51
تﺎّ ﻟا ﺔﻣﺎ ﻟا
نازﺎﺟ ﺔﻘ ﻣ ﻲﻓ تﺎ ﻟا تﺎ ﻋو -
ﺔ د ﻌ ﻟا ﺔ ﻌﻟا ﺔ ﻠ ﻟا
ﻣ ﻟﺎﺳ ﻔ
1 ، 2
،
ﺣ ﻌﻟا ﻋ ﻲ ﻟﺎ ﻟا
و 1
ﺣ ا ﺑا ﻲﻧاو ﻏ
1
ﻗ1
ءﺎ ﺣﻷا ﺔ ﻠ ، م ﻠﻌﻟا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ، نازﺎﺟ ، ﺔ د ﻌ ﻟا ﺔ ﻌﻟا ﺔ ﻠ ﻟا
ﻗ2
ءﺎ ﺣﻷا ﺔ ﻠ ، ﺔ ﻟا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ، ن ﻋ ، ﻟا
:ﻲﻧﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﻻﺍ ﺪﻳﺮﺒﻟﺍ [email protected]
:ﺔﺻﻼ ﻟا ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎّﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﻌﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﺕﺎﻴﺋﺎﺼﺣﺇ ﻊﻤﺟﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑﺎﻌﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻓﻷﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻢﺗ
ﻦﻴﺑ ﺎﻣ ﺓﺮﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ 2015
– 2017 ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺮﻬﻅﺃ .ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﺸﺘﺴﻣ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻡ 7
ﺔﻣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ
ﺚﻴﺒﺨﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﺳﻷﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲﻓ Atractaspis andersonii
، ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺮﺑﻮﻜﻟﺍﻭ Naja arabica
ﻰﻌﻓﻷﺍﻭ ،
ﻓﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺨ ﺔ Bitis arietans ﺎﻤﻫ ﺔﻧﺮﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻋﺎﻓﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻴﻋﻮﻧﻭ ،
Cerastes cerastes ﻭ
Cerastes gasperettii
ﺎﻤﻫ ﺩﺎﺠﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻓﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻴﻋﻮﻧﻭ Echis borkini
ﻭ Echis coloratus ﻞﻴﺠﺴﺗ ﺕﺮﻬﻅﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ .
1265 ﺔﺑﺎﺻﺇ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ
ﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺘﻓ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﻌﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺎﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪ
26 – 45 ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﻥﺃﻭ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻺﻟ ﺖﺿﺮﻌﺗ ﺔﺌﻓ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻲﻫ
ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺑ ﺙﺎﻧﻹﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺎﻤﻣ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ 3.2
: 1 .
ﺣﺎ ﻔﻣ تﺎ ﻠﻛ ﺔ
: .ﺔ د ﻌ ﻟا ﺔ ﻌﻟا ﺔ ﻠ ﻟا ،نازﺎﺟ ،تﺎ ﻟا تﺎ ﻋ ، ﺑﺎﻌ ﻟا ،ﻲﻋﺎﻓﻷا
1 . ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻤﻟﺍ
ّﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﺗﺭ ﻰﻟﺍ ﻲﻤﺘﻨﺗﻭ ﻒﺣﺍﻭﺰﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﺋﺎﻁ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎ
ﻢﻀﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﺷﺮﺤﻟﺍ ﻲﺘﺒﺗﺭ ﺖﺤﺗ
.ﺕﺎّﻴﺤﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻟﺎﺤﺴﻟﺍ
ﺔّﻴَﺣ ﺎﻫﺩﺮﻔﻣ ،ﻦﻴﺑﺎﻌﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻓﻷﺍ ﻞﻛ ﻞﻤﺸﻳ ﻡﺎﻋ ﻢﺳﺍ ﺕﺎّﻴﺤﻟﺍﻭ Snake ﻭ ءﺍﻮﺳ ،ﺕﺎـّﻴـﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻱﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﺳﻻﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻖﻠﻄُﻳ
ﻥﺎﺒﻌﺜﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ .ﺔﻣﺎﺳ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻣﺎﺳ ،ﻦﻴﺑﺎﻌﺛ ﻭﺃ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻓﺃ ﺖﻧﺎﻛَﺃ Serpent ﻻ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺘﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻖﻠﻄﻳ ﻮﻬﻓ
ﺪﺟﻭ ﻥﺇﻭ ،ﺡﻮﺿﻮﺑ ﺎﻬﻘﻨﻋ ﻦﻋ ﺎﻬﺳﺃﺭ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﻳ ﻲﻬﻓ ﺏﺎﻴﻧﺃ ﺎﻬﻟ
ﺔﻛﺮﺤﺘﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺔﺘﺑﺎﺛ
، ﺎﻣﺃ ﻰﻌﻓﻷﺍ Viper ﻮﻬﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻖﻠﻄﻳ ﻴﺤﻟﺍ
،ﺢﺿﺍﻭ ﻖﻨﻌﺑ ﻢﺴﺠﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺰﻴﻤﻣ ﺱﺃﺭ ﺎﻬﻟ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎ ﻦﻋ ﺖﻔﻠﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﻳ ﻞﻳﺫ ﺎﻬﻟﻭ ﻢﺴﺠﻟﺍ
] 1
ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ .[
ﻲﻓ ﺍﺪﻋ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻛ .ﻦﻴﺒﻄﻘﻟﺍ
ﻦﻋ ﺪﻳﺰﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻢﻀﺗﻭ 3800
ﻉﻮﻧ
ﻡﺎﺳ ﺮﻴﻏﻭ ﻡﺎﺳ
] 2
ﻭ .[
ﻢﻏﺮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻋﺎﻓﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻣ
ﻦﻴﺑﺎﻌﺜﻟﺍﻭ
ﻦﻣ ﻞﻗﺃ ﻪﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﺔﻣﺎﺴﻟﺍ 30
% ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻦﻣ
ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ
] 3
،[
ﺎﻬﺒﺒﺴﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﻞﻛﺎﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ
ﺔﻳﺩﻮﻌﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺯﺎﺘﻤﺗﻭ .ﺓﺮﻴﺒﻛ ﺔﻣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﺑ 51 ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ 9
ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﺕﺎّﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻫ
ﺔﻣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺒﻟﺍ
] 4
؛ 6
ﺍﺬﻬﻟ .[
ﺔﻳﺩﻮﻌﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺖﻣﺎﻗ
ﻝﺎﺼﻣﻷﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹ ﻲﻨﻁﻮﻟﺍ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﻟﺍ ءﺎﺸﻧﺈﺑ ﺕﺎﺣﺎﻘﻠﻟﺍﻭ :
”National Antivenom and Vaccine
Production Center”
) NAVPC (
ﻪﺗﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ ﻦﻣﻭ ،
ﺍﺮﺑﻮﻜﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻤﺳ ﺪﺿ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﺋﺎﻨﺛ ﻝﺎﺼﻣﺃ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ
Naja haje ﺩﻮﺳﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻟﺍﻭ
Walterinesia aegyptia ،
ﻝﺎﺼﻣﺃﻭ ﻦﻣ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﺔﺘﺳ ﻡﻮﻤﺳ ﺪﺿ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ ﺔﻴﻠﻋﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ
ﺔﻠﺠﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑﺎﻌﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻓﻷﺍ ﻰﻌﻓﻷﺍ :ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺔﺜﻓﺎﻨﻟﺍ
Bitis arietans ﺔﻧﺮﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻌﻓﻷﺍﻭ ،
Cerastes cerastes ،
ﻲﻗﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﺠﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻌﻓﺃﻭ Echis coloratus
ﻲﻔﻄﻟﺍ ﻰﻌﻓﺃﻭ ،
ﺔﻳﺭﺎﺸﻨﻤﻟﺍ Echis carinatus
ﺎﻤﻫ ﻝﻼﺼﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻴﻋﻮﻧﻭ ،
ﺮﺑﻮﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺍ Naja haje
ﻞﺼﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻳﺮﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺍﺮﺑﻮﻜﻟﺍﻭ ،
ﺩﻮﺳﻷﺍ Walterinesia aegyptia
] 5
ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﺗﻭ .[
ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ ،ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﻖﻁﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺗﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺐﺴﻨﺑ ﺕﺎّﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺪﻋ ﺮﺒﻛﺃ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﺑ ﺰﻴﻤﺘﺗ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ
] 6
.[
ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻲﺑﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﺏﻮﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻊﻘﺗ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ
ﺽﺮﻋ ْﻲﺗﺮﺋﺍﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ،ﺔﻳﺩﻮﻌﺴﻟﺍ 45ً
0 22َ
16 ، 35ً
003َ
18
ﻝﻮﻁ ْﻲﻄﺧﻭ ، ًﻻﺎﻤﺷ 55ً
039َ
41 ﻭ 43ً
017َ
43 ﺎﻣﺃ .ﺎًﻗﺮﺷ
ﻰﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﺘﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﺣﺎﺴﻣ 12435
2ﻢﻛ
] 7
.[
ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﺗﻭ
ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﻌﺑ
"Snakebites"
ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻴﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ
ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻻﺍ ﻝﺪﻌﻣ ﻞﺼﻳ ﺚﻴﺣ ،ﻢﻟﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﺗﺎﻀﻌﺑ 2.1
– 5.5 ﺎﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻰﻓﻮﺘﻳ ،ﺎﻳﻮﻨﺳ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻥﻮﻴﻠﻣ
ﺏﺭﺎﻘﻳ 125000
] ﺺﺨﺷ
8 ؛ 9 ؛ 10 ؛ 11
ﺔﺒﺗﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻬﻟﺍ ﻞﺘﺤﺗﻭ ،[
ﻰﻟﺇ ﻞﺼﺗ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﻌﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﻝﺪﻌﻣ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ 200000
ﺳ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻊﺑﺭ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻳ ﺪﻗ ،ﺎﻳﻮﻨ
ﺓﺎﻓﻮﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻟﺍ
] 12
،[
ﺓﺪﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻻﻮﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻞﻘﺗ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺑ
ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎًﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﺔﻳﻮﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﻞﺼﺘﻓ 8000
] ﺔﻟﺎﺣ
13
ﻥﺇ .[
ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎّﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﻌﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﻦﻋ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺖﻳﺮﺟﺃ ﺪﻗﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﺋﺎﺼﺣﻹﺍ ﺔﻠﻘﻟ ﺔﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻝﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺏﺮﻐﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﺩﺭﻷ
] 1 ، 14 ، 15
،[
ﺎﻤﻛ ﻲﻓ ﺖﻳﺮﺟﺃ
ﺔﻳﺩﻮﻌﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﻖﻁﺎﻨﻣ ﺾﻌﺑ
ﺽﺎﻳﺮﻟﺎﻛ
] 13
؛ 16
؛ 17 ؛ 18
ﺮﻴﺴﻋﻭ ،[ ]
19
ﺔﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍﻭ ،[ ]
20
ﻞﺋﺎﺣﻭ ،[
] 21
ﺔﻳﺩﻮﻌﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ .[
ﺓﺪﻳﺪﻋ ﻖﻁﺎﻨﻣ ﻥﺃ ﻆﺣﻼﻧ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ
َﺮﺠُﻳ ﻢﻟ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ
ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﻷ ﺍ ًﺮﻈﻧﻭ .ﺕﺎّﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﻌ ﺑ
ﻦﻣ ﺮﻴﺜﻜﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺐﻧﺎﺠﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻗﻭ ،ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﻣ ﺎﻫﺮﻓﻮﺗ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺎﻧﺎﻴﺣﺃﻭ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﻖﻁﺎﻨ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﻑﺪﻬﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻛ ؛
ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎّﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﻌﻟ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﺩﺪﻋ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﺩﺪﻋ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗﻭ ،ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺃ ﺓﻮﻄﺧ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻲﻛ ،ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ءﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﻂﻴﻠﺴﺗ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻟﻭ
ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺣ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺪﺑ
ﻡﺎﻋ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ .
2 . ﻕﺮﻄﻟﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍ
ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺗ :ﻰﻟﻭﻷﺍ ﻦﻴﺘﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺖﻤﺗ ﻊﻤﺟ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻤﻟﺍﻭ .ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﻌﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﻦﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﺋﺎﺼﺣﻹﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎ
ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺟﻭ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﺸﺘﺴﻣ ﻢﻫﺃ ﺓﺭﺎﻳﺯ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺎﻣ ﺓﺮﺘﻔﻟﺍ 2015
– 2017 .
2.1 :ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ
،ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻖﻁﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺎّﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻢﺗ ﻢﺴﻗ ﻞﻤﻌﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺎًﻘﺒﺴُﻣ ﺔﻅﻮﻔﺤﻣ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻋ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ﺮِﻛﺫ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ،ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻲﻓ ءﺎﻴﺣﻷﺍ ﻊﺟﺍﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ
ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺪﻤﺘﻌﻤﻟﺍ
] 6
؛ 22
؛ 23
.[
ﻊﺿﻭ ﻢﺗ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ
ﻦﻘﺣﻭ ﺔﻴﻜﻴﺘﺳﻼﺑﻭ ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺟﺯ ﺔﻴﻋﻭﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎّﻴﺤﻟﺍ
ﻝﻮﻧﺎﺜﻳﺍ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﻤﻏﻭ 70
% ﻦﻴﻟﺎﻣﺭﻮﻓ ﻭﺃ ، 4
%
ﻢﺗ ﺪﻗﻭ ،ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻲﻓ ءﺎﻴﺣﻷﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻈﻔﺣ ﻢﺗﻭ ّﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺗ ﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻤﺟ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍًﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺕﺎ
ﺔﻳﺮﻫﺎﻈ
ﻊﺟﺍﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺤﺿﻮﻣ ﺓﺮﺒﺘﻌﻤﻟﺍ
] 6 ؛ 22
.[
2.2 :ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ
ﺕﺎﻴﻔﺸﺘﺴﻣ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻰﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﻴﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻳﺯ ﺖﻤﺗ ﻟﺍ
ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤ ﻭ :ﻲﻫ
ﻭ ،ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺪﻬﻓ ﻚﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻔﺸﺘﺴﻣ ،ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺎﻣ ﻲﻨﺑ ﻰﻔﺸﺘﺴﻣ
ﺶﻳﺮﻋﻮﺑﺃ ﻰﻔﺸﺘﺴﻣﻭ ﺕﺪﻤﺘﻋﺍ .ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﺒﺻ ﻰﻔﺸﺘﺴﻣﻭ ،ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ
ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺠﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺋﺎﺼﺣﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺎﻣ ﺓﺮﺘﻔﻟﺍ 2015
– 2017 ﻰﻠﻋ ءﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﻠﺴﻣ ،ﻡ
ﺔﻴﻨﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟﺍ ،ﺮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ،ﺏﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺲﻨﺟ :ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ،ﺪﺴﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ،ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺐﻴﺻﺃ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ
ﺖﻗﻭ
،ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﻭ
ﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ،ﺝ
ﻭ ،ﺝﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻭ
ﻉﻮﻧ
،ﺏﺎﺼﻤﻠﻟ ﻡﺪﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﺝﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻭ
ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺠﻟﺍ ، ﺩﺪﻋ ﻭ .ﺕﺎﻴﻓﻮﻟﺍ
3 . ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ
ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺃ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺮﻬﻅﺃ 7
ﻲﻋﺎﻓﻷﺍﻭ ﻦﻴﺑﺎﻌﺜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ
ﻲﻫ ﻞﺋﺎﺼﻓ ﺙﻼﺛ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺩﻮﻌﺗ ،ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺮﻴﻄﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺼﻓ ﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻣﻼﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑﺎﻌﺜ Lamprophiidae
ﻉﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻣﻭ
ﺑ ﻰﻋﺪﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﺎﺑ ﺔﻓﻭﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﻓﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻰﻌﻓﻷﺎ
ﻴﺒﺨﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﺳﻷﺍ ﺚ
Atractaspis andersonii ﻝﻼﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻴﺼﻓﻭ ،
Elapidae
ﺍﺮﺑﻮﻜﻟﺎـﺑ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﻣ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ
Naja arabica
، ﺔﻠﻴﺼﻓ ﺍﺮﻴﺧﺃﻭ
ﻲﻋﺎﻓﻷﺍ Viperidae ﻞﺋﺎﺼﻓ ﺮﺒﻛﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﺗﻭ ،
ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻞﺠﺳ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﺩﺪﻋ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻤﺧ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ
ﻰﻌﻓﻷﺍ :ﻲﻫ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﺔﺴ ﺔﺨﻓﺎﻨﻟﺍ
Bitis
arietans ﺎﻤﻫ ﺔﻧﺮﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻋﺎﻓﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻴﻋﻮﻧﻭ ،
Cerastes
cerastes ﻭ
Cerastes gasperettii ﻦﻴﻋﻮﻧﻭ
ﻦﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻓﺃ
ﺩﺎﺠﺴﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﻫ Echis borkini ﻭ
Echis coloratus
.
ﺕﺮﻬﻅﺃ ﻟﺍ
ﻴﺋﺎﺼﺣﻹﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨ ﺔ
ﺕﺎﻀﻌﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻻﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﺩﺪﻌﻟ
ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺘﻓ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺔﻟﻮﻤﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﺸﺘﺴﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺎﻣ 1265
ﻝﺪﻌﻤﺑ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ 421.67
ﻳﻮﻨﺳ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺎ
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ)
1 ( ﻰﻔﺸﺘﺴﻣ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﻛ ﺔﻴﻠﺣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻖﻁﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻞﻴﺠﺴﺗ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﻥﺃﻭ ،
ﻝﺪﻌﻤﺑ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺶﻳﺮﻋ ﻮﺑﺃ 160.7
ﻖﻁﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ،ﺎﻳﻮﻨﺳ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ
ﺸﺘﺴﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺖﻧﺎﻜﻓ ﺔﻴﻠﺒﺠﻟﺍ ﻝﺪﻌﻤﺑ ﻚﻟﺎﻣ ﻲﻨﺑ ﻰﻔ
108.7 ﺕﻻﺎﺣ
ﻝﻭﺪﺠﻟﺍ) ﺎﻳﻮﻨﺳ 1
ﻦﻴﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﻦﻋ ﺎﻣﺃ .(
ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺑ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ ﺪﻘﻓ ﻦﻴﺴﻨﺠﻟﺍ 3.2
: 1 ﻞﻜﺷ) 1 .(
ﻦﻴﺑ ﺎﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺪﺟﻭ ﺪﻘﻓ ﺔﻳﺮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻣﺃ 26
–
45 ﺪﻨﻋ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺎﻬﻠﻗﺃﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﻌﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﺇ ﺔﺌﻓ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﻲﻫ
ﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻗ
15 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ) ﺔﻨﺳ 1
ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﻦﻋ ﺎﻣﺃ .(
ﻦﻴﻨﻁﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻻﺍ ﻦﻴﻳﺩﻮﻌﺴﻟﺍ
ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺑ ﺖﻐﻠﺑ ﺪﻘﻓ ﻦﻴﻤﻴﻘﻤﻟﺍﻭ
ﻝﺪﻌﻤﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﻁﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺮﺒﻛﺃ 1.43
: 1 ﻞﻜﺷ) 2 ﻦﻋ ﺎﻣﺃ .(
ﺪﻘﻓ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺘﻓ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺎﻫﺅﺎﺼﺣﺍ ﻢﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻓﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ . ﻂﻘﻓ ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﺖﻐﻠﺑ
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ 1 ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺠﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﻌﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﺮﻬﻈﻳ :
ﺾﻌﺑ ﺓﺮﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﺸﺘﺴﻣ 2015
– 2017 .ﻡ
ﻢﺳﺍ ﻰﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﺟﻹﺍ
ﻲﻟ ﺔﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻤﻌﻟﺍ
5 <
ﺔﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻳ
15
<
ﺔﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻳ
25
<
ﺔﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻳ
45
<
ﺔﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻳ
64
>
ﺕﺎﻴﻓﻮﻟﺍ
ﺪﻬﻓ ﻚﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﻱﺰﻛﺮﻤﻟﺍ 199
46 33 16 117 1 33
ﻚﻟﺎﻣ ﻲﻨﺑ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ 326
- - - - 0 -
ﻮﺑﺃ ﺶﻳﺮﻋ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ 482 0
41 128 232 81 0
ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﺒﺻ 258
- - - - - 0
) - .ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﺮﻓﻮﺘﺗ ﻻ :(
ﻞﻜﺷ 1 ﻦﻴﺑ ﺔﻠﺠﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﻌﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﺩﺪﻋ ﺢﺿﻮﻳ :
ﺓﺮﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺙﺎﻧﻹﺍﻭ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻟﺍ 2015
– 2017
.ﻡ
0 100 200 300
ﻣﻟﺍ ﻰﻔﺷﺗﺳﻣ ﻙﻠ
ﻱﺯﻛﺭﻣﻟﺍ ﺩﻬﻓ ﺻ ﻰﻔﺷﺗﺳﻣ
ﺎﻳﺑ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﻛﺫﻟﺍ
ﺙﺎﻧﻹﺍ
ﻞﻜﺷ 2 ﻦﻴﻨﻁﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﺩﺪﻋ ﺢﺿﻮﻳ : ﻦﻴﻳﺩﻮﻌﺴﻟﺍ
ﺓﺮﺘﻔﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻴﻤﻴﻘﻤﻟﺍﻭ 2015
– 2017
.ﻡ
ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ
ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻰﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﺸﺗ 16
ﻦﻴﺑﺎﻌﺜﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ
ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺠﺴﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻓﻷﺍﻭ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ
] 6 ؛ 22
،[
ﺮﻴﺒﻛ ﺩﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ
ﺎﻬﺘﺣﺎﺴﻣ ﺯﻭﺎﺠﺘﻳ ﻻ ﺓﺮﻴﻐﺻ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑ 12435
2ﻢﻛ ،
ﻢﻀﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺲﻳﺭﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻨﺘﻟ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ ،ﺕﺎﺨﺒﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭﺰﻟﺍ ﻖﻁﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﺩﻮﻟﺍﻭ ﻝﺎﺒﺠﻟﺍﻭ ﻝﻮﻬﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻓﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻝﻮﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﻪﻠﻤﺤﺗ ﺎﻣ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻭﺪﺤﻣﻭ ،ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻴﺑﺎﻌﺛﻭ ﺔﻟﻮﻫﺄﻤﻟﺍ ﻖﻁﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺩ
ﻦﻁﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻓﻮﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺪﻋﺎﺳ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻞﻛ ،ﻥﺎﻜﺴﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺸﻴﻌﻤﻟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻨﺗﻭ
ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ،ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍﻭ ﺕﺎّﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ
ﻝﺭﻮﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺳﺃﺭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﺗﺄﻳ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺳﺮﺘﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻗ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺭﻮﻴﻄﻟﺍﻭ
ﺔﺣﺭﺎﺠﻟﺍ -
ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻞﺘﻘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ءﺍﺬﻳﻺﻟ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﺗ ﺎﻣ ًﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ -
ﻲﻫﻭ ﻬﻧ ﻂﺸﻨﺗ ًﺓﺩﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﺳﺮﺘﻔﻣ ﺍ ًﺭﺎ
] 24
،[
ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻴﺣ ﻲﻓ
ّﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺐﻠﻏﺃ ًﻼﻴﻟ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﺕﺎ
] 25
،[
ﻲﺗﺄﻳ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻤﻟﺎﺑﻭ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﺓﺮﺜﻛ
ﻭ ﻒﺣﺍﻭﺰﻟﺍﻭ ﺽﺭﺍﻮﻘﻟﺎﻛ ﺲﺋﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﻓﻮﺗ ﺓﺮﻴﻐﺼﻟﺍ
ﻢﻴﺟﻼﻌﻟﺍﻭ
،ﺮﻴﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﻲﺴﻳﺭﺎﻀﺘﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻨﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺮﺸﺘﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺎًﻧﺎﻴﺣﺃ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻣﺎﻤﻘﻟﺍ ﻲﻣﺮﺑ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻠﻟ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ
ﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻛﺎﻣﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻟ ﺺﺼ
؛ ﺪﻋﺎﺳ ،ﺕﺎّﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺮﻓﻭ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﻲﻓ ﺔﻣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻓﻷﺍﻭ ﻦﻴﺑﺎﻌﺜﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﺓﺮﺜﻛ ﻆﺣﻼﻧ ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻱﺃ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺔﻳﺩﻮﻌﺴﻟﺍ
، ﺽﺎﻳﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺃ ﻝﺎﺜﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﺠﻧ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺑ ﻑﻮﺠﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﺋﺎﺣﻭ
ﺔﻣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎّﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﻊﺑﺭﺃ ﻞﻴﺠﺴﺗ ﻢﺗ
ﺓﺮﻴﻄﺨﻟﺍ
] 13 ؛ 26 ؛ 27
ﺕﺎّﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗ ﻥﺃ ؛ﻪﺑ ﻢﻠﺴُﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣﻭ .[
،ﺎﻬﺑ ﺹﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻓﻮﺘﻟ ﺍﺪﺟ ﺎﻳﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺝﻼﻌﻟ ﻪﺑ ﺎًﺻﺎﺧ ﺎًﺣﺎﻘﻟ ﺔﻣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻞﻜﻟ ّﻥﺃ ﺫﺇ
،ﺔﻣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺲﻔﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺝﺮﺨﺘﺴﻳ ﺔﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻀﻌﺑ ﺏﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺿﺮﻌﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﺳ ﺏﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺣ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻻﺇﻭ ﻢﻟ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ،ﺮﻄﺨﻠﻟ
ﻭﺃ ،ﺏﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﺴﺤﻳ ّﻤﺳ ﺩﺎﻀﻣ ﻝﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﺍ ﻢﺗ ﺪﻗ
ﻲ
،ﺔﻣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻨﻟ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ
ﻚﻟﺫ ﺃ ﻲﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻥ
ﺮﺧﻵ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻳ ّﻢُﺳ ﻞﻜﻟ
] 1 ؛ 6 ؛ 22 ؛ 25
.[
ﻱﻮﻨﺴﻟﺍ ﻝﺪﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺪﺟﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺋﺎﺼﺣﻹﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻘﻣ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﻌﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻟ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺑ ﺔﻧﺭ
ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﻖﻁﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﻣ
، ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﺓﺮﺜﻛ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺐﺒﺴﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﻌﻳ ﺪﻗﻭ
ﻥﺎﻜﺳ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺘﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇﻭ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﻨﻟﺎﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﺗ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﺔﻄﺸﻧﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻬﻠﻤﻋ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﻙﺎﻜﺘﺣﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻨﺘﻠﻟ ﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺍ ﺝﻭﺮﺨﻟﺍ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻴﻋﺍﺭﺰﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﻠﻌﺠﻳ ﺎﻤﻣ ،ﻩ
ﻦﻣ ﻢﻏﺮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ .ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﻌﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻺﻟ ﺔﺿﺮﻋ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺕﺎﻀﻌﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﺓﺮﺜﻛ ﻦﻴﺑﺎﻌﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻓﻷﺍ
ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﻲﻓ
ﻲﻟﺍﻮﺣ ﺖﻐﻠﺑ ﻅﻮﺤﻠﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻀﻔﺨﻨﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﻓﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﻥﺃ ﻻﺇ 0.21
% ﺪﺟ ﺔﻠﻴﻠﻗ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺳ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﺑ ﺖﻧﺭﻮﻗ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺍ
ﺚﻴﺣ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﻖﻁﺎﻨﻣ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻲﻓ ﺖﻤﺗ ﺖﻠﺠﺳ
ﺮﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺽﺎﻳ
ﺔﺒﺴﻨﺑ 2.3
] %
17
،[
ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓﻭ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﺽﺎﻳﺮﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ
ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﺖﻐﻠﺑ 4.8
] %
18
ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻓﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ ،[
ﺽﺎﻳﺮﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﺣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺖﻀﻔﺨﻧﺍ
0.3
] %
13
،[
ﺔﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻣﺃ
ﺪﻘﻓ ﺖﻐﻠﺑ 1.2
] %
20
،[
ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻐﻠﺑ ﺪﻘﻓ ﻞﺋﺎﺣ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲﻓﻭ
ﺕﺎﻴﻓﻮﻟﺍ 2.9
] %
21
ﻝﺪﻌﻣ ﺽﺎﻔﺨﻧﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺐﺒﺴﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﻌﻳ ﺪﻗﻭ .[
ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﺳ ﻲﻋﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻓﻮﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻀﻌﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻴﺒﻁ ﺔﻳﺎﻋﺭﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺎﻬﻤﻳﺪﻘﺘﺑ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺍﺯﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻨﻁﻮﻟﺍ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺨﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﺘﻣ ﻝﺎﺼﻣﻷﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹ ﺕﺎﺣﺎﻘﻠﻟﺍﻭ
NAVPC ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ
ﻦﻣ ﻡﻮﻤﺴﻠﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻀﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﺼﻣﻷﺍ ﺮﻴﻓﻮﺘﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻣ ﻦﻴﺑﺎﻌﺛﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻓﺃ .ﻦﻴﺑﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ءﺎﻔﺷ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻴﺠﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻫﺎﺴﻳ ﺎﻤﻣ
ﺙﺎﻧﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﺇ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﻥﺃ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺮﻬﻅﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺖﻳﺮﺟﺃ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻖﻓﺍﻮﺘﻳ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ
] 13
؛
17
؛ 18
؛ 20
ﺎﻤﻛ [
ﺍﻮﺘﻳ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﻝﻭﺩ ﻲﻓ ﺖﻳﺮﺟﺃ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﻊﻣ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ ﻖﻓ
ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻣﻹﺍﻭ ﺏﺮﻐﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺓﺪﺤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ
ﻥﺎﻤﻋ ﺔﻨﻄﻠﺳﻭ
ﻢﻫﺮﻴﻏﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺇﻭ
] 11
؛ 14
؛ 15
؛ 28
،[
ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺩﻮﻌﻳ ﺍﺬﻫﻭ
ﺮﺒﻛﺃ ﻢﻫ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ،ﺙﺎﻧﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺎﺑ ﺎًﻛﺎﻜﺘﺣﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺐﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺿﺮﻋ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺍﻮﻧﻮﻜﻳ ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻌﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺃﺮﺟ ﻌﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻺﻟ ﺎﻣ ﺔﻳﺮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺮﻬﻅﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ .ﺎﻬﺗﺎﻀ
ﻦﻴﺑ 26 – 45 ﺕﺎﻀﻌﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻺﻟ ﺔﺿﺮﻌﻣ ﺔﺌﻓ ﺮﺒﻛﺃ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻨﺳ
ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻲﻫﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻭﺪﺒﺗ
ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺹﺎﺨﺷﻷﺍ ﻥﻮﻛ
ﻢﻫ ﺮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺐﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ
ًﻼﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ
ﻦﻴﺑﺎﻌﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﻓﻸﻟ ﻢﻬﺘﻓﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻥﺈﻓ ﺎﻬﻟ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ
،ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺪﻗ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻩﺬﻫﻭ
ﻘﻓﺍﻮﺗ ﺖ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ
ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺇﻭ ﺏﺮﻐﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ
] 11 ؛ 14
.[
ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺠﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﺼﺣﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻲﻓ ﻞﻴﺻﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻙﺮﺘﺗ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﻄﺘﻣ ﺖﺴﻴﻟ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺎﻬﺼﻘﻨﻳ ﺪﻗ ﻭﺃ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺮﻓﻮﺗ ﻮﻟ
ﻢﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻬﺴﺘﺳ ﺕﺎﻀﻌﺑ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﻟ ﺢﺿﻭﺃ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ
ﻲﻓ ﻲﻫ ﻞﻫ ﺔﺑﺎﺻﻹﺍ ﻊﺿﻮﻣ ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻣﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ،ﻡﺪﻘﻤﻟﺍ ﺝﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻧﻭ ،ﻢﺴﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻰﻠﻔﺴﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻟﺍ ءﺍﺰﺟﻷﺍ
ءﺎﺟ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺞﺗﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻤﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻧﻭ ،ﻰﻌﻓﻷﺍ ﻉﻮﻧﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻴﻤﻀﺗ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺑﻻ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻯﺮﻧ ﺍﺬﻬﻟ .ﺏﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺎﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﺸﺘﺴﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺪﻴﺣﻮﺗﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻴﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ءﺍﺮﺒﺧ ﻙﺍﺮﺷﺇﻭ ،ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻉﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻰﺘﺣ ،ﺕﺎﻧﺍﻮﻴﺤﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻄﺒﺗﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺽﺎﻔﺨﻧﺍﻭ ءﺎﻔﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺮﺳ ﻲﻓ ﻚﻟﺫ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻳ ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑﻭ ،ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻲﺌﻳﺰﺠﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺝﺍﺭﺩﺈﺑ ﻲﺻﻮﻧﻭ .ﺝﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﻴﻔﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺙﺎﺤﺑﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺍﺪﺟ ﺔﻤﻬﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺃ ﺚﻴﺣ ﺎﻬﻟ ﻢﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻳﺪﻘﺗﻭ ﺔ
ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﺏﺭﺎﻘﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺇﻭ ،ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺰﻴﻴﻤﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻋﺎﻓﻷﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺔﻴﻠﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺼﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻞﺧﺍﺪﺘﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻚﻠﺗ ﺲﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻧﺮﻘﻤﻟﺍ Cerastes
ﺮﺧﻵﺍ ﺲﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ،
Atractaspis ﺩﻮﺳﻷﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺩﺎّﺴﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﺎﺑ ﺎًﻴﻠﺤﻣ ﻑﺮﻌﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ
،ﺚﻴﺒﺨﻟﺍ ﺃ ﺲﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﻭ Walterinnesia
ﻞﺼﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﺎﺑ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍ
ﺔﻳﺮﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺍﺮﺑﻮﻜﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺩﻮﺳﻷﺍ ،
ﺔﻴﺌﻳﺰﺠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻤﻓ
ﻼﺜﻤﺘﻣ ﺎﻫﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺘﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ﻢﺘﻴﺳ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻉﻮﻨﺑ ﻭﺃ ،ﻦﻴﻋﻮﻨﺑ
] 24
ﺝﺎﺘﻧﻹ ﻲﻨﻁﻮﻟﺍ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻊﻣ .[
ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎّﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ ﺮﻛﺫ ﺕﺎﺣﺎﻘﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﻝﺎﺼﻣﻷﺍ ﺎﻬّﻤﺳ ﺺﻠﺨﺘﺴﻳ
ﻲﻛ ّﻻﺇ ،ﻝﺎﺼﻣﺄﻛ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﺔﻣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﻞﻛ ﻞﻤﺸﺗ ﻢﻟ ﺎﻬﻧﺃ
ﺚﻴﺒﺨﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﺳﻷﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺠﺴﻤﻟﺍ Atractaspis
andersonii ﻭﺃ ،ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﻲﻓ ﺪﺟﺍﻮﺘﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ
ﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻨ
Atractaspis engaddensis ﻝﺎﻤﺷﻭ ﻂﺳﻭ ﻲﻓ ﻞﺠﺴُﻤﻟﺍ
ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺩﻮﺳﻷﺍ ﻞّﺼﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﺸﻳ ﻢﻟ ﺎﻤﻛ ،ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ Walterinnesia morgani ﺔﻴﻗﺮﺸﻟﺍ ﻖﻁﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻞﺠﺴﻤﻟﺍ
ﻉﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ،ﻪﻟ ﻉﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﺤﺻ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ Echis
pyramidum
ﻱﺬﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﺏﺮﻏ ﺏﻮﻨﺟ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻤﻟﺍ
ﻪﻤﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﺻ E. burkini
ﺃ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺍﺪﺟ ﺔﻣﺎﺳ ﻉﺍﻮﻧ
، ﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻐﺒﻨﻴ
ﺰﻛﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻨﻁﻮﻟﺍ NAVPC ﺎﻬﺜﻳﺪﺤﺗﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ءﺎﻤﺳﻷﺍ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗ
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺍﺮﺑﻮﻜﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﺍ ﻞﻳﺪﻌﺗﻭ ،ﻪﺘﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﻲﻓ ﺲﻴﻟ ﺎﻣ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﺇﻭ ﻦﻣ
Naja haje ﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﻻﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ
Naja arabica .
ﻲﻨﻁﻮﻟﺍ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻦﺴﺣ ﻦﻣﻭ NAVPC
ﺪﻤﺘﻌﻳ ﻪﻧﺃ
ﺕﺎﻧﺍﻮﻴﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﺎﺼﻣﻷﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺇ ﻲﻓ ،ﺔﻴﻠﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺖﻌﻤُﺟ
ﻗﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﺴﻧ ﻥﺈﻓ ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑﻭ ﺔﺻﺮﻓﻭ ﻰﻠﻋﺃ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺝﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔ
ﺮﺒﻛﺃ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ءﺎﻔﺸﻟﺍ .
ﻞﻤﻋﻭ ﻪﻟ ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟﺍ ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﻻﺍ ﺔﻌﺑﺎﺘﻣﻭ ﺔﻗﺪﺑ ﻉﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗ ﻥﺇ ﻥﺎﻤﻀﻟ ﺍًﺪﺟ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﺔﻔﻨﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﻝﺎﺼﻣﻷﺍ ﺮﻬﻈﻳ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻦﻣﻭ .ﻪﻔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ﺾﻔﺧﻭ ءﺎﻔﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺮﺳﻭ ﺝﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺤﺻ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ءﺎﻤﺳﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﺑﺎﺘﻣ ﺔﻴﻤﻫﺃ
، ﺎﻬﺗﺎﺜﻳﺪﺤﺗ ﻰﻟﺍ ﻑﻮﻗﻮﻟﺍﻭ ّﻨﺠﺗ
ًﺒ ﺎ
ٍﻂﻠﺧ ﻱﻷ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻟﺎّﻌﻓ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺔﻴﻤﺳ ﺕﺍﺩﺎﻀﻣ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﺪﻗ
ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﺍ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﺇ ﻞﻀﻓﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻠﻌﻟﻭ .ﻦﻴﺑﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺝﻼﻋ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻪﻨﻣ ﻞﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺍ ﻢﺗ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻰﻌﻓﻷﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻥﺎﺒﻌﺜﻠﻟ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻥﺎﺒﺴﺤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻨﻌﺿﻭ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ،ﻞﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﻢﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻳ ﺪﻗ ﻢﺴﻠﻟ ﻲﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻜﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻀﺣﺍ
ﺢﺒﺼﻳ ﺎﻨﻫﻭ ،ءﺍﺬﻐﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﻮﻧ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﻻ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻥﺎﺒﻌﺜﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻰﻌﻓﻷﺍ ﻥﺄﺑ ﻲﺻﻮﻧ ﻚﻟﺬﻛ .ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﺡﺎﻘﻠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﺍ ﻊﺿﻭ ﺔﻴﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺕﺎﻘﺼﻠﻣ ﺕﺎﻴﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺉﺭﺍﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ ﻲﻓ ﻊﺿﻮﻳ ﺏﺎﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﺿﺮﻋﻭ ،ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻣﺎّﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻨﺋﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺄﺑ ﺝﻼﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻬﺴﻳ ﻰﺘﺣ ﻪﻴﻘﻓﺍﺮﻣ ﻭﺃ .
ﺮﻳﺪﻘﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍ
ﻦﻤﺿ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻞﻳﻮﻤﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺠﻟ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻡﺪﻘﺘﻧ ﻞﺒﻘﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ءﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻉﻭﺮﺸﻣ 5
ﻢﻗﺮﺑ ) FS5-045 (
، ﻞﺼﺣ ﻱﺬﻟﺍﻭ
.ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻣ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺍﻭ
ﻱﺮﺷﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺴﺣ .ﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ،ءﺎﻴﺣﻷﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ
، ﺔﻴﻠﻛ ﺪﻴﻤﻋﻭ
ﻲﻔﻴﻔﻟﺍ ﻕﺍ ّﺭﺯ .ﺩ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻓﻮﺗﻭ ،ﺏﺎﻌﺼﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ
ﺕﺎﻴﻔﺸﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ءﺍﺭﺪﻤﻟ ﻞﻳﺰﺠﻟﺍ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻧ ﺎﻤﻛ .ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﻠﻴﻬﺴﺘﻟ ءﺎﺼﺣﻹﺍ ﻢﺴﻗ ﻲﻔﻅﻮﻣﻭ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺔﻟﻮﻤﺸﻤﻟﺍ .ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻧﺎﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﻤﺟ
1
. :ﻊﺟﺍﺮﻤﻟﺍ
] 1 [ .ﻥﺍﺪﻴﻤﺣ ﺕﺄﺸﻧ ، ﻥﺍﺭﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﺗﺍﺭ ، ﺮﻴﻫﺯ ،ﻭﺮﻤﻋ ﺕﺎﻧﺍﻮﻴﺤﻟﺍ"
."ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ،ﻥﺩﺭﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺎﻤﺤﻟ ﺔﻴﻜﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺠﻟﺍ
ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ . 127 ﺔﺤﻔﺻ ) 2012 .(
] 2 [ Uetz, P. “The Reptile Database”.
http://www.reptile-database.org, accessed July 3, 2020.
] 3 [ Hider, R.C., Karlsson, E., Namiraman, S.
"Separation and purification of toxins from snake venoms". In: Harvey, A.L. (Ed.), Snake Toxins. Pergamon Press, New York, pp. 1–34 (1991).
] 4 [ Al-Sadoon M. K. "Survey of the reptilian fauna of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. I.
The snake fauna of the Central Region". J.
Coll. Sci., King Saud University, 1 (1-2), 53 – 59 (1989).
.
] 5 [ National Antivenom and Vaccine Production
Center. http://www.antivenom-
center.com/ar/. accessed October 28, 2018 .
] 6 [ Gasperetti, J. "Snakes of Arabia". Fauna of
Saudi Arabia. 9: 169-450 (1988).
] 7 [ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻫﺰﻟﺍ ، ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ﻦﺑ ﷲﺪﺒﻋ )
1428 ﺔﻋﻮﺳﻮﻣ" . (ـﻫ
ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ،ﺮﺸﻋ ﻱﺩﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺪﻠﺠﻤﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻳﺩﻮﻌﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﺒﻟﺍ ، ﻝﻭﻷﺍ ﻞﺼﻔﻟﺍ ،"ﻥﺍﺯﺎﺟ ﻚﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣ .
ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟﺍﺪﺒﻋ
) 1988 .(
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ﺔﻳﺭﻮﻬﻤﺠﻟﺍ ،ﻥﺪﻋ ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺕﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﻷ ﻲﻔﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟﺍ ،ﺔﻴﻘﻴﺒﻄﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻠﻟ ﻥﺪﻋ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺔﻠﺠﻣ ."ﺔﻴﻨﻤﻴﻟﺍ 18
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] 25 [ ﺪﻟﺎﺧ ﻦﺑ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،ﻥﻭﺪﻌﺴﻟﺍ )
1425 ﺏﺭﺎﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻉﺍﻮﻧﺃ" .(ـﻫ
ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻨﺼﺗ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ . ﻑﻮﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑﺎﻌﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﻣ . "ﺔﻴﻜﻨﻴﻠﻛﺃﻭ ﺔﻴﻤﺳﻭ ﻱﺮﻳﺪﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻤﺣﺮﻟﺍ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺔﺴﺳﺆ
ﺔﻳﺮﻴﺨﻟﺍ . ﺔﻳﺩﻮﻌﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ،
] 26 [ ﺪﻟﺎﺧ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ، ﻥﻭﺪﻌﺴﻟﺍ
ﺝﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺩﻮﻌﺳ ؛ )
1413 . (ـﻫ
ﻋﺍﻮﻧﺃ) ﺔﻳﺩﻮﻌﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻣﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑﺎﻌﺜﻟﺍ"
ـ ﺎﻬ
ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻜﻠﻤﻤﻟﺍ . "(ﺎﻬﻣﻮﻤﺳ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻳﺎﻗﻮﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻫﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻦﻛﺎﻣﺃ :ﺽﺎﻳﺮﻟﺍ ، ﺔﻳﺩﻮﻌﺴﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻔﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﺒﻄﻣ
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DOI:10.4197/Sci.31-2.5
51
Venomous Snakes and Snakebites in Jazan Region, KSA
Salem M. Busais1,2 , Abdulaziz H. Al Maliki1 and Ibrahim H. Ghazwani1
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 1394, 45142 Jazan, KSA,
2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Aden University, Yemen E MAIL: [email protected]
ABSTRACT: The poisonous snakes and snakebites in the Jazan Region were studied through the period of 2015- 2017. The results revealed that there are seven species of poisonous snakes in the region of Jazan, namely: the Arabian Small-Scaled Burrowing Asp (Atractaspis andersonii), the Arabian cobra (Naja arabica), the Puff Adder (Bitis arietans), two species of Horned Vipers (Cerastes cerastes and Cerastes gasperettii), and two species of Carpet Viper (Echis borkini and Echis coloratus). In addition, 1265 cases were recorded during the study period. The people aged between 26 and 45 were the most affected age group. The percentage of infection in males was higher than females by 3.2: 1.
Keywords:Serpents, Vipers, Snakebites, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
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