KHOA HOC,
CONG NGHE - CHUYEN GIAONGHIDN COU D\i[i KIEN VI Khf H A U NONG A M
TRONG XE RA OA VA TRANG THAI N H I $ T CO T H I COA T R A C T H O KHI LAO D O N G
PGS. TS. LE KHAC
DCTC,TS. TRAN VAN TUAN Hoc vien Quan y BSCKl. Lt MINH TAI
Cue Quan y
Tdm tat: Ve miia he a nirdc ta, khi cac khi tai quan si/xe ra da hoat dong thirdng phai chiu tic dong dong thdi cua nhieu yeu to sinh nhiet: birc xa mat trdi chieu vao xe, birc xa dien tir va dong ca may no... da lam tang nhiet do khong khi trong xe len tdi 35,5 ±2,4 (°C), cao han ngoai xe6,2°C va tuang irng vdi chi so WBGTtdi 30,4 ± 2,6 (°C), cao han ngoai xe 1,7°C va cao han TCCP. Trang thai nhiet ciia trac thu ra da sau lao dong cd nhitng thay doi ro ret ve sif tang nhiet do da, nhiet do vimg loi (nhiet do trung tam), nhiet do trung binh ca the, tan so mach va lirgng mo hoi bai tiet. Dieu nay phan anh ca the trac thu ra da cd sif cang thang ve chirc nang dieu hda nhiet, dong thdi bieu hien mot so trieu chirng cam giac chu quan cd sir met moi ca the.
Abstract: The millitary equipment including radar vihicle working in summer is always ef- fected by some simultaneous pyrogenetics such as: solar radiation, ultrahight frequency wave, engine... that made the average temperature inside it up to 35.5 ± 2.4 ("C), higher outside 6.2 °C;
WBGT index was 30.4 ± 2.6 ("C), higher outside 1.7 "C and more than standard level. The heat status of radar operator after working increasing: skin temperature, core temperature, avrerage of body temperature, heart rate, excreta of sweat. Those showed the heat strain of radar operator body and some symptoms of subjective sensation in tired body
I. DAT VAN Di
Hifn nay, Quan dpi ta van sur dung cac khi tai quan su ciia Lien X6 (truPc day) de huan luyfn, hpc tap va thuc thi nhifm vu. Cac khi tai nay khflng dupc "nhift dPi hda" do dd khi hoat dfng a Vift Nam da tao ra ganh nang nhift anh hudng tdi sure khoe bf dpi. VPi cac xe ra da, ngoai tac dfng cua ginh nang nhift do vi khi hau ndng cua tu nhien, trie thii cdn chju them tic dfng cua bdc xa difn td va dpng co may nd. Theo tfnh chi't nhiem vu ciia bp dpi ra da, hang ngay ho lam nhifm vu canh gitf bau trPi, giu binh yen cho da't nuPc trong mpi dieu kifn thdi tilt khi hau..., nhat la v l mua he hp phai chju tac dpng cua ddng thdi cac ylu td v l khf hau ndng va ta/dng difn tdanh hudng tPi v l trang thai nhift ciia cothl. Vi vay, chiing tdi thuc hifn nghien curu nay nhim muc tieu:
- oanh gia diiu kifn vi khi hau ndng a'm trong xe ra da dang hoat dpng;
- oanh gia trang thai nhift (nhift df co thi, tan s6 mach, fupng md hoi bay hai va bai tilt) va bilu hifn cam giac chu quan ciia mft sd trifu chdng trang thai sire khoe
lien quan cua trac thii ra da truPc va sau lao dfng khi lim vifc trong diiu kifn vi khi hau ndng am trong xe ra da.
II. DOI Tl/ONG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHlfiN
Ciru
11.1. odi tiWng nghien culU: 44 trac thu thuflc don vj X.
11.2. Phifcfng phap nghien ciini:
Tiln hanh nghien cdu theo phuong phap diiu tra cit ngang, mfl ta v l moi truPng, diiu kifn vi khi hau lao dfng ciia trie thu va cac chi tieu danh gia trang thai nhift va su thay ddi mpt sd chdc nang sinh ly co thi trude va sau lao dfng.
Nghien cdu dupc thuc hifn trong dieu kifn miia hf nam 2008.
cac phuang phap ky thuat do luong cac biln sd:
- cac ylu td vi khi hau (nhift df, df a'm, chuyin dfng khflng khf) dupc do bang bf tam cau vd tinh todn theo chi sd Yaglow.
- Cac chi tiSu v l sdc khoe gdm:
+ Nhift df trung tam do d dudi ludi bang nhift k l y
14
BAO HO LAO DONG12/2009
KHOA H O C .
CONG NGHE - CHUYEN GIAO
hpc thuy ngan;
+ Nhift df da do theo phuong phap 3 dilm cuia Bur- ton (nguc, tay, chan), dung cu do la may TEMP 60;
+ Lupng md hfli bai tilt va bay hoi dupc do bing can treo Trung Qudc cd df chfnh xac ± lOg;
+ Tan sd mach dupc do theo phuang phap b i t mach quay trong 1 phiit;
+ oanh gia cam giac chui quan ve mpt sd trifu chdng chdc nang cua trie thu bang philu phdng van.
HI. KET QUA NGHIEN CUU
III.1. Nghien ciru mot sd yeu t d moi tri/dng vi khi hau trong xe rada va ngoai trdi (xem cac Bing 1 va 2):
Qua kit qua Bang 1 cho thay: nhift df khflng khf trong cic xe ra da df u cao hon ngoai trPi: KASTA cao hon 4,5 - 6,0 CC); P18 cao hon 3,0 - 5,0 (°C), R14 cao hon 2,0 - 2,5 CC) va deu cao hon TCCP (> 32 "C). Of am khflng khi ca 3 xe phan IPn diu d trong TCCP (< 80%), chenh If eh nhau gida trong xe va ngoai trPi td 1 - 7%... Chi sd nhiet dp tdng
Bang 1: Dac diem cac yeu to vi khi hau trong xe ra da va ngoai trdi Loai xe
KASTA
P18
P14
Nai do Ngoai trdi Trong xe Chenh I6ch Ngoai trdi Trong xe Chenh lech Ngoai trdi Trong xe Chenh lech TCCP (miia nong)
Nhiet dp KK ("C) (min - max) 27,5-30,0 32,0 - 36,0 4,5 -6,0 27,0 - 32,0 30,0 - 37,0 3,0-5,0 31,0-33,5 33,0 - 36,0 2,0-2,5
32,0
Dp am KK (%) (min - max)
49,0-59,0 50,0 - 52,0 1,0-7,0 66,0 - 74,0 67,0 - 78,0 1,0-4,0 57,0 - 80,0 58,0 - 77,0
1-3
<80
Chi s6 Yaglow CC) (min - max)
25,75 - 27,6 26,40 - 30,05
0,65 - 3,65 25,0 - 28,8 27,75 -32,70 2,75 - 3,90 27,45 -30,05 28,35-31,45 0,90-1,40
29,4 Bang 2: So sanh chenh lech cac yeu to vi khi hau
trong va ngoai xe ra da (n = 15)
Cac yeu td vi khf hau Nhiet d6 kheng khi ( X ) Dp a'm kheng khi (%) Chi s6 WBGT CO
Trong xe (X ± SD) 35,5 ± 2,4 78,7 ± 5,5 30,4 ± 2,6
Ngoai xe (X ± SD) 29,3 ± 3,6 80,5 ± 4 , 6 28,7 ± 2,4
Chenh lech
6,2 1,8 1,7
P
<0,05
>0,05
<0,05
TCCP 32,0
<80 29,4 Bang 3: Ket qua cac chi tiiu trang thai nhiit cdthefn=44)
cac chi tieu
Nhiet de trung tSm CC) Nhiet do trung binh da ("C) Nhiet de trung binh co t h i ("C) T^n s6 mach (I/phut)
Luong m6 hOi bdi ti^t (kg/gid) Luong md hOi bay hoi (kg/gip) Hieu suat bay hoi (%)
Trude lao ddng 36,5 ± 0 , 5 33,3 ± 2,7 36,2 ± 1 , 5
73,0 Khong xac dinh Khong xac dinh Khdng xac dinh
Sau lao dong 37,4 ± 0,4 34,2 ± 2,6 37,2 ±1,6
86,6 0,5 0,37 74,0
hpp Yaglovkf cuia cfc xe ra da diu cao hon ngoai trPi: KASTA cao han 0,65 - 3,65 ("C); PI8 cao hon 2,75 - 3,90 ("C), P14 cao hon 0,90 -1,40 CC) va deu eao hon TCCP (29,4°C).
Qua kit qui Bing 2 eho thiy nhiet dp khflng khf trung binh trong cac xe ra da kha cao (35,5 ± 2,4 "C), cao hon ngoai xe 6,2°C va tuong dng vai chi sd WBGT tai 30,4 ± 2,6 CC), cao hon ngoai xe 1,7°C. Su chenh If ch nay khae nhau cfl y nghia thdng ke (p < 0,05). Oieu kien vi khf hau trong xe cao hon TCCP theo TCVN (2002).
11.2. Nghien cifU trang thai nhiet cd the trie thu ra da trong ca lam viec (xem Bang 3):
Kit qua Bing 3 cho thay: cae chi sd nhift df trung tam, nhift df trung binh da, nhift dp tmng binh co t h i va tin sd mach deu tang sau lao dfng. Lupng md h6i bai tilt d mde binh thuong va bay hoi md h6i kh6ng hoan toan (74%).
III.3. Ket qua nghien cifu met mdi, cang t h i n g cam xuc nghe nghiep (xem Bang 4):
Qua Bing 4 cho tha'y, sau lao dfng cam giac chu quan cua cac trie thii ra da phan IPn deu co su thay dfl'i cfc trifu chdng co nang so vdi trude lao dfng, trong do bilu hifn ro nhat la: nhdc d i u (91,3%), mft mdi (82,6%), u tai (52,2%), va ra md hfli chan tay (56,5%)...
IV. B A N LUAN
Chiing ta bie't rang bdc xa mat trdi la ngudn nang lupng sudi i m trai dit. Nang lupng nay iam ndng cdc vat t h i trdn mat dat. Theo R Moore thi 80% bdc xa mat troi chilu xudng trai da't se bj hap thu va chuyin thanh nhift nang. Hau hit cic loai khf tai quan sur, trong dd cd cac xe ra da dupc son mau xanh d l phii hpp vdi ngoai canh, mang tinh chat nguy trang dim bao bi mat, nhung cung cd tac dung hap phu nhift cao va ciing vdi nang lupng nhift eua difn td truang, dfng CO may nd trong xe da iam tang cac y l u td vi khi hau trong xe cao hon ngoai xe va cao hon mde TCCP (Theo Quylt djnh 3733 v l vf sinh lao dfng cua Bf Y t l nam 2002). Theo dd, OKLV trong xe ra da cd bdc xa sieu cao t i n ciing vdi nhift df khflng khi cao, dp am cao... cac chi tieu danh gia ve trang thai nhift va trang thai sdc khde cua bf dfi da cd thay
TfP chi
12 2009 BAO HO LAO DONC 15
KHOA HOC,
CONG NGHE - CHUYEN GIAOBang 4: Kit qui diiu tra phong van cim giic chu quan
Trieu chdng Nhdc dau Rdi loan gia'c ngu Met mdi toan than Dau vung nguc Cam giac trdng nguc Otai
Hoa mat, chong mat Dau va ngda d mat Run tay, chudt rut, co cdng CO
Ra md hoi ban tay, ban chan
Kho chiu vdi anh sang, tieng dfng
Hay quen, kho tap trung
Trude ca lam viec
Co
n 11
7 9 0 2 5 4 6 3 7 4 7
%
47,8 30,4 39,10,0 8,7
21,7 17,42,6
13,0 30,4 17,4 30,4KhOng
n 12 16 14 23 21 18 19 17 20 16 19 16
%
52,8 69,6 60,9too
91,3 78,3 82,6 73,9 87,0 69,6 82,6 69,6
Sau ca lam viec
Cd
n 21 12 19 3 6 12 11 10 5 13
8 11
%
91,3 52,2 82,6 13,0 26,1 52,2 47,8 43,5 21,7 56,5 34,8 47,8KhOng
n 2 11
4 20 17 11 12 13 18 10 15 12
% 8,7
47,8 17,487
73,9 47,8 52,8 56,5 78,3 43,5 65,2 52,8 ddi sau lao dfng. Cac chi tieu v l nhift d f trung tam c o t h l ,t i n sd mach, lupng md hfli bai tilt va bay hoi d i u tang sau ca lao dfng. Tuy nhien mde tang nay van hoan toan nim trong giPi han sinh ly cho phep va c o t h l hodn toan cd t h i tu diiu chinh dupc bang each bay hoi md hfli, nen khflng cd bilu hifn hfi chdng say ndng ma chi nhan thay mft sd trifu chdng cam giac chu quan v l mft mdi co nang, nha't la nhdc dau, mft mdi toan thdn va ra md hfli chan tay. Kit qua niy cung phu hpp vdi cac nghidn cdu ciia Lf Khae Ddc [2], Tran Van Hanh [3], Nguyln Manh Lien [4] va Tran Van Tuan [5,6],
V. K^T LUAN
- Khi tai quan suxe ra da hoat dfng v l mua he thuPng phai chiu tac dfng ddng thai cua nhilu y l u td phat nhift do bdc xa mat trPi chie'u vao xe, bdc xa difn td va dpng co may nd... ndn da lam tang nhift dp khflng khi trong xe len tPi 35,5 ± 2,4 CC), cao han ngoai xe 6,2°C, tuong dng vdi chi sd WBGT tPi 30,4 ± 2,6 CC), cao hon ngoai xe 1,7''C.
Cac chi tieu nay d i u vupt TCCP va gdy ganh nang nhift ddi vPi co t h i .
- Ganh nang nhift trong xe ra da da gdy nfn trang thai cang thing nhift ciia trac thu ra da sau ca lao dfng vPi nhufng thay ddi ro rft v l su tang nhift df da, nhift dp trung binh co t h i , tan sd mach, lupng md hfli bai tilt va su mft mdi CO nang ciia mft sd hf, co quan ciia co the.
T^l neu tham khio
1. Bo Y te (2003): Tieu chuan Ve sinh lao dong, Nha xuat ban Yhoc, 2003.
2. Le Kh§c Dire (1989): Anh huang cOa vi khi hau ndng am trong mdt soxe cagidi tdi trang th^i nhiet ciia ca the. Luan dn PTS. y hoc. Ha Noi 1989.
3. Tran Van Hanh, Le Khae Dire, Tran Cong Huan (2005): Nghien ciru anh hudng ciia birc xa sieu cao tan den sire khoe sinh san bo ddi ra da, de xuat bien phdp bao ve.
Bio cao tong ket de tai nghien ciru khoa hoc cap Bd Quoc phdng, 2005.
4. Nguyin Manh Lien (1985):
Nghien ciru anh hudng ciia trudng dien tir tan radio trong dieu kien khi hau ndng am tdi ca the va de xuat bien phip y sinh hoc nhim dam bao an toan eho nhurng ngudi lam viec tiep xuc vdi trudng dien tir.
Bio cio tong ket de tai 58.01.6.01 .HVQY, 1985.116 tr
5. Tran Van Tuan, Le Khae Dire (1996): Trang thii nhiet cua ca the trac thii thdng tin hoat ddng trong nhOng ngay he nang ndng d phia Bac Viet Nam. Tap chi Sinh ly hoc Viet Nam, 1996, So 3, Tr 56-59.
6. Tran Van Tuan (1998): Mot so dac diem MTLD va tinh hinh siTc khoe eua bo ddi thdng tin vd tuyen vien thdng, de xuat bien phip bao ve. Luan in TS. Y hcic. Ha Ndi 1998. •
L l / C L l / O N G ... (Tiep theo trang 9)
c h l , vifc chap hanh c h i df bao cao, dang ky, thdng kf cd don vj chua kjp thPi, chua d l xuat dupc nhilu giai phip tdt d l thuc hifn CVO...
Trong nhifng nam tPi, d l tilp tuc xSy dung LLVT QK9 theo huPng each mang, chinh qui, tinh nhuf, tdng budc hifn dai, cac don vj thuflc Qudn khu can tap trung phat huy k i t qua, khae phuc nhdng thilu sdt tdn tai d l tilp tuc tuyen truyen, giao due v l CVO50 hifu qua hon, tao sur chuyin biln td nhan thdc d i n hanh dfng, lam cho vifc td chdc thuc hifn CVO trd thanh nhifm vu thuPng xuydn ciia cac nganh, cac cap va la phong trao thi dua rfng khap trong LLVT QK. Odng thPi cac nganh tham muu, chinh trj, hau can cd huPng dan cu t h i cho cac don vj d l thing nhat chl dao, triln khai thuc hifn CVO ddi vdi VKTBKT do nginh minh quan ly; thuc hifn tdt c h l d f kilm tra cua BCO50 cac cap, dfng vifn, tuyf n truyin, khen thudng kjp thdi cac don vj, ca nhan c6 thanh tfch tidu bilu d l nhdn rfng diln hinh tien tiln va xdy dung chuong trinh hanh dfng thuc hifn CVD sat hpp vPi tinh hinh don vj, bam sat cac muc tifu CVD va cd tinh kha thi. Bang nhidu bifn phap vd hinh thifc thiit thuc, LLVT QK9 se phat huy sdc manh tdng hpp, tilp tuc da'y manh thuc hifn cd hifu qua d l dua CVO50 Ifn tam cao mdi trong nhifng n§m tilp theo.Q
