Ctiiomimg'Kgiuhti69vittiCidimatig'Ilui>is'timvdCl!)icifinft2/9
MOT SO D!NH Hl/diNG SUfA DOI, BO SUNG BQ LUAT HINH SI/
DAP UfNG YEU CAU XAY DI/NG NHA Nl/dC PHAP QUYEN XA HOI CHU NGHIA VIET NAM
TRAN CONG PHAN*
De eao hieu qud phdng ngua vd tinh hu&ng thien trong xu ly ngu&i phgm tpi;
xdc lap ddy du cdc dieu Men de bdo ddm tdt han quyen con ngu&i, quyen cdng ddn; tgo hdnh lang phdp ly de bdo vi vd thuc ddy nen kinh ti van hdnh dung quy ludt vd dung dinh hu&ng xd hpi chu nghia Id nhung yeu cdu quan trgng vd phdi du^c the hien sdu sdc trong Du dn Bp ludt Hinh su (sAa doi). Ciing v&i tiin trinh dilin eua ddtnir&c, Bp lugt Hinh sy m&i se gop phdn quan trgng vdo sy nghipp xdy dyng Nhd nu&e phdp quyin xd hpi chd nghia Vipt Nam, tgo mdi tru&ng on dinh cho syphdt trien kinh te vd hpi nhdp quoc te.
B
p lugt Hinh sy (BLHS) dupe Qudc hdi thdng qua ngay I7/6/I985 la van ban phdp dien hda ddu tien vd cao nhat eiia Nha nude ta ve Imh vuc hinh sy.BLHS da dugc sda ddi, bd sung mdt sd dieu vdo edc ndm 1989, 1991, 1992, 1997 va tilp dd nam 1999, trudc yeu cau xay dung, bdo ve Td qude vd ddu tranh phdng, chdng tdi phgm trong thdi ky mdi, Qudc hdi da thdng qua BLHS mdi vdo ngdy 21/12/1999, thay thi BLHS nam 1985. BLHS nam 1999 eiing da dupe sua ddi, bd sung mpt lan vdo nam 2009.
Tdng ket thue tien thi hanh BLHS nam 1999 eho thay, Bd lugt da phat huy vai trd la cdng cy hihi hipu ciia Nhd nude trong qudn ly xa hdi, phdng ngua vd dau tranh chdng tdi phgm, gdp phan giu viing an ninh chinh tri, trat ty an toan xa hdi, tao mdi trudng dn dinh cho su phdt trien kmh tl, hdi nhap qudc te, bdo ve Igi ich eua Nhd nude, cac td chue va edng dan. Tuy nhien, sau 14 nam thi hdnh, trudc sy phat trien nhanh chdng ciia cdc ITnh
vuc ddi sdng xa hpi, BLHS ciing bpc Id nhieu hgn ehe, bat cap, thdm chi mdt sd npi dung td ra lac hdu so vdi dien bien eua tinh hinh. Dieu nay thi hien cd tren phuang di^n quan niem ve tpi pham vd hinh phgt, v l nhdn thue day du hon mdi quan hd giiia trung tri va gido due, cung nhu nhiing quan diem tdng the v l phdng ngua vd chdng tdi pham trgn ca sd ket hgp kha nang va sue mgnh tdng hpp cua xa hpi, cua ca he thdng chinh tri vd vai trd eua cdc co quan bao ve phdp ludt.
Dgi hpi XI eua Dang da tiin hdnh bd sung, phat trien Cuang ITnh xay dung va phdt trien ddt nude trong thdi ky qua dp len chii nghTa xd hpi. Cuang ITnh da ldm ro ban, sdu sdc hon ndi dung vd yeu edu phdt triin ve kinh te, ehinh tri, tu tudng, van hda, khoa hpc vd cdng nghe, ve xdy dung vd hodn thi?n
Tien si, Phd Vi$n tnrd'ng Vipn kiim sdf nhin dSn toi cao.
Tap chi
2 I KIEMSAT_ /So 16 (thang 8/2014)
G 6 P r sxiR D6I, B6 SUHG Bd LUAT HbrH sir NAH 1999
Nha nude p h ^ quyen xa h0i chu nghia cua nhan dan, do nhdn dan, vi nhan dan, ve phat huy dan chu, tdn trgng vd bao ddm cdc quyin con ngudi, quyen edng dan'". Cung vdi dd, Ddng ta ciing da cd nhilu nghi quylt quan trpng ve ddi mdi vd hodn thien he thdng phap lugt, cdi cdch tu phdp. Tu tudng xuyen sudt cua cdc nghi quyet ndy Id xdy dimg vd hodn thipn he thdng phap luat, he thdng tu p h ^ ddp ung day du nhat ygu cau ciia Nhd nude phdp quyen xa hpi chu nghia, xdy dung nin tu phdp thyc su trong sach, viing manh, dan chii, nghiem minh, phung su Td qudc, phyc vy nhan ddn.
Dae biet, Hien phdp vda dupe Qudc hpi thdng qua ngdy 28/11/2013 da dgt ra nhilu y6u cdu mdi ddi vdi viec hoan thien, bd sung ehinh sdeh blnh su, nhdt la cdc chinh sdch lien quan den bao ddm quyen con ngudi, quyen cdng dan, phdt trien nen kinh te thj trudng djnh hudng xd hgi ehii nghia. Hien phdp khdng dinh mpt edeh nhdt qudn tu tudng vi eon ngudi thdng qua viec dua ra nhiing quy dinh mdi nham phdt huy nhan td eon ngudi, khdng dinh sau sac quan diem tdn trpng, bao ddm vd bdo v? con ngudi vdi y nghTa la bdn ehdt va myc tieu eiia Nhd nude phdp quyen xa hdi ehii nghia Vipt Nam. Ddi vdi nhipm vy phat trien kinh te, Hien phdp da bd sung nhieu quy djnh ldm co sd eho viec bdo vp vd thiie ddy nen kinh te thi trudng van hdnh dung quy luat va diing cac dinh hudng xa hgi ehii nghTa.
Hpi nhdp sau rdng vdo ddi sdng qude te da vd dang trd thdnh nhu cdu ngi tgi cua Viet Nam. De hgp tac ddu tranh phdng, chdng tgi pham ed hi?u qud, nude ta da trd thdnh thdnh vien ciia nhieu dieu ude qudc te quan trpng nhu: Cdng ude ciia Lien hipp qudc ve phdng, chdng ma tiiy; Cdng ude chdng tpi phgm cd td chue xuyen qude gia vd Nghi djnh thu ve phdng, chdng budn ban ngudi, ddc bipt Id budn bdn phy nir vd tre em; Cdng ude chdng tham nhung; cac dieu ude qudc
te lien quan den chdng khiing bd, tai trg khung bd... Cimg vdi qua trinh hdi nhdp qudc t l , tinh hinh vi pham va tdi phgm cd tinh chdt qudc te da vd dang trd thdnh thdch thuc rdt Idn vdi thuc t l ddt nude ta. Bieu hien ro nhdt cua tinh hinh do la sy gia tang cde tdi phgm do ngudi nude ngodi thuc hien va eac tpi phgm cd td chue xuyen qudc gia.
Dieu do ddt yeu edu ddi vdi qua trinh sua ddi, bd sung BLHS phdi nghiem tuc ra sodt, nghien cuu, npi ludt hda cdc cam ket qudc te nhdm xay dyng nhiing ca sd phdp Iy mdi ddp ling qud trinh hdi nhdp qudc te tren mat tran ddu tranh phdng, chdng tdt phgm, bao ve Igi ich cua ddt nude vd nhdn dan.
Ben canh do, BLHS nam 1999 cung cdn tdn tai nhieu loi thupe ve ky thudt lap phdp gay khd khdn cho thyc tien dp dyng. Thieu quy dinh eu the ve cdc khdi niem "phgm tdi nhieu Idn", "phgm nhieu tdi"... dan den thuc tiin chua cd cdch hieu thdng nhdt. Cdn kha nhieu dilu ludt quy dinh v l cdc tinh tilt mang tinh dinh tinh nhu: Hdu qua nghiem trgng, rat nghiem trpng, dac bipt nghiem trpng; thu Igi bdt chinh Idn, rat Idn, dae bi?t Idn... gdy khd khan ea eho cdng tdc hudng dan thi hdnh vd dp dyng trong thuc tidn.
Cdn khd nhieu dieu ludt trong BLHS quy dinh ve tpi phgm ghep ddn den bat cap la cac tpi danh cd tinh chat, mdc dp khae nhau nhung lai dupe dp dung ciing mdt chinh sdeh xd ly nhu nhau. Mdt sd thudt ngu dupe su dung trong BLHS ehua that su tucmg ddng vdi ede thuat ngii su dyng trong edc ludt ehuyen ngdnh khdc.
Tu nhung van de neu tren, dgt ra yeu can phai nghien cdu todn dien BLHS, de xudt sua ddi, bd sung, xdy dyng mdt BLHS mdi thyc su Id edng cy phdp ly hiiu hieu, sac ben trong dau tranh phdng, chdng tgi phgm, ed tinh minh bgch va cd chat lugng eao ve ky thudt lap phap. Tren co sd dd, viec nghien euu sua ddi, bd sung BLHS cdn tap tmng vdo mgt sd dinh hudng eo bdn sau ddy:
Tap chi S6l6(thang8/2014K_-KiEM SAT I 3
CUdo miatg JC§ mttn 69 ndm Cddi mgng Ih/ing Tdm vd Qjt^c ^fidnfi. 2/9
Dong chi Nguyen Thj Thuy Khiem, Pho Vien t r u i n g Vien kiem sat nhdn dan toi cao phdt bi^u tai cu6c hpp Hdi d6ng tuyen chpn Kiem sat vien Vidn kiem sat nhan ddn toi
cao (Ha Noi, ngdy 11/8/2014). Anh: Hai Long
1. Doi mdi quan ni^m ve t^i pham, trach nhiem hinh sir va hinh phat tren cff sd danh gid dung hifu qua cua lugt hinh sy trong cac cong cu dau tranh phdng, chong tpi phgm
Chinh sach hinh sy cd vai trd rat quan trgng trong viee xay dyng BLHS la mdt edng cu hiiu hieu trong dau tranh phdng, chdng tdi pham. Cdc quy djnh cua BLHS can xuat phat tu su ddnh gid ve nhu cau va muc dp can thiet cua viee su dung phdp ludt hinh sy trong he thdng edc bien phap dau tranh chdng tpi pham tren ca sd nhan thuc phd quat rang, tpi pham va cde vi phgm phap luat deu cd tinh nguy hgi cho xa hdi nhung khae nhau ve muc dp nguy hai. Tinh chat do cho phep ehimg ta can nhac giua mdt ben Id viee su dung trach nhiem hinh sy vdi mdt ben la su dung cac bien phdp eudng che, giao due khae: Bien phap nao se cd hieu qua cao han khi chirng ta quyet dinh tgi pham hda hogc phi tpi pham hda va chi khi do, qua trinh tdi pham hda hoac phi tpi pham hda mdi bdo ddm tinh hgp
ly. Se Id sai ldm neu quan mem ludt hinh sir la yeu td quyet dinh trong phdng, chdng tdi pham, bdi nhu vay se lam lac hudng hoac coi nhe boat ddng phdng ngua tdi phgm md cdt loi la viec su dyng su tdc ddng tdng hgp cua cac bien phdp ve kinh te, xa hpi, td ehuc va qudn ly, gido dye va thuylt phuc.
Qua trinh lap phap hinh su d nude ta da khang dinh nguyen tde lap phdp hinh su Id khong xem nhe nhtrng cUng khong tuyet ddi hda khd ndng rdn de vd gido due ciia lugt hinh su. Tren nguyen tdc do, da hinh thanh xu hudng thu hep phgm vi, kit hgp tac dpng ciia luat hinh su vdi cde bien phdp khdc, ddng thdi the bien ehinh sach hinh su nhan dao ciia Ddng va Nhd nude ta. Xu hudng dd thi hi$n ca trong Phdn chung vd Phdn cac tpi pham cua BLHS nam 1999.
Tgi Phan ehung, tren co sd phdn hda tpi pham thdnh 4 loai (tpi phgm it nghiem trpng, tdi pham nghiem dpng, tdi pham rdt nghiem trgng, tpi phgm dac biet nghiem trpng), da ddn tdi sy thay ddi Idn khi xdc djnh trach
Tap chi ^ KIEM SAT_VS616(thing8/2014)
G^P t SifR D6I. B6 SUNG Bd LUAT HINH SU NAH 1999
Dong chi Le HCFU T h i , Pho Vien triFfrng VKSND t6l cao chu tri hpp vd'i cdc do>n vj trye thuQC VKSND toi cao chuan bj cho buoi Idm vi#c vd^ Ban chi d^o cai each t v phap Trung u v n g ve vi#c nam tinh hinh qudn triet, triSn khai thiPC hi^n K i t ludn 92-KL/TW
cua B$ Chinh tri (Hd Npi, ngdy 11/8/2014). ' .
nhiem hinh sy ddi vdi nhiing trudng hgp tucmg tv duge quy djnh trong BLHS nam 1985. Cy the la: Ddi vdi hdnh vi chudn bj phgm tpi, BLHS nam 1985 xdc dinh trdch nhi?m hinh sy phdt sinh ddi vdi trudng hgp phgm tpi nghiem trpng trd len (tuc la tpi cd mue hinh phgt cao nhdt tu 5 nam tu trd len), thi k l tu ngdy 01/7/2000, ddi vdi hanh vi ehuan bj phgm tpi, trach nhi^m hinh sy chi phdt sinh ddi vdi trudng hgp pham tpi rdt nghiem trpng hoac tdi dae biet nghiem trpng (tdc Id tgi cd muc hinh phgt cao nhat la 15 nam tii trd len). Nhu vgy, d day da cd su phi tpi phgm hda ddi vdi mpt sd lugng Idn hdnh vi nguy hiem eho xa hgi. Tugng ty nhu vgy, doi vdi ngudi chua thanh nien d dp tudi tu du 14 mdi din dudi 16 tudi, BLHS nam 1985 quy trdeh nhi?m hinh sy neu tpi pham do hp thye hipn Id tpi nghiem trpng (tue Id tpi cd muc hinh phat cao nhdt tu 5 nam tii trd len), thi kl hi ngdy 01/7/2000. trach nhiem hmh su
dat ra vdi ngudi ehua thdnh nien d dp tudi nay la tpi rdt nghiem trpng do cd y hoac tpi dgc biet nghiem trpng (tue Id tdi ed muc hinh phgt cao nhat Id 15 nam hi trd len). Theo dd, mdt sd lugng Idn ngudi chua thdnh nien cd hdnh vi nguy hiem cho xa hdi da khdng cdn ndm trong phgm vi tde ddng eiia phdp ludt hinh sy.
Tgi phdn cac tdi pham, xu hudng thu hep pham vi ciia lugt hinh su dupe the hipn thdng qua viee quy dinh them nhung dieu kien bd sung trong cac dau bieu cau thdnh tdi phgm, nhiing dieu kien dd bao gdm: Chi cau thanh mpt sd tdi pham cu the khi chu the da cd tien an, bj xu ly ky ludt, xu phgt hanh chinh, hanh vi gay ra hdu qua nghiem trpng...
Vi vgy, mdt trong nhung yen cau Idn dat ra ddi vdi viec sua ddi BLHS Idn ndy Id phdi tdng ket, ddnh gid day du ve hieu qua thue te eua cdc van de tu tdm chinh sdeh hinh sy den cde quy dinh ey the trong BLHS. Qud trinh tdng ket, cung vdi vipe danh gid cdc che dinh.
Sdl6(thang8/2014K
Tap chi _KIEM SAT I 5
cfido mieng ^ni4m 69 ndm Cddimgrtgn:hdji^'T dm vdQu^ckB^infi 2/9
quy djnh cy thd, can het sue coi trpng viec xdc dinh cho dugc nhiing quy luat da binh thanh trong chinh sdch hinh su ciia Nha nude ta. Dd Id quy ludt di tu viec dieu chinh dan Ie, cu the den sy dieu chmh ddy du, ddng bd, ed he thdng nham bdo ve toan didn cac quan hS vd gid tri xa hdi tiin bd d nude ta. Dd la quy ludt ve phdn hda trdch nhiem hinh su tren eo sd xdc dinh diing ddn vi tn, tinh chat vd dac diem eua cde khach the bdo ve cua luat hinh sy d6 tu do ed su phan logi tdi phgm ngdy edng chinh xae tgi Phdn chung, xay dyng vd hodn thien cdc chuong, muc trong Phdn cdc tdi phgm cua BLHS. Dd Id quy ludt de cao phdp ehe xa hdi chu nghia, tinh dan chii, tinh nhdn dao trong chinh sdch hinh sy ciia Nhd nude ta; tren ea sd dd, phap luat hinh su ngdy cdng cd xu hudng xdc dinh rd han ranh gidi giua tOi phgm vd khdng phdi tdi phgm, giua tpi pham va vi pham phdp ludt; tgo xu hudng gidm dan su tae dpng cua cdc bien phap hinh su de ket hgp vdi ede bien phap xd ly trach nhiem hdnh chinh, kinh te, dan su, cdc bien phdp quan ly, gido due, thuyet phyc.
Tdng ket mdt each than ddo, khoa hpe vd nam viing cde quy luat, xu hudng, nguyen tac chu dao trong chinh sach hinh su cua Nha nude ta se Id nhiing bdo ddm quan trpng cho viee ddnh gid dimg ddn tinh hieu qua cua ludt hinh sy trong he thdng cdc cdng eu ddu tranh phdng, chdng tdi phgm, ldm ca sd eho viec de xuat cu the viec ddi mdi eac van de lien quan den tdi phgm, trdch nhiem hinh su vd hinh phgt.
2. Tilp tyc thuc hien viec tpi pham hda, phi tpi phgm hoa ddi vdi mpt sd hanh vi
Tgi pham hda va phi tdi pham hda la edng viec thudng phdi Idm dong mdi Idn sua ddi, bd sung BLHS. Dieu nay phdn anh hai mat cua tinh binh: Thu nhdt, mpt sd hanh vi phgm tpi dang duge quy dinh dong BLHS nhung trong tinh hinh mdi da khdng con nguy hiem cho xa hpi va khdng can phdi xu ly bang che tai hinh sy; thic hai, mdt sd hdnh vi dang the
hien tinh nguy hiem cao cho xa hdi, cdn trd hogc Iam dnh hudng xau den su phdt dien cua ddt nude, cdn thilt phai xu Iy bang chi tdi hinh sy nhung Igi chua duac quy dinh dong BLHS.
Tmdc yeu cdu xdy dung Nhd nude phdp quyin, phdt triin kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hpi chu nghTa, hdi nhap qudc te sdu rgng hien nay, viee quy dinh mdi edc hdnh vi Id tdi pham cd the xem xet theo mdt sd hudng sau day:
- Tdi phgm hda mpt sd hdnh vi cd tinh ehdt phd hogi nin kinh t l thi trudng dinh hudng xa hpi chu nghla, vi phgm nhung dieu kien eiia sy canh tranh hgp phap, Idnh manh, xam phgm quyen ty do kinh doanh, sy binh dang trudc phdp ludt eua cdc thdnh phdn kinh te nhu: Cde tdi pham trong linh vyc qudn ly ddt dai, tdi nguyen; tdi phgm trong liiih vyc xdy dyng, tai chinh, ngan hdng, bdo hiem; tdi phgm xdm phgm an ninh mgng, tdi phgm vl mdy tinh.
- Tdi phgm hda mdt sd hanh vi nguy hilm cho xa hpi mdi xudt hien trong qua phdt trien kinh te - xa hpi, khoa hpe, cdng nghe vd hdi nhdp qude te nhu: Hanh vi bde lot sue lao ddng cua tre em; hdnh vi chiim dogt, mua bdn trai phep md tgng, cdc bd phdn co the ngudi, thai nhi; hdrdi vi khdng ddng bao hiem cho ngudi lao ddng...
- Tpi pham hda ddy du hem cdc hdnh vi tham nhung, rua tiin, bdo ddm sy phii hpp cua phdp luat hmh sy nude ta vdi Cdng ude chdng tham nhiing; tdi phgm hda ddy du ban cac bieu hien ciia tdi khung bd, hogt ddng va cdc phuang thuc tdi phgm ed td chue dap ung yeu cau cua Cdng ude chdng tpi phgm xuyen qudc gia vd edc dieu ude qude te khae md Viet Nam Id thdnh vien.
Cimg vdi dd, cdn nghien euu d l phi tpi phgm hda ddi vdi mdt sd hdnh vi phgm tpi dugc quy dinh trong BLHS nhung khdng edn phu hgp vdi dilu kien phdt triin kinh t l thj tmdng dinh hudng xa hdi ehu nghTa hi?n
Tap chi
6 I KlE.M SAT_ /Sd16(thang 8/2014)
Gdp i SXTR D6I, B6 SUNG Bd U A T HINH sif KAM 1999
nay. Co the nghien cuu d l logi bd khdi BLHS mpt sd tpi nhu: Tgi ldm tern gid, ve gid, tdi budn bdn tem gid, ve gid (Dieu 164); tdi cd y Idm trdi quy dinh cua Nhd nude ve qudn ly kinh te gay hau qud nghiem trpng (Dieu 165)... Khi phan tich ve cdu thdnh cua Dieu 165 BLHS, nhieu chuyen gia phap ludt ciing nhdn dinh, ddy Id mdt edu thdnh trim tugng, mo hd, gay lo ngai cho gidi kinh doanh vd khdng cdn phu hgp vdi yeu edu phue vu sy phdt trien kinh te thi tnrdng.
3. M d rpng cdc trudng hpp khong coi la t$i pham
Trong he thdng cdc bi?n phap cudng che nhd nude thi cuong che hinh sy Id bien phdp nghiem khde nhat, dnh hudng sdu sdc tdi quyen con ngudi, quyin cdng dan. Chinh vi vgy, cdc quy djnh ve ea sd ciia trdch nhiem hinh sy, cau thdnh tdi phgm, co sd eiia viec quylt djnh hinh phat phdi hit sue chinh xdc, rd rdng, chgt che, trdnh sai ldm trong qud trinh dp dyng phdp ludt.
Lien quan din vdn d l ndy, mdt trong nhung npi dung dugc quan tam trong qud trinh thdo luan sua ddi BLHS hien nay dd Id ehe djnh ve cdc ylu td logi tni tinh chat tdi pham cua hdnh vi. BLHS hien hdnh quy dinh 5 trudng hpp logi tni tinh chdt tpi pham eiia hdnh vi, bao gdm: Trudng hop bdnh vi tuy ed ddu hi?u cua tpi phgm nhung mue dp nguy hiem eho xd hgi khdng dang ke (Dieu 8); sy kipn bdt ngd (Dieu 11); tinh trang khdng ed ndng lyc trdeh nhiem hinh su (Dieu 13);
phdng ve chinh ddng (Dilu 15); tinh the cap thilt (Dilu 16). Co sd cua viec dat ra ehe dinh ndy Id xudt phdt td yeu edu bdo dam phdp chi xa hpi chii nghia, ngan chdn sy nhdm lan trong vipe xde djnh cd tdi bay khdng cd tgi. Tuy vgy, yong thue tien, viec phan dinh cdc ylu td ndy khdng phdi la de ddng. Dilu dd ddi hdi phai dgt viec xem xet tinh tpi phgm hay khdng phai tgi pham cua mpt hdnh vi yong tuang quan vdi cdc gid tri xa hpi vd Igi ich xa hpi; trong nhihig trudng
hpp cy the phdi dat ra viec so sanh giiia muc dp thiet hgi do hanh vi gdy ra vdi nhung Ipi ich chung khdc...
Khi hdnh vi tuy da gay thiet hgi cho cd nhdn, td chue, nhung nhin td gdc dp Igi ieh khdc rdng ban md thdy hdnh vi do khdng cd hgi, tham chi cd Igi thi khdng the coi dd Id tdi phgm.
Tdng ket thyc tidn thi hdnh BLHS cho thdy, cdc quy dinh hien hanh cdn chua bao dam tinh cu the ve ranh gidi giua trudng hgp dugc logi trii trach nhiem binh sy vdi tmdng hgp phdi chiu trdch nhiem hinh sy nen ddn tdi ngudi dan cdn chua ddm chu dpng bao ve quyen vd Igi ich chinh ddng eua minh va cua ngudi khdc, eung nhu chu ddng tham gia phdng, chdng tdi phgm. Ben canh dd, ciing con mpt sd trudng hop dae biet khdc, tuy cd gay ra thiet hai cho xa hdi nhung ngudi gay thiet hai khdng cd Idi, do dd neu tmy ciru trdeh nhiem hinh sy se khong that sy bdo dam tinh edng bang, hgp ly.
Nghien ciiu kinh nghiem eae nude thi thdy, ngoai cac tmdng hgp logi tru tinh chdt tpi pham cua hanh vi nhu quy dinh cua BLHS nude ta, eae nude cdn loai trd ddi vdi mpt sd tmdng hgp nhu: Gay thiet hgi frong tmdng hgp bat giu ngudi phgm tdi (BLHS Lien bang Nga); gay thiet hgi do thi hdnh menh lenh eiia cap tren hoac do hi cudng hue ve the chdt hogc tinh thdn (BLHS Lien bang Nga, Cdng hda Phdp); Uet ke danh myc cac hanh vi hgp phap dugc loai trd ydeh nhiem hinh sy (BLHS Nhat Ban, Cdng hda Phdp)...
De dap dng yen cau dau tranh phdng, chdng tdi pham yong tinh hinh mdi, phii hpp vdi yeu cdu phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, can thiet nghien cuu, md rdng cac trudng hpp khdng coi la tpi pham ddi vdi mdt sd tinh hudng nhu: Gdy thiet hgi yong khi bdt giii ngudi pham tpi; yong khi chdp hanh menh lenh cua ngudi chi huy; gap nii ro yong viec dp dyng cdc tien bp khoa hpc cdng nghe.
Ddng thdi, de yanh lam dyng hoac khd khan
, Tap chi 56l6(thang8/2014)v__KIEM SAT
Cfidomiaig^n4ifi69namCdckvuftis'Ifidiy}'TdmvdQi0ckBdnfi2/9
Tien sT Tran Cong Phan, Pho Vien tru'O'ng Vien kiem sdt nhdn ddn toi cao tiep Dodn d^l bleu Vidn kiem sat nhdn dan Cgng boa dan chu nhdn dan Ldo to! thdm va Idm vipe tai VIpt Nam (Qudng Binh, ngdy 31/7/2014).
Anh: Tr^n Tung
dong qua trinh dp dung phap ludt, can quy dinh chat che, cy the edc dieu kien va phgm vi dp dyng logi tni tinh chdt tpi phgm eua hanh vi ddi vdi timg trudng hop. Ve mat khai niem, ciing can quy djnh ro rang hon vi thue ehdt nhirng tmdng hgp nhu neu tren dugc khang dinh khdng phdi Id tdi pham. Cdn neu ndi nhu cdch hien nay thi cdc trudng hgp logi tru ydeh nhiem hinh su vdn cd the Id tdi phgm, nhung dugc mien trach nhiem hinh su.
4. Md rdng triromg hffp mien trach nhiem hinh sy
Tu tudng vi con ngudi, yeu thuong, nhdn di, khoan dung, tran dgng cdi thien trong mdi eon ngudi ludn the hien dam net d Hd Chii tjch. Ngudi viet: "Khong xu phgt la khong ddng. nhung chut gi xu phgt cdng khong nin ", "Doi vai nhitng nguai co thai hu tdt xau, trir hgng ngu&i phdn Igi To quoc vd nhdn ddn, ta cUng phdi giup hg tiin bp bdng cdch ldm cho cdi phdn thien trong con ngu&i ndy n& di day trie phdn dc, chic khdng phdi
ddp cho ten b&i"'''. Ddng ta yeu cdu: "Coi trgng viic hodn thien chinh sdch hinh sy vd thii tuc to tung hinh sy, de eao hiiu qud phong ngica vd tinh huang thien trong vipe xu ly ngu&i phgm tpi""'. Nhiem vy dat ra ddi vdi qua trinh hodn thien he thdng phdp lugt ndi chung vd sua ddi BLHS ndi rieng Id phdi tao CO sd phdp ly de thyc hien day du, sau sdc tu tudng eua Dang va Bdc Hd ve van de nay.
Mien dach nhiem hinh sy la mpt dong nhiing che dinh quan trgng eua luat hinh su, the hien chinh sdch khoan hdng, nhdn dgo eiia Ddng, Nhd nude ta vd cd y nghia rdt Idn ddi vdi viec khuyen khieh ngudi phgm tpi Igp cdng chupe tdi, khdc phyc hau qud eua tpi phgm. Che djnh nay ludn dugc ghi nhgn, bd sung, hodn thien qua cde lan sua ddi BLHS.
BLHS hien hanh quy dinh 10 trudng hpp dupe miln trdch nhiem blnh sy, bao gdm: Ty y nua ehimg chdm dut viec phgm tgi (Dieu 19); do chuyen bien eiia tinh hinh md hdnh vi phgm tpi hogc ngudi phgm tgi khdng cdn
Tap chi
8 ! KIEM SAT_ /So 16(thang 8/2014)
G 6 P V sti'A D6I, B6 SONG Bd LDAT HINH SIT HAM 1999
nguy hiem cho xa hdi (khodn I Dilu 25); do ngudi phgm tpi an nan bdi cdi (khodn 2 Dieu 25); khi cd quyet dinh dai xd (khodn 3 Dieu 25); ddi vdi ngudi chua thdnh nien pham tpi dong mgt sd dieu kien cy thi (Dilu 69); ddi vdi ngudi phgm tdi gidn diep (khoan 3 Dilu 80); ddi vdi ngudi pham tpi dua hdi Id (khodn 6 Dilu 289); ddi vdi ngudi pham tdi lam mdi gidi hdi Id (khodn 6 Dilu 290); ddi vdi ngudi phgm tdi khdng td gidc tdi phgm (khodn 3 Dilu 314).
Thyc tien gidi quyet vy dn hinh su d Viet Nam thdi gian qua cho thdy, cd nhiing tdi pham xdy ra do xich mieh, tranh chap nhd trong nhdn dan hogc mpt sd tdi phgm do Idi vd y, ngudi phgm tdi da khae phue hdu qud ciia tpi phgm, ngudi bi hai chdp nhdn viec bdi thudng thi cung khdng nhdt thiet phdi dua ra xu ly bang bipn phdp hinh sy. Dieu ndy ciing phu hgp vdi xu hudng Igp phdp hinh sy ciia nhieu nude tren the gidi (Dieu 25 BLHS Lien bang Nga; Dilu 41-1 Bp luat Td tung hinh su Cpng hda Phdp; Dilu 277, 297 Luat td tung hinh sy Tmng Qude...)
Tu thyc tiin gidi quyet vy dn hinh sy d Vi?t Nam vd qua nghien euu kinh nghiem cdc nude tren the gidi, nhdm tgo diSu kien de xu ly van de tpi phgm mpt each linh hogt hon, khuyen khieh ngudi phgm tpi sdm nhan ra sai ldm vd nhanh chdng khae phye hgu qud ciia tgi phgm, de xuat bd sung vdo BLHS trudng hgp miln trdch nhipm hinh sy do edc ben ty hda giai. Ddng thdi, can quy dinh ro trong Bd luat cac tgi phgm duge phep dp dyng chi djnh ndy, vi dy: Cac tdi xdm phgm sue khde ciia eon ngudi, tpi lien quan den an todn giao thdng do Idi vd y; tpi phgm dong ITnh vyc hdn nhdn - gia dinh vd mpt sd tpi it nghiem dpng khde. Sy bd sung ndy se ddnh dau budc phdt trien frong quan nipm ve tpi phgm, tiem cgn vdi ede gia tri phdp ly ehung cua thi gidi, giam bdt edc trudng hgp khdng cdn thiet phdi xu ly bang bi$n phdp hinh sy.
S. Thu hep pham vi ap dung hinh ph^t tu, md r$ng pham vi dp dung cac hinh phgt khong mang tinh giam giu
Yeu cdu quan ypng ddt ra ddi vdi viee hodn thien phdp luat hinh su ndi ehung vd he thdng hinh phat ndi rieng Id de cao gido due, phdng ngua, thyc hien nhan dao xa hdi chit nghTa, tang tinh budng thien trong xu Iy ngudi pham tpi. Ddp dng yeu edu do, BLHS hien hdnh quy dinh yong tdng sd 7 hinh phgt chinh thi ed tdi 4 hinh phgt khdng tude ty do, hie Id ehilm tren nua tdng sd hinh phat chinh (gdm: Cdnh cdo, phat tien, cai tao khdng giam giu, true xudt).
Nhu vgy, nhin ve mat sd lugng hinh phgt khdng tude ty do dong he thdng hinh phgt cho phep khang dinh chinh sach rat nhdn dgo eiia Nhd nude ta yong xu ly ngudi pham tgi, mye dich cua hinh phgt Id nhdm gido dye, cdi tgo md khdng phdi chi nham trung trj ngudi pham tgi. Tuy nhien, d gdc dg dp dung phap lugt thi chinh sach nay chua thuc su di vao cudc sdng. Tdng ket thuc tien 14 nam thi hdnh BLHS eho thdy, van ed xu hudng thien ve dp dyng hinh phgt hi, thdm chi ed dia phuang nhu thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, hinh phgt tu chiem ty le t e n 90%; hinh phat ednh eao, cdi tao khdng giam giu dupe dp dung rat it hogc hdu nhu khdng dugc dp dyng; hinh phgt tien chii yeu dugc dp dyng vdi tinh cdch la hinh phat bd sung kem vdi hinh phgt tu cd thdi hgn hogc hinh phat chinh khdc.
Thue trgng yen ed nhieu nguyen nhdn, dong dd cd hai nguyen nhan co bdn sau day:
Mpt Id, BLHS quy dinh dieu kien de dupe ap dung hinh phat khdng mang tinh giam giu qud chat ehe dan tdi phgm vi dp dung cac hinh phat nay rat han che. Hinh phat tien chi dp dung ddi vdi ngudi phgm tdi it nghiem trgng; hinh phgt cdi tao khong giam giii ehi dp dung ddi vdi ngudi pham tdi it nghiem trgng hoac tdi nghiem trpng md ngudi pham tpi dang cd noi Idm vi?c hoge cd nai cu trii ro rang. Hai Id, nhung hinh phgt khdng mang
S6l6(thang8/2014)\
Tap chi 1 _KlEM SAT ! 9
C/tdofflihg3^nt^g5n&ffr<fgftfflffl^'rfefawa'4mt^qi<&^<iH^2/9
tinh giam giu trong BLHS nude ta khi dp dung the hien tinh cuong che khdng cao, do vgy tac dyng phdng ngya, gido due ngudi phgm tdi bi hgn che. Dd <MBg la Iy do tren thyc te, cdc Thdm phdn thudng lya chgn hinh phat tu d l tuyen ddi vdi ngudi phgm tgi thay vi tuyen nhiing hinh phgt khdng mang tinh giam gift nhdm bdo ddm tinh phdng ngua, ran de, gido dye ngudi phgm tpi mot each nghiem khae.
Xu ly vdn de ndy, nhieu qudc gia den the gidi cho phep dp dung hinh phgt tien ddi vdi mgi logi tdi phgm neu dieu ludt cu the do cd quy dinh hinh phat tiin (Nhat Bdn, Trung Qudc, Thuy Diin, Due...). Ddng tiidi, nham bao ddm tinh cuang chi cua hinh phat tien, hinh phgt cdi tgo khdng giam gift, edc nude quy dinh dong trudng hgp ngudi bi ket an cd tinh ydn ydnh chdp hdnh hinh phgt tin se hi thay the bdng hinh phgt tude ty do. BLHS Lien bang Nga quy dinh: Trudng hgp ngudi bi ket dn lao ddng cai tao (cai tao khdng giam giu) cd tinh trdn ydnh chap hdnh hinh phgt thi Tda dn cd the ddi hinh phat nay bang hinh phgt tu, eu mdt ngdy tu bang ba ngdy lao ddng cdi tgo.
D I tilp tyc the chi hda chu truang cua Ddng ve "Gidm hinh phgt tu, ma rpng dp dgng hinh phgt tien, hinh phgt cdi tgo khong giam giit doi vai mpt so logi tpi phgm ", thdo gd nhiing vudng mdc trong thyc tien dp dung phdp luat, de xudt nghien cim, sua ddi, bd sung BLHS theo hudng hinh phat tu se ehu yeu dp dyng ddi vdi ngudi phgm tdi rat nghiem ypng, tdi ddc biet nghiem trgng vd mdt sd tpi nghiem dpng; hgn ehe can ban viec dp dung hinh phat tu ddi vdi logi tdi it nghiem ygng. Sda hinh phgt cdnh edo theo hudng cd the dp dyng cd vdi tdi nghiem frpng do vd y vd cd nhieu tinh tiet gidm nhe thay vi ehi dp dung vdi tdi it nghiem ygng nhu hien nay. Md rpng phgm vi dp dyng hinh phat tien vdi tu each la hinh phgt chinh ddi vdi cd tdi nghiem ypng thay vi chi vdi mpt sd tdi it
nghiem dgng hien nay; bd sung quy dinh yong trudng hpp ngudi bi ket dn phat tien, phgt cdi tao khong giam giii cd tinh fron tranh khdng chdp hdnh hinh phgt nay thi se bj thay thd bdng hinh phgt tu cd thdi hgn. Ddi vdi mpt sd tpi xam pham trat ty qudn Iy kinh t l , tgi phgm chue vu, cung vdi viec gift hinh phat tu, d l nghi b6 sung hinh phgt chinh Id hinh phat tiin (vai muc phgt gdp nhilu Idn sd tiin da ehilm doat) d l lya chgn khi quylt dinh hinh phgt.
6. Tiep tyc thu h^p pham vi dp dung hinh ph^t tir hinh
Cung vdi sy phdt trien cua vdn minh nhdn logi, van de xda bd hogc chi giu Igi rdt it tdi cd hinh phgt hi hinh da frd thanh xu huong ehung cua thi gidi. Qua trinh hodn thien chinh sach hinh sy d nude ta ciing di theo xu hudng ehung dd vd dugc trien khai mdt cdch nghiem hie, ki8n tri yong ede lan sda ddi, bd sung BLHS. N l u nhu BLHS nam 1985 (qua bdn Ian sua ddi, bd sung vdo cac nam 1989, 1991,1992 vd 1997) cd 44 dilu lugt quy dinh hinh phgt tu hinh ddi vdi cdc tgi phgm ey the (ehilm 20,37%), thi d i n BLHS ndm 1999 gidm xudng cdn 29 dieu (chiem 11%) vd sau Idn sda ddi, bd sung BLHS vdo nam 2009 gidm xudng cdn 22 dilu (chiim ydn 8%).
Tuy vay, thyc tiin thi hdnh BLHS cung cho thay, mdi nam sd ngudi bi ket dn td hinh vd dua ra thi hdnh dn vdn cdn cao. Ddi vdi nhung ngudi ndy, co hdi phye thien, tai hda nhap cdng ddng khdng edn dugc ddt ra nua.
Nghi quylt sd 49-NQ/TW ngdy 02/6/2005 eua Bp Chinh trj v l Chiin luge cai each tu phdp den nam 2020 tilp tyc yeu cau "hgn che dp dung hinh phgt tic hinh theo hu&ng ehi dp dung doi vai mpt so it logi tpi phgm dgc bipt nghiem trpng".
Tham khdo kinh nghipm qudc te cho thdy, hien tren the gidi cd 97 qudc gia bai bd hodn todn hinh phgt tu hinh; 8 qudc gia chi dp dyng ddi vdi tdi phgm chdng hda binh; 35 qudc gia cd quy dinh ve hinh phgt tu hmh nhung khdng
Tap chi
1 0 I KIEM SAT_ /Sol6(thang 8/2014)
G 6 P t sdTA P6I. B6 SUNG BQ UJAT HINH s y HAM 1999
dp dyng tren thyc tl; mpt so nude cdn duy tri hinh phat tu hinh (Nhat Ban, Tnmg Qude, Indonesia ...) thi viec ^ dyng ciing rdt ban che, chi trong mdt sd nhdm tpi dac biet nhu xam pham an ninh qudc gia, xdm pham tinh mgng, sue khde, mdt so tpi phgm v l ma tuy;
Lien bang Nga chi dp dyng hinh phgt tu hinh ddi vdi tdi dgc biet nghidm dpng xam phgm tinh mgng ciia con ngudi.
De tiep tyc the che hda chu truang cua Dang ve hgn chi pham vi dp dung hinh phgt tu hinh, de xudt sua Dilu 35 BLHS tiieo hudng quy dinh cu thi vd chat che cdc dieu kipn dp dung hinh phgt tu hmh. V l logi tdi bj dp dyng hinh phgt tu hinh, nghien cdu chi dp dyng ddi vdi tdi phgm dac bidt nghiem dpng thupe nhdm tgi xam hgi hoac de dga xdm hgi sy tdn vong cua Nhd nude, ciia che do; edc tdi xdm phgm tinh mgng con ngudi, de dpa nghiem ypng din sy phat triSn cua gidng ndi;
tpi phgm tham nhiing; cdc tpi xdm hgi an ninh vd hda binh the gidi. Ve ddi tugng, cung chi nfin dp dyng ddi vdi ngudi chu muu, edm ddu, chi huy vipe thyc hipn t^i pham, nhiing ngudi tdi phgm nguy hiem hogc quyet tam thyc hipn t$i pham din cung.
7. Ve ngu6n cua ludt hinh su Mgt dong nhiing vdn de ddnh dugc sy quan tdm dong qud trinh nghien ciiu sua ddi BLHS hien nay dd Id ngudn cua ludt hinh sy.
Van dh ndy lien quan den y6u edu bdo dam nguyen tdc phdp che xa hdi chii nghTa, tang cudng cdc bdo ddm chat che ddi vdi cdc npi dung thupe ludt hinh sy. Hien cd hai ludng quan diem xung quanh vdn de nay. Cd quan diim cho rdng, cdn md rpng ngudn ciia luat hinh sy theo hudng tgi phgm vd hinh phgt khdng chi dugc quy dinh BLHS md cd the dugc quy djiih yong cdc luat ehuyen nganh khdc v l kinh tl, thucmg mgi, dau tu, khoa hpe edng nghp... Ly gidi cho quan diem nay, cdc chuyen gia neu ly do chinh td nhdm khdc phyc tinh thilu kjp thdi ciia BLHS so vdi yeu cau cua thye tien, nhdt la yong nhung ITnh
vyc cd nhieu bien dgng nhu kinh te, khoa hpc edng nghe. Quan diem khdc thi cho rdng, khdng nen md rdng ngudn ciia lugt hinh su, ehi cd BLHS mdi dugc quy dinh cdc vdn de ve tdi pham vd hinh phgt.
£>l cd sy lya chpn chinh xdc ddi vdi van de ndy, rat can thiet nhin lai lich sd hinh thdnh vd phat trien cua phdp luat hinh su nude ta. Cd the thay rdng, phap luat hinh sy nude ta da di td sy da dgng, tdn mgn cua cdc ngudn luat den su hgp nhat eao thdng qua phdp dien hda bdi su ra ddi BLHS nam 1985, ddnh ddu bude tien quan dong Ijch sd Idp phdp hinh sy, tgo nen tdng vung ehdc cho viec duy tri nguyen tac phdp ehe xa hpi chu nghia yong luih vuc tu phdp hinh sy. Trdi qua gdn 30 nam, phap ludt binh sy nude ta da khdng ngung dugc hodn thien theo hudng phdp dten hda ngdy cdng day dii hon. Cde quy phgm eua BLHS ngdy cdng cd tinh khdi qudt cao hon, cdc eo quan dp dyng phap ludt va ngudi dan da cd the de ddng, thugn tien dong viec nhgn biet cdc quy dinh da duge tap hgp todn bp vd cd hp thdng cao yong mdt dgo ludt. Vi vgy, ehiing tdi ling hp quan diem cdn tilp tuc khang dinh tpi phgm vd hinh phat chi dugc quy dinh yong BLHS nhdm duy tri nhung bdo dam chde chan cho viee thye hipn nguyen tde phdp che dong ITnh vyc tu phdp hinh sy. Ddy eiing Id xu hudng chung trong lap phap hinh sy cua nhieu nude yen the gidi.
8. Van de truy cuu trdch nhifm hinh su doi vdi phap nhan
CJ Viet Nam, ydeh nhiem hinh sy cua phdp nhan khdng phdi la van de mdi cd den phucmg dien nghien ciiu khoa hpc vd xdy dyng phdp ludt. Cd hai Idn sua ddi, bd sung BLHS vao nam 1999 vd nam 2009, vdn d l ndy dd duge cde dai bieu Qudc hdi thdo ludn va quyet dinh chi quy dinh trach nhi?m binh sy ddi vdi ed nhdn. Qud trinh nghien cdu soan thao BLHS hien nay, van de trdch nhiem hinh sy eiia phdp nhdn tiep tyc dugc cac eg quan, cde nhd khoa hpe dgt ra thdo
So16(thang8/2014)V
Tap chi _KIEMSAT I 1 1
Cfido mieng 9^ niim 69 ndm CdcA mgng Th&ng Tdm vd Qy6c kB^mk 2/9
luan vd hinh thdnh hai logi quan diem chinh xung quanh van de ndy. Co quan diim cho rdng, da ddn luc cdn bd sung che dinh ydeh nhiem hinh sy cua phdp nhan vdo BLHS de xu Iy ddi vdi ddi vdi cac td ehuc kinh te vi chgy theo Igi ich cyc bd bdt chdp tmh mgng, sue khde, sy an todn eua cdng ddng. Quan diim khdc thi kien dinh tu tudng cua BLHS hien hanh, chi dgt vdn de trdch nhiem hinh sy ddi vdi ca nhdn vd cho rang dieu ndy phu hgp vdi nguyen tdc ed the hda hinh phgt, ctuig nhu eac dieu kien eu the d nude ta.
Chiing tdi cho rang de yd Idi cdu hdi cd tmy ciiu ydeh nhiem hinh sy ddi vdi phdp nhan hay khdng, hay ndi cdch khdc, phdp nhdn cd la ehu the cua tpi phgm khdng thi cdn phdi nhin nhdn ddy du dgc diem phdp Iy cua phdp nhan vd dgc biet Id quan dilm cua Nhd nude ta ve van de trdch nhiem hinh sy vua dugc khang dinh yong Hiln phdp nam 2013.
Cd the thay rang, phdp nhan Id mdt thyc thi phap ly dugc binh thdnh bdi cde ed nhan thdnh vien. Bdn thdn phap nhdn khdng thi ty minh toan tinh, ddt am muu, thue hien cac hdnh vi phgm tdi; chi cd cdc ca nhdn thdnh vien mdi cd khd ndng thyc hien cde hogt ddng ban bac, sua sogn vd tien hanh ede hdnh vi pham tpi. Nhu vgy, khdng the cd Idi cua phdp nhan, chi ea nhan dua ra quyet dinh va true tiep thuc hien tdi pham mdi cd Idi. Trong khi do "loi" Id yeu td thudc mat ehu quan eiia tdi pham, la mdt yong nhiing dilu kien bdt budc eua ydeh nhiem hinh sy. Ddng thdi, viec dp dung hinh phat ddi vdi phdp nhan cung khdng hrong thich vdi nguyen tdc ed thi hda hinh phgt cua ludt hinh su. Nguyen tdc ca thi hda hinh phat budc mdi ed nhan pham tdi diu phai bi xu ly tuy thudc vao mdc dp hp tham gia thuc hien tdi pham. Trong khi dd, viec dp dung hmh phgt ddi vdi phdp nhdn din den viec xu ly den thyc te khdng cd sy phan biet giiia cd nhan tham gia thye hien tdi phgm vdi cd nhdn khdng tham gia thue hien tdi phgm;
nhiing thanh vien thupe phdp nhdn khdng
tham gia thuc hien tdi pham cung phdi bi dp dung che tai hinh su. O mdt khia cgnh khdc, viec dat ra trdch hinh sy cua phdp nhdn se khdng logi tru ydeh nhiem hinh sy cOa cd nhan, yong trudng hgp nay, ca nhdn phgm tpi se chiu "trdeh nhiem kep". Dieu ndy khdng phu hgp vdi nguyen tdc cua tu phdp hinh sy tien bd yen the gidi ^^khong xu ly hai Idn vi citng mpt hdnh viphgm tpf.
Lien quan d6n van de trach nhiem hinh su, can cu hit sue quan ygng dugc khdng dinh tgi khodn I Dieu 31 cua Hien phap vua dupe Qudc hdi thdng qua "Nguai bi bupc tpi dugc coi la khong co tpi cho den khi dugc chung minh theo trinh ty ludt dinh vd co bdn dn ket tgi cua Toa dn da cd hieu lyc phdp lugf. Nhu vay, chinh sdeh hinh sy cua Nhd nude ta tiep tuc khang dinh chi ddt vdn de ydeh nhiem hinh sy ddi vdi cd nhdn con ngudi cu the, khdng ddt vdn de trdch nhiem hinh su ddi vdi phap nhan, td ehuc. Ddng thdi, eiing cdn thay rdng. Cling vdi vi6c xu ly dach nhiem hinh sy ddi vdi ed nhdn, phdp luat nude ta da cd ddy du cdc che tdi khdc (hdnh chinh, dan sy) de xu ly edc phdp nhdn ed hdnh vi vi phgm phdp luat nhu: Phat tien; tude quyen su dyng gidy phep, chdng chi hdnh nghi, bdi thudng thi?t hgi... bao ddm nguyen tdc mgi tdi phgm, mgi vi phgm phap ludt phdi dugc xu ly khdch quan, toan di^n, dung phap lugt. Hon niia, neu dat ra vdn d6 duy ciru trach nhiem hinh sy ddi vdi phdp nhan thi phdi quy djnh trinh tu, thu tuc khdi td, dieu tra, tmy td, xet xu ddi vdi phdp nhdn phgm tdi. Ddy id vdn dh rdt phuc tap vd khd khan. Vl vay, theo chung tdi khdng nen ddt ra vdn de quy dinh ydeh nhi^m hinh sy cua phap nhdn. •
(1) Dang Cgng san Vi?t Nam. Van ki$n D^i h^i d?i bieu toan qu6c Un thii XI. Nxb. Chinh tri Quoc gia. Hi Noi,20Il,tr85.
(2) Vu Dinh Hoe. Ph^p quydn nhan nghTa H& Chi Minh, Nxb. Van hoa Thong tin. Ha Npi, 2001, tr.l61
(3) Nghi quylt s6 49-NQ/TW ng^y 02/6/2005 ciia B$
Chinh tq ve Chien luqc cai cSch tu phdp den n5m 2020.
Tgp chi
1 2 I KIEMSAT_ /So 16 (thang 8/2014)
