ﻠﺠﻣ هﮋﻳو ﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣ يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻪ
هرود 2 هرﺎﻤﺷ ، 3 ، ﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ 1388
تﺎﺤﻔﺻ : 117 ﺎﺗ 120
لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ :
لﺎﻴﻧاد اﺮﻫز . ﺖﺳاﻮﺧرد مﺎﻤﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
[email protected] ﺪﻧﻮﺷ هدﺎﺘﺳﺮﻓ
.
ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد :
14 / 2 / 88 ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ شﺮﻳﺬﭘ :
1 / 11 / 88
ﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻴﻴ
ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻦ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ
ﻭ ﯼﺎﻫ ﻳ ﻩﮋ
ﻝﺎﻴﻧﺍﺩ ﺍﺮﻫﺯ MSc*
ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺞﻴﺴﺑ* ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،
ﻩﺪﻴﮑﭼ
ﺍ ﺪﻫ ﺪﻫ ﺍ ﻑ ﻑ : ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ
ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ .
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ::
ﻱﻭﺭ ۸۰ ﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﻧ ﺶﺨﺑ
ﻝﻮﺳﺭ ﺕﺮﻀﺣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ )
ﺹ ( ﺮﮔﺯﻭﺮﻴﻓ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ
ﺪﺷ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ . ﻲﻧﺩﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺎﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ )
ﻝﻮﺳﺭ ﺕﺮﻀﺣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ (
ﺩﻮـﺑ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺍﺮـﺟﺍ ﺎـﻬﻧﺁ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮـﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪـﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻭ
ﻩﺍﻮـﮔ
) ﺮﮔﺯﻭﺮﻴﻓ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ (
ﭻﻴﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﻳﺪﻧ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ
ﺪﺷ ﺪﻧ . ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺮـﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻭ
ـﻣﺁ ﻲﺠﻨـﺳﺯﺎﻴﻧ ـ
ﻲﺷﺯﻮ
ﻪﺑ ﺲﭘ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ
.
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ : ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮـﺑ
. ـﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻦﻴـﺑ ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ ـ
ـﻣﺁ ﻱﺎ ـ ﻭ ﻲﺷﺯﻮ
ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
ﺖﺷ .
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ::
ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ
ﻭ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻥﻭﺪﻣ ﻭ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻲﺠﻨﺳﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﺗ
ﺩﻮﺷ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ .
ﺭﺩ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺩﻮﺷ
، ﻲﻣ ﻲﻌﺳ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﻪ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺩﺎﻳ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻲـﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻦﻳﻮـﻧ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﭼ ﺮﻫ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﺵﻼﺗ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
.
ﻩﮊﺍﻭﺪﻴﻠﮐ ﺎﻫ : ﺶﺨﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ،ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ،ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﯼﺎﻫ
Effect of total quality management
in determining the educational needs of critical wards nurses
Danial Z.* MSc
٭ Medical Society Basij, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Aims: This research aimed to evaluate the effect of total quality management (TQM) in determining the educational needs of criticalwards nurses.
Methods: This study performed on 80 randomly selected criticalwards nurses of Hazrat-e-Rasool and Firoozgar hospital in Tehran. Participants devided into two groups; A test group that TQM had been administrated to them (Hazrat-e-Rasool hospital) and a control group that had never been taught about TQM (Firoozgar hospital). Total quality management and educational need-assessment questionnaires filled in both groups as a posttest.
Results: Determination of educational needs of criticalwards nurses that TQM has applied in their hospital was significantly higher than those without TQM. There is a significant distinction between educational needs of nurses who have been concerned with TQM. There was a meaningful difference between TQM parameters in providing health care.
Conclusion: Hospitals with a TQM system have taken training into consideration by focusing on training and promoting staff awareness.
Keywords: Criticalwards Nurses, Total quality management, Training needs
[ Downloaded from jccnursing.com on 2023-08-13 ]
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ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣ يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ هﮋﻳو
هرود 2 هرﺎﻤﺷ ، 1 ، رﺎﻬﺑ 1388
118
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﻲﻃ ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﻪﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﺎﻴﻧﺩ ،ﺮﻴﺧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ
ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱ
ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ
"
ﺮـﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ "
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮـﺑ .
ﺯﺍ ،ﺯﺎـﻏﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﭼﺮﮔ
ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ
ﺖـﺷﺬﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺲـﭘ ﻲﻟﻭ ،ﺪ
ﻪـﺻﺮﻋ ﺮﻳﺎـﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺭﻭﺎﺘﺳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﻫﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺎـﻫ
ﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
. ﺶـﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ
ﻭ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﺎـﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ ﻞـﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻲـﻤﻬﻣ ﺪﻨﺘـﺴﻫ ﻪـﮐ ﺭﺩ ﺖـﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ
ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻭ ﺰﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺍ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ
ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺁ .
ﻪﺑ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻩﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮑﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ
ﻩﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺯﺎﺴﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ
ﺪـﺷﺭ ﺯﺎـﺳ
ﺩﻮﺷ ﻥﺎﻨﮐﺭﺎﮐ
؛ ﻱﺎﻫﺪـﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻪـﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﮔﺍ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ
ﺩﺮــﻴﮔ ﺭﺍﺮــﻗ ﻪــﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮــﻣ ﻲﻧﺎــﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮــﻴﻧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪــﻣ ]]
١١ [[
. ﺱﺎــﺳﺍ ﺮــﺑ
ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ،ﻱﺭﺎﮐ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎـﻨﮐﺭﺎﮐ ﺪـﻳﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ
ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻲﻟﺎﻋ ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻩﺩﻮـﺑ
ﺺـﺼﺨﺗ ﻭ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻩﮋـﻳﻭ ﻭ
ﻪﺘﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ .
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻴﻧ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻴﻧ ﯽﻨﺜﺘﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺰ .
ﻝﺎـﺣ
ﺳ ﺌ ﻞﻴـﺼﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺍﺮﭼ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﻝﺍﻮ ﻪـﺑ ﺯﺎـﻴﻧ ﻩﺩﺮـﮐ
ﻱﮊﻮـﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗ ،ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻥﻮﻨﻓ ؟ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺎـﻫ
ﻭ ﺎـﻫﻭﺭﺍﺩ ،
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻝﻮﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺭﺍﻮﻤﻫ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻭ
ﻪﻟﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ
ﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﺕﺭﺎﻬ
ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺍﺭ ﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴ ﭘ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﺶﻴ ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ
؛ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺍﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻪﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼ
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ
ﺖـﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﺱﺎـﺳﺍ ﺮـﺑ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ﻭ ﺎـﻫ
ﺖﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ،
ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ
. ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺑﺍ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺑﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﮐﺭﺎﮐ ﻱﺪـﻴﻠﻛ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻭ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺪـﻴﻠﻛ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻭ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻭﺭ
ﺍﻮﺗ ﺍﻮﺗ ﻧ ﺮﺑ ﺪ ﺮﺑ ﺪ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ
ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ . . ﻦﻴـﻤﻫ ﻪـﺑ
ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ
، ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺎـﻨﮐﺭﺎﮐ ﻥﻭﺪﻣ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲﺠﻨﺳﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻞﻳﺎـﺴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﮑﻳ ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ
ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻲـﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻡﺯﻻ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻨﮐﺭﺎﮐ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ
، ﺰﺠﺗ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﻳ
ﻭ ﻞـﻴﻠﺤﺗ
ﻖﻴﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﯼﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ
ﺪﺳﺭ ]]
٢٢ [[.
ﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺮـﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺮـﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ
،،
ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻱﺯﺎﺴﻬﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻱﺯﺎﺴﻬﺑ
ﻭﻭ ﺩﺎـﺠﻳﺍ ﻖـﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺎـﻤﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺖـﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺩﺎـﺠﻳﺍ ﻖـﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺎـﻤﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺖـﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ ]]
٣٣ [[
. ﻪـﺑ ﺮـﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﺮـﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ
ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ
ﻲﻤﻧ ﺏﺎﺴﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺏﺎﺴﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ
ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺮﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺁ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﺮﻓ ﺮﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺁ ﻥﺁ ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺪﻴـﺳﺭ
ﻥﺁ ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺪﻴـﺳﺭ
ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ ﺵﻼﺗ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ ﺵﻼﺗ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺘﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
ﺘﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﯽ
ﯽ ﺪـﻨﻛ ﻩﺎﮕﻧ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻡﻭﺍﺪﻣ ﺪـﻨﻛ ﻩﺎﮕﻧ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻡﻭﺍﺪﻣ ]]
٤٤ [[
. ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ
ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻞﻳﺎﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻞﻳﺎﺴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻱﮊﻮـﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻭ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻊﻳﺮﺳ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﻱﮊﻮـﻟﻮﻨﻜﺗ ﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻭ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻊﻳﺮﺳ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﻭ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ ،ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ ،ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﺪـﻳﺪﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪـﻳﺪﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺐﺴﻛ ﺍﺭ ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺐﺴﻛ ﺍﺭ . .
ﻪـﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﮔﺎـﻓ
ﻦﻴﮔﺎـﻓ (Fagin) ـﺑ ـﺑ ﺮﺮ ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺩﻮـﺒﻬﺑ ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺩﻮـﺒﻬﺑ
ﺖﺴﻴﺑ ﻥﺮﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺖﺴﻴﺑ ﻥﺮﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻭﻭ
ﺕﺭﺎـﻬﻣ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻭ ﺪﻴﮐﺎﺗ ﻢﻜﻳ ﺕﺭﺎـﻬﻣ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻭ ﺪﻴﮐﺎﺗ ﻢﻜﻳ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ
، ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﻭ ﺵﺯﻮـﻣﺁ ﻦﻴـﺑ ﻲﺘﻛﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﻭ ﺵﺯﻮـﻣﺁ ﻦﻴـﺑ ﻲﺘﻛﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻴﻧﺍﻮﻗ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻲﺘﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ]]
٥٥ [[.
ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﮓﻨﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﮓﻨﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ
ﻳﺎـﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﻦﻴـﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻴﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﻳﺎـﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﻦﻴـﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻴﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲ
ﺯﺍ ﻲ ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ ﮓـﻨﻴﻣﺩ ﮓـﻨﻴﻣﺩ (Deming)
ﻭ ﻭ
ﻥﺍﺭﻮﺟ ﻥﺍﺭﻮﺟ (Joran) ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ
ﻲﻨﭘﺍﮊ ﻲﻟﻭ ﻮـﺤﻧ ﻦﻳﺮـﺘﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﺪــﻨﻨﮐ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ . .
ﻲــﺑﺯﺍﺮﻛ ﻲــﺑﺯﺍﺮﻛ (Crosby)
ﻭ ﻭ ﻥﺎــﻛ ﻥﺎــﻛ (Conway)ﻱﻭ
ﺯﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻜﻳﺮﻣﺁ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺪـﻣ
ﻱﺭﺍﺪـﻣ
ﺶﻘﻧ ﺏﺮﻏ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺏﺮﻏ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﻓﺁ
ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﻓﺁ ]]
٦٦ [[.
ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻖﺒﻃ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻖﺒﻃ ﺭﻮـﻠﻴﺗ
ﺭﻮـﻠﻴﺗ (Taylor) ﻭ
ﻭ ﻞـﻴﻫ ﻞـﻴﻫ
(Hill) ، ﻭ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﺘـﺸﻣ ﺮـﺑ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺘﻣ ﻱﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻭ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﺘـﺸﻣ ﺮـﺑ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺘﻣ ﻱﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ
ﻲﻤﻳﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻲﻤﻳﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ
ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻙﺭﺩ ﻭ
ﺪﺒﻠﻃ ﺪﺒﻠﻃ ]]
٧٧ .[
.[
ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﻲـﺒﻴﺒﻃ ﻲـﺒﻴﺒﻃ
،،
ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ
ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪـﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻭ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪـﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺪـﻣﺁﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻥﺩﺮـﻛ ﻙﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪـﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪـﻣﺁﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻥﺩﺮـﻛ ﻙﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪـﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻦﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻦﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺶﻴـﭘ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻳﺎﺿ ﻥﺩﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ،ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺶﻴـﭘ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻳﺎﺿ ﻥﺩﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ،ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ
ﻖـﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻲـﻨﻴﺑ ﻖـﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻲـﻨﻴﺑ
ﻲﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺸﺨﺑ ﻲﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺸﺨﺑ
ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﺸﻴﭘ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﺸﻴﭘ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ]]
٨٨ .[
.[
ﺮـﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪـﻣ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺮـﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪـﻣ ﺵﺮﮕﻧ ﺭﺩ
،،
ﻪـﺑ ﻲﻠـﺻﺍ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻲﻠـﺻﺍ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ
؛؛
ﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺘﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺘﻴﻔﻴﻛ ]]
٩٩ [[..
ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
ﺍﺮﮔ ﺍﺮﮔ
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺎﺑ
ﻪﻛ ﺍﺮﮔ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺮﮔ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ . . ﻪﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺎﮔﺪـﻳﺩ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻢﻛﺎﺣ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻝﻮﺻﺍ ﻲﻠﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻩﺎﮔﺪـﻳﺩ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻢﻛﺎﺣ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻝﻮﺻﺍ ﻲﻠﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ
؛؛
١١ - ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ
ﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻳ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﺖ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﺖ
؛؛
٢٢ - ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ
؛؛
٣٣ - ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ
ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﺕﺎﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭ
؛؛
٤٤ - ﻱﺭﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺖﻛﺭﺎـﺸﻣ ﻱﺭﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺖﻛﺭﺎـﺸﻣ
؛؛
٥٥ - ﺵﺯﻮـﻣﺁ ﺵﺯﻮـﻣﺁ ﻭﻭ ٦٦ - ﺮﻤﺘـﺴﻣ ﺩﻮـﺒﻬﺑ ﺮﻤﺘـﺴﻣ ﺩﻮـﺒﻬﺑ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ . . ﻪﺑ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻱﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟﻭﺩ
ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟﻭﺩ ﺎﺑﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﻳ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ ﺎﻳ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻑﺪﻫ
،،
ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻱﺯﺎﺴﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﺍ ﻱﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻱﺯﺎﺴﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪـﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺪـﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎـﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺮﻜﻓ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎـﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺮﻜﻓ ﻡﺎﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ
،،
ﻩﺪـﻤﻋ ﻢﻬـﺳ ﻩﺪـﻤﻋ ﻢﻬـﺳ
ﺶﻳﺍﺰـﻓﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺰـﻓﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ ﻩﺮـﻬﺑ
ﻩﺮـﻬﺑ ﻱﺭﻭ ﻱﺭﻭ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ .
ﻪـﺑ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻪـﺑ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ
ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺘﻤـﺴﻗ ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺘﻤـﺴﻗ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪـﻣ
ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪـﻣ
ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺭﺎﻨﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺭﺎﻨﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﯼ
ﯼ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲـﻣ ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﻲـﻣ ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ
ﻱﺎﺘـﺳﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺪـﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﺘـﺳﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺪـﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺩﻮـﺷ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺩﻮـﺷ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ..
ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪـﻣ ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪـﻣ ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ
ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ،ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﻪﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ،ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻘﻠﺗ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻘﻠﺗ ﻱﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﺪﻨﻛ
ﺪﻨﻛ . . ﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ
ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ،ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ،ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ
ﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻪﺑ ،ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻱﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﺰﻴﻣﺁ ﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻪﺑ ،ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﻱﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﺰﻴﻣﺁ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻱﻮﻗ ﺵ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻱﻮﻗ ﺵ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ]]
٨٨ [[.
ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ
،،
ﺮـﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮـﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮـﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮـﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ،ﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ ﻲﻣ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ،ﺯﻭﺮﻣﺍ
ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺀﺰﺟ ﻭ ﺩﻮـﺷ ﺡﺮـﻄﻣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪـﻣ ﻱﺪـﻴﻠﻛ ﻭ ﺩﻮـﺷ ﺡﺮـﻄﻣ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪـﻣ ﻱﺪـﻴﻠﻛ
ﺵﺯﻮـﻣﺁ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺖﺳﺭﺩ ،ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺵﺯﻮـﻣﺁ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺖﺳﺭﺩ ،ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺎـﻫ
ﺍﺭ ﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺩﻮـﺷ ﺩﻮـﺷ ]]
١٠ ١٠ [[.
ﻊـﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻊـﻗﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ
،،
ﻲـﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲﺠﻨـﺳﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻡﺎـﺠﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻑﺪـﻫ ﻲـﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻲﺠﻨـﺳﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻡﺎـﺠﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻑﺪـﻫ
ﺪـﻳﺎﺑ ﻪـﭽﻧﺁ ﻭ ﺖـﺴﻫ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﺪـﻳﺎﺑ ﻪـﭽﻧﺁ ﻭ ﺖـﺴﻫ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ
ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ، ، ؛ﺖـﺳﺍ ؛ﺖـﺳﺍ
ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺲﭙﺳ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺩﻮﺷ ]]
١١ ١١ [[
. ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺨﺒﺷﻮﺧ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﻪﻧﺎﺘﺨﺒﺷﻮﺧ
ﻭ ﺶـﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﺘـﺷﺍﺩ ﻪـﮕﻧ ﻩﺯﺎـﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻲﻨﺜﺘﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺶـﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﺘـﺷﺍﺩ ﻪـﮕﻧ ﻩﺯﺎـﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻲﻨﺜﺘﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻋﺎﻗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ..
ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻦـﻳﺍ
ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﺎـﻫ
ﺎـﻫ ﺖـﻬﺟ ﺖـﻬﺟ
ﻱﺎـﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﻱﺎـﻘﺗﺭﺍ
ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﮋﺗﺍﺮﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺩﻮﺧ
ﺩﻮﺧ
ﺯﺎﻴﻧ
ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ
ﺎﺗﺎﺗ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻻﺎـﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘـﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﻻﺎـﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘـﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ
ﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻥﺁ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺎﺘﺳﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺮﺒﺑ ﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻥﺁ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺎﺘﺳﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺮﺒﺑ ﺍﺭ
ﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺪـﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻲﻳﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﺑﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪـﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻲﻳﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﺑﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ
ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺭﺍﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺭﺍﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻨﮐ
ﻨﮐ ﺪﻨ ﺪﻨ ]]
١٢ ١٢ .[
.[
ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ
ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ،ﺖﻟﺍﺪـﻋ ﻝﻮـﺻﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺮـﻗﺮﺑ ﻩﺎـﮕﻧ ﺎـﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ،ﺖﻟﺍﺪـﻋ ﻝﻮـﺻﺍ ﻱﺭﺍﺮـﻗﺮﺑ ﻩﺎـﮕﻧ ﺎـﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ،ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ،ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ ،ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻖـﻓﺍ ،ﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻳﺁﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ
ﻖـﻓﺍ ،ﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻳﺁﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﺖﻳﺎﺿﺭ
ﻱﺎـﻫ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻳﺪﺟ ﻳﺪﺟ ﺪ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮـﻗ ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪـﺧ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﻭﺭﺍﺮﻓ ﺍﺭ ﻱ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮـﻗ ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪـﺧ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﻭﺭﺍﺮﻓ ﺍﺭ ﻱ . .
ﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ
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زﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ رد ﺮﻴﮔاﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ نارﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﺷ
ﻧاد هﮋﻳو يﺎﻫ لﺎﻴ
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ﻲـﻣ ﻪـﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﻪـﻛ ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺪـﺧ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻲـﻣ ﻪـﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﻪـﻛ ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺪـﺧ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ
ﻥﺎﻣﺎﮕـﺸﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺪـﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﻣﺎﮕـﺸﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺪـﻫﺩ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ]]
٨٨ [[.
ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ ﺲﭘ ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ
. ﺯﺍ ﻑﺪـﻫ
ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺎـﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺮـﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖـﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ
ﻝﻮﺳﺭ ﺕﺮﻀﺣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ
) ﺹ
ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮـﻬﺗ ﺮﻬـﺷ(
ﻝﺎـﺳ
۱۳۸۶ ﺩﻮﺑ . ﺭﺩ ﻞﻏﺎـﺷ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘـﺳﺮﭘ ﻪـﻴﻠﮐ ﺍﺭ ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﻝﻮـﺳﺭ ﺕﺮﻀﺣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
) ﺹ
ﻭ(
ﻞﻴﮑـﺸﺗ ﺮـﮔﺯﻭﺮﻴﻓ
ﺩﺍﺩ ﺪﻧ . ﻝﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻝﻮﺻﺍ ﻖﺒﻃ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ ﺪـﺷ ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ
ﻭ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻮﺑ ﺩ . ﯼﺍﺮﺑ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺰـﻴﻧ ﺎـﻫ
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ .
ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪـﮐ
ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ
۲۵ ﻪﻳﻮﮔ ﻱ ۵ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﻱﺍ ) ﻲﻠﻴﺧ ﻲﻠﻴﺧ ،ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ،ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ،ﻢﮐ ،ﻢﮐ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ
( ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻭ
ﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻔﻟﻮ ﺶﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﮔ
؛ ۱ - ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ
ﺪﺷﺭﺍ
؛ ۲ - ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺖﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ
؛ ۳ - ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ
؛ ۴ - ﻱﺮﺘـﺸﻣ ﻲـﻳﺍﺮﮔ
؛
۵ - ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﺖـﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻭ ۶ - ﺵﺯﻮـﻣﺁ ﯽـﺣﺍﺮﻃ ،
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ . ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ۱۶ ﻪﻳﻮﮔ ﺍ ﻱ ۵ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﻱﺍ ) ﻲﻠﻴﺧ ،ﻂـﺳﻮﺘﻣ ،ﻢﮐ ،ﻢﮐ
ﻲﻠﻴﺧ ،ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ
( ﻪﮐ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ .
ﻲﻧﺩﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻢﻴـﺴﻘﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ـﺷ ﺪ
؛ﺪﻧ ﺶﻳﺎـﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ )
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘـﺳﺮﭘ
ﻝﻮﺳﺭ ﺕﺮﻀﺣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
) ﺹ
((
ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﮐ
ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻭ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﻭ ﺪـﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪـﻳﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺍﻮـﮔ
) ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘـﺳﺮﭘ
ﻤﻴﺑ ـ ﺘﺳﺭﺎ ـ ﻓ ﻥﺎ ـ ﮔﺯﻭﺮﻴ ـ ﺮ ( ﮐ ـ ﭻﻴﻫ ﻪ ﺪـﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪـﻳﺪﻧ ﻲـﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ .
ﺲﭙـﺳ
ﺲﭘ ﻲﻧﻮﻣﺯﺁ ) ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ (
ﺮﻫ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺍﺮـﺟﺍ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺪـﻳﺩﺮﮔ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ
ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭﺩ ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧ )
ﻩﺍﻮﮔ ﻭ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ (
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﮑﻳ ﺎﺑ .
ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺎـﻫ
ﻡﺮـﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺰـﻓﺍ
SPSS 11.5 ﺖـﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ
. ﯼﺍﺮـﺑ ﻭ ﻪـﻳﺰﺠﺗ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ
) ﺭﺍﺩﻮـﻤﻧ ،ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ ،ﺪـﺻﺭﺩ ،ﻲـﻧﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ (
ﺭﺎـﻣﺁ ﻭ
ـﻃﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳﺍ ـ ﻲ ) ـﮔ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻲـﺗ ﻥﻮـﻣﺯﺁ ـ
ﻩﻭﺮ ـﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫ ـ
ﻦﻣﺪــﻳﺮﻓ ﻥﻮـﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ﻞ (
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ .
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻴﻧ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ـ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎ ۴
/ ۷۰ % ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻧﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ
ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺩﻮﺑ
) ﻩﺍﻮﮔ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ( ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ
ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ
ﺖﺷﺍﺩ . ﺭﺩ ﻲﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻧﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺩﻮﺑ ) ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ (،
۷ / ۴۷
% ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ
۳ / ۵۲
% ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ
ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ
. ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
ﻪﺑ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﺭﺍﺩ ﯼ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻩﺍﻮﮔ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
ﺩﻮﺑ
ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ۹۹
%
، ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻭ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ
ﻩﺍﻮﮔ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ
ﺖﺷ . ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻥﺩﺮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﻮﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ۱۴
/ ۳ ﻭ
ﭘ ـ ﻦﻴﻳﺎ ﺗ ـ ﻳﺮ ـ ﺮﻣ ﻪﺒﺗﺭ ﻦ ﺑـ
ﻣﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮ ـ ﺟﺩﺪﻣ ﺵﺯﻮ ـ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻳﻮ ۳۳
/ ۲ ﺩﻮﺑ . ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﺶﻳﺎـﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﺭﺩ
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۱
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﻣﺁ .
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۱ ( ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﯼﺎﻫ
ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ ﯼﺎﻫ
ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺮﺗ
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻭ
ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ
۶ / ۴۲ ۴
/ ۵۷
ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺖﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ
۹ / ۲۶ ۱
/ ۷۳
ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ
۶ / ۲۷ ۴
/ ۷۲
ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻲﻳﺍﺮﮔ ۶
/ ۲۸ ۴
/ ۷۱
ﻭ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﺖﻴﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ
۸ / ۲۷ ۲
/ ۷۲
ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ۱
/ ۱۷ ۹
/ ۸۲
ﺚﺤﺑ ﻲﻧﺩﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺕﺍﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻝﻮﺳﺭ ﺕﺮﻀﺣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
) ﺹ
ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﮔﺯﻭﺮﻴﻓ ﻭ(
ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ
ﻪﮐ ﻲﻧﺩﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ .
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﻞﻨﺳﺮﭘ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺩﻮﺷ
، ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﺭﺩ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ
ﻲﻤﻧ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻱﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻭ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ
. ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﺩﻮﺷ
، ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ
ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺑ
ﻪ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺶﺨﺑ ﯼﺎﻫ
ﻩﮋﻳﻭ
، ﯼﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺯﻭﺭ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﺮﺗ ﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺭ ﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍ . ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﮐﺎﺣ ﻪﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺯﻭﺭ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﮑﻨﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺮﻈﻧ
ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺖﺒﺛ ﻥﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﻲﻠﻳﺎﺴﻣ ﺮﻴﮔﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺕﺎﺷﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺎﻳ
ﺭﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺍﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ
،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻴﻧ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ ﻲﻌﺳ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻣ
ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ﻱﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺍﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺩﺎﻳ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ ﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻦﻳﻮﻧ
ﺖﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺵﻼﺗ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﻨﮐ . ﺭﺩ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻱﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ ﻭ ﻝﻮﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻞﺣ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺕﺍﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ
ﻲﻣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﺎﻇﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﺘﺒﻗﺍﺮﻣ ﻒﻳ
ﻪﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻭ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
. ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺭﻮﻣﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻟﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻭ ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺖﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺖﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ،ﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﺎﺗ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻭ ﻖﻠﻌﺗ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ
ﻢﻫ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺖﮐﺭﺎﺸﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺮﮑﻓ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
، ﻞﺣ ﻭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺕﻼﮑﺸﻣ
ﺪﻨﻨﮐ . ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻨﮐﺭﺎﮐ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ
ﺭﺩ ﻲﻌﺳ ﻪﻟﻮﺤﻣ ﺭﻮﻣﺍ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ
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ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣ يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ هﮋﻳو
هرود 2 هرﺎﻤﺷ ، 1 ، رﺎﻬﺑ 1388
120
ﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﯼ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻭ ﻡﻭﺍﺪﻣ .
ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﺩﻮﺧ
، ﺯﺍ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ
، ﻩﺎﮔﺁ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻕﺮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻣ
ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﮔ ﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﯽﻣ
ﻻﺎﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻡﻭﺍﺪﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ
، ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ
ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘﺎﻧ ﺍﺭ
ﺐﺒﺳ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ . ﻊﺒﻄﻟﺎﺑ
، ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ
ﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﺎﺑ ﯼ ﻲﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺯﺁ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺯﺍﺮﺑﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﺍ
ﻩﺪﻳﺍ ﻮﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ
، ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺪﻨﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﺍ ﻥﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻌﺳ .
ﺭﺩ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ،ﺪﻳﺎﻘﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻱﺎﻫ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﮔ
ﻧ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺪ ﻭ
ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ
،
ﻲﻣ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻭ ﺪﻧﻭﺭ
ﻪﮑﻨﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲ
ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﺎﻫ
، ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻌﺳ ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ
.
ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻥﺪﻧﺍﺭﺬﮔ ﺎﺑ ،ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﺪﻳﺪﺟ
ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺯﻮﻣﺁ . ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ
، ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻣ
ﺷ ﻮ ﺩ
، ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺖﻳﻮﻟﻭﺍ ﺎﺑ
ﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﯼ
ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ،ﻥﺎﻨﮐﺭﺎﮐ ﻲﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺰﺟ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ
ﻲﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺪﻧﺭﻭﺁ
.
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﯼﺮﻴﮔ ﺮﻴﮔﺍﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﮐ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ
، ﻪﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻲﻤﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻭ ﺍﺮﮔ
ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﺭﺍﺪﻣ ﻲﺘﺷﺍﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻱﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ -
ﺶﺨﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻊﻳﺮﺴﺗ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ
:
- ﺵﻭﺭ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳﻮﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ
،
- ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ،ﻥﺁ ﻡﻭﺍﺪﻣ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻭ
- ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻲﺗﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ،ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ
- ،ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺰﻳﺍﻭﺮﭘﻮﺳ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ ﻝﺎﻌﻓ
- ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﺷﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ،
- ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ،ﻲﻫﻭﺮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ
-
ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺯﺎﻴﺘﻣﺍ ﺺﻴﺼﺨﺗ ﯼﺍﺮﺑ
ﺎﻘﺗﺭﺍ ﯼ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ - ﻥﺍﺭﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﻲﺼﺼﺨﺗ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ .
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
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WHO; 1992.
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[Persian]
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