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ฟงกชันหลายตัวแปร 1

2301116 ก II ก !"

ก !" 2

#

ก !"

#$%&'(

$) *'$*

$& *

&

! & %+

&ก !"

*, f:D %&+ D ' n %"- !% .&!ก#$

% ก !! f %"-ก n !"

ก/ n = 2 % &%& ก (x, y)

ก/ n = 3 % &%& ก (x, y, z)

#$!0"% ก $ก#$*, $ ก %

f(x) = x2 f(x, y) = x2 + y2 f(x, y, z) = x3 + xy - z2

n

n=ℝ×ℝ×⋯×ℝ

n

#$%&'(

*ก &ก 1, #0&'#$%& *,ก $! #$%&+%2 *3

$ก !/ %"-0"0$,

f:D %&+ D ' u = f(x1,x2,...,xn) % %ก x1,x2,...,xn

! !"''%ก u! !" &

1. #$%&'(ก f(x, y) = x/y

2. ก $*, #$%&'(ก f (,&$ / %!/#$%&

fx , y=

255 x2y2

n

(2)

ก !" 5

ก ก !"

f:D %&+ D % %ก 0$,*'ก(ก$4 ก*")&

&& #$ z = f(x, y) % f(x, y) = 8 – 2xy.

2

ก !" 6

ก ก ก !"

ก ก !"f x , y=x23 y2ex

2y2

ก !" 7

*, P(x0, y0) %"-$*")&&

*, (x, y) %"-$ % &'' '! $ (x, y) 0"$ (x0, y0) !

%2 ก&%"5$26&$7ก A(a, b) '&7& r + B(A; r) =

% ก !! A %"-$) * S ก. %&+&%2 ก&%"5$ B(A; r) 26%"-

%2 S

% ก !! A %"-$ S ก. %&+ ก %2 ก&%"5$ B(A; r)

&$ ,6$* S '& ,6$0&* S

$) *'$

∥x , yx0,y0∥=

xx02yy02

{x , y∈ℝ2:∥x , ya , b∥r}

ก !" 8

% ก !! A %"-$& S ก. %&+ ก%2 ก&%"5$ B(A; r),

1. ( / ! $ 0"8%"-$) * $+$& %2

(0, 0)

(2, 2)

(1, 2)

$&

BA ; r{A}S≠∅

S={x , y: 1x2, 1y2}

(3)

ก !" 9

*, f %"-ก ก D 0" #$ D & S

*, (x0, y0) %"-$& S % ก !! f(x, y) && %"- ! L %&+

(x, y) %, *ก, (x0, y0) %2 S

ก. %&+ ' ε > 0 ก $*,'& δ > 0 26 *,

| f(x, y) – L | < ε ก 9 (x, y) * S 26 ||(x, y) – (x0, y0)|| < δ

*ก/ S % ก D % %%(

& & 4.2.1

lim

x , y x0,y0 on S

fx , y=L

lim

x , y x0,y0

f x , y=L

ก !" 10

L ( )

ε (x,y)

f

D

(a,b)

! && &

1, ,! ก S 26%"-%2 #$%& D

' (x0, y0) %"-$& S % 0$,!

$81, % (! &%2 S1 ' S2 #$%& f 26*, & ก,!

f(x, y) ,0&&& $$ก ! 1. $! & 0"80&&

,%ก & &

lim

x , y x0,y0 on S

f x , y=L lim

x , y x0,y0 fx , y=L

lim

x , y 0, 0

x2y2

x2y2, lim

x , y0, 0

x y

x2y2, lim

x , y 0, 0

x y2 x2y4

*, f ' g %"-ก ก D 0" *")&& ' (x0, y0) %"-$

& D '*, c %"- !*$ 9 '0$,!

1, f(x, y) = c(x, y) *#$%& D ,!

1, f(x, y) = x(x, y) *#$%& D ,!

1, f(x, y) = y(x, y) *#$%& D ,!

:;< 4.2.1

lim

x , y x0,y0 f x , y=y0

lim

x , y x0,y0

f x , y=c

lim

x , y x0,y0 fx , y=x0

(4)

ก !" 13

*, ' '0$,!

:;< 4.2.1 ( )

lim

x , y x0,y0

f x , y=A lim

x , y x0,y0 fx , ygx , y=AB lim

x , y x0,y0

fx , ygx , y=AB lim

x , y x0,y0 fx , y×gx , y=A B lim

x , y x0,y0

fx , y gx , y=A

B B≠0

lim

x , y x0,y0

f x , y∣=∣A lim

x , y x0,y0f x , y=A A0 lim

x , y x0,y0gx , y=B

ก !" 14

1. & 0"8

#ก &

lim

x , y 3, 4

2 xy

x2y2 x , ylim 2,1 y

x23y

lim

x , y 1, 1

y2xy2

xyy lim

x , y 0,0e2xy lim

x , y 0, 0

xyxy

y lim

x , y 0,0

excos xsin y

ก !" 15

ก $*, f(x, y), g(x, y) %"-ก26

& !!ก M ' δ 26 | f(x, y) | < M

(x, y) *#$%& f 0 < || (x, y) - (x0, y0)|| < δ

&

'0$,!

2. &

:;< 4.2.2

lim

x , yx0,y0gx , y=0 lim

x , y x0,y0 fx , ygx , y=0 lim

x , y 0, 0

x2y

x2y2=0, lim

x , y0, 0

x3y3 x2y2=0

ก !" 16

*, f ' g %"-ก ก D 0" *")&& ' (x0, y0) %"-$*

% ก !! f &! & %+$ (x0, y0) ก. %&+

f(x0, y0) 0$,

0$,

S %"-%2 #$%& f %+ S ก. %&+ f %+ก$* S

& 4.2.2

lim

x , yx0,y0

fx , y lim

x , y x0,y0 fx , y=fx0,y0 2

(5)

ก !" 17

*, f ' g %"-ก&! & %+$ (x0, y0) ' c %"- !

f+g, f-g, cf, fg ' | f | &! & %+$ (x0, y0)

1, g(x0, y0) 0 0$,! ก f/g &! & %+$ (x0, y0)

,%ก ก( & !"กก&! & %+ก$*

")&&

3. ( / ! ก 0"8 %+$*$

:;< 4.2.3

fx , y=

i=0 m

j=0 n

ci jxiyj

fx , y=

x2y2

x2y2 x , y≠0, 0

0 x , y=0, 0

ก !" 18

*, f:D1 ' g:D2 #$( f %"-%2 D2

"'ก f ' g %$,! g f &#$

g f(x, y) = g(f(x, y))

1, f:D1 ' g:D2 #$( f %"-%2 D2 1, f &

! & %+$ (x0, y0) ' g &! & %+$ f(x0, y0) ,!'0$,!

g f &! & %+$ (x0, y0)

4. ( / ! ก 0"8 %+$*$

& 4.2.3 ':;< 4.2.4

f1x , y=sin x2y , f2x , y=exy

xy , f3x , y=

xy2

1. $! f &! & %+%2 S ก $*, 0"8

2. ( / ! f &! & %+$ (0, 0) +0&

#! & %+

f1x , y=sinx2y, S=ℝ2

f2x , y=lnxy1, S={x , y∣xy1} f3x , y=exy

xy , S={x , y∣xy≠0}

f4x , y=

{

1xxyy x , yx , y≠0, 0=0, 0

}

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