ItH odi lillliMW
Anh hirdng cua bidn ddi khi haui
ivdi nganh Cdng nghiep ddng tau
Khi cdng nghiep phit trien thi lugng khi thai cdng nghiep ma chu yeu la khi CO2, metan vi oxit nita cUng ngay cang tang cao. Lugng khi CO2 do dugc hien nay trong khi quyen da ting len khoing 30% so vdd cudi theky XIX va cdn cd khi nang tang len gip hai lin vao gida the ky XXL Diy la nguyen nhin chinh giy ra bidn doi khi hiu (BDKH) va nuac bien ding (NBD). Nganh Cdng nghiep ddng tau cUng true tiep hoac giin tiep gay ra BDKH va NBD, nhung cUng dang phai
chiu nhiiu anh huong tir BDKH vi NBD.
BDKH la nguyen nhan chinh gay anh huong den nganh Cong nghiep Dong tauTac ddng BDKH va NBD den nganh Cdng nghiep Ddng tau
BDKH va NBD da Iam anh hudng ldn den boat ddng ctia nganh Cdng nghiep ddng tau, trong dd tap trung chti yeu vao mdt sd yeu td. Dd la: Anh hudng cua nhiet do tang, khien miic dg tieu thti nang lugng tren mgt dem vi san pham cd xu hudng ngay cang cao, cd the do phai tang cudng he thdng lam mat; Anh hudng ciia mua lii: mua lii cudn thee phu sa gay bdi lang ldng sdng, anh hudng den muc nudc ha thiiy khien cho chi phi nao vet khu vuc ha thtiy ngay cang cae, nhat la khu vuc mien Trung, Tay Nguyen. Anh hudng cua mua ket hgp vdi trieu cudng khien mgt sd nha may ddng tau thudc khu vuc Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh bi anh hudng, chiu thiet hai nang ne, ngap lut nha xudng, khe bai chiia nguyen vat lieu. Mua ket hap vdi trieu cudng da lam stit Itin nhieu nha xudng ciia Cdng ty Cdng nghiep Tau thiiy Sai Gdn khien doanh nghiep phai bd ra hang ty ddng de nang cdt nha xudng, xay mdi va nang cdt cac be do thilt bi may mdc, tdn cao bai chira nguyen vat lieu ngoai trdi ket hgp vdi ke kich nguyen vat Ueu de tranh bi ngap nudc dan din hu hdng. BDKH lam cho trai dat ndng len, muc nudc biln dang, lam tang lugng mua tai nhieu khu vuc. Tuy nhien, mdt anh hudng khac rat khd du bao va phdng ngiia dd la BDKH lam xuat hien nhung hien tugng thdi tilt bat thudng, lam thay ddi chi do mua. Theo ghi nhan trong may
nam gan day, miia mua tai TP. Hd Chi Minh thudng kee dai, gay anh hudng rat ldn den viec bean thien cac cen tau, dac biet la phan son vd tau. Tai Cdng ty Cdng nghiep Tau thiiy Sai Sdn, mdt sd hgp ddng bi cham tien do giao tau do anh hudng ciia thdi tiet (mua mua keo dai), khien cho viec son tau khdng the thuc hien dugc. Da cd nhung hgp ddng bi phat tien do, gay thiet hai ve kinh t l chi vi dieu kien thdi tiet khdng thuan lgi.
Ngugc lai, nganh Cdng nghiep ddng tau cung thai ra nhieu khi thai nha kinh gay ra BDKH va NBD dc tieu thu mgt lugng nguyen, nhien lieu ldn, vi vay da lam tang qua trinh khai thac khaang san (quang kim loai, than, khi ddt), chat pha rimg;
thai ra nhieu rac thai va rac thai nguy hai, dac biet khi stia chiia tau, tieu thu nhieu dien nang va gian tiep gay ra 3,3% khi nha kinh toan cau do boat ddng van tai thiiy. Nhu vay, boat dgng ciia nganh Ddng tau ciing true tiep va gian tiep phat sinh cac khi nha kinh gay ra BDKH.
Cac giai phap ring phd vdi BDKH va NBD den nganh Cong nghiep Dong tau
Cac chuyen gia chg rang, giai phap iing phd vdi BDKH va NBD ddi vdi nganh Cdng nghiep ddng tau cin bao gdm ca giai phap thich ung va giai phap giam thilu tac dgng. Cu the, cac giai phap thich ling, nhu: Ldng ghep v i n de BDKH treng quy beach phat triln nganh Ddng tau, qui hcach vl mat chien luge cac nha may ddng tau thee
5 0 CONC NCHIEP»Ky 1, Ihang 7/2011 Website: www.tapchicongnghiep.vn
BIINBOI
hudng tap trung cac ca sd quy m d ldn vao nhirng khu vuc an toan khdng bi de dga bdi nudc bien dang cac; han c h i p h a t t r i l n c a sd d vimg thap, vimg thudng xuyen bi tac d d n g bdi thien tai. Xay d u n g he thdng trag ddi thdng tin v l BDKH n g a n h Ddng tau vdi cac n g a n h khac. Tuyen truyen nang cao nhan thtic cho can bd cac d e a n h nghiep n g a n h Ddng tau thdng qua cac c h u e n g trinh hdi thag, tap huan, cai tag, n a n g c i p c a sd ha tang (tdn nen, nang cdt xudng) tai cac nha m a y d d n g tau, dac biet la cac nha may n a m ven bien; Di ddi nha xudng ddng tau len vi tri mdi cao h o n de tranh bi ngap Itit do nudc bien dang; Cai tao nha xudng, tang cudng he thdng thdng gid, lam mat; Thuc hien nao vet khu vuc ha thtiy ddi vdi nha m a y thudc cang sdng, gia cd b d ke ddi vdi cac nha m a y thudc cang b i l n d l chdng lai trieu cudng va NBD.
Cac giai p h a p giam thieu tac d d n g nhu: d i u tu, phat t r i l n cdng n g h e , t h i l t bi mdi hien dai, ddng bg n h a m tiet kien dien n a n g , n g u y e n lieu, xay d u n g chuong trinh sii d u n g n a n g l u g n g tilt kiem va hieu qua, bdi d d n g tau la m d t trong nhung n g a n h cdng n g h i e p sir d u n g lugng dien nang ldn, cac cdng d o a n tii t h i l t k l tren d i t lien, ddng tau tai cang bien... d e u sir d u n g dien nang dugc cung cap tii cac n h a m a y nhiet dien (vdi n h i i u nudc d a n g p h a t trien), d u g c chay b a n g ngudn than cdc hoac d a u md. Ciing vdi dd la nghien ciiu cdng n g h e che tao d d n g eg sii dting cac nhien lieu sinh hgc hoac n a n g lugng tai tao, thiet ke d d n g ca tau sii d u n g nhien lieu sach, n h u nhien lieu sinh hgc, pin nhien lieu, n a n g lugng tai tag (nang lugng gid, n a n g l u g n g m a t trdi...) cd the giam d a n g ke lugng khi CO2 p h a t thai so vdi ddng CO sir dting nhien lieu hda thach. N g u d n
n a n g lugng sinh hgc ciing cd the la m d t giai p h a p hiiu ich trong sd cac giai p h a p ve thay the nhien lieu. Tuy nhien, cac n g u d n n a n g l u g n g n a y t h u d n g chi cd the thay the m d t p h a n lugng n a n g lugng diing de chay tau, d a u t u chg nghien ctiu thiet ke md hinh tau mdi than thien mdi trudng.
D I ung phd vdi BDKH thi su nd Itic ciia d e a n h nghiep khdng la chua dti, ma can thiet phai cd su hd trg t u phia N h a nudc, dac biet la ciia Bg chu quan. Vi vay, vai trd cua Bd Cdng Thuong trong viec hd tig cac dearth nghiep thudc Bd iing phd vdi BDKH cd y nghia quyet dinh trong giai d e a n dau cua chueng trinh iing phd vdi BDKH nay. Cac chuyen gia cho rang, Bd Cdng Thuong can tap trung vao mdt sd d u an chg n a m 2011 va cac nam tiep thee n h u sau: Dii an k i l m ke phat thai khi nha kinh cac nganh va xay d u n g bd dii lieu ve phat thai khi nha kinh cua nganh Cdng Thucng; Du an trien khai thi d i l m xii ly khi nha kinh mdt sd nganh thudc Bd Cdng Thuong; Dti an nghien ciixi thay the nhien lieu hda thach b a n g n a n g lugng mdi va nang lugng tai tag; D u an chuyen ddi nhien lieu hda thach bang nhien lieu mdi than thien mdi trudng.
Thanh lap quy hd trg iing phd vdi BDKH nganh Cdng Thuong. Ben canh do, can day manh cac d u an thugc chuong trinh su d u n g nang lugng tiet kiem va hieu qua, chueng trinh san xuat sach hon;
xay dung ca che hd trg, khuyen khich cac d e a n h nghiep thudc Bd tham gia thuc hien eac d u an CDM; d u an tuyen truyen nang cac nhan thuc ve BDKH chg cac d e a n h nghiep nganli Cdng Thuong;
xay d u n g ce che, chinh sach khuyen khich, thuc day cac dganh nghiep thirc hien cac giai p h a p giam thieu phat thai khi nha k i n h . / .
Tii Thanh
Nhat Ban hA trd Ddng bang sdng Cuti Long utig phd vdi bidn ddi Ichi ban
Cac tinh ven bien D o n g b a n g sdng Ciru Lgng - vua Ilia ciia ca n u d c va la m d t trgng ba d d n g b i n g d l bi tdn t h u a n g n h i t bdi b i l n ddi khi h a u se dugc n h a n khoan hd trg k h o a n g 2 trieu USD tii Co quan H g p tac Q u d c te N h a t b a n (JICA) nhiim thuc hien Dir an thich u n g vdi b i l n ddi khi h a u d l phat t r i l n n d n g n g h i e p va n d n g thdn ben virng trong thdi gian 2 n a m (2011 - 2012).
Vira qua, dai dien cua JICA va Vien Quy hoach thtiy lgi m i i n N a m da ki k i t h g p tac hd trg Du an nay. Cii the, d u an se dua ra nhirng bien p h a p thich ling vdi b i l n ddi khi h a u trong p h a t t r i l n n d n g
nghiep va ndng thdn d viing ven b i l n DBSCL; d u bao va d a n h gia tac d d n g cua bien ddi khi hau giai doan trung va dai ban 2020- 2050; xay d u n g Q u y hoach tdng t h i thich ting vdi b i l n ddi khi hau; nang cao n a n g luc trong cdng tac lap quy hoach thich ting vdi bien ddi khi h a u va thuc hien cac dii an phat trien ndng nghiep va ndng thdn. Ben canh dd, Du an ciing se giup DBSCL xii ly su xam nhap man va xdi Id dat ven bien bdi nudc bien d a n g , s u an toan ciia nudc nggt va viec quy hgach sir d u n g d i t ndng n g h i e p . / .
Thuy Trang
Website: www.tapchicongnghiep.vn Ky 1. tiling 7/2011 «CdNC NCHIEP 5 1
