ﻱﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ –
ﻲﭘﺎﻴﭘ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ )
۳۴ ( – ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ۲ - ﻥﺎﺘﺴﺑﺎﺗ ۱۳۸۸
ﺺﺻ ۱۳۲ - ۱۰۷
ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻭ
ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ
ﻠﻋ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻡﻮ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ
ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ
ﺮﻫ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ»
ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺹﺎﺧ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،«
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻲﻠﻛ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ .
ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﮓـﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲـﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺮـﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﺎـﻫ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ »
«
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺕﻭﺎـﻔﺘﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ،ﺹﺎﺧ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺑﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺮﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻬﺸﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻛﺍﺮﭘ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻭ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻬﺸﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻄ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ۵۸۲
ﺯﺍ ﻪـﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﺮﺘﺧﺩ ﻭ ﺮﺴﭘ ﻱﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ
ﻦﻴﺑ ۱۹۰۵۲ ﻩﺪﻜﺸـﻧﺍﺩ ﺎـﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﻮﻴﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﮐﻮﮐ ﻝﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺏﺎـﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺲﻨـﺟ ﻭ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ .
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ،ﻩﺪـﻣﺁ ﺖـﺳﺩ ﻪـﺑ ﺕﺍﺮـﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻲﻠﻛ ﺭﻮﻄﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ
ﻲﻋﺎـــﻤﺘﺟﺍ )
۴۹ / ۵۲ ( ﻲـــﻨﻳﺩ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ، )
۰۲ / ۵۲ ( ﻱﺮـــﻈﻧ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ، )
۹۸ / ۵۱ ( ﻱﺩﺎﺼـــﺘﻗﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ، )
۵۱ / ۴۹ ( ﻲـــﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ، )
۱۷ / ۴۹ ( ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ
ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺎﺒﻳﺯ )
۹۱ / ۳۸ ( ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ . ﻚﺗ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ
ﻑﻭﺮﮔﻮﻤﻟﻮﻛ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ -
ﺕﻭﺎـﻔﺗ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸـﻧﺍﺩ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻬﺸﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻒﻧﻮﻤﻴﺳ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﻣﺮﻧ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ .
ﺩﺮﻛ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺕﺎﺸﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻦﻣﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﻱﺮﺘﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘﺎﻧ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ .
ﻱﺎـﻬﻧﻮﻣﺯﺁ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻳﺩ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﺍﺭ
.
ﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ :
ﺲﻨﺟ ،ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ،ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﺍ .
The Value Tendencies and Priorities of University Students and
its Relationship with Social Class
ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ
١٠٨
M. Elmi
Social Seiances Department , Islamic Azad University of Tabriz
Abstract
Every "social class" has its own culture in the general culture realm. One of the essential elements of each society is the term "value". Individuals belonging to a particular social class, own specific value system, and their value tendency priorities are different from other social classes. The aim of this research is the determination of the rate and type of value tendency inclinations and social class. The statistical sample includes 582 male and female B.A. university students of various courses in Islamic Azad Tabriz University.
The sample was chosen from, 19052 students using a random classified sampling method, appropriate to the faculty and include respectively: social values(52.49), religious values(52.02), theoretical values(51.98), economic values(49.51), political values(49.17), and aesthetic values(38.9).the single-sample Kolmogrov- Smirnof difference from normal distribution. The non-parametric Freidman Test also showed significant Keywords: Value tendencies, Value priorities, gender, social class
ﻪﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ
ﺯ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻱﺭﺍﺮﻗﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻲﮔﺪﻧ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻭ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻱﻭ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﻭ ﺍﺪﻴﭘ ﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ . ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺴﻧﺍ ،ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺎ
ﻭﺮﮔ ﻩ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺁ ﻭ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ،ﺶﻨﻴﺑ ،ﻲﺘﺴﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﺩﺮﻓ ﺮﻫ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﮒﺭﺰﺑ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻮﺧ
ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ،ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺯ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻣ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﻛ
ﺪﻨ . ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ -
ﺩﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ .
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ -
ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻄﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺍ
ﺪﺑﺎﻳ . ﺭﺩ
ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺪﻨﻳﻮﮔ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ
" . ﻪﻘﺒﻃ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ "
ﻲﻣ ﻕﻼﻃﺍ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻱﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ،ﺖﻴﺜﻴﺣ ،ﻙﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺏﺍﺩﺁ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﺼﺨﺷ ﺕﺎﻘﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﻭ ﺕﻭﺮﺛ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺮﺷﺎﻌﻣ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ )".
،ﻦﺋﻮﻛ ١٣٧٠
، ١٧٨ ( ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﹰﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ
ﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺎﻳﺍﺰﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺎﻓﺭ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ .
ﻱﻭﺭ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻲﻣ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ،ﺪﻨﻛ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻄﺑﺍﻮﺿ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻫﺍﻮﺧ
ﻑﺪﻫ ﺭﺩ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻮﺑ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ،ﺪﻨﺑﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺍ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺪﻨﻛ
. ﻱﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻡﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻪﺑ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣﺁ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﺘﺧﻭﺪﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻧﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺙﺍﺮﻴﻣ .
ﺶﺨﺑ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻱﻮﻨﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﻣ .
ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﻮﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ
ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻩﻮﻴﺷ ﻧﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺩﺎﻣ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻥﺎﺴ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻫﺩ . ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺩﻮﺧ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺭﻭﺎﺘﺳﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﻡﻭﺍﺪﺗ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻳ ﻥﺁ ﺕﺎﺒﺛ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ﺪﺸﺨﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﺎﺳﺭ .
ﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺹﺎﺧ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺮ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻲﻠﻛ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ .
ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺮﻫ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
ﻲﻣ ﺕﺄﺸﻧ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻥﺁ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ
ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻪﺑ
ﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻣﺍ ﺪﻫﺩ .
ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
...
١٠٩
ﻳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜ
"
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ "
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻭ ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳﺩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻪﺘﺳﺍﻮﺧ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﺎﺗ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ .
» ﺮﺗ ﻱﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﺯﺍ ،ﺎﻬﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻳ
ﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻦ
ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻞ
ﺪﻧﻭﺭ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﺸﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ .
ﺎﻬﺷﺯﺭﺍ
ﻪﻧﺎﮔﻭﺩ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺎﻬﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻳ ﻧ ﻪﺑﺎﺜﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻲﺘﻬﺟ ﺯﺍ ،ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻲﻣ ﺀﺎﻔ ﻴ
ﻱﻭﺮ
ﺩ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺮﺸﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻳ
،ﺮﮕ ﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ
ﺭﺎﻤﺸﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺪﻨﺑﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ
ﻲﻣ ﻧﻭﺭ ﺪ .
« ) ،ﺮﻓ ﻲﻘﻟﺎﺧ ۱۳۷۸
: ۱۰۸ (
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺪﻨﻣﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﺮﻴﺳ ﻂﺧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﻭﺭ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﺸﺑ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻳﺍﺪﻫ ،ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺍ ﻭ ﺶﻨﮐ ﹰﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻱﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻪﺑﺎﺜﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻲﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﻈﻧ ﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻱﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﺘﺑﺎﺛ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻴﺑﺯﺎﺑ ﻪ
ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﻈﻧ .
ﺍﺭ ﺎﻣ ،ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺩﺮﺑ ﻲﭘ
ﻭ ﺶﻨﮐ ﻩﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻕﻮﺳ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻥﺁ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﮐ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻨﺷﺁ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ .
ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﻫ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ
ﺐﺴﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻔﻬﻧ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻥﺁ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻦﻄﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺶﻨﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻥﺁ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺛﺄﺗ ﻭ ﺮ .
ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ،ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﻫ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺖﻴﺒﺴﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ -
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
ﺎﻫﺩﺮﮑﻳﻭﺭ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻭﺭ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﺩ
)
،ﻦﺋﻮﮐ ١٣٨٣ : ١٨٤ ( ﺮﻫ
ﻱﺎﻬﺘﺷﺍﺩﺭﻭﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﺮﮑﻳﻭﺭ ،ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﮏﺒﺳ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻝﻮﺒﻘﻣ ﻭ ﺹﻮﺼﺨﻣ .
ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﺘﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ
ﹰﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺎﻬﺘﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﺴﮑﻳ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻬﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ .
ﻪﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ
ﺍ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﺯ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﻮﮕﻟﺍ ،ﺎﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻥﺎﺷ
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻭ ﻙﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻭ ﺖﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
. ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺎﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺩﺰﻧ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺖﻴﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻭ ﻚﻴﺳﻼﻛ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﭻﻴﻫ ﺪﻳﺎﺷ ،ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ
ﺎﻫ
ﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ ﺄﺸﻨ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ
.
ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺄﺸﻨﻣ ﻥﻮﭼ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺍﺩ
ﻩﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﻩﺮﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻤﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ
.
ﺍ ﺵﺯﺭ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺮﻛ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﻭﺮﮔ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟﺍ ،ﺹﺎﺨﺷﺍ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ،ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺎﻳ ﻩ
ﻑﺪﻫ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺎﻴﺷﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
- ﺍﺭ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺪﻨﻛ
. ﺟ ﻪﻌﻣﺎ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ،ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻘﻠﺗ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺍ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻱﺍﺭﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﭼ ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ ﺖﺸﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻌﻤﺟ ﺮﻜﻓ ﺯﺮﻃ ﻭ ﻲﻌﻤﺟ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻢﻳﻼﻋ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻌﻤﺟ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺮﻜﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ،ﻲﻋ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻔﻬﻧ .
ﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﺮﻈﻨﻣ ﺯ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻭ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ
. ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻱﺭﻮﻣﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ﺍﺭ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺵﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ . ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ
"
ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺮﻫ ،ﺮﮕﻧﺍﺮﭙﺷﺍ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﻞﻜﺷ ﺍﺭ ﻭﺍ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺴﻫ ﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ،ﺪﻫﺩ
ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻲﻣ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﺩﺮﻛ )".
،ﻱﺪﻤﺣﺍ ١٣٦٨
( ﻋ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻢﻏﺮﻴﻠ ﺍﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﺸﺑ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻭ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻱﺭﻮﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺩﻭﺭ
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻲﻠﻴﺧ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﺮﮔ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺮﻳﺩ ﺪﻳﺩ
. ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﺪﻳﺎﺷ
ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﺕﻭﺎﻀﻗ ﻩﺮﻳﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ،ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻣ
ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄ
ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ
١١٠
ﻲﻣ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . ﺩ ﻪﻫﺩ ﺭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻥﺮﻗ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻭ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺪﺷ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
" . ﻥﻮﺘﺳﺮﺗ "
ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺮﻃﺎﺨﺑ
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻜﺘﻣ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺏﻮﭼﺭﺎﭼ ﺭﺩ
ﻥﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻦﺗ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺎﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻭ
"
ﺮﮕﻧﺍﺮﭙﺷﺍ "
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺮﻃﺎﺨﺑ ﻡﺎﮔ ،ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺪ
. ﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺯ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﺎﻳ ﺩﺎﻘﺘﻋﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ،ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ
. ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺕﻭﺎﻀﻗ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺭﻮﻣﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻫ
ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﺶﻨﻛ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ .
ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻫﺎﮔ ﺍﺭ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﻨﻛ .
ﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻖ
ﻫ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻑﺪ
"
ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻬﺸﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ "
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
،ﻥﺁ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﺍ
ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻳﺰﺟ ﻑﺍﺪﻫ :
١ - ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻛﺍﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻉﻮﻧ ،ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ .
٢ - ﻭ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺍﺮﻗﺮﺑ
ﻭ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ .
ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﺏﻮﭼﺭﺎﭼ
ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﺴﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﻠﺴﻧ
، ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ
ﻦﺳ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺮﻤﻋ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ،
ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ .
ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ
ﻪﺑ ﺭﺍﺩﺍﻭ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ،ﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻨﻣﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻱﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺵﻼﺗ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻛ
ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ . ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ
ﻩﻮﻴﺷ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ -
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻳﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ .
ﻩﻮﻴﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺍﺭ ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺪﻳﺪﭘ .
ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺩﺮﻓ ﺮﻫ
ﻭ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﺍﺮﻓ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻪﻘﻳﺮﻃ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺍﺮﻓ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻲﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ .
،ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﻫ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ
ﺹﺎﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺷﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ
. ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺍ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻀﺘﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ -
ﺹﺎﺧ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ .
ﻩﻮﻴﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺮﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺍ
ﻪﻛ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺏﻮﭼﺭﺎﭼ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺶﻨﻛ ﻱﺮﺛﺆﻣ .
ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ،ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﻫ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺮﺧ ﻥﺍﺪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻲﻜﭼﻮﻛ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻩﺭﺎﭘ ﺎﻳ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
١
ﺪﻨﻳﻮﮔ . ﻩﺩﺮﺧ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻖﻠﻌﺗ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﭼﻮﻛ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺮﻃﺎﺨﺑ ،ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﺘﮔﺭﺰﺑ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻟﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ
ﻩﺩﺮﺧ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ،ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺍﺭ ﺵﺩﻮﺧ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺠﻨﻫ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺰﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﺮﺘﮔﺭﺰﺑ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺳﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
. ﻩﺩﺮﺧ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ
ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ .
ﻩﺩﺮﺧ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
"
ﻩﺩﺮﺧ ﺗﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲ
"
ﺩﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺍﺭ .
ﻩﺩﺮﺧ ﻲﻠﻛ ﺭﻮﻄﺑ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻝﺎﺠﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻩﻮﻴﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﺍﺭ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ -
ﺪﻨﻨﻳﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ .
ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻲﻠﻛ ﺭﻮﻄﺑ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺲﻜﭽﻴﻫ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﻫ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺩﺮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺮﻧﺎﻧﺁ ،ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻭ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
1 - Sub culture
ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
...
١١١
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﻲﺗﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﺪﻫﺩ
. ﻩﺩﺮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺯﺍ ،ﻲﺗﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﺍ
ﻲﺻﺎﺧ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻞﻜﺷ ١
.
ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ )
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻭ (
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺍﻮﻨﻤﻫ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺪﻨﻨﻳﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻬﻫﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ .
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺩﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻝﻮﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻮﺑ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ
. ﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﺴﺨﻧ ﺪ
ﻲﻣ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺯﺍ ،ﻦﺳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ )
ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ - ﻪﻧﺎﺳﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻭﺩ ،ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ (....
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﻭﺰﻓﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺘﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻜﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ،ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺎﻫ
ﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻥﺍﺪﻧﺯﺮﻓ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺮﻣﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﺩﺭ
ﻲﻣ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺍﺰﺠﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﺯﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺕﺎﺸﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﻮﻨﺗ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻞﻜﺷ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻖﻠﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺐﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻳﺁ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﺑ .
ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﺧ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ
ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻩﺩﺮﺧ ،ﺍﺮﮔ
ﺩﺮﻓ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﺎﺸﻓ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻲﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺍ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻣ ﻭﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻒﻳﺮﻇ ﻥﺎﻨﭼ ﺪﻨﻛ
ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻬﺘﻨﻣ ﻭﺍ ﻲﺗﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﺕﺎﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻳﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ .
ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ،ﺍﺮﮔ ﺩﺎﻤﻧ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﻩﺪﻧﺯﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻌﻓ ،ﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣ ،ﻩﺎﮔﺁ ﹰﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﮕﺸﻨﮐ ﺶﻨﮐ ﻲﻨﻫﺫ ﻱﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﺸﻨﮐ ،ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻨﻫﺫ ﻱﺎﻬﻴﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺶﻨﮐ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﺎﻬﺸﻨﮐ ﻦﻳﺩﺎﻤﻧ ﻭ ﺩﺮﮐ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
. ﺵﺯﺭﺍ
ﺮﮕﺸﻨﮐ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻲﺘﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻥﺎﺴﮑﻳ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺍ
ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻴﻣﺎﻧ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﺟ ﻱﺍ
ﺩﻮﺷ . ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﹰﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ،ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻬﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺏﺭﺎﺠﺗ ،ﺎﻬﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻩﺩﺮﺧ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺲﮑﻌﻨﻣ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺏﺎﺗﺯﺎﺑ ،ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻠﮕﻨﻳﺍ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ )
،ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻠﮕﻨﻳﺍ ١٣٧٣
( .
ﻪﻨﻴﺸﻴﭘ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ
ﺩ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮﻴﭘ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭ
،ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺩ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭ ١٣٥٤ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ،ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺍ
ﻱ
ﻱﺎﻬﺘﻳﻮﻟﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ
ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ .
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ
) ١ ( ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ :
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۱ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ -
ﻧ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻉﻮ
ﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴ
ﻧ ﻱﺮﻈ ٩
/ ٤٦
ﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟ ٩
/ ٤٣
ﺳ ﻲﺳﺎﻴ ٩
/ ٤١
ﺯ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺎﺒﻳ
٣ / ٣٧
ﺩ ﻲﻨﻳ ١
/ ٣٥
ﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗ ٥
/ ٣٤
ﻫ ﻲﻣﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺭﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺪﻳﺁ
ﺭ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﻮﻣﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺍ
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺩﻮﺨﺑ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﻧﺍ
) ،ﻱﺩﺎﺑﻭﺩﺭﺍ
١٣٥٤ .(
ﺩ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭ ١٣٦٥ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ،ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ
"
ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ
ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ "
ﻭ ﻲﺒﻫﺬﻣ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ
١١٢
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ .
ﻧ ﻝﻭﺍﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘ ﺎﻤﺷ
ﻩﺭ ) ٢ ( ﻭ ) ٣ ( ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ :
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٢ ﻲﺒﻫﺬﻣ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ -
ﻧ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻉﻮ
ﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ
ﺩ ﻲﻨﻳ ٢١
/ ٤٦ ٦٨
/ ٥
ﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟ ٨٦
/ ٤٥ ٧٢
/ ٥
ﻧ ﻱﺮﻈ ٦٨
/ ٣٩ ٤٤
/ ٥
ﺳ ﻲﺳﺎﻴ ٣٥
/ ٣٩ ٧٨
/ ٤
ﺯ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺎﺒﻳ
٩٧ / ٣٢ ٧٢
/ ٥
ﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗ ٦
/ ٣٠ ٦
/ ٤
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٣ ﮔ- ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻩﻭﺮ
ﻧ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻉﻮ
ﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ
ﺍ ﺟ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘ ٧٩
/ ٤١ ٧٨
/ ٥
ﻧ ﻱﺮﻈ ٥
/ ٤١ ٤
/ ٦
ﺳ ﻲﺳﺎﻴ ٧٨
/ ٣٩ ٢٢
/ ٧
ﺩ ﻲﻨﻳ ٣١
/ ٣٩ ٧
/ ٧
ﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗ ٨٩
/ ٣٣ ٤٦
/ ٧
ﺯ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺎﺒﻳ
١٣ / ٣٢ ٧٦
/ ٨
ﻧ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻣ
ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﺒﻫﺬﻣ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ،ﻲﺒﻫﺬ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ .
ﺰﻴﻧ
ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺎﺒﻳﺯ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻲ
. ﺩ ﺭ
ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ،ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺎﺒﻳﺯ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻨﻳﺩ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺎﺒﻳﺯ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻤﻛ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ .
ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ ،ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺯ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ،ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺎﺒﻳ ﻭ ﻲﺒﻫﺬﻣ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ )
،ﻱﺪﻤﺣﺍ ١٣٦٨
.(
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ١٣٧٥
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ
» ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﺎﻬﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺐﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱ
« ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺐﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺳ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ،ﻲﻨﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻭ ﻱﺮﻨﻫ ،ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻴ
ﻉﻮﻧ ،ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ،ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺲﻨﺟ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺎﻬﺘﻳﻮﻟﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﻐﺷ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺖﻧﻮﮑﺳ ﻞﺤﻣ ،ﻢﻠﭙﻳﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ )
،ﻻﺎﺑﺭﻮﻧ ١٣٧٥ .(
ﺭﺩ
ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
...
١١٣
ﻭ ﻲﻨﻳﺩ ،ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﺒﻳﺯ ﻱﺎﻬﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﺘﺧﺩ ﻝﺭﻮﺒﺳﺍ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺳ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺎﻬﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻲﺳﺎﻴ
ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻲﻨﻳﺩ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﺴﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻞﺋﺎﻗ )
،ﻪﻔﻴﻠﺧ ١٣٧٨ : ١٠٨ ( ﺩ . ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭ ١٩٧٠
ﻲﻃ ، ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ،ﻱﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
٣٧٧٨ ﻱﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ
ﺪﺷ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺍ .
ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ )
٤ ( ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ :
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۴ ﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ - ﻲﻳﺎﮑﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠ
ﻧ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻉﻮ
ﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ
ﺩ ﻲﻨﻳ ٠١
/ ٤١ ٣١
/ ٩
ﺳ ﻲﺳﺎﻴ ٣٩
/ ٤٠ ٤٤
/ ٦
ﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗ ٣٣
/ ٤٠ ٦١
/ ٧
ﻧ ﻱﺮﻈ ٥٦
/ ٣٩ ٢٧
/ ٧
ﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟ ٥١
/ ٣٩ ٠٣
/ ٧
ﺯ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺎﺒﻳ
٨٨ / ٣٨ ٤٢
/ ٨
ﻧ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎﺘ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ ،ﻲﺒﻫﺬﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺮﻳﺎ ﺎﻫ
) ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺎﺒﻳﺯ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ،ﻱﺮﻈﻧ (
ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﻛﺍﺮﭘ ،ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺎﺒﻳﺯ ﻭ ﻲﻨﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ )
١٩٧٠
، Allport .(
ﺩ
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻚﻳ ﺭ
ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺕﺎﺸﻳﺍﺮﮔ ،ﻲﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻱﺮﺼﻣ .
ﻱﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ
ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺼﻣ ﻥﺎﻳ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻦﺷﻭﺭ ﻲﻨﻳﺩ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺎﺒﻳﺯ
، ﻱﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﻚﻳ ﻪﻛ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ )
،ﻪﻔﻴﻠﺧ ١٣٧٨ : ٢٧٨ .(
ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺕﻻﺍﺆﺳ
١ - ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺗﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ
ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻡﺍﺪﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ؟ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼ
؟ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ
٢ - ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺕﺎﺸﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ
ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼ
؟ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ
٣ - ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺕﺎﺸﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺎﻳﺁ
ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻭ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ
؟ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ
ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
١ - ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺍ
.
٢ - ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
.
٣ - ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻭﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻭ ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺭﺍﺩ .
ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ
١١٤
٤ - ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻭﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻭ ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻦﻴﺑ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺭﺍﺩ .
ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ
ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ
ﺩ ﺖﻐﻟ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺭ Oxford. AD
ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﻨﻳﺍ ﺍﺭ١
ﻛ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻩﺩﺮ
ﺪﻧﺍ :
"
ﻩﻮﻴﺷ ،ﻖﺋﺎﺳ ،ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ ،ﻞﻴﻣ
ﺎﻳ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻚﻳ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺍ
ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺎﻳ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﻱﺰﻴﭼ
".
ﺩ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺭ
"
ﺹﺎﺧ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻉﻮﻗﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣﺁ ﻲﻧﺎﺳﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﻻﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﺭﺩ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻢﺴﻴﻧﺎﮔﺭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺒﺤﺻ ﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻈﻧﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ".
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ )
،ﻱﺭﺎﻜﻓﺍﺭﻮﭘ ١٣٧٠
: ٣٤٠ ( .
ﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧﺍﻭﺭ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺭ
"
ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﻲﻳﻭﺮﻴﻧ
ﻓﺪﻫ ﻱﻮﺴﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻡﺰﻴﻧﺎﮔﺭﺍ ﻲ
ﻲﻣ ﺖﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﻲﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺎﻳ ﺪﻨﻛ
"
ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺪﻧﺍ
) ﻡﺯﺭ
،ﺍﺭﺁ ١٣٧٠ : ٣٤٢ ( .
ﺍ ﺵﺯﺭ .
٢ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺍ ﺎﻳ ﻞﻤﻋ ،ﻪﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﻞﻜﺷ
ﺕﺎﻴﺣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ .
ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﻭ ﻝﻮﺻﺍ ،ﺵﺯﺭﺍ
ﻱﺎﻀﺘﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺖﻳﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺖﻨﺳ ﻭ ﻑﺮﻋ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ .
ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﻪﺑ
"
ﻦﺋﻮﻛ "
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺸﻳﺭ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻚﻳ ﻱﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﺎﻀﻋﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺍ ﹰﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ،ﺪﻨﻤﻴﻬﺳ ﻱ
ﻲﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
).
،ﻦﺋﻮﻛ ١٣٧٠
، ٣٩ .(
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
1 - Tendency 2 - Value
ﻊﺿﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻱﺎﻬﻧﺎﻣﺭﺁ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻲﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ
.
ﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﻥﺁ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺭ :
ﻚﻳ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ،ﺵﺯﺭﺍ
ﻲﺌﻴﺷ ) ﺺﺨﺷ ﺎﻳ ﻪﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ،ﺰﻴﭼ (
ﺎﻳ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻚﻳ ﻱﺎﺿﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻨﻤﺗ ).
ﻲﻧﺎﺧﻭﺭﺎﺳ ،
١٣٧٠ ، ٤٤٥ .(
ﮔ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺮ :٣
ﻧ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﻲﺘﻟﺎﺣ ﺎﻳ ﻭﺮﻴ
ﻡﺰﻴﻧﺎﮔﺭﺍ ) ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺩﺮﻓ (
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺎﻳ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻚﻳ ﻱﻮﺴﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺖﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﺪﻨﻛ
.
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ
ﮔ ﻩﻭﺮ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ -
ﻲﺳﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ
ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻘﻠﺗ ﺩﺮﻓ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻑﺩﺍﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﻣ ﻲ
ﺩﻮﺷ .
ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ
ﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻜﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ،ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭ
ﺍﺪﻫﺍ ،ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻑ
ﻪﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺵﻭﺭ ،ﺎﻫ
ﺶﻳﺎﻤﻴﭘ ﺖﺳﺍ ٤
. ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻱﺭﻭﺁ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﺒﺘﻛ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩ ،ﻦﺳ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺭ
ﺲﻨﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺍﺆﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،
ﻘﺤﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻴ
ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ،ﻢﻴﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻖ
ﻥﺩﺮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﻗﺩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﺯﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ
"
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ،ﺕﺭﻮﭙﻟﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﺯﺪﻨﻴﻟ ،ﻥﻮﻧﺭﻭ "
ﻢﻳﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ .
3 - Value Tendency 4 - survey
ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
...
١١٥
ﺞﻳﺍﺭ ﺯﺍ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ،ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻪﻣﺎ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺖﺳﺎﻫ
. ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ
"
ﺮﮕﻧﺍﺮﭙﺷﺍ "
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ .
ﻭ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻱﻭ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﭗﻴﺗ ﺶﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ،ﺪﻨﻛ
ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﭗﻴﺗ ﺶﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ :
١ - ﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺎﻳ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﭗﻴﺗ ﺸ
ﺪﻨﻤ
٢ - ﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﭗﻴﺗ ﺮﮔﺍﺩﻮﺳ ﺎﻳ ﻱﺩﺎ
٣ - ﺍﺮﮔﺎﺒﻳﺯ ﺎﻳ ﺪﻨﺴﭘﺎﺒﻳﺯ ﭗﻴﺗ
٤ - ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﺎﻳ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﭗﻴﺗ ﺍﺮﮔ
٥ - ﻲﺒﻫﺬﻣ ﭗﻴﺗ
٦ - ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ ﭗﻴﺗ
ﺷ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﭗﻴﺗ ﺶ
"
ﺮﮕﻧﺍﺮﭙﺷﺍ "
ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻱﺯﺪﻨﻴﻟ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻧﺭﻭ ،ﺕﺭﻮﭙﻟﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ .
ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﺶﺷ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻛ
:
١ - ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺎﻳ ﻱﺮﻈﻧ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺖﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻭ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ .
٢ - ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ .
٣ - ﻲﺒﻫﺬﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻨﻳﺩ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ .
٤ - ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻪ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ .
٥ - ﺳ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺳﺎﻴ .
٦ - ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺎﺒﻳﺯ ﺵﺯﺭﺍ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ )
،ﻪﻔﻴﻠﺧ ١٣٧٨ : ٨٧ .(
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﺩ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
"
ﺕﺎﺸﻳﺍﺮﮔ
ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ "
ﻲﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻭ ،ﺕﺭﻮﭙﻟﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﺯﺪﻨﻴﻟ ﻭ ﻥﻮﻧﺭ
ﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺳ
ﺖ .
ﺍ ،ﻲﻨﻳﺩ ،ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ،ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﺶﺷ ،ﺕﻻﺍﺆﺳ ﻦﻳ
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺎﺒﻳﺯ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ،ﻲﺳﺎﻴﺳ ،ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻲﻣ ،ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺮﮕﻧﺍﺮﭙﺷﺍ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺕﻻﺍﺆﺳ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ .
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﺩ ﺭ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ،ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ،ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻜﺑ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﺳ ،ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﹰﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ،ﺪﻧﺮﺑ
ﺯﺍ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻭﺩ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﺎﻳ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻟﺰﻨﻣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻲﻜﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﹰﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ،ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ
ﺩ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺍ
ﺩﺭ . ﺮﺛﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻧ ﺮﻘﻓ
ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ ﺀﻮﺳ ،ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻤﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻲﮔﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻲﺘﺣ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺮﻴﻏ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺪﻧﺯﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ .
ﺕﺪﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﮔﺍ ﺮﻘﻓ
ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﻻﻮﻃ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻡﻭﺍﺪﺗ ﻱﺍ
ﺵﺯﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﺬﮕﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺮﺑ ﻢﻛﺎﺣ ﻱﺎﻫ .
ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ
١١٦
ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺪﺑ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻒﻴﻌﺿ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ،ﺩﺮﻴﮔ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ .
ﺳ ﺩﺍﻮ . ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺪﭘ ﺩﺍﻮﺳ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺺﺧﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺑ ﻭ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ (Mehryar, Tashakkori,
1984) .
ﺷ ﻞﻐ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ . ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻜﻳﺩﺰﻧ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺖﻟﺰﻨﻣ ﻭ .
ﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﺩﺍﻮﺳ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ،ﻞﻐﺷ ،ﻲﮕﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻝﺎﺣﺮﻬ
ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﺍﺭ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ .
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﻏﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻞﻏﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ .
ﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ٩٧
ﻮﺧﺮﻈﻧﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻞﻐﺷ ﺍ
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻟﺰﻨﻣ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻞﻐﺷ ﺮﻫ .
ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻟﺰﻨﻣ ٩
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ )
،ﺱﺪﻘﻣ
١٣٧٤ ، ٦٧ ( ﻭ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻇﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ١
ﺎﺗ ٩ ﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺪﭘ ﻞﻐﺷ ﻪﺑ
ﺩﺍﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩ .
ﻞﻏﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻭ
ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ
ﻞﻐﺷ ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻞﻏﺎﺸﻣ ﻥﺁ ،ﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﺮﻈﻧﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻖﻴﺒﻄﺗ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻏﺎﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ .
،ﻪﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺸﺨﺑ ﺖﻴﻨﻴﻋ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻖﻘﺤﻣ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻮﺑ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﻏﺎﺸﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ
ﺩﺮﻓ ،ﺪﺷ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻱﺮﮕﻳﺩ
ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻩﺮﻤﻧ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻴﺑﺎﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ .
ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﻮﺳﺮﻴﭘ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ٨٦
/ ٠ ﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ .
ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﺟ ﺮﺘﺧﺩ ﻭ ﺮﺴﭘ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻌﻣﺎ
ﻲﻣ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﮐ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ
.
ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻧﻮﻤ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
٥٨٢ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺮﺘﺧﺩ ﻭ ﺮﺴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻢﻋﺍ ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
ﺑ ﻝﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮ
ﺳﺍ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺘ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔ )
،ﻲﻳﺍﺮﺳ ١٣٧٢ .(
( )
(
1 P)
P . t d . N
P 1 P . t .
n N2 2
2
− +
= −
١٩٠٥٢
= ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍN
٩٦ / ١
= ﻥﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃﺍ ﺐﻳﺮﺿt ٩٥
/ ٠
٠٤ / ٠
= ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺖﻗﺩd
ﻝﻮﻬﺠﻣ
= ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍn
٥ / ٠
= ﺖﻔﺻ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍP
( )
25 / 0 96 / 1 0016 / 0 19052
5 / 0 1 5 / 0 96 / 1 19052
2 2
× +
×
−
×
= × n
582 9 / 4436 581
/ 31
5408 /
18297 = ≠
=
ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
...
١١٧
ﺟ ﻝﻭﺪ ٥ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻞﻛ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ -
ﺩ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍ ﺗ
ﻞﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌ ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺯ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻞﻛ
ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﺴﭘ ﺖﺒﺴ
ﻧ ﺖﺒﺴ
ﻥﺍﺮﺘﺧﺩ
ﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻡﻮﻠ
٥٥٧٩ ١٤٢٧ ٤١٥٢ ٢
/ ٢٩ ٦
/ ٢٥ ٤ / ٧٤
ﻓ ﻲﻨ - ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ٦١٧٢
٤١٦٧ ٢٠٠٥ ٤
/ ٣٢ ٥
/ ٦٧ ٥ / ٣٢
ﺣ ﻕﻮﻘ ٧٨٥
٦٩٣ ٩٢ ٣
/ ٤ ٣
/ ٨٨ ٧ / ١١
ﻣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪ ٨٧٤
٨٧٤ - ٦
/ ٤ ١٠٠
-
ﻛ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭙﻣﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸ
١٣٥٧ ١١٦٧ ١٩٠ ٢
/ ٧ ٨٦
١٤
ﺣ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﺑﺎﺴ ١٨٤٤
١٤٤٧ ٣٩٧ ٦
/ ٩ ٥
/ ٨٧ ٥ / ١١
ﭘ ﭙﻧﺍﺮﻴ ﻲﻜﺷﺰ ١٠٦٠
١٧٦ ٨٨٤ ٥
/ ٥ ٦
/ ١٦ ٤ / ٨٣
ﻣ ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻌ - ﺮﻨﻫ ١٣٨١
٧١٨ ٦٦٣ ٢
/ ٧ ٥٢
٤٨
ﺟ ﻊﻤ ١٩٠٥٢
١٠٦٦٩ ٨٣٨٣ ١٠٠
-
-
ﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻝﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﻈﻧﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
٥٨٢ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻔﻧ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻫﺩ
. ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻞﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ
ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ١٩٠٥٢
ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻔﻧ ٨
ﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻩ
ﺪﻨﻨﻛ .
ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ
ﻭ ﺎﻳ ﺩﺮﻓ ،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺪﺣﺍ ﻱﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ
ﻪﺘﺷﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺎﻫﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﻭﺭ .
ﻮﻤﻧ ﺵﻭﺭ
ﻪﻧ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻩﻮﻴ
ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻖﺒﻄﻣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻱﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ
ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻭ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﻫ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻞﻛ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺮ
ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ ،ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻞﻛ ﺩ
ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍ
ﻭ ﺮﺴﭘ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﹰﺍﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻫ ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﺧﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻣﺁ ،ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ .
ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ
١١٨
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٦ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ - ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻭ
ﺩ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍ ﺗ
ﻞﻛ ﺩﺍﺪﻌ ﻞﻛ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﭘ ﺮﺴ ﻧ ﺖﺒﺴ ﺮﺘﺧﺩ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ )
ﻞﻛ (
٥٥٧٩ ٧٤/١ ١٢٦ ٢٥/٩ ٤٤ ٢٩/٢ ١٧٠ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ
٥٨٢ ١٩٠٥٢ ×
٦١٧٢ ٣٢/٥ ٦١ ٦٧/٥ ١٢٧ ٣٢/٤ ١٨٨ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ - ﻲﻨﻓ
٥٨٢ ١٩٠٥٢ ×
٧٨٥ ١٢ ٣ ٨٨ ٢٢ ٤/٣ ٢٥ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ
٥٨٢ ١٩٠٥٢ ×
٨٧٤ - - ١٠٠ ٢٧ ٤/٦ ٢٧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ
٥٨٢ ١٩٠٥٢ ×
١٣٥٧ ١٤/٣ ٦ ٨٥/٧ ٣٦ ٧/٢ ٤٢ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭙﻣﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ
٥٨٢ ١٩٠٥٢ ×
١٨٤٤ ٢١/٦ ١٢ ٧٨/٤ ٤٤ ٩/٦ ٥٦ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﺑﺎﺴﺣ
٥٨٢ ١٩٠٥٢ ×
١٠٦٠ ٨٤/٤ ٢٧ ١٥/٦ ٥ ٥/٥ ٣٢ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭙﻧﺍﺮﻴﺑ
٥٨٢ ١٩٠٥٢ ×
١٣٨١ ٤٧/٦ ٢٠ ٥٢/٤ ٢٢ ٧/٢ ٤٢ ﺮﻨﻫ - ﻱﺭﺎﻤﻌﻣ
٥٨٢ ١٩٠٥٢ ×
ﺟ ﻊﻤ ٥٨٢
١٠٠ ٣٢٧ ٢ / ٥٦ ٢٥٥ ٨ / ٤٣ -
ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻥﺎﻳﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﻲﺴﻨﺟ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ
ﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﻛ ﺯ ٣٢٧
ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﺴﭘ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻔﻧ ٢٥٦
ﺍﺭ ﺮﻔﻧ
،ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻥﺍﺮﺘﺧﺩ ٩
/ ٥٥ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﺴﭘ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻭ ﺮ
٨ / ٤٣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﺮﺘﺧﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﺖﺳﺎﻛ ﻱﺯﺭﻭ ﻪﻨﻴﮐ ﻭ ﺕﺩﺎﺴﺣ .
ﺯﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﻧ ،ﺖﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﺭﺩ
ﻖﻳﺎﻘﺣ ،ﺕﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻱﺮﻈﻨﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻦﺷﻭﺭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻥﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗﺍﺮﻓ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﺑ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺐﺼﻋ ﻭ ﻲﻜﻳﮊﻮﻳﻭﺰﻴﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺣﺍ ﻩﺪﻧﺭﻭﺁ ﻭ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺭ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﺴ
ﺪﻫﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺕﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣﺍ .
ﺶﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
...
١١٩
ﺟ ﻝﻭﺪ ٧ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ -
ﺟ ﺲﻨ ﻓ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﺩ ﻲﻌﻤﺠﺗ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺪﺻﺭ
ﭘ ﺮﺴ ٣٢٧
٩
/ ٥٥ ٩
/ ٥٥
ﺩ ﺮﺘﺧ ٢٥٦ ٨
/ ٤٣ ١٠٠
ﻛ ﻞ ٥٨٥
١٠٠
١٠٠
ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ
ﺩ ﺤﺗ ﺭ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻖﻴﻘ
ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺩﺍﻮﺳ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻭ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻟﺰﻨﻣ ،ﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺑ ٥ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺪﻧﺍ
. ﺮﻳﺯ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮕﻣﺎﻧ ﺪﻧﺍ
: ﻪﺑ ﻭﺭ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ،ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ،ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ،ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ
ﺳ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻭ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻭﺭ ﻂ .
ﺩ ﻴﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺮﺘﺸ
ﺎﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ٤
/ ٣٠ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻭ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﺎﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ٤ / ٩ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﺟ ﻝﻭﺪ ٨ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﻲﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ -
ﺩ ﻲﻌﻤﺠﺗ ﺪﺻﺭ
ﺩ ﺪﺻﺭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻃ
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﻪﻘﺒ
ﺭ ﻒﻳﺩ
١٩ ١٩
١١١ ﻃ
ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﻘﺒ ١
٤ / ٤٤ ٥ / ٢٥ ١٤٩ ﻃ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ ﻭﺭ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﻘﺒ
٢
٩ / ٧٤ ٤ / ٣٠ ١٧٨ ﻃ
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﻘﺒ
٣
٦ / ٩٠ ٧ / ١٥ ٩٢ ﻃ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻭﺭ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﻘﺒ
٤
١٠٠ ٤
/ ٩ ٥٥ ﻃ
ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻘﺒ ٥
- ١٠٠
٥٨٥ -
ﻛ
ﻞ
ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﺳ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ
ﺑ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ،ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮ ٧
/ ٢٢ ﻦﺳ ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻝﺎﺳ ١٨
ﻭ ﻝﺎﺳ
ﻥﺎﻳﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ٤٧
ﻲﻣ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﺟ ﻝﻭﺪ ٩ ﻩﺭﺎﻣﺁ - ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺗ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﺕﺍﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﻌ
٥٥٦ ﭼ
ﻲﮕﻟﻭﺎ ٩٠
/ ٢
ﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴ ٧٢
/ ٢٢ ﺧ ﻲﮕﻟﻭﺎﭼ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻱﺎﻄ
١٠٤ / ٠
ﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﺤﻧ
٦٥ / ٣ ﺣ
ﻞﻗﺍﺪ ١٨
ﻭ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍ ٣٧
/ ١٣ ﺣ
ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪ ٤٧
