂﺑاور

201

-4 -2 -3 - 1 ) ﯽﺒﺴﻧ بآ يﻮﺘﺤﻣ

( RWC

...

201

( MDA

...

201

-4 -2 -3 - 3 ﻞﮐ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ...

...

203

-4 -2 -3 - 4 ﻦﯿﻟوﺮﭘ ...

...

204

-4 -2 -3 - 5 لﻮﻠﺤﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﻗ ...

...

206

-4 -2 -3 - 6 ﻦﯾﺰﯿﻟ ...

...

207

-4 -2 -3 - 7 ﻦﯿﻧﻮﯿﺘﻣ ...

...

208

ﺎﻫ ﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ياﺰﺟا و ﻪﻧاد دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ،ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ ﺮﺑ د

...

212

-4 -2 -4 - 1 ﻪﺗﻮﺑ عﺎﻔﺗرا ...

...

212

(13)

...

213

...

214

-4 -2 -4 - 4 ﻦﯿﺟرﻮﺧ نزو ...

...

215

...

216

218

-4 -2 -4 -7 ﻪﻧاد راﺰﻫ نزو ...

...

218

-4 -2 -4 -8 ﺮﺘﯿﻟﻮﺘﮑﻫ نزو ...

...

219

-4 -2 -4 -9 ﻪﻧاد دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ...

...

220

-4 -2 -4 -10 ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ...

...

221

-4 -2 -4 -11 ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ...

...

222

ﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ ... ﻦﻏور ناﺰﯿﻣ و بﺮﭼ يﺎﻫ ﺪﯿﺳا

227

-4 -2 -5 - 1 ... عﺎﺒﺷا بﺮﭼ يﺎﻫﺪﯿﺳا ...

227

-4 -2 -5 -1 - 1 ... ﮏﯾرﺎﺌﺘﺳا ﺪﯿﺳا و ﮏﯿﺘﻤﻟﺎﭘ ﺪﯿﺳا ...

227

-4 -2 -5 - 2 ... عﺎﺒﺷا ﺮﯿﻏ بﺮﭼ يﺎﻫﺪﯿﺳا ...

228

-4 -2 -5 -2 - 1 ... ﮏﯿﺌﻟﻮﻨﯿﻟ ﺪﯿﺳا و ﮏﯿﺌﻟوا ﺪﯿﺳا ...

228

-4 -2 -5 - 3 ... ﻦﻏور ناﺰﯿﻣ ...

...

230

-4 -2 - 6 يﺬﻐﻣ ﺰﯾر ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ،ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا ﺎﻫ

... يرﺬﺑ يﺎﻫ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﺮﺑ يرادرﺎﺒﻧا و

232

-4 -2 -6 - 1 ﻃ ﻪﺸﯾر لﻮ ﻪﭼ

...

232

-4 -1 -6 - 2 ... ﻪﭼ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ لﻮﻃ ...

233

-4 -2 -6 - 3 ... ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ لﻮﻃ ...

234

-4 -2 -6 - 4 ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﮏﺸﺧ نزو ﻪﭼ

...

....

236

-4 -2 -6 - 5 ﻪﺸﯾر ﮏﺸﺧ نزو ... ﻪﭼ

...

238

(14)

-4 -2 -6 - 6 ... ﻪﭽﻫﺎﯿﮔ ﮏﺸﺧ نزو ...

239

-4 -1 -6 - 7 ... رﺬﺑ ترﺪﻗ ﯽﻟﻮﻃ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ...

241

-4 -2 -6 - 8 ... رﺬﺑ ترﺪﻗ ﯽﻧزو ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ...

242

-4 -2 -6 - 9 رد ... ﯽﻧز ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺪﺻ ...

244

-4 -2 -6 - 10 ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﯽﻧز

...

245

-4 - 3 ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ... مﻮﺳ

...

248

-4 - 3 - 1 ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ) ﺎﻣﺮﮔ

(ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﯽﺘﻧآ يﺎﻫ ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺑ ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و

ﺖﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ...

...

248

-4 -3 -1 - 1 ﺎﮐ ) زﻻﺎﺗ

( CAT

...

248

...

249

-4 -3 -1 -3 زاﺪﯿﺴﮐاﺮﭘ )

( PO ...

...

250

)

( APX

...

251

... (SOD

252

-4 -3 - 2 ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا ﺎﻣﺮﮔ

هﺰﯿﮕﻧر ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ... ﺎﻫ

254

-4 -3 -2 - 1 ﻞﯿﻓوﺮﻠﮐ وa

...b ...

254

...

256

-4 -3 -2 -3 ﻞﮐ ﻞﯿﻓوﺮﻠﮐ ...

...

257

...

258

ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ... ﮏﯿﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ و ﯽﺑآ ﻂﺑاور

263

( MDA

...

263

-4 -3 -3 - 2 ﻞﮐ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ...

...

265

-4 -3 -3 - 3 ﻦﯿﻟوﺮﭘ ...

...

266

-4 -3 -3 - 4 لﻮﻠﺤﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﻗ ...

...

268

-4 -3 -3 - 5 ﻦﯾﺰﯿﻟ ...

...

269

(15)

-4 -3 -3 - 6 ﻦﯿﻧﻮﯿﺘﻣ ...

...

271

-4 -3 -3 - 7 ... لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻞﮐ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ نﺎﯿﺑ يﻮﮕﻟا ...

...

272

ﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ياﺰﺟا و ﻪﻧاد دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ،ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و د

...

277

-4 -3 -4 - 1 ﻪﺗﻮﺑ عﺎﻔﺗرا ...

...

277

...

278

...

279

-4 -3 -4 - 4 ﻦﯿﺟرﻮﺧ نزو ...

...

280

...

281

282

-4 -3 -4 -7 و ﻪﻧاد راﺰﻫ نز ...

...

283

-4 -3 -4 -8 ﺮﺘﯿﻟﻮﺘﮑﻫ نزو ...

...

284

-4 -3 -4 -9 ﻪﻧاد دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ...

...

284

-4 -3 -4 -10 ﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﮏﯾژ

...

286

-4 -3 -4 -11 ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ...

...

287

-4 - 4 ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ... مرﺎﻬﭼ

...

292

-4 - 4 - 1 ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا (ﺖﺷﺎﮐ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ) ﺎﻣﺮﮔ

ﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﯽ

يﺬﻐﻣ ﺰﯾر ﺎﻫ

ﯽﺘﻧآ يﺎﻫ ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺑ ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ

ﺖﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ...

...

292

-4 -4 -1 - 1 ) زﻻﺎﺗﺎﮐ

( CAT

...

292

...

293

-4 -4 -1 -3 زاﺪﯿﺴﮐاﺮﭘ )

( PO ...

...

294

)

( APX

...

295

... (SOD 297

و ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ يﺬﻐﻣ ﺰﯾر

ﺎﻫ هﺰﯿﮕﻧر ﺮﺑ ... ﺎﻫ

300

-4 -4 -2 - 1 ﻞﯿﻓوﺮﻠﮐ وa

...b ...

300

(16)

...

302

-4 -4 -2 -3 ﻞﮐ ﻞﯿﻓوﺮﻠﮐ ...

...

303

...

. 304

ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و يﺬﻐﻣ ﺰﯾر

ﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ ... ﮏﯿﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ و ﯽﺑآ ﻂﺑاور

308

( MDA

...

308

-4 -4 -3 - 2 ﻞﮐ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ...

...

310

-4 -4 -3 - 3 ﻦﯿﻟوﺮﭘ ...

...

312

-4 -4 -3 - 4 لﻮﻠﺤﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﻗ ...

...

314

-4 -4 -3 - 5 ﻦﯾﺰﯿﻟ ...

...

315

-4 -4 -3 - 6 ﻦﯿﻧﻮﯿﺘﻣ ...

...

316

-4 -4 -3 - 7 ... لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻞﮐ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ نﺎﯿﺑ يﻮﮕﻟا ...

317

ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و يﺬﻐﻣ ﺰﯾر

ﺎﻫ ﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ياﺰﺟا و ﻪﻧاد دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ،ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ تﺎﻔﺻ ﺮﺑ د

...

322

-4 -4 -4 - 1 ﻪﺗﻮﺑ عﺎﻔﺗرا ...

...

322

...

322

324

-4 -4 -4 - 4 ﻦﯿﺟرﻮﺧ نزو ...

...

326

...

326

327

-4 -4 -4 -7 ﻪﻧاد راﺰﻫ نزو ...

...

327

-4 -4 -4 -8 ﺮﺘﯿﻟﻮﺘﮑﻫ نزو ...

...

329

-4 -4 -4 -9 ﻪﻧاد دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ...

...

330

-4 -4 -4 -10 ﮏﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ...

...

331

-4 -4 -4 -11 ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ...

..

...

332

-4 - 5 ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ... ﻢﺠﻨﭘ

...

338

-4 - 5 - 1 ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا ﯽﮔدزﺎﻣﺮﺳ

ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﮏﯿﻠﯿﺴﯿﻟﺎﺳ ﺪﯿﺳا

ﯽﺘﻧآ يﺎﻫ ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺑ ﺖﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا

و

... ﮏﯿﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ...

338

(17)

-4 -5 -1 - 1 ) زﻻﺎﺗﺎﮐ

( CAT

...

338

...

339

-4 -5 -1 -3 زاﺪﯿﺴﮐاﺮﭘ )

( PO ...

...

340

)

( APX

...

341

... (SOD 342

-4 -5 -1 - 6 ) ﺪﯿﺋﺪﻟآ رد نﻮﻟﺎﻣ ... (MDA

...

343

-4 -5 -1 - 7 ﻞﮐ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ...

...

344

-4 -5 -1 - 8 ﻦﯿﻟوﺮﭘ ...

...

345

-4 -5 -1 - 9 لﻮﻠﺤﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﻗ ...

...

346

-4 - 6 ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ... ﻢﺸﺷ

...

348

-4 - 6 - 1 ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا نژوﺮﺘﯿﻧ و ﯽﮑﺸﺧ

ﺖﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﯽﺘﻧآ يﺎﻫ ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺑ ... ﮏﯿﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ و

348

-4 -6 -1 - 1 ) زﻻﺎﺗﺎﮐ

( CAT

...

348

...

350

-4 -6 -1 -3 زاﺪﯿﺴﮐاﺮﭘ )

( PO ...

...

351

-4 -5 -1 - 4 لﻮﻠﺤﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﻗ ...

...

353

-4 -5 -1 - 5 ﯿﻟوﺮﭘ ... ﻦ ...

355

-4 -5 -1 - 6 ﻞﮐ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ...

...

357

-4 -5 -3 - 7 ﻦﯾﺰﯿﻟ ...

...

358

(18)

-4 -5 -3 - 8 ﻦﯿﻧﻮﯿﺘﻣ ...

...

360

... ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ...

366

ﺎﻫ لوﺪﺟ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ

لوﺪﺟ -3

- 1 ... ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻞﺤﻣ كﺎﺧ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ و ﯽﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ

93

لوﺪﺟ -3

- 2 ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ... لوا ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ رد

94

لوﺪﺟ -3

- 3 ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ... مود ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ رد

95

لوﺪﺟ -3

- 4 ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ... مﻮﺳ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ رد

96

لوﺪﺟ -3

- 5 ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ... مرﺎﻬﭼ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ رد

96

ﺪﺟ لو -4 - 1 يﺎﻫ ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ

لوا لﺎﺳ رد ﺖﻧاﺪﯿﺴﮐا ﯽﺘﻧآ ...

...

117

لوﺪﺟ -4

- 2 ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ هﺰﯿﮕﻧر

لوا لﺎﺳ رد ﺎﻫ

ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ...

...

124

لوﺪﺟ -4

- 3 ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ هﺰﯿﮕﻧر

مود لﺎﺳ رد ﺎﻫ

...

125

لوﺪﺟ -4

- 4 لﺎﺳ ود رد ﺎﻫ هﺰﯿﮕﻧر ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ﯽﺷﺎﭘ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ و ﯽﮑﺸﺧ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺮﺛا ﺐﮐﺮﻣ ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ

...

125

(19)

Family name: Kalantar Ahmadi Name: Seyed Ahmad

Title of Thesis : Ecophysiological study of some environmental stresses, growth regulators and micronutrients on agronomic and qualitative characteristics of canola in north of Khouzestan

Supervisor: Dr. Ali Ebadi

Advisors: Dr. Soodabeh Jahanbakhsh, Dr. Seyed Ataollah Siadat, Dr. Jahanfar Daneshian Graduate Degree: Ph.D

Major: Agronomy Specialty: Crop Physiology University: Mohaghegh Ardabili Faculty: Agriculture

Graduation date: 2015.8.17 Number of pages: 432 Abstract

To evaluate the responses of canola (Hyola401 cultivar) to foliar application of growth regulators and micro-nutrients under drought, heat and chilling stresses six experiments were conducted in Safiabad Agricultural Research Center of Dezful. Results indicated that maximum catalase and polyphenol oxidase activities were observed under cessation irrigation at flowering stage (severe drought stress) and foliar application of 300 µmol SA while ascorbate peroxidase reached its maximum activity under the same irrigation conditions and foliar application of 300 mg.l^-1AsA. Increasing in intensity of drought stress led to rise in chlorophyll b and carotenoids, but chlorophyll a declined. Stress caused by cessation irrigation at flowering stage was so severe that even various foliar application treatments could not offset decreases in seed yield. However, the treatment of cessation irrigation at silique stage and foliar application of ascorbic acid (300 mg.l^-1) could improve grain yield to some extent and it was superior to other foliar application treatments. Under conditions of optimum moisture, foliar application of ascorbic acid (300 mg.l^-1) and salicylic acid (100 μM) also had positive effects on grain yield. Results showed that simple effects of drought stress, foliar application and their interaction effects were significant on polyphenol oxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Amount of oil, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids decreased in severe and mild drought stress compared to optimum conditions. The results of the effect of heat stress and foliar application of growth regulators showed that the maximum grain yield (4540 kg.ha^-

1) belonged to optimum condition (1^st sowing date) and foliar application of ascorbic acid (300 mg.lit^-1).

Not applying of growth regulators led to increase in malondialdehyde under both optimum, mild and severe heat stress. The interaction of heat stress × foliar application showed that the highest activity of catalase and peroxidase under severe heat stress belonged to foliar application of B (2×1000). Heat stress caused in decrease in proline content and the maximum proline belonged to optimum condition and application of Mn (4×1000). Considering the results, sowing date of 16^th Nov is not recommended and foliar application of B, Mn and Zn (4×1000) had the most influence to improve grain yield under delaying sowing date of 26^th Nov (mild heat stress). The variety of the trend of antioxidant enzymes activity changes indicates that a plant uses various mechanism to neutralize the negative effects of drought and heat stress. Considering the results and to decrease negative effects of cessation irrigation at silique stage and improvement of grain yield, foliar application of ascorbic acid (300 mg.l^-1), Mn and B (4×1000) are recommended. Application of ascorbic acid (300 mg.l^-1), salicylic acid (100 μmol) and micronutrients of Zn, B and Mn (4×1000) led to increase grain yield. Application of ascorbic acid (300 mg.l^-1), and B (4×1000) had the highest effect on grain yield under optimum sowing date (6^th Nov), but foliar application of salicylic acid (200 μmol) and also micronutrients of B (4×1000) and Mn (2×1000) led to improve grain yield under mild heat stress (26^th Nov).

Key words: Stress, Drought, Heat, Enzyme, Metabolite, Grain yield.

(20)

University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Faculty of Agriculture Sciences Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding

Title:

Ecophysiological study of some environmental stresses, growth regulators and micro-nutrients on agronomic and qualitative characteristics of canola in north of

Khouzestan Supervisor:

Dr. Ali Ebadi (Ph.D)

Advisor:

Soodabeh Jahanbakhsh (Ph.D) Seyed Ataollah Siadat (Ph.D)

Jahanfar Daneshian (Ph.D)

By:

Seyed Ahmad Kalantar Ahmadi

Summer-2015