v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL ……… i
CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY ………... ii
ABSTRACT ………. iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ……….. iv
TABLE OF CONTENT ……….. v
LIST OF FIGURES ……… vii
LIST OF TABLES ……….. ix
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ………... 1.1 Background of Study ……… 1.2 Problem Statement ………...………. 1.3 Objective ……….………..…… 1.4 Scope of Study ………..……… 1 1 4 4 4 CHAPTER 2: THEORY AND LITERATURE REVIEW ………... 2.1 Principle of Operation ………...………..…….. 2.2 Laser Emission and Absorption ……… 2.3 Properties of Laser Beam ………..….... 2.4 Types of Laser …………...………..….. 2.5 Factors Affecting Light Extinction ……….…..…… 2.6 Light Scattering ………... 2.7 Laser Safety ……….….. 5 5 8 9 12 13 14 16 CHAPTER 3: PROJECT PLAN …………..……….. 18 CHAPTER 4 DESIGN ………...
4.1 Selection Process ………..…….
4.2 Laser Source ………..………
4.3 Light Intensity Power Meter ………...…..…
4.4 Lens Holder ………...…..
22 22 26 27 28
vi
4.5 Platform ………....
4.6 Data Acquisition System ……….……..
4.7 Costing ………..………
29 29 30 CHAPTER 5: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ………...……
5.1 Initial Conditions of Light Intensity Power Meter ….……...
5.2 Experiment with Hexane Solution ………..…...
5.3 Experiment with Water Spray ………...……..
32 32 33 37 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS……… 42 REFERENCES ……… 44 APPENDIX I: PROCEDURE FOR SETTING THE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM 46 APPENDIX II: PROCEDURE FOR THE EXPERIMENT WITH HEXANE ……. 48 APPENDIX III: PROCEDURE FOR THE EXPERIMENT WITH WATER
SPRAY ……….... 49
