ﺎﻘﻣ
ﻳ ﻪﺴ ارﺎﻛ ﻲﻳ ﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ ي هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ا ي
، ﻟﻮﺋز ﻴ ﺘ ﻲ و ﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻲ رد ﻓﺎﺻ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ي ﻨﺷ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻛ ﺖﻬﺟ فﺬﺣ
مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ و بﺮﺳ زا
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ بآ
نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ :
ﻲﻤﻴﻫاﺮﺑا ﻦﻴﺸﻓا
،1
رﺎﺘﺨﻣ وﺪﻬﻣ
2ي
، دادﺮﻬﻣ اﺪﺧ ﻤﺣر
3ﻲ
، تﺰﻋ ﻪﻟا ﺘﻤﺣر
4ﻲ
،
ﻪﻟاﺪﺒﻋ ﻲﻠﻋ داﮋﻧ
5
1 . و ﺖﺴﻳز ﻂﻴﺤﻣ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ رﺎﻴﺸﻧاد هوﺮﮔ
ﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﻲ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﺤﻣ ﻴ
،ﻂ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد مﻮﻠﻋ ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ نﺎﻬﻔﺻا
2 . يﺮﺘﻛد يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ، ﻲﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻛ و ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ هوﺮﮔ
هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد مﻮﻠﻋ ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ نﺎﻬﻔﺻا
3 . ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ، ﻲﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻛ و ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ هوﺮﮔ
هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد مﻮﻠﻋ ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ نﺎﻬﻔﺻا
4 . ﻮﻧ ﻳ هﺪﻨﺴ لﻮﺌﺴﻣ : ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد و ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ هوﺮﮔ
،ﻲﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻛ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
مﻮﻠﻋ ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ نﺎﻬﻔﺻا
سﺎﻤﺗ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ : 09168553544 Email: [email protected]
5 . ﻬﻣ يﺮﺘﻛد يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد
،ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﺳﺪﻨ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
مﻮﻠﻋ ﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻲ ﺧ و ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تﺎﻣﺪ دﺰﻳ
ﻜﭼ هﺪﻴ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ رد ﻪﻛ ﻲﺘﻴﻤﺳ و ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تاﺮﻃﺎﺨﻣ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ تاﺰﻠﻓ: ﺖﻈﻠﻏ
ﺎﻫ درﻮﻣ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺪﻧراد ﻂﻴﺤﻣ و نﺎﺴﻧا ياﺮﺑ ﻢﻛ ي
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ .
زا ﻲﻜﻳ شور ﺎﻫ نوﺮﻘﻣ و هدﺎﺳ ي ﻪﺑ
ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﻦﻳا فﺬﺣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻻآ
ﻳ هﺪﻨ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻨﺷ ﻲﻓﺎﺻ ﻣ
ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺶﻘﻧ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ عﻮﻧ
آ فﺬﺣ رد يﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ هدراو ﻲﮔدﻮﻟ
ﺳ ﻴ ﻢﺘﺴ ﺎﻫ دراد ار . نﻮﭼ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺮﺛا ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻲﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ حﺮﻃ ﻦﻳا زا فﺪﻫ اﺬﻟ
ﻪﺳﺎﻣ ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ
، و ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ا ي مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ و بﺮﺳ فﺬﺣ رد ﻣ
ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ شور رد:
ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا زا
ﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ ﻪﺳ ﻪﺳﺎﻣ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺎﺑ رﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ تﻮﻠﻳﺎﭘ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ رد ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز و هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ،لﻮﻤﻌﻣ يا
فﺬﺣ ﻲﺳ
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻪﺳ رد مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ و بﺮﺳ 1
/ 0
، 1 ppm و 10 ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
زا ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ سﻼﮔ ﻲﺴﻜﻠﭘ ﺲﻨﺟ و
ياراد ﺮﻄﻗ 8 و
عﺎﻔﺗرا 120 ﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ هدﻮﺑ ﺪﻧا ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ نﺎﻳﺮﺟ
يرادﺮﺑ هﺮﻬﺑ هﺪﺷ
ﺪﻧا .
ﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار: ﺎﺑ ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز و هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ،ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻪﺳﺎﻣ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﺳ ياﺮﺑ تروﺪﻛ فﺬﺣ ﻪﻴﻟوا تروﺪﻛ
13NTU ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ 46 ،
77 و 89 % ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ و تروﺪﻛ دﻮﺟو مﺪﻋ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ رد ﺰﻴﻧ بﺮﺳ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار .
1 / 0 ﻲﭘ ﭘ ﻲ ما ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ بﺮﺳ
3 / 70
% ، 79 % و 8 / 59 % ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ياﺮﺑ و هدﻮﺑ 1ppm
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ 8 / 51
% ، 7 / 52 % و 6 / 52 % ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ياﺮﺑ و هدﻮﺑ 10ppm
بﺮﺳ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ 4 / 53
% ، 8 / 57 % و 8 / 59
% ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رد ﺰﻴﻧ مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار.
1ppm / 0 ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ 4
/ 23
% ،
5 / 37 % و 4 / 59 % ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ياﺮﺑو هدﻮﺑ 1ppm
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ 9 / 37
%
، 45 % و 3 / 41 % ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رد و 10ppm
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ 3 / 68
% ،
6 / 68 % و 67 % ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ .
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ :يﺮﻴﮔ بﺮﺳ فﺬﺣ رد يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز و هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﺳﺎﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ و
ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ يا
ﻲﺑآ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ زا تاﺰﻠﻓ فﺬﺣ ﺖﻬﺟ اﺬﻟ ﺪﻧراد ﻣ
ﻲ ناﻮﺗ دﻮﻤﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا لﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻪﺳﺎﻣ يﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ار ﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ عﻮﻧ ﻦﻳا .
هژاو ﺎﻫ ي يﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻓﺎﺻ: ﻲ
،ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻨﺷ
،بآ ﻪﻴﻔﺼﺗ ،مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ ،بﺮﺳ
،هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز ﺮﺘﺴﺑ
ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ عﻮﻠﻃ
ﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻫﺎﻣ ود ﻲﺸ
دﺰﻳ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﻢﻫدرﺎﻬﭼ لﺎﺳ
هرﺎﻤﺷ : ﻢﺸﺷ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧ هﮋﻳو 1394
ﻞﺴﻠﺴﻣ هرﺎﻤﺷ :
54
لﻮﺻو ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
15 / 9 / 1393
شﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
3 / 10 / 1393
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
تاﺰﻠﻓ ﮕﻨﺳ ﻴ ﻫوﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻦ ﻲ
زا ﻪﺘﻔﮔ تاﺰﻠﻓ ﻣ
ﻲ دﻮﺷ ﻛ ﻪ ﻟﺎﮕﭼ ﻲ نآ ﺎﻫ
ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ زا 5000 ﺮﺑ مﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﺐﻌﻜﻣﺮﺘﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﺗ ﻳ ﻦ ﻦﻳا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ
هوﺮﮔ ترﺎﺒﻋ ﺪﻧا زا
،بﺮﺳ ﻛ ﻣدﺎ ﻴ مﻮ
، ﻛ
،موﺮ
،ﺲﻣ ﺟ ﻴ
،هﻮ ﻧ ﻜﻴ
،ﻞ ور ي
دﺎﻧاو و ﻳ مﻮ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻤﺳ تاﺮﺛا ﻪﻛ نﺎﺴﻧا ﺖﻣﻼﺳ يور يﺪﻳﺪﺷ و ﻲ
ﺪﻧراد . ا ز ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﺗ ﻳ ﻦ داﻮﻣ ﻦﻳا تﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ
، رد يﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻊﻤﺠﺗ ﺖﻴﺻﺎﺧ
هﺪﻧز تادﻮﺟﻮﻣ نﺪﺑ ﺖﺳا
ﻪﺑ دورو ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ لﻮﻠﺳ
ﺎﻫ ي دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ نﺪﺑ
ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ار نﺎﻧآ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷﻮﻴﺑ ﻣ
ﻲ ﺪﻨﻫد ) 1،2 .(
تاﺰﻠﻓ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ
ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا
،يرﺎﻜﺑآ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ
ﮓﻧر شزادﺮﭘ و
،تاﺰﻠﻓ
ﺮﺗﺎﺑ ي زﺎﺳ ي
، يرﺎﻛﺰﻠﻓ
، يرﺎﻛ نﺪﻌﻣ و دﻮﻛ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ
، زا يدﺎﻳز ﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣ
ًﺎﺘﻳﺎﻬﻧ و ﻂﻴﺤﻣ دراو ار تاﺰﻠﻓ ﻦﻳا ﺮﺟ
ﻳ نﺎ ﺎﻫ ي بآ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ) 3،4 ( .
ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد ﻪﻛ تاﺰﻠﻓ ﻦﻳا ﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣ
ﻲ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ بﺮﺳ
مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ و ﺖﺳا
. ﺐﺒﺳ مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ ندﺎﺘﻓارﺎﻛزا
و ﻲﻳاز هدﺮﻣ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻛ
ناﻮﺨﺘﺳا ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻜﺷ ﻣ
ﻲ ددﺮﮔ ) 5،6 .(
ﺮﺳ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ب ﺑﻴ
رﺎﻤ ي ﺎﻫ ﻲﻳ
نﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﺳآ ﻴ ﺐ ﺎﻫ ي ،نﻮﺧ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ،ﻪﻳر رد ﻊﻤﺠﺗ ،يﺰﻐﻣ
ﻲﺑآ ﻪﺜﻟ و ناﻮﺨﺘﺳا رد ﻊﻤﺠﺗ ،ﻪﻴﻠﻛ ﺐﻳﺮﺨﺗ ﻣ
ﻲ ددﺮﮔ ) 7،8 .(
ﺮﺜﻛاﺪﺣ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺪﻴﻣﺎﺷآ بآ رد مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ و بﺮﺳ زﺎﺠﻣ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ناﺮﻳا بآ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا 01
/ 0 و 003 / 0 ﻣﻴ ﻠ ﻲ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ رد
ﺖﺳا .
شور ﺎﻫ ي ﺑ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ بآ زا ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ تاﺰﻠﻓ فﺬﺣ و ﻪﻴﻔﺼﺗ ياﺮ
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا هﺪﺷ
،ﺖﺳا ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا ﻦﻳا شور ﺎﻫ ﻣ ﻲ ناﻮﺗ ﺮﻴﻄﻘﺗ ﻪﺑ ) 9 ( ،
ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ ﺐﻴﺳﺮﺗ )
10 (
، نﻮﻳ ﺾﻳﻮﻌﺗ )
11 ( سﻮﻜﻌﻣ ﺰﻤﺳا ، )
12 (
،
ﻲﺤﻄﺳ بﺬﺟ )
17 - 13 ( و ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻳدوﺮﺘﻜﻟا )
18 ( ﺎﺷا دﺮﻛ هر زا . ﺮﮕﻳد
شور ﺎﻫ ي بآ زا ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ تاﺰﻠﻓ فﺬﺣ
، زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻓﺎﺻ
ﻲ ﺎﻫ ي ﻲﻨﺷ ﺪﻨﻛ
ﺖﺳا هدﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ ﻦﻳا و
نازرا ﻗﻴ ﺖﻤ رد بآ ﻪﻴﻔﺼﺗ رد و هدﻮﺑ
رﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻚﭼﻮﻛ ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ
ﺖﺳا و ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺳر ﻪﻛ رد ترﻮﺻ
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺑ
ﻤﺸﭼ ﺮﺛا ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺘ تاﺰﻠﻓ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ رد يﺮﻴﮕ
ﺰﻴﻧ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد )
19 (.
رﺎﭘ ا يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣ ﻣزرد
ﻴ ﻪﻨٔ ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ تاﺰﻠﻓ فﺬﺣ
راﺬﮔﺮﺛا ﺖﺳا ﻪﻛ رد ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ ي لﺎﺣرد ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ رد نﻮﭽﻤﻫ يدراﻮﻣ
و ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ ﻲﮔدﺎﺳ ،داﻮﻣ ندﻮﺑ سﺮﺘﺳد ﻢﻛ
ﺰﻫ ﻳ ﻪﻨ ﺖﻳﻮﻟوا رد نآ ندﻮﺑ
ﺖﺳا . هرﻮﻛ هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ )
عﻮﻧ ﻚﻳ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﻲﻌﻓد ﺪﺋاز هدرواﺮﻓ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ زا
دﻻﻮﻓ ( و ﻲﻨﻫآ داﻮﻣ رﺎﺠﻔﻧا زا طﻮﻠﺨﻣ
ﭘﻴ ﭽ ﻴ هﺪ ا ي زا ﺳ ﻴﻠ ﻴ تﺎﻜ ﺎﻫ و
ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻻﺎﺑ يﺎﻣد رد ﻲﻛﺎﺧ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻠﻗ يﺎﻫﺎﻨﻴﻣﻮﻟآ ﻣ
ﻲ دﻮﺷ . ﻟﻮﺋز ﻴ ﺖ
ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ يﺎﻫ ﺰﻴﻧ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻫ ﻴ تارﺪ ﺎﻫ ي ﻣﻮﻟآ ﻴ ﺳﺎﻨ ﻴﻠ ﻴ ﻜ ﺎ ﻲﻧﺪﻌﻣ ت ﻪﻛ هدﻮﺑ
ﺪﻧراد ﻖﻠﻌﺗ تﺎﻜﻴﻠﻴﺳﻮﺘﻜﺗ سﻼﻛ ﻪﺑ .
ﻪﻛ تﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻦﻳا زا
ًﺎﻣﻮﻤﻋ رد
ﺎﻨﺻ ﻳ ﻊ ﭘ ﺷوﺮﺘ ﻴ ﻤ ﻲ و ﻻﺎﭘ ﻳ ﺶ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻣ ﻲ ﺗ ناﻮ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ
ﻠﭘ ﻴ يﺎﻫﺮﻤ ﻲﻧﺪﻌﻣ دﻮﻤﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا )
20 (.
،نﻮﻳ لدﺎﺒﺗ ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺋز ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ تاﺰﻠﻓ فﺬﺣ ﻲﻠﺻا ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ ﺤﻣ يور ﻲﻧﻮﻴﺗﺎﻛ ﺰﻠﻓ ﻚﻴﺗﺎﺘﺳاوﺮﺘﻜﻟا بﺬﺟ و ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ ﺐﻴﺳﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻞ
ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺋز ﺢﻄﺳ يور ﻲﻔﻨﻣ رﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا
. يدﺎﻋ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ رد ﺎﻫرﺎﺑ
ي ﻲﻔﻨﻣ
ﺎﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺶﻨﻜﻤﻫﺮﺑ رد ﺗﺎﻛ
نﻮﻴ يﺎﻫ ،ﻢﻳﺪﺳ نﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﺾﻳﻮﻌﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ
درﻮﻣ لﻮﻠﺤﻣرد ﺰﻠﻓ رﻮﻀﺣ ترﻮﺻ رد و ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻢﻴﺴﻠﻛ و ﻢﻴﺳﺎﺘﭘ ﻦﻳا ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﺗﺎﻛ
نﻮﻴ ﺎﻫ ﻲﺗاﺰﻠﻓ ﻪﺑ دﻮﺧ يﺎﺟ نداد و ﺾﻳﻮﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ردﺎﻗ
مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ و بﺮﺳ نﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ
) 23 - 21 (.
هرﻮﻛ هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻠﺒﻗ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ،تاﺰﻠﻓ بوذ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ
ﺑذﺎﺟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻲ و
هدﺎﻣ ا ي ﺮﺛﺆﻣ فﺬﺣ ياﺮﺑ ﻳ
نﻮ ﺎﻫ ي ﺲﻣ
،يور ،
بﺮﺳ و ﻞﻜﻴﻧ زا
لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﺎﻫ ي بﻼﺿﺎﻓ و بآ ﺖﺳا
) 24 (.
و ﻚﭘآ
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻤﻫ و اوﺮﺘﻴﻤﻳد و
نارﺎﻜ ﻲﻃ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻳ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳرد اﺰﺠﻣ
ﻞﺜﻣ ﺪﺋاز داﻮﻣ زا يرﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻪﻛ هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ و خﺮﺳ كﺎﺧ ،راﺮﻓ ﺮﺘﺴﻛﺎﺧ
هرﻮﻛ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا بآ زا ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ تاﺰﻠﻓ فﺬﺣ رد
ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ) 25،26 .( ﻣ رد يﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘ ﻪﺳﺎﻣ
ا ي ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ، ﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲ
ﺢﻄﺳ ياراد يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ بﺬﺟ
تارذو هدﻮﺑ ار يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ تﺎﺑﻮﺳر و
رد
ﺎﻴﻣ دﻮﺧ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ و ﺬﻓﺎﻨﻣ ن ﻆﻔﺣ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻛ ) 29 - 27 .(
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا زا فﺪﻫ ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
ﻓﺎﺻ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ي ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻨﺷ
ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد ﻓﺎﺻ
ﻲ ﺎﻫ ي حﻼﺻا هﺪﺷ و ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺎﺑ هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ
ا ي رد
ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ تاﺰﻠﻓ فﺬﺣ مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ و بﺮﺳ
بآ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ زا ﺖﺳا
.
ﺗرﻮﺻرد ﻲ ﻪﻛ ﺢﻟﺎﺼﻣ دﺮﺑرﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ناﻮﺘﺑ نازرا
ﻗﻴ ﺖﻤ د رد و سﺮﺘﺳ
ﻪﺑ تاﺰﻠﻓ بوذ هرﻮﻛ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ﺎﻳ و ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺋز ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻠﺤﻣ تاﺰﻠﻓ زا يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ فﺬﺣ ﮕﻨﺳ
ﻴ ﻦ ﺖﺳد ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﻣ ﻲ ناﻮﺗ نآ ار ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ
ﺰﮔ ﻳ ﻪﻨ ا ي ﺖﻬﺟ ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﻲﻨﺷ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ رد نﺪﺷ
ﻪﺑ ﺎﺟ ي ﻪﺳﺎﻣ
دﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ .
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ شور
ا رد حﺮﻃ ﻦﻳ ﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ
ﻲﺗﺎ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ و
نﺎﻣﺪﻧار فﺬﺣ
بﺮﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ و ﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ
ي ﻪﺳﺎﻣ يا ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ
، حﻼﺻا هﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ
ﺎﺑﺮﺳ و ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺋز زا ،تاﺰﻠﻓ بوذ هرﻮﻛ هر
بآ ﺎﻫ ي ﻊﻣاﻮﺟ ﻲﺤﻄﺳ
ﺎﺑ اﺰﺠﻣ ﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ ﻪﺳ زا ،ﻚﭼﻮﻛ ﺮﻄﻗ
ﻠﺧاد ﻲ 8 ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ عﺎﻔﺗرا و 120
ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ سﻼﮔ ﻲﺴﻜﻠﭘ ﺲﻨﺟ نﺎﻳﺮﺟ ﺎﺑ
ﻴﭘ ﻪﺘﺳﻮ 5 / 1 رد ﺮﺘﻴﻟ
ﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ ﺮﻫ رد ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
.
ﺴﺑ رد ﺮﺘ ﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ ﻪﺳﺎﻣ يا ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﺋﺎﭘ زا
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻳ ﻚ ﻻ ﻳ ﻪ 12
ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ هزاﺪﻧا ﺎﺑ لواﺮﮔ زا ﺮﺛﺆﻣ
15 ﺎﺗ 25 ﻣﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ
، ﻳ ﻚ ﻻ ﻳ ﻪ 6
ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ هزاﺪﻧا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻜﻴﻠﻴﺳ زا ﺮﺛﺆﻣ
5 ﺎﺗ 8 ﻣﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ ، ﻳ ﻚ ﻻ ﻳ ﻪ ﺎﻜﻴﻠﻴﺳ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿﺎﺑ
5 ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ هزاﺪﻧا و ﺮﺛﺆﻣ 5 / 1 ﺎﺗ 2 ﻣﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ
، ﻳ ﻚ ﻻ ﻳ ﻪ
ﺳ ﺎﻜﻴﻠﻴ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿﺎﺑ 4
ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ هزاﺪﻧا و ﺮﺛﺆﻣ 4 / 0 ﺎﺗ 6 / 0 ﻣﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ ) ﻦﻳا
نﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ ﻪﺳ ﺮﻫ رد ﻪﻳﻻ رﺎﻬﭼ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا
هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا ( و ﻳ ﻚ ﻻ ﻳ ﻪ
ﺲﻴﻠﻴﺳ ﻪﺳﺎﻣ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿﺎﺑ
42 ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ هزاﺪﻧا ﺮﺛﺆﻣ 35 / 0 - 15 / 0
ﻣﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ دﻮﺑ . ﺰﻴﻧ بآ عﺎﻔﺗرا 51
ﻪﺳﺎﻣ ﻪﻳﻻ يﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﻴﺘﻧﺎﺳ
راﺮﻗ ﻣ ﻲ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . ﺮﺘﺴﺑ مود ﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ )
حﻼﺻا هﺪﺷ عﻮﻧ 1 ( ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﺋﺎﭘ زا ﺰﻴﻧ
ﻻﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ
،ﻲﻠﺒﻗ ﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ لوا ﻪﻳﻻ رﺎﻬﭼ ﻳ
ﻚ ﻻ ﻳ ﻪ ﺲﻨﺟ زا ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز
ﺖﻴﻟﻮﻠﻴﺘﭘﻮﻨﻴﻠﻛ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿﺎﺑ
20 ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ و هزاﺪﻧا ﺮﺛﺆﻣ 35 / 0 - 15 / 0
ﻣﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ و ﻳ ﻚ ﻻ ﻳ ﻪ 22 ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ ي زا ﺲﻴﻠﻴﺳ ﻪﺳﺎﻣ هزاﺪﻧا نﺎﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ
ﺮﺛﺆﻣ دﻮﺑ نآ يﻻﺎﺑ رد .
ﺮﺘﺴﺑ مﻮﺳ ﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ )
حﻼﺻا هﺪﺷ عﻮﻧ 2 ( زا ﺰﻴﻧ
ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﺋﺎﭘ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ
،ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ ﺮﮕﻳد رد ﻲﻠﺒﻗ ﻪﻴﻟوا ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻪﻳﻻ رﺎﻬﭼ
ﻳ ﻚ ﻻ ﻳ ﻪ هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ) تاﺰﻠﻓ بوذ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ هرﻮﻛ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ (
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿﺎﺑ 20
ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ و هزاﺪﻧا ﺮﺛﺆﻣ 35 / 0 - 15 / 0 ﻣﻴ ﻠ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ و ﻳ ﻚ ﻻ ﻳ ﻪ 22
ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻣ ي زا ﺲﻴﻠﻴﺳ ﻪﺳﺎﻣ هزاﺪﻧا نﺎﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ
ﺮﺛﺆﻣ رد نآ يﻻﺎﺑ
دﻮﺑ . هرود ﻞﻛ لﻮﻃ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
رادﺮﺑ ي 1 هﺎﻣ دﻮﺑ تﺪﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻲﻃ ﻪﻛ 72
تاﺰﻠﻓ زا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ
ﺑ عوﺮﺷ زا ﻞﺒﻗ . ﻪ
ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ رﺎﻛ
، ﺎﺑ ار ﺮﺘﺴﺑ
ﻚﻳﺮﺘﻴﻧ ﺪﻴﺳا 8
ﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﻪ تﺪﻣ 24 ﺘﺴﺷ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﺸ
هداد ﻮ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ي ﻪﻛ
ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻲﺸﻜﺑآ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ بآpH ﻪﺑ
7 ) ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ( ﺪﻴﺳر . ﻣ ﺢﻟﺎﺼ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ
ﺰﻴﻧ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻚﻳرﺪﻳﺮﻠﻛ ﺪﻴﺳا ﺎﺑ سﺎﻤﺗ 40
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد 24
ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
زا ﺮﺘﻤﻛ 5 ﺪﻧداد ﺖﺳد زا ار دﻮﺧ نزو ﺪﺻرد .
رد ا ﻪﻣاد ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ
هدﺎﻣآ زﺎﺳ ي ﻲﻜﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ ﻪﻳﻻ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ و ﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ
، ﺮﻫ 3 ﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ 14 زور
ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ رد ﻪﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ راﺪﻣ
) ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﺸﻛ ﻲ بآ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺼﺘﻣ بآ
يﺮﻬﺷ ( ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ .
ﺲﭙﺳ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي ﺎﺑ تاﺰﻠﻓ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ
1 / 0
، 1 و
10ppm ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﻴﻔﺼﺗ درﻮﻣ .
ياﺮﺑ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﻫ ي 1 / 0
، 1
ppmو 10 بﺮﺳ و مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ زا
بﺮﺳ تاﺮﺘﻴﻧ و مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ تﺎﻔﻟﻮﺳ و
ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﺑ تروﺪﻛ ﻣﻴ
NTU ناﺰ 13 زا ﻦﻟﻮﺋﺎﻛ
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي هﺪﺷﺬﺧا ﻲﺟوﺮﺧ و يدورو زا
ﻓﺎﺻ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ شور ﻫ ﺎ ي بﻼﺿﺎﻓ و بآ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا مﺎﺠﻧا
هﺪﺷ
ﺖﺳا . ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ تاﺰﻠﻓ ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ ياﺮﺑ )
مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ و بﺮﺳ (
هﺎﮕﺘﺳد زا
لﺪﻣ ﻲﺘﻴﻓاﺮﮔ هرﻮﻛ 4100ZL
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا . هزاﺪﻧا ﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ي
ﺞﻨﺳ تروﺪﻛ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ تروﺪﻛ EUTECH
ﺪﻣ TN_100 ل
مﺎﺠﻧا هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا . ﺎﻣﺪﻧار يور تروﺪﻛ ﺮﺛا ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ
فﺬﺣ ن
ﻮﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ تاﺰﻠﻓ
،ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ در ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺎﻫ و تروﺪﻛ نوﺪﺑ ﻲﻳ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻳ راﺮﻗ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ درﻮﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ تاﺰﻠﻓ و تروﺪﻛ يوﺎﺣ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ .
ﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ رد تروﺪﻛ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣدرﻮﻣ
،
دوﺪﺣ ﻪﻴﻟوا تروﺪﻛ ﺎﺑ بآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 13 NTU
راﺮﻗ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ درﻮﻣ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . يﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺮﺛا زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣدرﻮﻣ
ﻴﻓ رد يور ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻠ
ار تروﺪﻛ فﺬﺣ ﻣ
ﻲ ناﻮﺗ ﻞﻜﺷ رد 1
دﻮﻤﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ .
نﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻪﻛ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻣ ﻲ دﻮﺷ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﺳ ياﺮﺑ تروﺪﻛ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﻪﺳﺎﻣ
يا
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز و هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ،ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ 46
، 77 و 89 % ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ .
ﻞﻜﺷ ﺎﻫ ي 2 و 3 ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺮﺛا زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ )
يﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ
حﻼﺻا هﺪﺷ ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز و هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ا ي و ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ( بﺮﺳ فﺬﺣ رد و
تروﺪﻛ دﻮﺟو مﺪﻋ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ رد مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ نﺎﺸﻧ ار
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻫد . نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻫد ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رد ﻪﻛ 1
/ 0 ppmو 1 ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ،بﺮﺳ هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ
ا ي نﺎﻣﺪﻧار
ﺖﺳا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ دﻮﺧ زا ﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ فﺬﺣ .
رد فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ،بﺮﺳ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد .
ﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رد ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ
1ppm / 0 ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ،مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ
و هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ،ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﺳﺎﻣ
يا ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ .
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رد ﺎﻣا 1
و
10ppm ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ،مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ
و ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز ،هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ﻪﺳﺎﻣ
يا هدﻮﺑ ﺖﺳا . تورﺪﻛ ﺮﺛا ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻚﻳ زا ،ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ تاﺰﻠﻓ فﺬﺣ يور ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ رد دوﺪﺣ تروﺪﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺧﺎﺳ 13 NTU
و ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﻫ ي ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ 1 / 0 ،
1 ppm و 10 زا ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ و بﺮﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻨﺳ تاﺰﻠﻓ .
ار دﺮﻜﻳور ﻦﻳا زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻣ
ﻲ ناﻮﺗ رد ﻞﻜﺷ ﺎﻫ ي 4 و 5 هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
دﻮﻤﻧ . نﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻣ
ﻲ دﻮﺷ بآ ﻪﺑ تروﺪﻛ نﺪﺷ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا ﺎﺑ
ﻪﺳﺎﻣ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار و يا
هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ا ي ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻲﻟو ﺖﺳا
يرﺎﺘﻓر ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز ﻏ
ﻴ لﻮﻤﻌﻣﺮ ﺖﺳا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ دﻮﺧ زا .
ﻞﻜﺷ 1
،ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﺳ رد تروﺪﻛ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار: ﻪﻴﻟوا تروﺪﻛ
NTUدوﺪﺣ 13
ﻞﻜﺷ 2 ﻂﺳﻮﺗ بﺮﺳ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار: ﻓﺎﺻ
ﻲ ﺎﻫ ي حﻼﺻا هﺪﺷ ) ﻮﻴﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ا ي ( رد ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ و ﺖﻈﻠﻏ
ﺎﻫ ي 1 / 0 ، 1 ppm و 10 بﺮﺳ زا
ﻞﻜﺷ 3 ﻂﺳﻮﺗ مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار: ﻓﺎﺻ
ﻲ ﺎﻫ ي حﻼﺻا هﺪﺷ ) ﻮﻴﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ا ي ( رد ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ و ﺖﻈﻠﻏ
ﺎﻫ ي 1 / 0 ، 1 ppm و 10 زا
مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ .
ﻞﻜﺷ 4
،ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ بﺮﺳ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار: رﺎﺑﺮﺳ
ه ا ي دوﺪﺣ تروﺪﻛ ﺎﺑ بآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ و 13 NTU
ﻞﻜﺷ 5
،ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار: هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ
ا ي دوﺪﺣ تروﺪﻛ ﺎﺑ بآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ و 13NTU
و ﺚﺤﺑ ﺘﻧ ﻴ ﻪﺠ ﮔ ﻴ ﺮ ي
ﻧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا رد زا ﺪﻌﺑ رﺪﻛ بآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤ
14 ﻛ زور ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ ندﺮﻛ رﺎ
يراﺪﻘﻣ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ و يﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﻜﺒﺷ بآ ﺎﺑ لﺎﻌﻓ ﻲﻜﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ ﻪﻳﻻ
ﺪﺷ هدوﺰﻓا ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ ﻪﺑ كدﺰﺗﻮﻤﻴﺷ .
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ) ﻞﻜﺷ 1 ( ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ
ﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ ﻪﺳﺎﻣ يا دﻮﺧ زا ار تروﺪﻛ فﺬﺣ رد يﺮﺘﻤﻛ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ،
ﻲﺟوﺮﺧ بآ تروﺪﻛ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗرﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ دوﺪﺣ
7NTU دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ نآ راﺪﻘﻣ و هدﻮﺑ ﻌﺗ
ﻴﻴ ﻦ هﺪﺷ رد نآ
ناﺮﻳا ) NTUﻲﻨﻌﻳ 5 ( ﺖﺳا . ،ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز و هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻲﻓﺮﻃ زا
نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻨﻴﻣز ﻦﻳا رد ار ﻲﺑﻮﺧ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار هداد
ﺪﻧا ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗرﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ
زا ﻲﺟوﺮﺧ بآ تروﺪﻛ نآ
ﺎﻫ دوﺪﺣ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ 4
NTUو
5 / 1 ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ .
ﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ ﻢﻛ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﻪﺳﺎﻣ
يا تروﺪﻛ فﺬﺣ رد
ﻪﺑ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ز ﻳ دﺎ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ زا ﻦﻴﻟﻮﺋﺎﻛ ﺰﻳر ﻲﻠﻴﺧ داﻮﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
هﺪﺷ ياﺮﺑ
ﺳا تروﺪﻛ ﺖ
. زا ﻲﻜﻳ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﺗ ﻳ ﻦ تارذ فﺬﺣ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ
رد ﺪﻣﺎﺟ ﻓﺎﺻ
ﻲ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ رﺎﻨﻛ رد ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻨﺷ
نﻮﭽﻤﻫ يزﺎﺳ ﺲﻜﻠﭙﻤﻛ و ﺐﻴﺳﺮﺗ بﺬﺟ
و يزاﺪﻧا ماد ﻪﺑ
ﻲﺤﻄﺳ تارذ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا گرﺰﺑ
ﺮﺗ ماد ﻪﺑ ار ﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ ءاﺰﺟا زا
ﻣ ﻲ دزاﺪﻧا . و نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﺎﮕﻧﻮﻠﻬﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺶﻧارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﺮﻧﺎﺗ
رد
ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ يا
يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ ﻢﻛ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﻪﺳﺎﻣ
يا
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣدرﻮﻣ و سر ﺰﻳر ﻲﻠﻴﺧ تارذ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ار دﻮﺧ
نﺎﻴﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺧﺎﺳ بآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﻦﻴﻟﻮﺋﺎﻛ هدﻮﻤﻧ
ﺪﻧا ) 31 - 30 .(
ياﺮﺑ
و ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز يﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ
ا ي نﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ ﺲﻜﻠﭙﻤﻛ
ﺐﻴﺳﺮﺗ و يزﺎﺳ ﻣ
ﻲ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ار تروﺪﻛ فﺬﺣ ﺮﺛا
ﻪﻛاﺮﭼ ﻦﻴﻟﻮﺋﺎﻛ دﻮﺟوﺎﺑ دراد ﻪﻛ يﺰﻳر هزاﺪﻧا و ﻲﻔﻨﻣ رﺎﺑ ﻣ
ﻲ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻦﻳا حﻮﻄﺳ يور ﺖﺒﺜﻣ و ﻲﺤﻄﺳ لﺎﻌﻓ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺎﺑ
ﭘ يﺎﻫﺪﻧﻮﻴ
ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﻜﺤﻣ ﻤ ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ اﺪﺟ بآ ﻪﻧﺪﺑ زا و دﺎﺠﻳا ﻲ .
ﻞﻜﺷ 2 بﺮﺳ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رد
ﺎﻫ ي 1 / 0 ، 1 ppm و
10 اﺮﺑ ﻪﺳﺎﻣ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﺳ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ عﻮﻧ ﻪﺳ ي ار ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز و هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ،يا
نﺎﺸﻧ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻫد . ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رد رﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﺳ ياﺮﺑ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار
1ppm / 0 ﻪﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ 3 / 70
% ، 79 % و 8 / 59 % ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ياﺮﺑ و ﺖﺳا
1ppm ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ 8
/ 51
% ، 7 / 52 % و 6 / 52 % ﺖﺳا . رد ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ppm ﺖﻈﻠﻏ 10 ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار بﺮﺳ 4
/ 53
% ،
8 / 57 % و 8 / 59 % ﺖﺳا . ﻞﻜﺷ 3 فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﺰﻴﻧ رد مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﻫ ي 1 / 0
، 1 ppm و 10 ﻪﺳﺎﻣ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ عﻮﻧ ﻪﺳ ياﺮﺑ ،يا
نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز و هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ﻣ
ﻲ ﺪﻫد . نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻣ
ﻲ ﺪﻫد ﻪﻛ
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رد رﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﺳ ياﺮﺑ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار 1 ppm
/ 0 ﻪﺑ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ 4 / 23
% ، 5 / 37 % و 4 / 59 % ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ياﺮﺑ و ﺖﺳا 1ppm
ﻪﺑ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ 9 / 37
%
، 45 % و 3 / 41 % ﺖﺳا . ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رد ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
10ppm ﻪﺑ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ
3 / 68
% ، 6 / 68 % و 67 % ياﺮﺑ
رﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﺳ ﺖﺳا
. زا ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﺗ ﻦﻳ ﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻢﺴﻴ ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
لﺮﺘﻨﻛ ار ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻨﺷ ﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ ﻣ
ﻲ لﺎﻌﻓ و ﻲﻜﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ ﻪﻳﻻ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺪﻨﻛ
كدﺰﺗﻮﻤﻴﺷ )
ﺘﻣﺎﺨﺿﺎﺑ ﻲ ﻦﻴﺑ 5 / 0 ﺎﺗ 2 ﺮﺘﻤﻴﺘﻧﺎﺳ ( ﺖﺳا .
ﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻢﺴﻴ ﻲﻨﺷ ﻲﻓﺎﺻ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ تاﺰﻠﻓ فﺬﺣ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﻛ ﺑ نﺎﻴ هﺪﺷ ﺟ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲﻟآ داﻮﻣ ،ﻪﺳﺎﻣ يور نﺪﺷ بﺬ ﻪﺗ
ﺸﻧ ﻦﻴ
لﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﻳﻻ يور ﻲﻜﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ ﻊﻤﺠﺗ و ﺐﻴﺳﺮﺗ ،ﺮﺘﺴﺑ يور هﺪﺷ كدﺰﺗﻮﻤﻴﺷ ﺖﺳا
. و بﺮﺳ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد
نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ،ﻲﻜﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻴﺑ لﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﻳﻻ يور بﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ تاﺮﺛا دﺎﺠﻳا ﻪﺳﺎﻣ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ رد فﺬﺣ ﺰﻴﻧ يا
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺖﺳا . ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﺒﻃ ﺮﺑ
ﻪﺋارا هﺪﺷ ﻏ رد ، ﺖﻈﻠ 1 / 0 ppm و 1 رد فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار بﺮﺳ
ﺮﺘﺴﺑ هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ا ي ﺮﻳﺎﺳ زا ﺶﻴﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ
ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و هدﻮﺑ
نآ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ،بﺮﺳ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺖﺳا ) ﻞﻜﺷ 2 .(
ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار رد ﻪﺳﺎﻣ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ
ﺎﺑ هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ و يا
دﻮﺧ زا ار يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ،مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻧ نﺎﺸ هداد ﺪﻧا . نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﻦﻳا و هدﻮﺒﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻣا
ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺶﻫﺎﻛ .
يرﺎﺘﻓر ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﻦﻳا رد
ﻏ ﻴ لﻮﻤﻌﻣﺮ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رد ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗرﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ دﻮﺧ زا ار ppm
1 فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ،مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ )
3 / 41 (%
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ 1
/ 0 و
10ppm مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ ) ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ 4
/ 59 و 67 (%
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﭘﻴ هدﺮﻛاﺪ
ﺖﺳا . و بﺮﺳ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻠﺒﻗ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺋز ﺎﺑ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ
ﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا
نآ ﻪﺑ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ز ﻳ دﺎ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ حﻮﻄﺳ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺳﺮﺘﺳد ﻲ بﺬﺟ ياﺮﺑ
ﺖﺳا ) 32 .(
ﺎﭘ ﺎﭘ ﺎﺑ بﺮﺳ و مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ فﺬﺣ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ رد ﺶﻧارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ودرﻻ
رد بﺮﺳ و مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ،ﻪﺳﺎﻣ ppmﺖﻈﻠﻏ
20 ار
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ 50 زا ﺶﻴﺑ و 90
% شراﺰﮔ ﺪﻧداد ) 33 .(
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد
ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺎﺑ بﺮﺳ و مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ فﺬﺣ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﺳﺎﻣ
يا ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ياﺮﺑ
10 ppm ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ،بﺮﺳ و مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ 2
/ 66 و 7 / 46
% هدﻮﺑ
ﺖﺳا ) لﺎﻜﺷا 5 و 4 (.
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﻦﻓﻮﻴﻫ ﺰﻴﻧ
و بﺮﺳ فﺬﺣ
ار هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ ﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣ
ﻲ ﺮﻗ را هداد ﺪﻧا . ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ نآ ﺎﻫ نﺎﺸﻧ
فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ،داﻮﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ داد 99
% مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ و بﺮﺳ ياﺮﺑ
ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺪﻧا ) 34 .(
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﺎﻣا ﺮﺿﺎﺣ
فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﺮﺜﻛاﺪﺣ
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ياﺮﺑ 1 ppm
/ 0 ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ و بﺮﺳ 79
و 5
/ 37
% ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ .
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ رد نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و گﺮﺒﻟﺎﻫ ﻲﻓﺮﻃ زا
ﻳاﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ تاﺰﻠﻓ فﺬﺣ ﻨ
بﺬﺟ ﺪ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
ﺳر ﺪﻧﺪﻴ ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ﻪﻛ فﺬﺣ
90 % دﻮﺧ زا ار مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ
هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﺳا
) 35 .(
تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ
هداد ﺪﻧا ﻪﻛ
ﻲﻨﺷ ﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ 5
/ 3 ﺎﺗ 8
% و مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ ياﺮﺑ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار 2
/ 1 ﺎﺗ
17 % رد ﺎﻣا ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد بﺮﺳ ياﺮﺑ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﻦﻳا
ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ
نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﻪﺑ ﺎﻣ 23
ﺎﺗ 68 % و مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ ياﺮﺑ 8
/ 51 ﺎﺗ 79 % ياﺮﺑ
بﺮﺳ ﺳر ﻢﻳﺪﻴ . ﻪﭼﺮﮔا فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار نﻮﺘﻣ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ 80
ﺎﺗ 90
%
سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺎﻣا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺋز ﺎﺑ ار بﺮﺳ فﺬﺣ ياﺮﺑ نﺎﻳﺮﺗﺎﭼﺎﺧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻞﺜﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ رد ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺋز تﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ 6 / 41 % ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ .
سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا رد ﺖﻈﻠﻏ
ﺎﻫ ي
هﺪﺷدﺎﻳ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺋز ﻂﺳﻮﺗ بﺮﺳ
6 / 52 % ﺎﺗ 8 / 59 %
هدﻮﺑ ﺖﺳا ) 36 .(
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻦﻴ لﺎﺳ رد ﺶﻧارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و آوو 2014
فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار 92
% رﻮﻔﻟﻮﺳ هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ بﺮﺳ فﺬﺣ ياﺮﺑ
نﺎﻴﺑ دﻮﺧ رﺎﻛ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ رد ار هﺪﺷ ﻲﻳادز هدﻮﻤﻧ
ﺪﻧا ﺎﻣ رﺎﻛ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﻣا
فﺬﺣ ﺮﺜﻛاﺪﺣ 5
/ 68 % هداد نﺎﺸﻧ دﻮﺧ زا ار ﺖﺳا
) 37 .(
ﻞﻜﺷ 5 و 4 ﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار بﺮﺳ فﺬ
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻪﺳ رد مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ و
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ 1 / 0 ، 1 ppm و 10 تروﺪﻛ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ و بﺮﺳ
NTU دوﺪﺣ 13 ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﺳ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺳﺎﻣ
يا و هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ،
نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز ﻣ
ﻲ ﺪﻫد . ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳا رد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﻫ ي
ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ هﺪﺷ ﺲﭙﺳ و طﻮﻠﺨﻣ رﺪﻛ بآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ تاﺰﻠﻓ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ دراو .
رد ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا
رﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﺳ ياﺮﺑ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رد 1ppm
/ 0 ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ بﺮﺳ 9
/ 72
% ، 3 / 76 % و 8 / 45 %
ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد هﺪﻣآ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ياﺮﺑ و ﺖﺳا ppm 1
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ 2
/ 51
% ،
3 / 57 % و 8 / 59 % ﺖﺳا . ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رد ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ 10 ppm
بﺮﺳ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار 7
/ 46
%
، 2 / 50 % و 2 / 54 % ﻪﺳ ياﺮﺑ
رﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ا
ﺖﺳ . رد رﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﺳ ياﺮﺑ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ 1ppm
/ 0 ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ مﻮﻴﻣدﺎﻛ 2
/ 26
% ، 3 / 33 % و 9 / 61 %
و ﺖﺳا ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ياﺮﺑ 1ppm
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ 5 / 34
% ، 2 / 42 % و 9 / 36 %
ﺖﺳا . ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رد ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ 10ppm
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار
2 / 66
% ، 9 / 65 % و 5 / 64 % ﺖﺳا .
ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ود رد ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺳﺎﻣ
يا و هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ا ي ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ،
ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺶﻫﺎﻛ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ،بﺮﺳ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ .
ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز ﺮﺘﺴﺑ
ﺰﻴﻧ يرﺎﺘﻓر ﻏ ﻴ لﻮﻤﻌﻣﺮ نﺎﺸﻧ دﻮﺧ زا ار هداد
ﺪﻧا ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ي ﻪﻛ رد
ppm ﺖﻈﻠﻏ 1 / 0 نﺎﻣﺪﻧار 8 / 45
% ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رد و هدﻮﺑ 1 ppm
ﻪﺑ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار بﺮﺳ 8
/ 59
% ﺖﺳا هﺪﻴﺳر .
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رد ًادﺪﺠﻣ ﺎﻣا
10ppm ﻪﺑ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار 2
/ 54
% ﺖﺳا هﺪﻴﺳر .
يﺎﻫرﺎﻛ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺐﺒﺳ تروﺪﻛ و ﻲﻟآ داﻮﻣ رﻮﻀﺣ ﻪﻛ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻠﺒﻗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ تاﺰﻠﻓ فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ
ﻣ ﻲ دﻮﺷ ) 38 .(
بﺬﺟ
حﻮﻄﺳ يور ﻪﺑ تاﺰﻠﻓ ﻪﺳﺎﻣ
يا ﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ ﻲﻨﺷ و ﻪﺑ
ترﻮﺻ بﺬﺟ
ﻏ ﻴ ﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧاﺮ ﻲ حﻮﻄﺳ يور ﻲﻔﻨﻣ لﺎﻌﻓ يﺎﻫوﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻚﻴﺗﺎﺘﺳاوﺮﺘﻜﻟا
نآ ﺖﺳﺎﻫ هدﻮﺒﻧ يﻮﻗ دﺎﻳز ﻪﻛ ﻒﻴﻌﺿ بﺬﺟ ﺐﺒﺳ اﺬﻟ و
ﻣ ﻲ دﻮﺷ . يﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣدرﻮﻣ
فﺬﺣ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار راﺪﻘﻣ ،رﺪﻛ بآ رد
ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ دﻮﺧ زا تروﺪﻛ نوﺪﺑ بآ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد ار يﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا يدورو تروﺪﻛ ﺮﺛا زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ يدوﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﺮﻣا ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ اﺬﻟ و هﺪﻧﺎﺷﻮﭘ ار ﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ يور بﺬﺟﺮﺑ
ﻻآ ﻳ هﺪﻨ ﺎﻫ ﻦﻳا يور و ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ ﺮﺛا ﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ
زا ﺖﻴﺻﺎﺧ ﻲﻓﺮﻃ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﺨﺘﻧا بﺬﺟ
ﺖﺳا هداد ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ار تاﺰﻠﻓ .
ﻤﻧر ﻦ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ رد
فﺬﺣ ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ دﻮﺧ 53
ﺎﺗ 83
ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﺎﻣا دراد ار بﻼﺿﺎﻓ زا بﺮﺳ يﺪﺻرد ﻪﺳﺎﻣ
يا نﺎﻣﺪﻧار
ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻲﻤﻛ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺖﺳا
) 39 (.
نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﻪﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا رد ﺰﻴﻧ ﺎﻣ
50 ﺎﺗ 76 % بﺮﺳ فﺬﺣ هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ
ﺳر ﻴ هﺪ اﻳ ﻢ .
عﻮﻤﺠﻣرد ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
و هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ
يﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﻲﺘﻴﻟﻮﺋز ﻪﺳﺎﻣ
يا رد لﻮﻤﻌﻣ
يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻠﻴﻓ نﺎﺸﻧ دﻮﺧ زا ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻨﺷ
هداد ﺪﻧا
، فﺬﺣ ﺖﻬﺟ اﺬﻟ
ﻲﺑآ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ زا تاﺰﻠﻓ ﻣ
ﻲ ناﻮﺗ ار ﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ عﻮﻧ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ
ﺎﺟ ي ﻪﺳﺎﻣ ﺎﻫ ي
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا لﻮﻤﻌﻣ دﻮﻤﻧ
. ﺎﺠﻧآزا ﻲﻳ ﻪﻛ زا يرﺎﻴﺴﺑ هرﺎﺑﺮﺳ هرﻮﻛ
ﺎﻫ ي
ﺪﻨﻠﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا نوﺪﺑ ﺖﺳا
اﺬﻟ ﻣ ﻲ ناﻮﺗ دﺪﺠﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﺤﺗ
زا سﺮﺘﺳد رد و نازرا داﻮﻣ زا نآ
ﺎﻫ دﻮﻤﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
ﻲﻧادرﺪﻗ و ﺮﻜﺸﺗ
هرﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ بﻮﺼﻣ ﻲﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ حﺮﻃ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳا 191142
و ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﻲﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻛ مﺮﺘﺤﻣ ﺖﻧوﺎﻌﻣ
ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ .
نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ
مزﻻ دﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻣ
ﻲ ﺪﻨﻧاد زا ار دﻮﺧ سﺎﭙﺳ و ﻲﻧادرﺪﻗ ﺐﺗاﺮﻣ
ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﻦﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
و نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ يﺎﻗآ مﺎﺠﻧا رد ار يرﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳاﺪﻓ سﺪﻨﻬﻣ
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا مﻼﻋا ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد لوﺬﺒﻣ
ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ .
References
1- Ashrafi F, Babanejad S, Bayani M, Norozi M. Remove Of The Heavy Metals From Their Solutions By Mineral Zeolite. Peike Noor Jornal Science 2008; 2(1): 94-102.
2- Singh A, Sharma RK, Agrawal M, Marshall FM. Health risk assessment of heavy metals via dietary intakeof foodstuffs from the wastewater irrigated site of a dry tropical area of India. Food and Chemical Toxicology 2010; 48(2): 611-9.
3- Eloussaief M, Benzina M. Efficiency of natural and acid-activated clays in the removal of Pb (II) from aqueous solutions. Journal of hazardous materials 2010; 178(1): 753-7.
4- Saeed A, Iqbal M, Akhtar MW. Removal and recovery of lead (II) from single and multimetal (Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn) solutions by crop milling waste (black gram husk). Journal of Hazardous Materials 2005; 117:
173-65.
5- Bawaskar HS, Bawaskar PH, Bawaskar PH. Chronic renal failure associated with heavy metal contamination of drinking water: A clinical report from a small village in Maharashtra. Clinical Toxicology 2010; 48(7): 768-768.
6- Von Ehrenstein OS, Guha Mazumder DN, Hira-Smith M, Ghosh N, Yuan Y, Windham G, et al.
Pregnancy outcomes, infant mortality, and arsenic in drinking water in west Bengal, India. American Journal of Epidemiology 2006; 163(7): 662-69.
7- Holmstrup M, Sørensen JG, Overgaard J, Bayley M, Bindesbøl AM, Slotsbo S, et al. Body metal concentrations and glycogen reserves in earthworms (Dendrobaena octaedra) from contaminated and uncontaminated forest soil. Environmental Pollution 2011; 159(1): 190-7.
8- Medeiros RJ, dos Santos LMG, Freire AS, Santelli RE, Braga AMC, Krauss TM, et al. Determination of inorganic trace elements in edible marine fish from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Food Control 2012;
23(2): 535-41.
9- Sivakumar M, Ramezanianpour M, O’Halloran G. Mine water treatment using a vacuum membrane distillation system. APCBEE Procedia 2013; 5: 157-62.
10- Mahdavi S., Jalali M., & Afkhami A. Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions using Fe3O4, ZnO, and CuO nanoparticles. In Nanotechnology for Sustainable Development. Springer International Publishing; 2014: 171-188.
11- AlOthman ZA, Alam MM, Naushad M. Heavy toxic metal ion exchange kinetics: Validation of ion exchange process on composite cation exchanger nylon 6, 6 Zr (IV) phosphate. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2013; 19(3): 956-60.
12- Qdais HA, Moussa H. Removal of heavy metals from wastewater by membrane processes: a comparative study. Desalination 2004; 164(2): 105-10.
13- Gupta VK, Carrott PJM, Ribeiro Carrott MML, & Suhas. Low-cost adsorbents: growing approach to wastewater treatment—a review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 2009;
39(10): 783-842.
14- Li YH, Wang S, Wei J, Zhang X, Xu C, Luan Z, et al. Lead adsorption on carbon nanotubes.
Chemical Physics Letters 2002; 357(3): 263-6.
15- Biniak S, Pakula M, Szymanski G, Swiatkowski A. Effect of activated carbon surface oxygen-and/or nitrogen-containing groups on adsorption of copper (II) ions from aqueous solution. Langmuir 1999;
15(18): 6117–122
16- Di Z-C, Ding J, Peng X-J, Li Y-H, Luan Z-K, Liang J. Chromium adsorption by aligned carbon nanotubes supported ceria nanoparticles. Chemosphere 2006; 62(5): 861-5.
17- Lu C, Liu C. Removal of nickel (II) from aqueous solution by carbon nanotubes. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 2006; 81(12): 1932-40.
18- Tao H-C, Zhang L-J, Gao Z-Y, Wu W-M. Copper reduction in a pilot-scale membrane-free bioelectrochemical reactor. Bioresource technology 2011; 102(22): 10334-9.
19- Muhammad N, Parr J, Smith MD, & Wheatley AD. Removal of heavy metals by slow sand filtration.
In WEDC Conference, Water, Engineering and Development Centre 1997; 23: 167-70.
20- Ruggieri F, Marín V, Gimeno D, Fernandez-Turiel J, García-Valles M, Gutierrez L. Application of zeolitic volcanic rocks for arsenic removal from water. Engineering Geology 2008; 101(3): 245-50.
21- Genc-Fuhrman H, Mikkelsen P.S, Ledin A. Simultaneous removal of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn from stormwater: experimental comparison of 11 different sorbents, Water Research 2007; 41: 591–602.
22- Rios CA, Williams CD, Roberts CL. Removal of heavy metals from acid mine drainage (AMD) using coal fly ash, natural clinker and synthetic zeolites. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2008; 156: 23–35.
23- Wu P, and Zhou YS. Simultaneous removal of coexistent heavy metals from simulated urban stormwater using four sorbents: a porous iron sorbent and its mixtures with zeolite and crystal gravel.
Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009; 168: 674–80.
24- Erdem E, Karapinar N, Donat R. The removal of heavy metal cations by natural zeolites. Journal of colloid and interface science 2004; 280(2): 309-14.
25- Apak R, Tütem E, Hügül M, Hizal J. Heavy metal cation retention by unconventional sorbents (red muds and fly ashes). Water Research 1998; 32(2): 430-40.
26- Dimitrova S. Metal sorption on blast-furnace slag. Water Research 1996; 30(1): 228-32
27- Feng D, van Deventer JSJ, Aldrich C. Removal of pollutants from acid mine wastewater using metallurgical by-product slags. Separation and purification technology2004: 40(1): 61–67.
28- Westholm LJ, Repo E, & Sillanpää M. Filter materials for metal removal from mine drainage—a review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2014; 21(15): 9109-128.
29- Westholm LJ. The use of blast furnace slag for removal of phosphorus from wastewater in Sweden—
A review. Water 2010; 2(4): 826-837.
30- Mahlangu TO, Mpenyana-Monyatsi L, Mamba BB, & Momba MNB. A simplified cost-effective biosand filter (BSFZ) for removal of chemical contaminants from water. Journal of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science 2011; 2(10): 156-67.
31- Tanner SA, and Ongerth JE. Evaluation of slow sand filters in northern Idaho. Journal of American Water Works Association 1990; 82(12): 51-61.
32- Erdem E, Karapinar N, Donat R. The removal of heavy metal cations by natural zeolites. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 2004; 280: 309–14.
33- Pappalardo L, Jumean F, Abdo N. Removal of Cadmium, Copper, Lead and Nickel from Aqueous Solution by White, Yellow and Red United Arab Emirates Sand. American Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010; 6(1): 41-4.
34- Huifen Y, Wen M, Weina Z, & Zhiyong W. Steel slag as multi-functional material for removal of heavy metal ions in wastewater. In Computer Distributed Control and Intelligent Environmental Monitoring (CDCIEM). International Conference on IEEE, Civil & Environ. Eng. Sch., Univ. of Sci. &
Technol. Beijing, China 2011; 1287-90.
35- Hallberg M, Renman G. Removal of heavy metals from road runoff by filtration in granular slag columns. 11th International Conference on Urban Drainage. Edinburgh, Scotland2008; 100-106.
36- Khachatryan Sh. V. Heavy Metal Adsorption By Armenian Natural Zeolit From Natural Aqueous Solutions. Chemistry and Biology 2014; 2: 31–5.
37- Wua Q, You R, Clark M, Yu Y. Pb(II) removal from aqueous solution by a low-cost adsorbent dry desulfurization slag. Applied Surface Science 2014; 314: 129–37.
38- Berggren Kleja D, Gustafsson J.P. Metallavskiljning från deponilakvatten och dagvatten med mineralbaserade filtermaterial, Slutrapport MinBas (In Swedish). 2005.
39- Renman A, Renman G, Gustafsson J.P, Hylander L. Metal removal by bed filter materials used in domestic wastewater treatment. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009; 166: 734–39.
Comparison between Removal Efficiency of Slag, zeolite, and Conventional media in slow sand Filter for Removal of Lead and Cadmium from Water Resources
Ebrahimi A(PhD)1, Mahdavi M(PhD student)2, Khodarahmi M(BS)3 ,Rahmati E(BS)4, Abdolahnejad A(PhD student)5
1. Associate professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering and Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2.PhD student in Department of Environmental Health Engineering and Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
3.BS in Department of Environmental Health Engineering and Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
4. Corresponding Author: BS in Environmental Health Engineering, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
5.PhD student in Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Abstract
Introduction: Heavy metals owing to their health hazards and high toxicity in low concentration for human and environment have very concern and attention. Slow sand filter is one of the simple and cost-effective for removal of these pollutants. In this method, media play an important role for removal of pollutant. Therefore, the aim of this study was investigation of different media like slag, zeolite, and conventional media in slow sand filter for removal of lead and cadmium.
Methods: In this research there are three beds filter include typical filter bed, slag and zeolite that used in pilot plant for investigation of lead and cadmium removal at three concentration of 0.1T 1 and 10 ppm. Each of filters has an internal diameter of 8 cm and a height of 120 cm with Plexiglas, which have a continuous flow operation.
Results: The removal efficiency of turbidity by three typical filter bed, slag, and zeolite with initial turbidity of 13 NTU was 46%, 77%, and 89% respectively. Removal efficiency of lead without turbidity was 70.3%, 79%, and 59.8% respectively for 0.1 ppm lead. For 1 ppm, concentration of lead removal efficiency was 51.8%, 52.7% and 52.6% respectively and for 10 ppm it was 53.4%, 57.8%, and 59.8% respectively. Cadmium removal for these media was 23.4%, 37.5%, and 59.4% respectively at 0.1 ppm cadmium. At 1 ppm of cadmium concentration, it was 37.9%, 45% and 41.3% respectively and at 10 ppm concentration of cadmium it was 68.3%, 68.6% and 67% respectively.
Conclusion: Slag and zeolite beds are more efficiently than the conventional sand beds in the slow sand filter, so it can be used instead of the usual sand for removing lead and cadmium from resources water.
Keywords: slow sand filter, lead, cadmium, water treatment, slag bed. Zeolite bed
