Scientific project 1 has 3 credit hours and must be carried out in the first semester of the final year. Scientific project 2 has 6 credit hours and must be carried out in the second semester of the final year.
SCIENTIFIC PROJECT MANAGEMENT
- IDENTIFICATION AND ALLOCATION OF PROJECTS
- PLANNING, EXECUTING AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT
- ACADEMIC STAFF PROGRAMME RESEARCH FOCUS
- CHANGE OF PROJECT TITLE/ SUPERVISOR
- RESPONSIBILITIES AND ROLE OF THE SUPERVISOR
- RESPONSIBILITIES AND ROLE OF THE STUDENT
- SCIENTIFIC PROJECT DOCUMENTATION – LOGBOOK
- SUBMISSION
- SCIENTIFIC PROJECT CALENDAR
- Local Field Research
- Laboratory Research
A supervisor is an academic staff to whom the students are assigned and responsible for guiding the students with the scientific project. If the supervisor has problems or issues with their student's performance, he/she must communicate and discuss this with the scientific project coordinator.
TYPE OF RESEARCH PROJECTS
- INTRODUCTION
- PRIMARY RESEARCH
- SECONDARY RESEARCH
- EXAMPLES OF SCIENTIFIC PROJECT
For this type of research, secondary data can be collected from online databases, industries/institutions, publications or experts. Heavy metals concentration in surface sediment and sediment core (50 cm depths) at selected mangrove area of Tuaran district.
LITERATURE RESEARCH
UNDERSTANDING THE TERMINOLOGY LITERATURE
These reading materials are often entertaining because they do not require serious focus and mental analysis. Of course, doing what you want and what you need is a completely different feeling. Now add to that the focus and comprehension factors that need to be included in the reading process, life just got harder, didn't it.
LITERATURE RESEARCH
Although it may not necessarily be true, it is generally believed that the quality of a journal increased from non-indexed to indexed, peaking at a journal with a higher impact factor. While it is unfair to say that the quality of the literature in the Proceedings is low, it should be understood that its level of peer review is somewhat lenient.
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
WHAT IS A RESEARCH PROPOSAL?
- Writing a Title
A good research proposal helps to transform your ideas into objective, clear and focused statements, so that you can know the scope of your research, your motivation, your research objectives and the methodology to achieve it, and finally your hypothesis (which is preliminary and preliminary explanation(s) that you think you will discover in your research on population declines in soil microbial diversity after logging, road construction, and forest replanting project in a logged forest deep inland 5.2 HOW MUCH SHOULD I WRITE IN A RESEARCH PROPOSAL .
WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF A RESEARCH PROPOSAL?
- Writing Introduction
- Writing Literature Review
- Writing Research Objectives
- Writing Justification
- Writing Methodology
- Writing Expected Result and Gantt Chart
Determining the number of objectives depends primarily on what your research questions are. It could be written in the form of research questions (e.g., what impact does...), hypotheses, or purposeful sentences (e.g., this research aims to investigate...).
FURTHER READING
SAMPLING DESIGN IN ENVIRONMENTAL
RESEARCH
- WHAT IS SAMPLING?
- WHAT IS DATA?
- Simple Random
- Systematic Random
- TYPE OF RANDOM SAMPLING
- Stratified Random
- Cluster Random
- EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
- WHAT IS SAMPLING DESIGN? WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
- Organizing a Survey
In addition, the series of standard solutions is important to create a standard curve to represent the competence of the instrument. Explain the purpose of the survey and provide any additional help the respondent needs. 7.1 DESIGNING A QUESTIONNAIRE.
QUESTIONNAIRE
- Questions in Questionnaire
- Administration of the Questionnaire
- How do I Know if I am Ready?
- Starting a Questionnaire
- Ending a Questionnaire
- Final Word
- Cover Letter
- Steps for Questionnaire Design 1. Select the information needed
- HOW TO START A QUESTIONNAIRE
- Physical Appearance of Questionnaire
- Types of Questions
- Scale of Questionnaire a) Force Choice
- Pilot Study
- Ways to Ask Questions
- Using Secondary Data Inferior to Primary Data?
The independent factors are the participants' education, background or experiences about climate change. Also, the structure of the question must be consistent when the same type of questions is used. It is important to arrange the questions so that they get the most information from the participant.
SECONDARY DATA
SOURCES FOR RESEARCH
- INTRODUCTION
- WHAT IS SECONDARY DATA?
- What is not Secondary Data?
- Sources of Secondary Data
- Where to Begin?
- WHY DO WE USE SECONDARY DATA?
- ADVANTAGES OF USING SECONDARY DATA
- DISADVANTAGES OF USING SECONDARY DATA
It helps in planning the collection of primary data to ensure that the data collected is comparable with the secondary data. More readily available (can be obtained from public sources) - secondary data readily available either online or manually. Typically researchers will use field-observed data as a control or comparison to maintain and ensure the quality of secondary data.
STATISTICS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
INTRODUCTION
Normal distribution table (can find it from any statistics textbook) is used as reference to find the critical value of alpha (α). The null hypothesis, (H0) is a statistical hypothesis that says that there is no difference between a parameter and a specific value, or that there is no difference between two parameters. The alternative hypothesis, (Ha) is a statistical hypothesis that states the existence of a difference between a parameter and a specific value, or states that there is a difference between two parameters.
SIGNIFICANT IN STATISTIC
- Descriptive Statistics
- Inferential Statistics
- Range
- Mean
Descriptive statistics is the branch of statistics concerned with the description of a set of measurements, both samples and populations. When people talk about taking an average, it is the meaning they are most often referring to. The mean of a data set is the sum of the observations divided by the number of observations.
BASIC INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
- Variance
- Standard Deviation (SD)
- Student T-Test for Two Population Mean (used table t-distribution)
Variance is the mean of the squares of the distance each value is from the mean. For a data set with a large amount of variation, the observations will on average be far from the mean; so the standard deviation will be large. For a data set with a small amount of variation, the observations will on average be close to the mean; therefore, the standard deviation will be small.
The critical value(s) are
State the conclusion in words
- Paired T-Test for Two Population Mean (used table t-distribution)
Calculate the paired differences of the sample pairs
State the conclusion in words
Regression is a statistical method used to describe the nature of the relationship between variables, i.e. positive or negative, linear or non-linear. If the value of the correlation coefficient is significant, the next step is to determine the equation of the regression line, which is the best-fitting data line. In multiple regressions, the strength of the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable is measured by a correlation coefficient.
Hypothesis
The distribution of Zn and Cu refers to the significant difference between sampling 1 and 2. i) T-Test for the mean of the two populations.
Decided on the significant level, α = 0.05
Thus, the same size mollusk in this case study will determine the efficiency of accumulation of Zn and Cu by mollusk in specific size. Ho: There is no significant different Zn concentration in mollusk (<5cm length) between sampling 1 and 2. Ha: There is a significant difference in Zn concentration in molluscs (<5cm length) between sampling 1 and 2.
Calculated the different between pairs
To determine the relationship between Zn and Cu in mollusk tissue We want to find out the relationship of influencing each element in mollusk which is Zn
Correlation coefficient (r)
- Scientific Project Proposal
- Scientific Project Final Report
- SCIENTIFIC PROJECT REPORT OUTLINE
Project proposal and final report writing must follow the format set by the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Natural Resources (FSSA), where students must refer to "Panduan Penulisan Dissertasi". By the end of the first semester, each student is required to submit two (2) copies of their project proposals to be evaluated. Students must submit two (2) copies of their final report at the end of the second semester to be evaluated.
SCIENTIFIC PROJECT REPORT
General Tips
Scientific reports should be comprehensive and repetition should be avoided. b) Write in third person sentence structure. The report must be written using the third person, and all activities must be described in the past tense (except future activities outlined in the proposal report). From this study, if someone is interested in venturing into oil palm as a source of income, he or she could plan to purchase a suitable land size and the area that could achieve maximum earnings from the oil palm yield" change to third person sentence " From this study , in oil palm venture it is found that land size and land area the important factors that can maximize the income of oil palm.
REPORT FORMAT
- Chapter Content
- Text Format a) Page Formatting
Research Procedures: A detailed description of the steps taken in conducting the research should be given. All material placed in appendices should be cited in the text of the report. All figures must have a title and must be placed at the bottom of the figure.
PLAGIARISM
Refer to Appendix H. Plagiarism is the act of using someone else's ideas or words without acknowledgment. Accidental plagiarism occurs when a student draws phrases or words from someone else's research writings and presents them as their own work without providing a full source citation. It is a breach of academic integrity to submit work that is not their own or to use parts of another student's work.
ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES
- MARKING SCHEME
- Oral Presentation
- ORAL PRESENTAION GUIDELINES
- Design Tips
- Content of Presentation
- Presentation Style
- Questions and Answers Session
- When can I start to find a scientific project title?
- When can I start doing my scientific project?
- Can I write my thesis in English?
- Where can I buy Panduan Penulisan Disertasi FSSA book?
- Must my proposal / viva presentation be in English?
- What must I present during my proposal / viva-voce presentations?
- How do I know who my examiner is?
- What are the marking criteria for scientific project?
- Who should I contact if I'm having problems with my scientific project?
The assessment of the scientific project work will be based on the proposal / viva-voce presentation, report writing and supervision. It gives the student the opportunity to defend the objectives, research analysis, findings and conclusions of the project. Try to communicate fluently and answer basic/fundamental questions within the areas/scope of the project.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQs)
- How do I select a supervisor?
- Can I select the supervisor of my choice?
- Can I change my supervisor and/or title?
- What should I do next once I have a supervisor confirmed for my project?
- How often do I need to have discussions with my supervisor?
- What is the word count for a scientific written report?
- Should I get permission to use laboratories equipment and instruments?
- Can I make a scientific project during the semester break?
- Can I do laboratory work at night and weekends?
- What should I do if I want to get raw / secondary data from an outside organization?
- What further action is needed after I make a correction?
- What is the deadline for my written report?
- Where do I submit my written report?
- Can I submit the final written report for assessment in soft copy?
- How many copies of my hard cover thesis do I need to submit?
- When is the deadline for the submission of the hard cover copies of my thesis?
- What are the consequences if I fail to submit my scientific project to the FSSA Office by Week 13?
- Can I apply for an extension?
- Can I present the proposal / viva before sending the written report for assessment?
You can only start your scientific project after you have registered scientific Project 1 in Semester 1. The Scientific Project Committee within the program does not encourage a change of supervisor and/or title. You must request extensions through your supervisor, who will liaise with the Scientific Project Coordinator.
I agree/disagree* to mentor this student on a project titled:.
APPENDIX A
MAKLUMAT PELAJAR Student Details
APPENDIX B
SENARAI SEMAK DAN PENYATA SERAH LAPORAN AKHIR. Saya telah memastikan bahawa format penulisan laporan akhir saya adalah mengikut Manual Penulisan Disertasi Fakulti Sains Semula Jadi dan Sumber Asli (FSSA). Saya telah menghasilkan sekurang-kurangnya tiga salinan cetak laporan akhir saya mengikut format yang ditetapkan oleh Buku Panduan Penulisan Disertasi Fakulti Sains dan Sumber Asli (FSSA).
APPENDIX C
APPENDIX E
37 4.2 Comparison of the measured pH parameters for each station. 44 4.3 Comparison of the measured pH parameters in each station.
APPENDIX F
APPENDIX G
APPENDIX H
Format, ejaan dan bahasa (Adakah ia mematuhi format FSSA, dengan ejaan dan tatabahasa yang betul?). ii) Struktur teks (Adakah ia teratur, mudah difahami dan adakah terdapat kesinambungan dengan bahagian lain?). Pengenalan (Adakah ia memberikan bukti yang jelas dan mencukupi tentang penyelidikan yang telah dan akan dijalankan? Rasional penyelidikan?). ii) Semakan perpustakaan (Adakah ia mencukupi dan sesuai berkaitan dengan tajuk kajian?).
APPENDIX J
Are the research question and literature review clearly stated?) / 3. Are the goals clearly defined and achievable?) / 3. Are the description, flow chart, Gantt chart and milestone clearly stated?) / 5 (v) Communication skills . Correct use of language grammar and intonation, body language etc?) / 3 (vi) Question and answer skills.
APPENDIX K
Aliran Teks (Adakah ia teratur, mudah difahami dan mempunyai kesinambungan dengan perenggan lain?). iii) Ilustrasi (Adakah gambar rajah, foto, jadual, graf dan sebagainya cukup jelas dan relevan). Pengenalan / Kajian literatur / Metodologi (Adakah ia mencukupi, jelas dan relevan). ii) Keputusan dan Analisis (Adakah ia mencukupi, sesuai, tepat dan adakah ia menepati objektif kajian?). Adakah calon berjaya menghuraikan/merumuskan keputusannya?). iii) Perbincangan (Adakah keputusan dibincangkan secara saintifik dan disertakan dengan sokongan rujukan yang berkaitan?.
APPENDIX L
Format, spelling and language (Does it comply with FSSA's format; with correct spelling and is it grammatically correct?). ii) Susunan Text (Adakah ia teratur, mudah indamabu dan ada kesinambungan dengan perenggan lain). Has this candidate spent the equivalent of 6 credit hours carrying out Project 2 in this semester?). Has this candidate demonstrated significant / normal / mild / no intellectual progress in his or her research niche?).
APPENDIX M
Are the research question and the literature review clearly formulated?) / 3. Are the objectives clearly defined and achieved?) / 3. Is the description clear and of an acceptable level?) / 5.
APPENDIX N
