Phat trien ben vipng d Viet Nam nhin tu* khia canh xa hdi
PGS.TS PHAN HUY DlTdNG*
Con ngudi Id trung tdm cua sir phdt triin, muc tiiu cua moi svphdt triin diu nhdm tdi muc tieu thda mdn cdc nhu cdu cua con ngudi vi vat chdt, tinh thdn vd duac sdng trong mot mdi trudng trong Idnh. Tuy nhiin, sudt mot thai gian ddi, nhdn logi chi tap trung mQi nd luc ciia minh vdo gidi quyit nhu cdu vi vdt chdt, coi nhe khia cgnh xa hdi cdng nhu mdi trudng. Kit qud ld,viic ddp ung cdc nhu cdu vi vat chdt ngay cang duac ndng cao, song ciing vdi nd la su thiiu hut vi tinh thdn vd su xudng cdp ciia mdi trudng. Dieu do da lam cho con ngudi hodi nghi myc tieu cua suphdt triin theo huang coi trong ve tiiu dung vat chdt
Tit khda: Phdt trien ben viing, kinh ti - xa hoi, Viit Nam
1. Khia canh xd h$i cua phat triin ben vihig De giai quydt van dl phdt triln bin vdng, ndm 1992, Hdi nghi Thuong dinh vl Mdi tnidng va Phdt tridn cda Lidn hprp qudc duoc td chdc tai Rio de Janeiro • Brazil da dl ra Chuong trinh nghi sir todn eiu cho thd ky XXI.
Theo dd, phdt tridn bdn vung dugfc xdc dinh la:
MOt s\r,phdt triln thda man nhdng nhu ciu cua thi h§ hi|n tai ma khdng lam hai ddn kha nang ddp dng nhiing' nhu cau cua thi he tuong lai.
Quan diem ndy da budc ede qudc gia, cac nhd khoa hpc phdi tu duy lai qua trinh phat triln vd dd n h ^ duac sir nhit tri cao. Phdt triln bdn vftng dd trd thanh muc tieu thidn nidn ky XXI.
Kl thda vd phdt trien cac thanh qua tu duy cua nhdn lo^, cdn cd vdo tinh hinh thuc te cua minh nude ta dd xdc djnh "Phdt tridn ben vung la phat trien ddp dng duge nhu cau cda thd he hidn tai md khdng Idm ton hai den khd ndng dap dng nhu cau dd eda cdc thi hd tucmg lai trdn ca sd kit hgp
ch§t chd, hdi hda giGa tang trudng kinh tl, bdo ddm tien bd xd hdi va bdo vd mdi trudng" ^
Vd ban chat ydu cau cua phdt triln bin vimg phdi hai hda cdc khia canh (try edt) cua qud trinh phat tridn bao gdm xa hdi, kinh tl vd mdi trudng. Ndi dung co ban eua khdi ni?m hdi hda cd nghia Id, trong nhiing dieu kidn nhit dinh cd thd uu tien mdt try cpt hay mdt khia canh ndo do, tuy nhidn su uu tien do phdi d mdc do nhit dinh, trong chdng muc cd the. Su hdi hda giua cac try cot nham khdc phuc hidn tuong t|.p trung thai qua vdo mdt mue tidu ndo do md thdng thudng la tang trudng kinh td. Quan diem nay giup cho cac nude, ddc biet Id cdc quIc gia dang phat tridn nhu nude ta, khdng nen tap trung vao myc tidu tang trudng kinh tl bdng mpi gid, ma trong qua trinh tdng trudng kinh tl phdi ehu y den chat lupng tdng trudng kinh tl, phdi ehii y den bdo v? mdi trudng vd ddc bi^t Id su tien bd vd edng bdng xd hdi.
*TrirJ|rng f)^] hpc Kinh t l , D9J hpc Qu6c gia H i N$i ' Myc 4, D'lku 3, Lu§t B^o vf m6i truing
NhOng vin di KINH T t vA CHiNH TR] THfe Gidl S6 5(217) 2014 -
Phat trien vu'ng or y j g t Nam... Phan Huy fltforng
Thuc tS phat triSn cua mgt s6 nuac tren the gioi da chiing minh ring, niu mgt quoc gia, vi muc tieu nuoc mSt, tang teuong kinh te bang moi gia ma khong dam bao su hai hoa giiia cac khia canh kinh ti, xa hoi va moi hliong, thi den mgt chimg muc nhit dinh, no se can tro sir tang trucmg kinh t l Hem nira, cai gia phai tra de thiet lap lai su hai hoa la v6 ciing Ion tham chi khong thi thuc Men dugc.
Su anh huong va phu thuoc lin nhau giira cac tru cot trong qua trinh phat trien chinh la ySu t6 giai thich vi sao phai hai hoa giira cac ylu t6 do. Sir hai hoa giiia cac tru cot cua phat triSn bin viJng bao ham nhieu ngi dung phiic tap va la vin di dang thu hut su quan tam ciia nhiSu hgc gia trong va ngoai nuoc trong thai gian gin day. Trong bai viet nay, tac gia chi tap trung vao viec phan tich, danh gia thuc trang su hai hoa giira khia canh tang truang Bdng 1: Tang truirng kinh te va thu nhap
kinh ti va phat triSn xa hoi o nuac ta trong thoi gian gin day.
2. Thuc trang tang trttirng kinh te va phat triln xa hoi & nu'O'c ta
2.J. NhOng thdnh tm da dat dtefc Nim vimg xu thi cua thai dai, vol cac chi truang lan nhu ma ^iia hoi nhap, tien hanh cai each thi thS kinh tk theo ca chS thi trucmg dinh huang xa hoi chii nghia. Quan diem phat trien bin viing da dugc Dang ta thi hien trong cac van kien Dai hgi K , X, va dac biet la van kien Dai hoi XI, toJng do, phat triin kinh ti nhanh gSn liin vci bin vttng la yeu ciu xuyen suot trong chiin lupc phat triin. Di thuc hien chu truang do, nhiiu chinh sach cu thi da dugc ban hanh. Nha vay, Viet Nam dugc cgng ding quic ti danh gia la mgt trong s6 cac nuoc dang phat triin da dat duoc nhihig thanh tim nii bat trong cai each kinh te huang toi tang truang va giam ngheo.
ft Viet Nam giai doan 2006 - 2012
GDP Toe do tang tnrang (%) Thu nhap (trieu dong) Toe do tang truang (%)
2006 425.373
8,44
11,7
2007 461.344
8,46 13,6
16,2 2008 490.458
6,31 17,4
27,9 2009 516.566
5,32 19,3
10,9 2010 551.609
6,78 24,026
24,4 2011 584.073
5,89
31,9
32,9 2012 613.452
5,03
36,6
14,7 Ngudn: Tinh todn cua tdc gid theo Nien gidm thdng ke.
Trong miy nam gan day, kinh ti Viet Nam tang. GDP nam 2012 gip han 1,44 lan so voi tang truong kha nhanh va tuong doi in dinh. miic nam 20a6. GDP binh quan diu nguoi nSm Toe do tang GDP binh quan hang nam dat 6,3% 2012 dat 36,6 trieu ding, tang gip 3,12 lin so trong giai doan 2006 - 2012. Quy mo cua nin voi miic nam 2006 va tang 20,9% trong giai kinh te va nang luc san xuat cac nganh diu doan nam 2006 - 2012. Nha viec gia tang thu
,46- - mCrng vin di KINH T ^ V A CHJNH T R | T H g G l a i So 6(217)2014
Phan Huy Ptfto^ Phdt tn'gn v&ng d Vtgt Nam..,
nhip tfaeo diu ngudi, Vi^ Nam dd tur vi tri.
nhdm nude nghdo budc sang nhdm nude cd.
mdc thu, Dh|lp trung binh.
MOt tidu chf dl danh gid mdi quan fad gitta tdng trudng kinh t l vd phdt triln xa hpi la xda ddi gidm i ^ d o . 6 nude ta, xda ddi gidm i ^ d o ludn Id mdt trong nhttng muc tieu trpng tdm trong mdi quan tdm chung cua Ddng, Nhd nude vd toan thi n h ^ dan. Nhd v|iy, Vi?t Nam tir mdt trong nhttng quIc gia nghdo nhit thi gidi da trd thdnh qudc gia ed thu nhdp trung binh nhu hidn nay. T^ Id hd ngheo cd nude gidm td 22% ndm 2005 xudng cdn khoang 7,6% ndm 2013, trong dd, giai d o ^ 2005 - 2010 "(dp dyng chuin ngheo cu):
T^ Id hd nghdo ca nude da gidm tit 22% (nam 2005) xudng cdn 18,1% (ndm 2006); 14,75%
(ndm 2007); 12,1% (nam 200g); 11,3% (nam 2009) vd 9,45% (nam 2010). Ty Id hp ngheo trdn dia bdn 62 huydn ngheo gidm xuing cdn 37%. Trong giai d o ^ 2010 - 2013 (dp dung chuin nghdo mdi): T^' Id hd ngheo ca nude dd gidm td 14,2% (nam 2010) xuIng cdn 11,76% (ndm 2011) vd 9,6% (ndm 2012), ndm 2013 cdn khodng 7,6% - 7,8%l Theo ddnh gid eda Td chdc Luang thyc vd Ndng
nghiep Lidn hop qudc (FAO) thi Vidt Nam la mpt trong so 38 qudc gia dugc vinh danh la nude cd nliieu thdnh tich trong cdng cu$c xda ddi gidm ngheo. Hidn nay, Vi$t Nam ddng thd 6 tren todn cau ve thuc hidn cdc muc tidu thidn nidn k^.
Cung vdi vide xda ddi gidm ngheo, tang trudng kmh td da gdp phin quan trpng dpi vdi phat triln con ngudi d Viet Nam. Chi si Phdt tridn con ngudi (HDI) la thudc do tdng hop vl y td, giao due va thu nhap dupe thilt kl dh danh gia mure dp vd tidn bd vl phat triln con ngudi. Vi le, dd Chi sd HDI eung duprc coi Id chi sd quan trpng nhat phdn dnh sy phdt triln xd hdi. Viet Nam dupfc ddnh gid Id "mdt trong nhung nude rat ndng dpng vd dat duprc tiln bd phdt triln con ngudi rdt nhanh"^. Chi si HDI eda Vidt Nam da tdng 41% trong hai thdp k^
qua. Ket qua do dd gidp Vidt Nam ndm trong so hon 40 quoc gia dang phat triln d^t duge nhttng tidn bd ban cd mong dgi vl phdt triln con ngudi trong thdi gian gan ddy. Ndm 2012, Chi si HDI eua Vidt Nam Id 0,617 vd ddng thd 127 tren tdng sd 187 qudc gia - ndm trong nhdm xip loai trung binh vd HDI.
Bdng 2: Chi so HDI va thd hang cua Viet Nam giai doan 2006 - 2012
Chi so Thiihgng
2006 0,718 109/177
2007 0,725 105/177
2008 0,572' 105/177
2009 0,584 116/182
2010 0,590 113/169
2011 0,593 128/187
2012 0,617 127/187 NguSn: Bdo cdo ciia UNDP tai Viet Nam.
' B9 Lao tf^ng - Thuang binh \k Xi h$i
NhOng vin di KINH T £ V A C H E N H TR) T H £ G i d l S6 5(217) 2014
Pratibha Mehta, Di^u phoi viSn thuimg trii cCia Lien h<fp quoc t^i Vi^t Nam.
Phat trien vOngdVigt Nam... Phan Huy Dudng Cung vdi vide nang cao thu nhap, vide ndng
cao tudi thp, sy phdt tridn cda gido due, dao tao, cham sdc y tl vd mdt sd ITnh vuc khac dd gdp phdn edi thien ehi sd phdt triln con ngudi cua nude ta thdi gian qua.
Nhd nude Viet Nam ludn dat con ngudi d vi tri trung tam va coi con ngudi vua la muc tidu, vua la ddng lye cua qua trinh phat trien. Kd tu khi ddi mdi, chu truang nay dd dupe cy thi hda thanh cac chuang trinh, chinh sach_ vd chidn luge phat tridn qudc gia vdi nhung ket qua quan hong. Viet Nam da cd nhidu nd luc trong viec xay dung va hoan thien he thdng phap luat md dinh cao la vide thdng qua Hidn phap mdi, trong do ddng chu y la cac quy dinh lien quan din- quydn con ngudi vd quyen ca bdn cua cdng ddn. Ddi sdng vat chat vd tinh than cua ngudi dan khdng ngdng dugc nang cao. Vide cai thidn chdt lugng cude sing ciia con ngudi chung td rdng Viet Nam da thdnh cdng trong viec kit hgp hai hda cae muc tieu gitta tang trudng kinh tl vd phdt trien xa hpi theo quan dilm phat trien ben viing.
2.2. NhUng mat con hgn che
Mdt trong nhttng mat ban che cd nguy ca lam cho su phat tridn ndi chung cua nude ta cd nguy CO cheeh hudng bdn vttng la su chenh lech ve thu nhap. Tang trudng kinh td eua Viet Nam thdi gian qua dugc danh gia la khd cao, nhung cung vdi nd la khoang each chdnh lech thu nhdp ciing dang doang ra. Theo danh gia cua' Ngan hang The gidi (WB), tinh trang phan hda giau ngheo tai Viet Nam dang ehuyen dan tu muc tuong ddi binh dang nam 2002 sang muc bat binh dang do ehdnh lech thu nhap ngdy cang tang gitta cae nhdm dan cu Men nay, dac biet la d cac thanh phd Idn.
Khoang each chenh lech thu nhap gitta nhom 20% ngudi giau nhat va 20% ngudi ngheo nhat dang ngay cdng xa. Theo kdt qua
nghien cuu cua Vidn Nghien cdu Qudn I;^
Kinh tl Trung uong (CIEM), thi nam 1995 khoang each nay la 7 Idn, ndm 2006 khoang each nay Id 8,4 Idn, nam 2010 Id 9,2 Idn va 9,5 lan vdo nam 2012 .
Mdc du ddi sdng cua ngudi ddn dugc cai thidn, ty Id nghdo gidm, nhung Chi sd Chenh lech vl thu nhdp (Gini) d Viet Nam cdn cao va cd xu hudng tang qua cac nam (ndm 2004 Gini la 0,423, nam 2006 con sd nay la 0,425 va mm 2012 la 0,43). Chi so Gini cao thi hien sy phan hda thu nhap, phdn hda gidu ngheo eao gitta cac tdng Idp ddn cu. Ngoai thu nhap gitta cac nhdm dan cu kd tren, nude ta cdn cd su chenh lech kha Idn gitta ndng thdn vd thanh thi, gitta cac viing miln vd gitta cac ngdnh kinh td khde nhau.
Kit qud nghien cuu cua CIEM cho thdy, muc thu nhap binh quan ddu ngudi/thang hien nay a khu vuc thanh thi vdn cao gap ban 2 lan so voi khu vue ndng thdn; Thu nhdp binh quan dau ngudi cao nhdt la Ddng Nam Bp cao gdp 2,5 lan vimg thdp nhdt la Trung du va midn nui phia Bde (2.165 va 902,8 nghin ddng/thang); cac ngdnh cd thu nhdp binh quan dau ngudi cao nhdt nhu nganh md, luydn kim, ngdn hang, dugc... so vdi cac nganh cd mue thu nhap thap nhu nganh det may, da day, thuc pham... muc chenh lech la tu 2,6 ddn hem 4 lan .
Chi si HDI tuy dugc cdi thien, song vl ban chat chi sd nay con phy thudc nhidu vao tang thu nhap, su ddng gdp eua cdc mat khac nhu giao dye va y te ehua dang ke. De phat tridn con ngudi khdng ehi don thuan la tang thu nh^
trung binh, do chi la each thuc tidn hanh trong ngan ban va kem bdn vung, cdn ve dai han, mudn phat tridn con ngudi mot each ben vihig, phdi cai thien y te vd giao dye.
•* Tong cue ThSng ke (2010): Kit qua diiu tra mice song ho gia dinh.
' CIEM-Trung tam Thong tin, Tirli^u
i^ - NhOng vin di KINH T S VA C H I N H TR) T H E Gidl S6 5(217)2014
Phan Huy Ptrdng Phat trien vttng d Vrgt Nam..
Thdnh tich gidm ngheo tuy eao nhung ehua ben vttng, nguy eo tdi nghdo cdn cao tai cac huydn ngheo, cdc xd dac biet khd klian, cac xa bien gidi, cdc xd bdi ven biln, hai dao, viing cd ddng ddng bao ddn tdc thidu so... Cdng tdc tao vi?c Idm chua ben vttng, ty le thdt nghidp d khu vuc ndng thdn cd xu hudng tang tu 1,05%
ndm 2000 Idn 2,27% ndm 2011. Chuyin dich ea cdu lao ddng cdn chdm, tao ra su lech pha giua chuyen dich ea edu kinh td va co cdu lao ddng.
Ty Id tham gia bdo hidm xa hpi edn thap, mdi bdng 20% luc lugng lao ddng (nam 2011). Bdo hiem bdt budc mdi bao phu 70% lao ddng thupc dien bat bupc tham gia, nguy ca mdt can ddi quj? bdo hiem xa hdi cao; bdo hiem xa hdi tu nguydn mdi thu hut 0,22% sd lao ddng thudc dien tham gia^...
Nhttng nguyen nhdn lam giam tac dpng lan tda cua tdng trudng kinh te Id trong thdi gian qua Viet Nam dang cd xu hudng uu tien cho muc tieu tdng trudng kinh te va coi nhe cac muc tieu phat tridn xa hdi. Ddu tu cdng nham tao ra tdng trudng kinh te udc tinh ehiem 24,7% trong tong chi tieu ngdn sach, tuang ducmg vdi 7,9%
GDP ndm 2008. Trong khi dd, chi tieu cdng cho giao due udc tinh chi chiem 5,3% va cho y te chi chilm 2,8% GDP'. Thue td eho thdy, tdng trudng kinh te cao khdng phai luc nao cdng mang lai sy phat trien xa hdi. Hon ntta, dau tu vdo tdng trudng kinh td d nude ta cdn kem hieu qud so vdi cac nude khac trong khu vuc.
Nude ta duy tri qua lau ca che tap trung quan lieu bao cap, khi chuyen sang ca che kinh tl thj trudng djnh hudng xd hgi chii nghTa, lao ddng du thua d ndng thdn chua kip dao tao de chuyen sang khu vyc cdng nghiep.
Ngudi dan tuy cdn chiu nhieu rui ro trong cu$c song, sdn xudt song chua quen vdi vide su dyng ede thidt che phdng ngua.
B<i Lao dijn^ - Thyang binh vh Xa hpi.
B4o c4o Qu6c gia v^ Phit tri^n Con nguiri nam 2011
Ca jche xin - cho, bao cap, mdi trudng kinh doanh khdng binh dang vd thdng tin khdng minh bach da tao dieu kidn cho mdt bd phdn giau len nhanh chdng bang tham nhiing, budn lau, trdn thue, an cdp ban quyen..., trong khi mdt bd phan dan cu khdng cd ca hpi lam gidu hoac lam ari yeu kem, sinh de khdng cd kd hoach, sa vao cac td nan xa hdi...
Xu hudng thucmg mai hod tran lan trong giao due, y te va edc dich vu xa hdi khdc dan den vide ngudi nghdo hoac khdng the tiep can hodc khdng dugc thy hudng ma le ra cd quyen dugc hudng phuc lgi xa hdi.
Tinh trang tham nhiing va ca che dieu hanh khdng minh bach da ban chd nhimg nd luc xdy dung mdt xa hpi binh dang dya tren cac quy dinh eiia phap ludt. Didu nay da tac dpng tidu cue den su tin tudng va nhan thuc ciia ngudi dan ve tinh hgp phap cua su phdn phdi thu nhap va ca hdi phdt trien.
3. Mpt so gidi phdp nham hai hoa giiia tdng trudng kinh te va phat trien xd hpi theo quan diem phdt trien ben vttng
Nang cao horn ntta ty trpng ddu tu cho phdt tridn xa hdi, dac biet la phat trien con ngudi.
Trong do, can uru tien vao dau tu cho xay dyng nang lire, md rdng sir lira chpn ciia ngudi dan va tang cudng cac ket qua cua phat trien con ngudi vao tdng trudng kinh td theo hudng nang cao hieu qua va chat lugng tang trudng,
Tao co hpi cho ngudi dan phat trien nang luc va kha nang ciia minh va cai thien phuc lgi, ddng thdi bao dam cac ket qua binh dang ban gitta cac nhdm kinh te xa hdi va giira cac khu vuc. Tao ra cac dich vy xa hpi co chat lugng cao, ddng thdi tdng cudng ca hdi nham tiep can ciia toan dan ddi vdi cac dich vu xa hdi cd chat lugng giiip ban che bat binh dang va chenh l?ch gia tang hien nay. Phat trien he thdng an sinh xd NhOng vin di KINH T £ VA CHJNH TR! T H 6 Gidl S6 5(217) 2014 -
Phat trien vttng cf Viet Nam... Phan Huy Dudng hdi phu hgp vdi nhu edu ciia cdc tdng lop ddn
cu vd khd ndrig chi tra cua ngudi dan. Dam bao mpi cdng ddn cd quyen tiep cdn an sinh xa hpi, tao lap thi trudng dd phat tridn ede dieb vu xa hpi. Su phdt trien eua thi trudng dich vy xd hpi chinh la sy gan ket giua tang trudng kinh te vd phat tridn xa hdi theo hudng bdn vttng.
Nha nude dung tidn ngan sdch de hd trg cho ngudi ngheo, nhttng ngudi gap nii ro, khuyet tat...
thdng qua cac chuang trinh kmh tl - xa hdi, cae quy trg cap qudc gia, trg cdp, tin dung, uu dai...
Van ddng su ddng gdp eua xa hdi vdo quy xoa ddi giam ngheo, giup dd vimg thidn tai...
Tang cudng cae dich vy cdng nhu du dn y td cdng cong, bdnh vien mien phi cho ngudi ngheo, chuang trinh nude sach, cham sdc ngudi gia cd dan, trd em md cdi. Hp ngheo dugc midn giam cac khoan ddng gdp xa hdi do dia phuang quy dinh dd xay dung ea sd san xudt, djch vy...
dugc mien giam cac khoan thud nhu thud ndng nghiep, thud doanh thu. Giam sat, theo ddi, danh gia chat che va minh bach, phdng, chdng tham d, tham nhiing.
Tao viec lam cho ngudi ngheo thdng qua viec phat trien kinh te, day manh xudt khdu lao ddng, thuc hidn cac boat ddng hd trg viec lam nhu: chuang trinh trg gia vdn va cdng nghe, phat trien cac trung tam dich vu gidi thidu vide lam, td chuc dieu tra, thu nhap thong tin ve thi trudng lao ddng va giai quylt lao dpng ddi du.
Dieu tilt gia ca, quan he cung cdu tren thi trudng nham bao dam dn dinh san xudt va muc sdng ciia nhimg ngudi co thu nhap thdp. Trg giup tin dung cho vay vdn vdi dieu kien uu dai timg ngudn tin dung cua ngan hang phyc vy ngudi ngheo, quy xoa ddi gidm ngheo, cac chuang trinh xoa ddi giam ngheo.
Tang cudng ddu tu, phat tridn vdn nhan lye, tao ra su cdng bdng tuang ddi trong cac
CO hdi giao due ddi vdi mpi ngudi ddn. Xay dung xa hdi hpc t£tp Id dilu kien tien quylt d£
thuc hidn cdng bang vd cdc ca hpi dugc gido due vd dao tap. Tdng ddu tu cdng vdo nhihig khu vuc kem phat tridn, tai khu virc ndng thdn va midn ndi. Nha nude can tap trung ddu tir vao nhimg khu vuc nay, nhudng nhttng du ^ lgi nhuan eao, nhieu nii ro cho dau tu tu nhan vd nude ngoai. Cung vdi vide tang cudng dSu tu cdng vdo cac khu vuc kem phat triln U viec ndng cao chat lugng qudn ly, cac ket qua ddu tu phai den vdi ngudi dan, tranh hifin tugng that thodt.
Phat tridn ndng nghiep, ndng thdn theo hudng cdng nghiep hda hidn dai hda. Lua chon cdng nghe hgp ly doi vdi ndng nghiep - nong thdn. Tang cudng dau tu cho ndng nghiep, ndng thdn bang mpi ngudn vdn. Gidi quyet "ddu ra"
cho ndng san hang hoa.
Phat huy cde khia canh tich eye ciia kinh tS thi trudng, khuyin khich canh tranh lanh manh, tao dpng luc cudn hiit mpi ngudi vao phat trien kinh te xa hdi. Dilu tilt lgi ich gifla cac thanh phdn kinh te, thyc hien edng bSng j xa hpi. Tien hanh eai each rudng ddt, tao dieu | kien cho ngudi ngheo dugc vay theo lai suat uu dai, danh thud luy tidn, nhdm ban che sir phan biet giau ngheo va thue hien xoa doi giam ngheo.
Tiep tuc duy tri mdi trudng chinh tri dn dinh de tang trudng kinh td va thuc hidn edng bang xa hpi, xay dung nen dan chii, dl ngudi nghSo cd vi tri trong xa hoi. Ddng thdi, tao lap moi trudng thuan lgi dd mpi ngudi vuan len lam giau mpt each chinh dang.
Nang cao trinh dp dan tri ciia nhan dan. ?Ui trien giao due nang cao dan tri trudc hit phii xoa mii, tai mu, thyc hidn phd cap giao due.
Tang cudng giao due van hod phdp luat va vin hoa dan chu cho ngudi dan dh mpi ngudi cd j .50- - NhOng vin di KINH T t VA CHINH TR! TH^ Giai S6 5(217)201^
Phan Huy Pudng _ _ ^ Phat trien vttng dVigt Nam...
thuc vuon Idn gdp phdn cho tdng trudng kinh tl trudng kinh te nhanh gan lien vdi phdt trien bin theo hudng bin vttng. Thyc hidn muc tieu tang vihig md Ddng ta dd dl ra*
Tdi lieu tham khao:
1. Bd Lao ddng thuang binh xa hdi vd ILO (2010): Xu hudng lao ddng vd xa hoi Viet Nam 2009/70. Hd Ndi: ILO.
2. Bp Lao dpng thuang binh vd xa hoi vd EU (2011): Xu hudng viec lam tgi Viet Nam 2010. Hd Npi:IL01.
3. Qudc Dung (2011): Chinh lich phdt trien tgo ra 'tdi ngheo' cua ddt nude, TuanVietnam, 07/07.
4. Duang Minh Tri (2012): De thu hep khodng cdch gidu ngheo. Doanh nhdn cudi tuan, 14/2.
5. Hoa Le (2012): Thu hep khodng cdch thu nhdp giiia cdc tdng lap ddn cu. Tap chi Tdi chinh.
6. Jonathan R. Pincus: Tdng trudng cd tdt cho ngudi ngheo?, Chuang trinh gidng day kinh te Fulbright, Nien khda 2011 - 2013
7. Le Quoc Hpi (2010): Bat binh ddng thu nhdp d Viet Nam vd nhOng khuyen nghi chinh sdch.
Bdi viet ddng trong an pham "Vugt qua bay thu nhap trung binh: ca hdi vd thach thuc ddi vdi Viet nam", Dien dan Phat tridn Viet nam, NXB. Giao thdng van tdi.
8. Lien hgp qudc d Viet Nam (2009): Cdn bdng giiia phdt trien con ngudi, kinh te vd phdt trien bin viing: Phdn tich tong hop tinh hinh phdt trien ciia Viet Nam vd nhiing thdch thiic ve trung hgn nhdm chudn bi cho Ki hogch mot Lien hap quoc giai dogn 2012 - 2016, Ha Npi.
9. Lien hgp quIc d Viet Nam (2011): Bdo cdo hdng ndm 2010, Ngdn hang The gidi (2009), Bdo cdo phdt trien Viit Nam 2010: Nhiing the che hien dgi. Ha Npi.
10. Nguyen Thj Nga (2006): Tdng trudng kinh ti vdi cong bdng xd hdi a nude ta hien nay. Tap chi Cdng san sd 116.
11. Thanh Huang (2011): Bdt binh ddng thu nhdp vd ca hoi, Thdi bao kinh te Sai Gdn.
12. Tdng cyc Thong kd: Kdt qua dieu tra muc sdng hp gia dinh 2010.
13. Tdng eye Thong kd: nien giam thdng ke cac ndm.
14. Trung tdm Khoa hpe xa hpi va Nhan van Qudc gia (2001): Bdo cdo qudc gia vi phdi triin con ngudi: Ddi mdi vd phdt triin con ngudi a Viet Nam, NXB. Chinh tri Qudc gia, Ha Npi.
15. UNDP (2012): Phdt triin con ngudi vd nhiing khdi niem lien quan, Tai lieu nghien cihi phat triln con ngudi 2010/01, New York.
16. UNDP, Bao cao phat triln con ngudi nam 2013: "5if trSi day cua cdc nude Nam bdn cdu:
Tiin bg vi con ngudi trong mgt thi gidi da dang" Chuang Trinh Phat Trien Lien Hgp Qudc T.a nhd One United Nations Plaza NewYork, NY 10017
17. Vi?n Nghien cuu Quan ly kinh tl Trung uong (2007): Vi chdt luang vd tinh ben viing cua suphdt triin, Thdng tin chuyen de si 4.
NhOng vin di KINH T t VA CHJNH TR] THE Gidl S6 5(217) 2014 -
