TAP CHl LICH sur DitNG11-201S
QUA TRlNH PHATTRIEN LY LUAN 1
CUA DANG CONG SAN VIET NAM
V E D A N end V A N H A N QUYEN
PGS, TS HOANG VAN NGHIA Hpc vien Chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
1
. Ly tudng vd giai phdng con ngudi, giai phdng dan tdc vd gidi phdng todn thd nhan loai la khat vpng chay bdng vd myc tidu cao ca ciia nhihig ngudi cdng sdn. Dd cung chinh Id ly tudng vd dan chu va nhan quydn vira la muc dich tdi thuang ma su nghi?p each mang ciia Ddng va ddn tdc hudng tdi va la ngpn cd dich thyc ciia Dang tdp hgp siic manh cua khdi dai doan kdt toan dan tdc va siic manh ciia mdi cd nhdn, mpi tdng ldp nhan dan vd nhdm xd hdi. Dang va Nha nudc Vift Nam ludn quan tdm ddn vifc cham lo cho con ngudi, tdn ttpng, bao dam vd thyc flii cdc quydn ty do, ddn chii cho cdng ddn. Cac quydn con ngudi ciing nhu co chd bao ddm, fliyc thi ddn chu, quydn ty do dan chu c i a cdng ddn Id mdt ttong nhimg npi dung c6t ydu ciia cdc chidn lupc phat tiidn kinh td-xa hdi va cuang linh phdt tridn ddt nudc, ttong cdc van kifn ciia Ddng, phdp ludt va chinh sach ciia Nhd nudc;Id mpt ttong nhirag nhiem vy ttpng tdm cua mpi thdi ky cdch msing.
Trong he thdng ly luan dd so va vd cung phong phu cua cac vi lanh tu kift xudt va cua E)ang, khdng tiid khdng dd cap ddn ly luan vd ddn chu vd nhan quydn-vdn ddng vai tid la mdt trong nhQng try cdt va xuong sdng ciia ly luan cua
Dang ve con dudng dau tranh giai phong dan tpc, giai phong giai cap, giai phong con ngudi. Ly luan ciia Dang ve dan chii va nhan quyen chinh la he thdng cac chu tnrong, dudng loi, quan di6m, chinh sach, chien lugc va sach lupc each mang vdi muc tieu cao ca do la Td qudc dugc tir do, dan tgc dupc dgc lap, dat nudc dugc thong nhat, dan quyen dugc bao dam va dan sinh dirge hanh phiic. Muc tieu cao ca cua Dang cung la muc tieu cua dan tgc: phan dau vi mgt nudc Viet Nam dan giau, nuac manh, dan chu, cong bang, van minh.
Do cflng la ly tudng va khat vgng chay bong cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh '1am sao cho mrdc nhi dugc hoan toan doc lap, dan ta dugc hoan toan tu do, ddng bao ai ciing cd com an ao mac, ai cung dugc hgc hanh".
2
. Ngay tir ra khi ra ddi, Dang da dac biet chu trgng va quan tam den van de dan chit, nhan quyen, xem do la muc tieu tdi thugng cua dudng Idi each mang. Mue tieu ciia Dang Cgng san la lanh dao giai cap cdng nhan va nhan dan Iao dgng va toan the dan tge gianh dgc lap dan tge, ai ciing dugc co eam an, ao mac, dugc hoc hanh,... Ly tudng va muc tieu cao ca eua Dang Cdng san Viet Nam la nham hien thuc hda nhiJDg khat vgng het siic binh di ay. Dd khdng khac giDIEN D A N TRAO Djfl
hem la cac quyen va ty do CO ban ciia moi ngudi, cgng ddng va ca dan tpc.
Chdnh cuang vdn tdt cua Ddng vd Sdch lupc vdn tdt cda Ddng (Cuong finh 1930) khdng dinh:
"A- Vd phuong didn xa hdi flii: a) Dan chiing dupc ty do td chlic; b) Nam n& bmh quydn, v.v..
c) Phd flidng gido dye theo cdng ndng hoa; B- Vd phuong difn chmh hi: a) Ddnh dd dd qudc chu ngbia Phdp vd bpn phong kidn, b) Lam cho nudc Nam dugc hoan todn dpc \ap, c) Dyng ra Chmh phu cdng ndng binh, d) Td chuc ra quan dpi cdng ndng; - Vd phuang difn kinh td:... c) Thdu hdt mpng ddt ciia dd qudc chii nghla lam cua cdng chia cho ddn cdy ngheo, d) Bd suu thud cho dan cay ngjieo, e) Md mang cdng nghiep vd ndng nghiep, f) Thi hanh luat ngay ldm tam gid"'. CJ day, cdc quydn vd ty do ca bdn ciia mdi ngudi gdn hen vdi quyen ddc 1^ dan tdc, xda bd mpi hinh fliijc bdc lot vd quan tdm d^c bidt d ^ ngudi lao dfng.
Trudc bdi canh sy bidn chuydn ldn lao cua thdi dai vdo nhihig th^p nien 80 va 90 ciia thd ky XX, dudi dnh sdng cua sy nghiep ddi mdi, van de dan chii vd nhdn quydn dupc Dang het siic quan tdm. Cuang linh xdy dung ddt nudc trong thdi ky qud dp len chtJ nghia xa hpi ndm 1991 da danh ddu budc ngodt ttong nhdn thurc ly ludn cua Dang vd CNXH, ddn chu va quydn con ngudi. Cuang ITnh vach ra quydt tdm ciia Ddng ddi vdi vide Ianh dao Nhd nudc va todn xd hdi nhdm xdy dyng mpt xa hfi ddn chu, van minh vi lpi ich chdn chinh va phdm gia con ngudi... Ddn chu gdn lidn vdi cdng bdng xd hdi phai dugc thyc hien ttong th\rc td cudc sdng ttdn tdt cd cac ITnh vuc chinh tri kinh td, vdn hda, xa hfi thdng qua hogt dfng cua nha nudc do nhdn dan cii ra va bdng cdc hinh thuc dan chu true tidp. Dan chu di ddi vdi ky ludt, ky cuang phai dupc thd chd hda bdng phdp ludt
va dugc phap luat bao dam. Nhd nude dinh ra cdc dgo lugt nham xdc dinh cdc quyen cong ddn va quydn con ngudi, quydn di ddi vdi nghia vu va trach nhidm.
3
. Ly ludn ciia Dang ve dan chu va quydn con ngudi dupc phan anh ddm net khdng chi trong cac vdn kidn Dai hpi ciia Ddng ma cdn ttong cdc chi thi vd nghi quyet ciia Bp Chinh tii.Ddc bift Id, Chi flii 12/CT-TW ngdy 12-7-1992 ciia Bd Chinh tii vd Vdn de quyin con ngudi vd quan diim, chu tneang cua Ddng^ da flie hidn cd dpng cac quan didm ca ban cua Dang vd ddn chu vd nhdn quyen. Dd la:
Thie nhdt, quydn con ngudi la gia tri chung cua nhdn loai. Quydn con ngudi la thanh qua cua cudc dau ttanh lau dai qua cac thdi dai cua nhdn dan lao ddng vd cdc ddn tpc hi dp biic ttdn the gidi, ddng thdi la thdnh qua cua cupc ddu ttanh ciia loai ngudi lam chu thien nhidn. Vi vdy, quydn con ngudi ttd thanh gia tri chung cua nhdn loai^ Ddy la quan diem hdt sue diing ddn cua Dang khang dinh sy nghidp each mang giai phdng giai cdp, giai phdng ddn tpc va giai phdng toan nhdn loai vi cdc quydn vd ty do ca bdn cho todn thd nhan loai, ma trudc hdt va quan ttpng nhat la cho cdc ddn tpc thupc dia va nhdn dan lao ddng, ydu chudng cdng ly, tu do vd hod binh ttdn todn the gidi; Id bdn chdt cua chd dp XHCN, la muc dich va phuang tifn ciia sy phdt ttidn bdn vung va sy gidi phdng todn didn nang lyc va phdm chdt con ngudi.
Hue hai, ttong xa hpi cd giai cap ddi khang, khai nifm quydn con ngudi mang tinh giai cdp.
Quydn con ngudi phdn dnh tinh giai cap sdu sdc bdi le y nifm va quan nifm vd quydn phdn dnh y chi, he tu tudng ciia giai cdp flidng tii dugc the chd hda flidnh luat. Giai cdp tfidng tii Ml hdi thudng ^ ddt y chi cua nflnh thanh nhung chd
iTAPCHf LICH siirDANG 11-2015
dinh luat phap nhdm bao vf cac quydn vdn (E, xet vd ban chdt cua xa hdi phdn chia giai c ^ ddi khang. Id nhimg ddc an vd ddc quyen cua giai cap thdng tii ma flidi.
Thic ba, quydn con ngudi gdn lidn vdi dfc ldp ddn tpc va CNXH. Dang khdng dinh, gjai phdng con ngudi gdn hen vdi giai phdng dan tdc, gidi phdng giai c ^ , gidi phdng xa hfi. Chi dudi tien dd dpc % dantpc vd CNXH tiii quydn con ngudi mdi cd didu kifn duoc bao dam rdng rai, ddy du vd tipn v?n nhdt*.
The tu, quydn vd lgi ich ciia ca nhan phdi ludn gdn U ^ vdi quydn va lgi ich cua cpng ddng, vdi dpc l^p ddn tpc va CNXH; quydn ddn chii, ty do cua cd nhdn khdng tdch rdi nghia vy va trdch nhifm cdng ddn; dan chit phdi di ddi vdi ky cuong, phdp ludt. Ddng cung ddc bift nhdn manh vifc cdn thidt phai md rdng ddn chii XHCN, phat huy quydn ldm chu ciia nhan dan, ddng tiidi thuc hifn chuydn chinh vdi mpi hdnh ddng xam pham Ipi ich ciia Td qudc, cua nhan dan^
Thic ndm, quydn con ngudi gdn vdi quydn dan tdc co bdn va thudc pham vi chu quydn qudc gia. Quan didm nay dap tan thuydt "nhdn quydn cao hon chu quydn" ma cac the lyc thu dich va phuang Tdy dp ddt.
Thu sdu, quyen con ngudi ludn ludn gdn lidn vdi hch sir, truydn thong va phy thufc vdo trinh dp phat tridn kinh td, vdn hoa cua ddt nudc.
Quan diem nay chi ra rang quydn con ngudi phu thudc vdo trinh dp nhan thuc v^ phap lu^t va vd quydn con ngudi cua ngudi dan; cac gid tn vdn hod va bdn sdc truydn thdng ciia dan tfe Vlft Nam la nhiing nhdn td tich cyc cdu thanh npi dung cua quydn con ngudi va thiic ddy sy phdt tiidn cua quyen con ngudi nhu chu nghia ydu nudc, chii nghia nhan van, nhdn dao, nhu sy khoan dung, ldng nhan ai,..; miic dp hudng thy cac quydn con ngudi phy tiiupc vao trinh dp
phat hidn eua kinh te-xa hdi, y thirc ve phap luat va quydn ciia ngudi dan, "'quyen khong bao gia cao han Irinh do phdt trien kinh te vd vdn hod cita xd hpi" (CMac).
Thic bdy, tdn ttgng va bao dam quyen con ngudi trudc het la trach nhiem cua Nha nucrc, la cdng viec ndi bg eiia mdi quoc gia, viec hpp tac qudc te nham thiie day mirc do thu huong cae quyen con ngudi phai tren ca sd cua sy ton trgng quyen dan tge tu quyet, chu quyen va an ninh qudc gia; khdng the ap dat hoac sao chep may mdc cac tieu ehuan, md thuc ciia nuoc nay cho nude khac ttong van de nhan quyen, dan ehu^.
Ly luan cua Dang ve dan ehu va nhan quyen ludn khdng ngimg tiep tuc dugc bd sung va phat hien qua cac ky dai hdi eua Dang. Bao eao Chinii tri Dai hgi IX ciia Dang (2001) khang djnh;
"Cham lo cho con ngudi, bao ve quyen va lgi ich hgp phap ctia mgi ngudi; tdn ttgng va thuc hien eae dieu ude quoe te ve quyen con ngudi ma Viet Nam da ky ket hoac tham gia"''-
Cuang lmh xdy dung ddt nudc trong thdi ky qud do len chu nghfa xa hoi (Bd sung, phat trien nam 2011) xae dinh mue tieu cua viec xay dyng phat trien dat nudc la nham khcri day va bao dam "pham gia eon ngudi", "con ngudi la ehii the phat trien" va "ton ttgng va bao ve quyen con ngudi, gan quyen con ngudi vdi quyen va lgi ich ciia dan tgc va quyen lam ehu ciia nhan dan", eung nhu khang djnh quyen dugc thong tin va quyen ty do sang tao cua cong dan^ Dai hgi XI ciia Dang khang dinh nghia vu ciia Nha nudc khdng chi d viec tdn ttgng ma cdn bao dam cac quyen con ngudi, quyen edng dan. Ro rang Cuang ITnh da the hien mgt budc phat trien mcri ttong nhan thuc cua Dang ve quyen con ngucn.
theo do khdng chi xem cac quyen eon ngucn ttong gidi han bdi cac quyen cdng dan, done
DIEN DAN TRAO Ddl
thdi ddc biet nhdn manh den vai tib va nghia vu cua Nhd nudc frong vifc tdn ttgng va bao dam (bao gdm bdo ve vd thuc hien) cac quydn con ngudi va quydn cdng ddn. Day chinh Id sy phan dnh dam net nguydn tdc nen tdng ciia quyen con ngudi: quydn con ngudi chi ra chu flid cua quydn (hic cdc cd nhan va nhdm xd hfi) dupc hudng;
ddng thdi chi ra trdch nhidm ma chii flid nghia vu (Nha nudc) phdi ddp img.
Ctecng linh xdy dung ddt nudc trong thm ky qud dp lin ehu nghia xa hpi
fBd sung, phdt tridn ndm 2011) dd khdng dinh sy but pha ttong ly luan cua Ddng vd con dudng hien thyc hda cdc quydn hi do vd ddn chu cua nhan dan. Trdn co sd kd thua vd phat tridn nhiing lu^ didm cd tinh nguyen tdc dupc khdng dinh ttong cdc vSn kidn Dai hdi Dang trudc do, Dai hgi XI ciia Dang d^c biet nhdn manh ddn cdch thlic vd con dudng, md nhd dd, nhan dan thyc hanh dupc cdc quydn ty do, dan chii cua mmh mgt cdch rpng rdi vd hifu qua. Vdn kidn
khdng dinh: "Nhan ddn fliuc hifn quydn lam chu flidng qua ho^t dfng cua Nha nudc, cua ca he thdng chinh tri va cdc hinh thiic dan chii tryc tiep, ddn chii dai didn"*. B^\ hgi XI cua Ddng vach ra dudng ldi diing ddn cho vide xdc ldp nguydn tac hidn dinh va ludt dinh, do Id khdng ngimg md rfng va tang cudng cdc quydn dan chu cua nhdn ddn thdng qua hinh thiic tryc tidp vd d^ didn.
D i ^ nay cho tiidy mpt sy dinh hudng quan trpng cho cdng tdc lap hidn va lap p h ^ cua (Judc hdi tdi day. Tdng cudng hinh thiic ddn chu ttye tidp,
dupe nhdn manh trong Van kien Dai hdi XI, d day ham y chi ra, bao gdm nhiing chd dinh ddi vdi cac quydn ty do vd ddn chu lam tidn dd cho vide tiiyc hanh dan chu true tiep. Chdng ban, dd la quydn phiic quydt cua nhdn dan trudc nhung van de ttpng dai cua ddt nudc va hdn quan true tidp ddn hp (bao gdm quydn dupc trung cau y kidn vd vide suta ddi Hien phdp); quydn bai midn, mien nhifm ddi vdi cdc dai bidu Qudc hdi va Hpi ddng nhdn dan; quydn dupc tham gia sau rpng
vao cdc td chirc xd hpi, t6 chuc nghd nghifp, tir thidn va cdng ddng dd khdng ngimg hidn tiiyc hda quydn lam chu cua nhdn ddn.
Nguydn tdc td chiic vd hoat dpng cua Nhd nudc sd quydt dinh den vifc bdo dam quyen con ngudi.
Quan didm diing ddn ciia Dfuig mdt ldn nua dupc khang dinh tai Dai hdi XI cua Dang, dd Id: "Quydn lyc Nhd nudc Id thdng nhat;
cd su phdn cdng, phdi hpp vd kidm soat giC^ cac ca quan ttong vide thyc hidn cdc quydn lap phap, hdnh phdp, tu phap'"**. Ndn dan chu XHCN dugc thidt kd dua ttdn nguyen tac t$p trung dan chu.
Tuy nhien, ttong khi nhdn manh ddn nguydn tdc thdng nhdt ttdn ca sd phdn cdng, phdi hgp cua quydn Iuc nha nudc, nguydn tdc kidm scat giiia cac CO quan (ttong vide thyc hidn cdc quy^
lap phdp, hanh phap, tu phdp) phdi dupc xem Id nguydn tdc song trimg. Chiifli vi vdy, Hidn phap 2013 ^idu 2 (3) da ldn ddu tidn chd dinh nguydn tdc kidm sodt quydn lire nha nudc, theo dd: "Quydn luc nha nudc la thdng rflidt, cd sy Ly luan ve dan diO va nhan quyen
la mot trong nhiiing tru cot va xUtfng song cAa ly luan ^ D^ng ve con dudng dau tranh ySA phong dan toe,
^ i phong giai cap, giai phong nhan loai. Ly hi&i cua Odng ve dan diu va nhan quyen diinh la he dwng cac diii tmong, tfudkig KH, quan Aem, chmh sach, chi«i luoc va sadi btfccach mang vdi muc tieu cao cd d6 la To quoc dU0C tudo, dan toe dU0c doc lap, ( ^ midc dUtfc thong nhat, dan quyen dU0c bao i&m va dan sii^ dUOc hanh phiic.
TAP CHi LICH sir OANG 11-2015
phan cdng, phdi hgp, kidm sodt giua cdc ca quan nhd nudc ttong vifc ihuc hien cdc quydn
\^p phdp, hdnh phdp, tu phap"".
Bao ddm ddn chu va nhan quydn ddi hdi vifc kidm sodt quydn lyc nhdm han chd su lam dung, ti^ia hda ttd thanh lyc lugng can ttd hay tudc di cdc quydn va ty do ca ban cua ngudi dan. Tdng cudng vai ttd gidm sat cua nhan dan ddi vdi boat ddng ciia cdc co quan quydn lyc nhd nudc la mpt nhifm vu then chdt ttong vifc xdy dyng mdt Nhd nudc phap quydn XHCN. Ndn ddn chu XHCN vd cac quydn, ty do ca bdn cua nhdn dan chi thuc sy dugc xdc lap va hidn thyc hda day dli ndu nhu mpi quydn lyc cdng ddu dugc gidm sdt chat chd. Bao cao tdng kdt 20 nam thuc hifn Cuang lmh (1991-2011) ciia Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uong Ddng khda X, chi ra nhiing ban chd cua vide chua thd chd hoa ddy dii ba vdn dd cdt Idi mang bdn chdt cua Nhd nudc phap quydn XHCN. Dd la, 1) toan bf quydn lyc nha nudc thupc vd nhan ddn; 2) trdch nhidm cua Nhd nudc chdm lo, bdo vf quydn va lgi ich chinh ddng ciia nhan dan; va 3) boat ddng cua bf may nha nudc phai tiidt sy ddn chu'^ Vi vdy, Van kidn Dai hdi XI cua Ddng da ddc bidt nhdn mgnh vide "tidp h^c xdy dyng, timg budc hoan tiiien co chl kidm tiB, gidm sat tmh hpp hidn, hgp phdp ttong cac boat dpng va quyet djnh cua cdc co quMi cdng quydn"'\ Nhdn dan tiiyc hanh quydn kiem ti^, giam sat dy thdng qua ca hai hinh tiuic tinic tidp va gian tidp.
Ly luan ciia Dang vd dan chu va nhan quydn ludn gdn hdn vdi thyc tidn chinh tri-xa hdi cua dat nudc.Trong khi khdng dinh dan chu va quydn con ngudi chmh la bdn chdt ciia chd dd xa hfi XHCN, Dang vd Nha nudc Viet Nam ddc bift nhdn mgnh ddn tinh uu vidt cua md hmh xd hdi XHCN ciing nhu cua dan chii, nhdn quydn. Ddng vd Nhd nudc tdn trpng cdc quyin vd tu do ddn
chil cita moi ngirdi dong thdi khdng dinh nguyen tdc phdp che XHCN phdi duac de cao de duy tri trdt tuxd hpi, ky cuang vd len dn doi v&i bit cit hdnh vi lai dung quyen tu do. ddn chu de tiin hdnh cdc hogt dpng chong phd chinh quyen nhm ddn, xdm phgm den quyen vd lai ich ciia nguoi khdc, cua cpng dong vd todn xd hoi
Quyen con ngudi khdng chi trudc het duoc the hidn thanh nhiing eam ket, tuyen bo va quyet tam chinh tri, ma dieu quan ttgng hem, nd can phai dugc tdn trpng va bao dam tten ca sd phap ly va viec thyc thi. Chinh vi vay, Cuang linh xay dieng ddt nudc trong thdi ky qud dp len chit nghta xd hpi (Bd sung, phat trien nam 2011) khang dinh nguyen tac bao dam hien dinh va luat dinh ddi vdi cac quyen con ngudi: '"Ddn chii xa hpi chu nghta la ban chdt cua che do ta, viia la muc tieu, vira la dgng luc ciia su phat trien dat nudc. Xay dung va timg budc hoan thien nen dan chii xa hpi chu nghTa, bao dam dan ehu dugc thuc hien ttong thuc te cugc sdng d mdi cap, tren tat ca cac ITnh vuc. Dan chu gan lien vdi ky luat, ky cuong vil phai dugc the ehe hoa bang phap luat, dugc phap ludt bao dam"'''.
Vdi tinh than bd sung va phat trien ve 1^
luan ciia Dang tir su soi chieu vao doi hoi cua thue tidn, Cuang lmh xdy dung ddt nuoc trong thdi ky qud dp len chit nghia xd hoi (B6 sung, phat trien nam 2011) tiep hic khang dinh nguyen tac khdng ngimg ciing cd va tang cudng tinh hieu qua hinh thiie dan chii dai dien ciia nhan dan song song vdi viec md rpng hinh thlic dan chii true tiep. Mpt trong nhung tien de quan ttgng cho viec thuc hanh dan ehu rgng rai cua nhan dan dd la thyc hanh dan chii ttong Dang, trong td chiic va hoat dgng cua bg may Nha nudc, dac biet ia thdng qua hoat dgng lap phap xac lap viec md rdng eae hinh thirc dan
H i true
DlCNSANTMODdl
a
ittyc tidp; ddng thdi nhan dan se thyc hidn
^lam chil mgt each gidn tiep thdng qua toan bp hoat ddng ldnh dao cua Ddng, qudn ly
P
'Jha nudc, gidm sdt ciia cdc td chiic-xd hdi, the nhdn ddn va cdng ddng.4
. Quydn con ngudi chi thyc sy dugc tdn trgng, bdo dam vd tiiuc hifn ddy du trong didu kifn nhdn tinic ciia nhfing chii tiid quydn va chu tiid nghia vy ay dat mpt trinh dp y tiuic ty gidc cao dugc chuydn hda thdnh hdnh ddng thyc tien cu the. Y thlic sau sdc vd vifc tdn ttpng, bao dam va thyc hifn cdc quydn con ngudi la mdt ddi hdi tdt ydu va quan trpng hdng ddu ciia nhung ngudi dai didn cho nhan dan thyc thi quydn luc cdng.Nha nudc phdp quydn XHCN ciia nhdn dan, do nhdn dan vd vi nhdn ddn se khdng thd dugc xac lap hodn toan ndu tiiieu vdng vide tbuc hdnh cdc quydn va hi do dan chu rpng rai cua mpi ngudi dan. NhGng nguyen tdc hidn dinh vd td chiic va boat dpng cua Nhd nudc, ve quydn con ngudi va quydn cdng ddn chi trd tiidnh chdn gid tri va bdn viing ndu chiing xudt phdt tii vide xem nhdn dan la chii quyen tdi cao ciia mpi quydn lyc va chu thd ciia cdc quydn va ty do co bdn cua con ngudi.
Qudn triet cdc quan didm va chu truong cua Dang, cho ddn nay, Nhd nudc ta the chd hda cdc quyen con ngudi tiianh cdc nguyen tac hidn dinh va luat dinh, ddng thdi tich cue tiiam gia vd tiiyc hien nghidm hic hang chyc van kifn CO bdn cua Lidn hgp qudc vd quydn con ngudi.
Tii Hien phdp ndm 1946 cho ddn Hien phdp nam 2013, ttdi qua gdn bay thdp ky, da khdng ngiing md rpng vide chd dinh cac quydn vd tu do CO bdn ciia cdng dan, tii vide md rdng npi
t
, khdi nifm den chii thd va npi dung cua quydn. Didu nay cho thdy Dang vd Nha nudc Vlft Nam ddc bift coi tixing vide bdo dam^ B c h i i vd nhan quydn, xem do nhu Id muc
dich tu thdn cua qua ttinh hdi nhdp qudc te va phdt tridn ttong bdi cdnh nhung bidn chuydn maifli rae cua thdi dai.
Khdng dinh cac chdn gid tri ve dan chu va nhdn quydn trong quan nidm cua Ddng cd y nghia dac bift ^lan trpng ttong bdi cdnh hifn nay, trudc su tan cdng vd mat Iy luan, tu tudng cua cac tiid lyc tiiii dich hdng phu nhdn he tu tudng ciia Ddng, phu nhdn nhung thdnh tyu cao cd ma Dang va nhdn dan ta da dat dupc. Ddn chu, nhdn quydn la phuong tien va ddng lyc cua sy phdt tiidn xd hdi, ddng tfldi Id muc tidu cudi cimg cua CNXH. Dd la ndi dung co bdn trong he gia tii myc tieu kidn dinh cua CNXH dugc Ddng khdng dinh trong cdc ky Dai hdi: "ddn gidu, nude mgnh, ddn chti, cong bdng, ddn chu, vdn minh ". Dd ciing chinh la lua chpn duy nhdt diing ddn cho sy trudng tdn va con dudng di ldn cua dan tpc ta.
I. Dang Cpng san Viet Nam: Van ki^n Ddng Todn tap, Nxb CTQG, H. 2002,T2, tt.2-3
2,3,4,5,6. Xem Ban Chi dao vd Nhan quydn cua Chinh phu: Tong kit Chi thi 12 ciia Ban Bi thu Trung uang Dang ve "Vdn de quyen con nguai vd quan diim, cha tneang cita Ddng", Nxb CT-HC, H, 2012, tr. 13,13,13,13,13
7. Dang Cong san \^et Nam: Vdn ki$n Dgi hgi dgi biiu todn quoc ldn thit IX, Nxb CTQG, H, 2001, tr. 134
8, 9,10, 13, 14. Ddng Cfng san Vift Nam: Van ki4n Dgi hpi dgi bieu todn qudc ldn thu XI, Nxb CTQG, H, 2011, fr. 76,85,85,247,84-85
II. Hien phdp nuac Cong hoa Xa hpi chd nghia VietNam 2013, http://www.vietlaw.gov.vn
12. Xem Bdo cdo tong kit 20 nam thuc hi?n Cuang ITnh xdy dung ddt nu&c trong thai ky qud dp ien chu nghia xa hpi (1991-2011). Nxb CTQG, H, 2010, tr.130.
