STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

4/19/2009

Dr. M. El-Shafei

mshafei@kau.edu.sa

0540322415 “Cell phone”

2009 2009 - - 1430 1430

ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﺒﻟا ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺠﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ

Saturdays & Mondays

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

Study of processes and products of rock deformation.

ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧو تﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﺳارد ﻢﻠﻋ ﻮه ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﺒﻟا ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺠﻟا ةﻮﺸﺗ

رﻮﺨﺼﻟا

R ecognize فﺮﻌﺘﻟا A ^nalyses ﺮﻴﺴﻔﺘﻟا

ر ﺿ ﺎ

RDA

D ^escribe ﻒﺻﻮﻟا

Structural Geology

The branch of Earth Sciences that deals with:

1- Form, arrangement and internal architecture of rocks “Description, representation, and analysis of structures from the small to moderate scale”

ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﺒﻟا ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺠﻟا :

ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻳ ضرﻷا ﻢﻠﻋ عوﺮﻓ ﻦﻣ عﺮﻓ ﻲه

لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ رﻮﺨﺼﻠﻟ ﻰﺳﺪﻨﻬﻟا ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺘﻟا ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗو ﻂﻤﻧ ﺔﺳارﺪﺑ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺠﻟا ﺐﻴآاﺮﺘﻟا ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗو ﻞﻴﺜﻤﺗو ﻒﺻو

ﺔﻳﺮﻬﺠﻤﻟا

ةﺮﻴﺒﻜﻟا ﺐﻴآاﺮﺘﻟا ﻲﻟإ لﻮﺻﻮﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﺮﻤﻟاو .

ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﺒﻟا ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺠﻟا

2-Reconstruction of the motions of rocks

تﺎآﺮﺤﻟا ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻤﻟ

ﺔﻴﻧﻮﺘﻜﺘﻟا

رﻮﺨﺼﻟا ﺎﻬﻟ ﺖﺿﺮﻌﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا

Rock Cycle

Magma

Igneous rock

Sediment

c b

e d

a c

b c

• a) Cementation &

Compaction (lithification)

• b) Heat and Pressure

• c) weathering, transportation, deposition

• d) Cooling and solidification

• e) Melting

Metamorphic rock

Sedimentary Rock

e e

رﻮﺨﺼﻟا ةرود

ﻲﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺠﻟا

ﻪﻴﻟا يدﺆﻤﻟا ﺐﺒﺴﻟا ﺞﺘﻨﺘﺴﻳ نأ ﺔﻴﻠﻋو ﻞﻌﻔﻟا در ﻊﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻳ .

ﺔﻴﻟوﻷا ﺐﻴآاﺮﺘﻟا :

ﺐﻴآاﺮﺘﻟﺎﺑ فﺮﻌﺗو ﺮﺨﺼﻟا نﻮﻜﺗ ءﺎﻨﺛأ ﺖﻧﻮﻜﺗ ﺐﻴآاﺮﺗ ﻲه

ﺔﻴآﺮﺣﻼﻟا ﻞﻌﻔﺑ ﺖﻧﻮﻜﺗ يأ

ﺮﻴﻏ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﺘﻜﺗ

ﻞﺜﻣ ﻖﺒﻄﺘﻟا

– ﻲﺒﻴﺒﺤﻟا جرﺪﺘﻟا –

تﺎﻣﻼﻋ ﻢﻴﻨﻟا

. ﺔﻳﻮﻧﺎﺜﻟا ﺐﻴآاﺮﺘﻟا )

ﺔﻴآﺮﺤﻟا (

ﻲه– ﻞﺻاﻮﻔﻟا – عوﺪﺼﻟا – تﺎ ﻴﻄﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﻣ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﺒﻟا ﻦﻓ ﻲﻄﻌﺘﻟ لﺎﺒﺠﻟا سﺪﻨﻬﺗو ﻞﻜﺸﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺐﻴآاﺮﺘﻟا قرﻮﺘﻟا –

ﻂﻄﺨﺘﻟا –

ﺣﻻ يﻮﻘﻟ رﻮﺨﺼﻟا ضﺮﻌﺗ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻞﻴﻟد ﻲهو ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺠﻟا ﺐﻴآاﺮﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺎهﺮﻴﻏو

ﺔﻘ – ﻂﻐﺿ يﻮﻗ – ﺪﺷ يﻮﻗ نﻮﻜﺗ نأ ﺎﻣإ يﻮﻘﻟاو ﺮﺨﺼﻟا نﻮﻜﺗ ﺪﻌﺑ

ﺞﺗﺎﻧ يﻮﻘﻟا ﻦﻣ عﻮﻧ ﻞﻜﻟو ﺺﻗ يﻮﻗ

ﺔﺌﻴﺑ ﻦﻋ ﺮﺒﻌﻳ ﻪﻟ ﺔﺒﺣﺎﺼﻤﻟا ﺐﻴآاﺮﺘﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﺘﻜﺗ

ةدﺪﺤﻣ ...

ﺾﻌﺑ ﻲﻠﻋ ةﺮﺻﺎﻗ ﺐﻴآاﺮﺗ كﺎﻨه

عاﻮﻧإ

تﺎآﺮﺤﻟا مﺎﻋ ﻪﻬﺟﻮﺑ ﻦﻜﻟ رﻮﺨﺼﻟا ﻦﻣ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﺘﻜﺘﻟا

يرﺎﻧ ءاﻮﺳ ﺎﻬﻣﺎﻣأ ﻞﻜﻟا ﻞﺑ رﺎﺘﺨﺗ ﻻو قﺮﻔﺗ ﻻ

– .لﻮﺤﺘﻣ وأ ﻲﺑﻮﺳر

ﻞﻌﻓ دﺮﻟ سﺎﻜﻌﻧا ﻮه ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺟ ﺐﻴآاﺮﺗ ﻦﻣ رﻮﺨﺼﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻩاﺮﻧ ﺎﻣ

ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻊﻗاﻮﻟا دﺎﻬﺟﻹا ﻩﺎﺠﺗ رﻮﺨﺼﻟا .

TYPES OF STRUCTURES

PRIMARY: Part of rock forming process

TECTONIC: Forms during subsequent deformation of the rock or deposit

Examples:

Sedimentary bedding

= Primary

Igneous flow banding

= Primary

Thrust fault

,

Anticline

= Tectonic

؟ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻨﺒﻟا ﺎﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺠﻟا ﻲﻓ ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ رﺮﻘﻣ سرﺪﻧ اذﺎﻤﻟ

• Structures are conduits (channels) for fluids (water, gas, oil)

and control subsurface fluid transport (petroleum exploration; hydrology)

• Active faults are where earthquakes occur (natural hazards and risk analysis)

• Faults and veins are sites of ore deposits (mineral exploration)

• Structures create zones of weakness in rocks (buildings and infrastructure)

*

ﻞﺜﻣ ﻞﺋاﻮﺴﻟا ﺎﻬﻟﻼﺧ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﺗ تاﻮﻨﻗ ﻞﺜﻤﺗ قﻮﻘﺸﻟا ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﺒﻴآﺮﺘﻟا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟا لوﺮﺘﺒﻟاو زﺎﻐﻟاو ءﺎﻤﻟا

.

* ﻦآﺎﻣأ

عوﺪﺼﻟا لزﻻﺰﻟا ثوﺪﺣ ﻦآﺎﻣأ ﻲه ﺔﻄﺸﻨﻟا

..

ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟا ﺮﻃﺎﺨﻤﻟا ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗو ﻢﻴﻴﻘﺘﻟ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا .

•

عوﺪﺼﻟا ﺔﻴﻧﺪﻌﻤﻟا ﺐﺳاوﺮﻟا ﻊﻗاﻮﻣ ﻞﺜﻤﺗ قوﺮﻌﻟاو

رﻮﺨﺼﻟﺎﺑ ﻒﻌﺿ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﺐﻴآاﺮﺘﻟا ﻞﺜﻤﺗ • .

ﺔﻴﺘﺤﺘﻟا ﺔﻴﻨﺒﻟاو ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻤﻟا ﻲﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ

.

Fundamental Structures

رﺮﻘﻤﻟا لﻼﺧ ﺎﻬﺘﺳارﺪﺑ مﻮﻘﻧ فﻮﺳ ﻲﺘﻟاو ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷا ﺐﻴآاﺮﺘﻟا

1- Primary Structures ﺮﺨﺼﻟا نﻮﻜﺗ ءﺎﻨﺛأ نﻮﻜﺘﺗ ﺔﻴﻟوأ ﺐﻴآاﺮﺗ (bedding, graded bedding, ripple marks…,)

2- Secondary (tectonic) structures (Subsequent St.)

ﺔﻳﻮﻧﺎﺛ ﺐﻴآاﺮﺗ )

ﺔﻘﺣﻻ (

تﺎآﺮﺤﻟا ﻞﻌﻔﺑ ﺮﺨﺼﻟا نﻮﻜﺗ ﺪﻌﺑ نﻮﻜﺘﺗ ﺔﻴﻧﻮﺘﻜﺘﻟا

3- Contacts ﺔﻳﺮﺨﺼﻟا تاﺪﺣﻮﻟا ﻦﻴﺑ ﺔﻠﺻﺎﻔﻟا دوﺪﺤﻟا

4- Fractures (Joints, Shear Fractures)

ﺔﻴﺼﻘﻟا قﻮﻘﺸﻟاو ﻞﺻاﻮﻔﻟا ﻞﺜﻣ قﻮﻘﺸﻟا

5- Veins قوﺮﻌﻟا “Precipitated minerals”

6- Faults ( عوﺪﺼﻟا ) ﻖﻟاﻮﻔﻟا 7- Folds ﻲﻄﻟا

8- Foliations قرﻮﺘﻟا

9- Lineation ﻂﻄﺨﺘﻟا 10- Shear zone

LECTURE

Test 1: 10% = Mon. 10/4/30 Test 2: 10% = Sat. 7/5/30 Test 3: 10% = Sat. 6/6/30 Final: 30% = Late 6/30

Presentation: 5%

Attendance: 5%

LABORATORY

Lab assignments & Attendance : 10%

Lab Practical exam: 20%

The lecture final exam will be cumulative over lecture

material. The lecture exams will be composed primarily

of essay type questions, multiple choice or true/false

questions….

1-Primary structures

2- Folds 3- Faults

4- Shear zone

5- Plate Tectonics

6- Foliation & lineation

7- Contacts & Unconformities Term Paper

8- joints

ﻴﻟﺎﺘﻟا تﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻤﻟا ﻲﻓ ﻲﺳارد ﺚﺤﺑ ﻞﻤﻌﻟ تﺎﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻲﻟإ بﻼﻄﻟا ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻢﺘﻴﺳ

ﺔ