MQT SO GIAI PHAP DE VIET NAM PHAT TRIEN MO HINH
DOANH NGHIEP XA HQI
• TRAN MINH DCTC
T 6 M TAT:
Doanh nghiep xa hoi (DNXH) co nhieu tfu the', liem nang, bat ngu^n tCf ban chS't kh6ng ldi nhuSn va muc tieu xa hpi ben vffng cua m6 hinh nSy. Tren the gidi, cd rS't nhilu qu6'c gia da ban hanh cac chinh sdch khuyen khich, thuc day doanh nghidp xa hOi ph3t trien tr6n quan diem Nh^ niTdc can hdp t5c va chia se trach nhi^m cung ca'p phue ldi vdi cdc doanh nghiep xa hgi de dat hieu qua cao hdn. Trong bo'i canh h^i nh§p cua nen kinh t6' nu'dc ta hiSn nay vk trifdc cdc va'n de xa hoi, moi tru'dng ngay c&ng trd n6n phu'c lap, vi$c k6'thffa kinh nghiem tff cdc nffdc tien tig'n trong phat trien doanh nghiep xa hpi 1^ can thie't cho sff phdt Irien toan di^n va b^n vffng cua da'l nffdc. Bai vie't phan tich hoat dong ciia cdc DNXH tai mot so nffdc phdt trien va dffa ra mpt so' giai phdp de Viel Nam phdt trien mo hmh doanh nghiep xa hgi trong Ihdi gian tdi.
Tff khoa: Doanh nghiep, doanh nghiep xa hoi, hoat d6ng, kinh doanh, xa hoi.
l.D$t vande
Trong giai doan trffdc Doi mdi (1986), Viet Nam da cd nipt so nio hinh kinh te'cd the dffdc coi la cac DNXH - \ 1 du nhir cac hdp tac xa (HTX) tao viec Iam cho ngffdi khuyet tat,... Sau nam 1986. mpt so' DNXH thffc thu da bat dau xua't hien nhff Tn/dng Hoa Sffa. Nha hang KOTO tai Ha Ngi, Mai Handicrafts tai thanh pho Ho Chi Minh (CIEM.
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Trong nhffng nam gan day. khi Viet Nam da trd thanh nirdc co thu nhap tning binh tha'p, ddng vo'n tai tni cd \u hffdng giam. Do do. khong it To chffc piii chinh phu iNGO) da chuyen doi thanh DNXH de tim hffdng di mdi cho minh. Them vao do. qua tnnh phdt trien kinh te qua nhanh da dat ra rat nhieu va'n d& XH - moi trffdng \a vi the. gian tie'p dao dieu kien cho md hinh D W H phai trien. Ben canh do la nhieu van de bat ngudn tCr vu phai tricn ciia kinh te, XH. vi du.
bao Iffc xa hpi (XH), stress cua dan do thi, sff qud l3i cua gido due va y te, an toan thffc pham, xiJf 1^ r^c thai, 6 nhi6m khong khi, tiet Idem nang lffdng, hko ton van hoa,... DNXH cd nhieu tiem nang d^ lr5 thanh doi tac cua Chinh phu de giai quye't cdc v^n 6^
nay. Vi vSy, viec tao lap khuon kho phap 1^ va cdc chinh sach khuye'n khich, hd trp DNXH mang tinh can thiet.
2. DNXH va hoat dOng ciia DNXH tgi m^t stf nffdc phat trie'n
2.1. Vai tro cm DNXH
"DNXH la mpt mo hinh kinh doanh dffdc thJlnh lap nhdm thiTc hien cac muc tieu XH, va sff dung 1^1 nhuan de tdi ddu tiT cho muc liou dd hoae cho c0ng dong, thay vl toi da hoa ldi nhuan cho co dong hodc chu sd hffu" (CIEM. 2012. ir4). Khong it \f thuydt da chi ra difdc y nghTa .sau x.i % •, vai tro rpng ldn cHa
•' lai. Cac tac gii cac DNXH doi vdi XH tron-.
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Roger L. Martin \a Sally Osberg (2007), la thanh
\icn hpi dong quan tri va CEO ciia SkoU Foundation da dffa ra mpt ma tran noi tie'ng de phan tich DNXH. Theo d6, 3 loai hinh hoat dpng XH dffpc sip xep dffa tren each thffc tde dpng trffc tiep hay gidn tiep va hieu qua cuo'i cung la giai quyet ii\S(}c vS'n de XH mot each ben vffng:
a. DNXH cung cap phue ldi XH, tff thien: Dffdc thifc hien trffc tie'p bdi cdc to chffc NGO va cde nha h3o lam, hp gdp phan giai quye't cdc van nan XH mot cdch tide tie'p.
b. Cac phong trao XH dffdc thffc hien bdi cac nha hoat dgng XH: Cd the lay vi du nhff cupc dau tanh cua Muc sff Luther King cho quyln binh dang cua ngffdi da den hay cugc van dpng Trach nhiem XH ciia DN (CSR),... Cac phong trao nay cd tac dpng rpng khiSp, giai quyet van de XH mOt each ben vffng, dun den mgt "diem can bdng" mdi dffdc XH chap nhdn.
c. DNXH c6 the giSi quyet vS'n de XH trffc tiep va b^n vffng: Cung cung ca'p phue ldi XH nhu" NGO nhffng DNXH cd ffu die'ro r^ng d kha nang phat trien quy mo vh nhan rpng.
Ma tran ciia Roger L. Maitin vil Sally Osberg giiJp chiing ta tha'y iing. DNXH cd nhffng ifu diem nhm ngay trong each tie'p can cung nhff ban chd't cua md hinh nay. Neu nhffng the manh do dffdc phat huy, DNXH se mang lai nhffng hieu qua XH sau rpng.
2.2. Hogt dgng ciia DNXH tgi mgt sd'nif&c phdt triin
Tren the'gidi hien nay nhieu quo'e gia ed phong trdo DNXH phat trien manh me. Diem chung cac DNXH hoat dpng tai edc quo'c gia nay giiip Viet Nam cd the ke thffa va phdt tn^n do lii: DNXH phai ddt muc tieu XH len hang dau; Ldi nhuan DNXH phSi dudc tdi phan phoi trd lai cho hoat dpng ciia to chffc hodc eho cpng dong; DNXH pha i ed sff tham gia ciia cong dong hoae cdc ben hifdng ldi; DNXH phai phue \ u nhu cau ciia Nhom day XH.
2.2.1. Vucfiig qiwc Anh
DNXH d Anh hoat dong difdi rat nhieu hinh thdc Id chffc va dja vj phdp ly da dang, bao gom: cac cdng ty vi ldi ich cpng dong. cong ty TNHH. cong ty CO phan. quy tin dung, chi nhanh kinh doanh cua cac to'chffc tff thien phi Idi nhuan, DN do ngffdi iam thue tff chii. HTX, quy phat trien. lien hiep nha 6.
cdng i\ XH va cdc quy iiy thac... Hien nay. DNXH
d Anh difdc dat trong mot he sinh thai ldn hdn \di nhieu ben tham giade tao tac dgng \ a hieu qua bin vffng. Chinh phd Anh hien dang thffc hien chinh sach phat trien DNXH theo 4 dinh hffdng chinh gom: H6 trd cac Doanh nhan xa hpi (DNhXH) phat trien hoat dong cua hp tren qui md ldn hdn thong qua ho trd phdt uien to chffc va khi ed dieu kien thi ho trd hp hen ket. hdp tac. \a\' dffng mang lu'di vd nhan rpng qua mo hinh nhifdng quyen (licensing);
Khuye'n khich van hda chia se (giving culture) va h-ach nhiem doi vdi XH. dac biel thong qua viec ho trd cac DNXH \a dong gdp cho cdc hoat dong tinh nguyen nham hd trd dich vu cong; Chuyen giao dieh vu cdng vdi muc dich thiic da'y cdc sdng kien XH va nang eao hieu qua; Khuyen khich vii ygu eau (khi can thie't) viec thife hien CSR {Charies Leadbeater, 2007). Vdi cdch tie'p can nay, ehinh sach ho trd cac DNXH eiia chinh phu Anh bao gom:
Nudi dffdng van hda DNXH thdng qua cac chffdng trinh dao tao DNXH, thucda'y truyen thdng. nghien cffu va ddnh gid tde dong XH (SROI); Tang cffdng tu" van va thong dn eho viec thanh lap va phdi trien DNXH; Cai thien tie'p can nguon vo'n tai chinh va da dang hda cdc hinh thffc dau tff; Cung cap vo'n va tang kha nang thanh loan cho cdc lo chffc trung gian hien dang dau tff va cdc DNXH....
Sd Iffdng DNXH d Anh da len tdi tren 90.000, vdi long doanh thu dat 70 ly bang (Gladius Kulolhungan, 2014). Nhin chung d Anh. nha nifdc ddng vai tro vffa la ngffdi thtic day, nudi dffdng hd trd, vffa la khdch hang ldn cua DNXH. Day la mgt diem khac biet khd quan trgng giffa sff phdt trien phong trao DNXH d Anh so vdi cac nu'dc khac tren the'gidi.
2.2.2. HoaKy
Tff nhffng nam 1960. md hinh "Nha nffdc phue ldi" da thinh hanh d M> vdi hang ty USD dffdc dau tu' eho cdc mue tieu giam ngheo. giao due, cham sdc sffc khde. phdt uien cgng dong. mdi trffdng, nghe thuat thdng qua cde NPO (To chffc phi ldi nhuan). Cdc to ehffe NPO bdt dau nhan tha'y DNXH la mgt mo hlnh cd the diay the cho nguon hd trd cua chinh phu. Ve cac loai hinh hoat dong. DNXH d My ciing hoat dpng dffdi nhieu hinh thffc da dang nhff: DN td nhan (Sole proprietorship): Cong ty co phdn (Corporation);
Cong t\ hdp doanh (Parmership): Cdng ty TNHH {Limited Liabilit>' Company)... Tff ndm 2008. luat phap cua mot so' lieu bang -My hdt dau cho phep
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thanh lap va quan Iy hoat dpng cac cdng ly Idi nhuan tha'p M\ (L3C) - mot hinh thffc DN hoan toan mdi.
ket hdp muc tieu XH ciia cdc td chffc NPO vdi cac hinh thffc s6' hu\i da dang nhu edng ty TNHH. cho phep phan chia ldi nhuan. Chinh phu Lien bang M5 the hien no lffc trong viec thue day sff phat trien ciia DNXH. tnfde het bang MCC thanh lap Van phong Sang kien XH \ a sff diam gia eiia Cong dan (Office of Social Innovation and Civic ParticipaUon - SICP).
SICP hoat ddng dffa tren 3 mue tieu chinh. dd la:
Khuyen khich sff phdt trien cdc lanh dao crong cpng ddng; Tdng cffdng dau tff vao nhffng sang kie'n cgng ddng mang lai hieu qua rd rang; Phdt trien nhieu hinh thffe hdp tac mdi. So' lieu tffTrung tam Quo'c gia thd'ng kc cdc hoal ddng tff thien cho tha'y. DNXH d My lien tuc tang nhanh. Cdc hoat dgng thffdng mai trong sudl 20 nam (1982 - 2002) khong nhffng dan trd thanh nguon thu ldn nhat cua cde to' chffc NPO. ma cdn cd nhffng bffdc tdng trffdng dang ke d mffe 219*^.
so\di mffcddnggdp tff khoi tff nhan I97rf va nguon lai trd cua chinh phu 169%. Dieu ddng ndi la su'diay ddi trong i\ trong ciia tong doanh thu tff nguon kinh doanh thffdng mai phi ldi nhuan tang tff 48.K''f cua nam 1982 len 57,6% vdo nam 2002. Trong khi dd.
tdng trffdng tff nguon ddng gdp cua khd'i tff nhan chi tff 19.9% Ien tdi 22.27r \a sff hd trd tai ehinh cua chinh phu chi Idng nhe tff 17% len 17.2% (Keriin &
Pollak. 2006). Dieu n;i\ da chffng minh, DNXH da gdp phan quan trgng nang cao tinh Of chii ve tai chinh vii'ng vang ciia cdc to' chffc NPO d M> thdi gian qua.
2.2.3. Singapore
Tai Singapore, qua tnnh tang trffdng kinh te nhanh da lam gia tang khoang each giffa cdc tang ldp ngffdi dan d dao quo'c nay. De thuc day va ho u^d sff phat trien cua DNXH. nam 2006. Bg Phdt trien Cong dong. Thanh nien va The thao thanh lap mpt Phdng D.VXH (Division). Ke't qua eua sff hdp Iffc nay la Chien Iffdc phdt trien kinh doanh ve DNXH. theo dd se tap trung vao 3 van de ldn gom: Thuc day CSR;
Phat trien cae eong cu hd u-p cho DNXH; Lan tda md hinh va nhan thffe ve DNXH.
Cac DNXH d Singapore hien dang hoat dgng theo 4 md hinh cd ban dd la: Md hinh hoa nhap - nhCfng DNXH nay cung cap cac khda dao tao ky ndng va cd hoi nghe nghiep cho cde nhdm bi le hda.
giup hp hoa nhap cdng ddng \ a nang cao kha nang tff iffc cda ban than; Md hlnh tdi dau tif ldi nhuan - muc
tieu cua cac DNXH nay Id tao ra ldi nhijan de l5i tn}
trd lai cho cac chifdng tnnh XH. hodc dau tff cho cdc hoat ddng tff thien cua to chffc minh; Md hinh cdc dich vu dffdc trd ea'p - cung cd'p cac dich vu dffdc bao ca'p tdi cac dd'i tifdng thiet thoi trong dien trd cS'p vil tinh phi thffdng mai ty le % \di cdc khach hdng chinh: Mo hinh nhu cau XH, dffdc thie't ke'de phyc vu nhu cau eua XH hoae giai quyet mpt va'n de XH nao do,... Ddng gdp ldn nha't ciia DNXH d Singapore hien nay ehu ye'u trong va'n de tao viee lam. Cu the, trong mgt bao cao gan day, 94 DNXH dffdc khao sdt da tao ra 1.212 viee lam on dinh todn thdi gian vii 341 viee lam ban thdi gian. Trong viee tao vi^c lilm hda nhap eho ngffdi khuyet tat eiing cd den 254 ngffdi lam todn thdi gian vd 236 ban thdi gian (Slate of Social Enterprise in Singapore, 2007).
3. Lam gi di phat trien DNXH if Vi^t Nam Viet Nam hien nay dang hpi du edc dieu ki?n vii mo hinh tieu bieu de phal trien loai hinh DNXH.
Tnfde tien, Viet Nam van dinh hffdng theo md hlnli xa hpi ehii nghia. chii trpng nhieu vdo viec gi3i quy^t cdc van de XH. Hien, Viet Nam da cd hdng trdm DNXH chinh thffe ddng ky hoat dpng vh hdng ngHn DN khde cd y dinh trd thanh DNXH. Ben canh dd.
vdi sff tang trffdng kinh te eao eua Viet Nam trong nhffng nam qua lam cho nguon tai trd cua cac tochiJc quo'e te cho cdc hoat dgng XH dang ngay mgt giSm.
Vi vay, viec phat trien cac DNXH se gdp phan giii quyet mpt so' va'n de ve XH va mdi ttifdng khi cac DN nay cam ke't danh mpt phan ldi nhuan hhng ndm cho hoat dpng tai dau lu"cdc ITnh vffc mdi ffffdng.XH ma hp da cam ket va dang ky.
3.1. Nhihig khd khdn phdt trien DNXH DNXH d Viet Nam ngay cang khdng dinh nhutig ddng gdp thiet thffc cho kinh te, gdp phan thffc hifin an sinh XH, tuy vay, qua trinh hoat dgng vk phdi tnen van cdn gap ra't nhi&u khd khan, ba't cap:
Thd nhd'l. DNXH d Viet Nam hien nay cdn 1^
mpt khai niem mdi. Luat DN nam 2014 la vdn bin phap luat mdi nha't ed neu cde lieu ehi de xdc djnh DNXH tai Dieu 10 nhffng lai ehffa dffa ra djnh ngWa ro rang DNXH la gi. Dieu nay dan de'n h? qii3 thffdng gap la sif hoai nghi ciia eac ben ve ban ch^I va muc dieh eua DNXH. Viec ihieu mdt djnh nghia chinh thffc vdi cac qui dinh cu the ve tieu chi xem xet va cdng nhan cac DNXH da anh hffdng de'n --li phdttriencua lmh vffe na\...
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Vidhai. cac ioai hinh to ehffe phdp ly cho DNXH hiC'n nav ve cd ban dffde chia lam hai nhom chinh la:
DN hoal ddng theo Ludt DN va To ehffe NGO hoat dong theo mpt so'vdn ban dffdi luat,... Viec lffa chpn di theo mpt khung phap ly nha't dinh la DN hoae To chffc NGO cho mpt thffe die to chffc mang dae tinh
"hon hdp" cua DNXH gay nen nhieu trd ngai trong qud Uinh thdnh lap, van hanh va phat trien eua eae DNXH. Ngoai ra, nhieu quy dinh ehong cheo gay nhi^u khd khdn cho mpt cd nhan, nhdm ngffdi mud'n Ihdnh lap mot to chffc XH d Viet Nam,...
Thdba, Viet Nam hien ehffa cd mot khung phap 1^ vl quiSn ly tai ehinh eho cdc loai hlnh to chffc XH khde nhau. De'n nay, Nha nffdc chi ed quy dinh quan ly tdi chinh rieng biet dilnh cho hai loai hinh la edc Quy XH. Quy tff thien (Quyet dinh %6 10/2008/QD- BTC) \d cde Cd sd bdo trd XH (Nghi dinh so' 68/2008/ND-CP; Thdng tff sd07/2009/BLDTBXH), cdn cac loai hinh to ehffe khac deu khong cd quy dinh dieu chmh rieng. Trong khi dd, cae to ehffe XH, NGO hi^n nay van dffdc phdp thffe hien eac hoat dgng ed thu vd cdc hoat ddng nay chju ihue theo quy dinh ciia Nhd nffdc. Tuy nhien, eae hffdng dan ve diue dd'i vdi Ciic Id'ehffe ndy khdng ro rang vd ed quan quan ly nha nu'dc ve thue cung khdng cd hffdng dan cu die. Cde DNXH Id cdc to ehffe phi ehinh phii (NGOs) do dd lung ning trong viee xay dffng cd ehe quan ly lai chinh ndi bp va bdo cao, dong thdi klidng it to chffc bi xff phal hdnh chinh do nop thie'u thue vi klidng biet, khdng hicu va eung khdng cd hffdng dan rd rang, nhd't qudn tff cac cdquan hffu quan,...
Thd IU. DNXH dang gap khd khan ve tie'p can ngufin vdn XH. Cdc DNXH 6 Vidt Nam cdn kha non tre. dffde thanh lap chu ye'u tff nhffng y tifdng mang tinh ea nhan cd sff menh phue vu XH nen vd'n dau tff ban dau da phan la vd'n tff ddng gdp eiia eac thdnh \icn sdng lap vdi quy mo nhd. Nghien effu Chi so' Khdi nghiep Viet Nam nam 2015 chi ra. so' DN hoat dpng theo mo hlnh DNXH d Viet Nam hi^n nay Id 1,1%; trong dd. so' DN dang trong giai doan khdi nghiep (dffdi 3 nam hoat dpng) ed ty Ie la 0,7'r va sd DN dang irong giai doan phat trien d'n djnh !a ()..S% (GEM Viet Nam, 2015, tr 15). Nhin chung, chi so nay edn ihap so vdi cac nffde trong khu vffc\airen the gidi.
Tai \*ici Nam, hdn 60% DNXH hoat dong phai tif bo vdn de thffc hien khdi sff kinh doanh. trona khi
d eac nffdc phdt trien chi sd nd\ thap hdn d mffc 30 - 40% (GEM Viet Nam. 2015. ir 14-17). DNXH cd dac thiJ la khdng vi muc tieu ldi nhuan. IJI kjnh doanh tren edc thi tru'dng cd nii ro eao nhff bao tdn
\ a phdt trie'n lang nghe thii cdng tniyen thdng: giao due - dao tao, y te,... ldi suat tai chinh dia'p nen khdng hap ddn dd'i vdi cac nha dau tff ihffdng mai, do do kha ndng tie'p can huy dpng cac nguon vd'n dau tff thu'dng mai ke ea nguon \dn khdi sff hode vd'n cho phdt trien kinh doanh la rat han che. Cae DNXH rat khd hu\ dpng ngudn vd'n vay ngan hang vl hp thffdng khdng cd tai san. nha xffdng the cha'p do phan ldn DNXH hoal dpng d quy mo nhd; ldi sua't cho vay cda ngan hang eao hdn nhilu so vdi kha nang sinh ldi cua DNXH: thdi gian hoan vd'n keo dai hdn eac dif an thong thifdng. Trong khi dd, thi irffdng vd'n cho DNXH Viet Nam hien chffa phat trien, the hien d viec thieu \dn vd ihieu cdc hinh thffc va kenh ca'p vd'n phii hdp vdi DNXH phdt trien d cac giai doan khac nhau vd irong eae ITnh vffc khac nhau....
Thd ndm. DNXH Viet Nam khd khan ve nguon nhan lffc, ky nang quan ly dieu hanh kinh doanh.
Trong bo'i canh thi Iru'dng ngudn nhan lffc hien nay, viec tim kie'm mot nhan sff quan ly lo't la van dc
"dau dau" ciia cdc to chffc. DN ndi chung, ddc biel la DNXH. vl nhan sff quan ly cho DNXH ddi hdi phai la ngu'di tha'u hieu \a chia se sff menh va gia Iri XH cua DN, cd nang life quan ly td't, va ke't hdp dffdc nhffng kien thffc k5 ndng quan ly kinh doanh va cong tac XH,..,
3.2. Kien nglii cdche, chinh sdeh de phdt trien DNXH
Tff nhffng vffdng mde. kho khan trong qua u-lnh hoat dong cua DNXH Viet Nam thdi gian qua, chiing tdi dffa ra mgt so' gdi md ve cd che, ehinh sach de phat trien DNXH trong thdi gian tdi nhff sau.
Thd nhdt, Nha nffdc can cd chinh sdch khai thac. phat huy nhffng hieu qua. tae dong XH ma DNXH mang lai. Can nhan thffc rdng, Nha nffdc giup DNXH phat trien de DNXH giiip lai Nha nffdc thffc hien eae muc lieu XH. Theo dd, Nha nffde phai quan ly mot each hieu qua cac "ldi san ed" Clia minh. dd la nguon nhan lffc, vo'n dau tff tai chinh. cd sd ha tang, dieu kien tff nhien va khung kho chinh saeh. phap luat vd cac ehffe ndng, nhiem vu cua nha nffdc. Dieu ndy chung la ed the
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hpc hdi each lam ciia Chinh phii Lien bang M\.
in/de he't Lien bang M\ cho phep thdnh lap Nan phdng Sang kien XH \a Su tham gia ctia Cdng dan (Office of Social Innovation and Civic Panicipation - SICP). SICP lam viec chu yeu \di cac Id' chffc NPO d ea khu vffc tff nhan va khu vffc nhd nffdc nhdm to chffc. khuyen khich ede sang kie'n XH vd thiet lap quy trinh thu tuc giup chinh phii gia i quyet cdc thach thffc ve XH.
Tln'f hai. can cd cd quan thi/c hien quan Iy nha nffdc. thiic da>. hd trd DNXH phat tnen. Ve to chffc quan ly hanh chinh. cd the thanh lap mot bp phan hodc cd quan cap nhd nffdc chiu irach nhiem ve quan ly nhd nffdc, khuye'n khich, hd trd edc DNXH phdt trien. Mot sff lffa chpn khac la cd the thanh lap mot To chffc dpc lap trong ed ca'u cua mdt To chffc chinh in - XH nha nffde de thffe hien cde chffdng tnnh hd trd DNXH. Chiing ta cd the hoc lap each lam eiia Anh. O Anh, DNXH du'de dat trong mgt he sinh thdi ldn hdn vdi nhieu ben tham gia de tao tde dpng \a hieu qua ben vffng. Chinh phii Anh hien phat uien DNXH theo 4 dinh hffdng chinh gom: Hd trd cac DNXH phdt trien hoat dpng ctia hg tren qui md Idn hdn thdng qua hd trd phdi trien to chffc \a khi cd dieu kien thi hd trd hp lien ke't. hdp tde. xdy difng mang Iffdi \a nhan rpng qua md hinh nhffdng quyen (licensing); Khuyen khich van hda chia sc (giving culture) vd trdeh nhiem dd'i vdi XH. Vdi each tiep can nay, nam 2006. chinh phii Anh dffa ra Ke hoaeh hdnh ddng ve DNXH.
trong dd cd sff tham gia lien nganh ciia 12 Bg.
nganh khac nhau nhff: Bg Kinh doanh. DN va Cai cacli die che; Bg \' le. Bp Tre em. trifdng hge vd gia dinh. eung nhff Van phdng Khu vffc thff Ba de ihucd:i\ va hdtrp DNXH.
Thd ha, can xem DNXH la md hlnh to' chffc cd the dp dung cho nhieu loai hlnh to' chffc tff NGO cho de'n DN thdng thffdng. Mac du, trong qua trinh the che hda hnh \ dc na>. ehung ta cd the bd' sung mgt loai hlnh DN neng biet cho DNXH. nhu^g cac DNKH khdng bi r;ing bugc phai dang k\ hoae chuyen dd'i sang hlnh tliffc phdp ly nay. Kinh nghiem ciia Anh va Singapor. , trong ITnh vffc nay la ra't dang tham khao.
Tren tliffc tc. mgt sd' to ehffe eQa cac qud'e gia nay sau nhieu nam nd lffc tach DNXH ra khdi khu vffc NGO nhung cudi ciing cung phai thffa nhan DNXH cd the hoat dons tren nen tans NGO.
77i«' tu. can cd mdt vdn ban phap quy dinh loai hinh va cdc tieu chi cua DNXH. Trffdc het. ni^i khung phdp 1> can dffdc \a> dffng danh rieng cho DNXH va boat ddng cua cde DNXH. Day vira Id nhffng vien gach dau tien trong qud trinh th^ cli6'h6a DNXH, vffa la bifdc tham dd, ehua'n bi eho kh3 ndng Iuat hda ITnh vffc nay khi khd'i DNXH da cd s\r phdt trien Idn manh \ a eung cap cd sd diffc tien doi ildo hdn. DNXH tai Viet Nam phai dffdc dinh nghTa m(H each ro rang, thd'ng nhat. Cac tieu ehi the hipn d^c diem bat bude \h linh hoat cua DNXH cung can dffdc xac dinh rd rang.
Thifndtn, DNXH cd the thugc thanh phan sd hifti nha nffdc. Thife chat, neu chung ta cd mpt ioai hlnh phdp ly rieng biet cho DNXH (tffdng iff nhff d Anh), thi cae DN nha nffde cdng ieh, ddn vi sff nghidp, td chffc KH&CN (vd'n da dffde khuye'n khich thdnh lap DN) cd the chuye'n doi vd ddng ky dffdi hinh thffc DNXH dd. Mdl trong nhffng hffdng giai quye'l khd thi cd the Id Nhd nffde nen thffdng xuyen nid r^ng edc ed hgi de ede DNXH tham gia da'u thau, du'^c ddt hang, canh tranh hlnh ddng va edng khai minh bach vdi cae to' chffc eiia Nha nffde de thffc hien cdc chffdng trinh phue ldi XH. dieh vu edng ieh eiia Nhd nffdc. Hien nay, ehiing ta da cd nhieu vdn ban phdp Iuat quy djnh ve va'nde nay, nhffng hieu lffc thffc thj ednra'thanche.
4. Ke't luan
Cd the Iha'y rdng, DNXH chinh la mpt "mieng ghep" cdn thieu trong bffc tranh da cd chd dffng cua cae DN nhd nffdc, DN tff nhan, va NGOs trong thdi ky hgi nhap quo'c le sau rong cua nffdc ta hien nay.
Mdi khu vde noi tren ed uli the rieng va vai trd ddc thil eiia minh. Tuy nhien, DNXH ed the dffpc xem nhff mot giai phap td'i du de bd' trd eho nhffng dilm yeu eiia cac khu vffc cdn lai nhff viec phdt huy cdc sang kie'n XH. huy dpng ngudn Iffc tiim tang ci vk tri tue va vai cha't trong dan, tinh hieu quS, bin vffng cua giai phap XH,... Da den ide, Nha nifflc can ed mot sff cdng nhan ehinh thffc danh cho mfl hinh DNXH va vai trd cua cae DNXH. Cac edch^.
chinh sdch can sdm dffdc xay dffng de tao lap khung khd' phap ly on dinh cho boat dpng cua cic DNXH, tao dieu kien thuan ldi cho cde sdng ki^n XH dffdc dg dang trien khai hdn trong thffc te.
khuye'n khich va thue da> -ir phat trien manh me linh than DNXH d Viet Na 11. a
QUANTRI-QUANLY
TAI L I E I T H A M K H A O :
\.Bnl\shCouncii-CS\P-Sp&A.{20ii). Bdo cdo Ke't qud khdo sdi doanh nghiep xd hgi Viet Nam 2011.
2 Cl !:M. (2012). Doanh nghiep xd he>i tgi Viet Nam - Khdi niem. bdi cdnh vd cbinh sdch.
.1. GEM Vi?l Nam. (2015), Chi sd Khdi nghidp Viet Nam ndm 2014.
'\.Ghdiuii,Ku\od\ungan,(20\4). Genesis of Social Entrepreneurship.
5. Keriin & Pollak. (2006). Nonfrofit commercial revenue: Areplacement forded ing government grants and private (imtribution.
6. Lien Foundation (2007). State of Social Enterprise in Singapore, management report, .August.
Ngay nh$n bai: 19/3/2020
Ngay phan bi^n ddnh gia va su'a chi?a: 29/3/2020 Ngay cha'p nh^n dSng bai: 9/4/2020
Thdng tin idc gid:
TS. TRAN MINH Difc Khoa Khoa hpc Xa hOi va Nh^n v&n Trffffng Dai hgc Thu D^u Mpt
SOME SOLUTIONS TO VIETNAM FOR DEVELOPING THE SOCIAL ENTERPRISE MODEL
• Ph.DTRAN MINH DUC Faculty of Social Sciences a n d Humanities,
Thu Dou Mot Universit ABSTRACT:
Social enterprises have many advantages and potential which are derived from the non-profit nature and sustainable social goals of their business model. In the world, many countries have issued policies lo encourage and promote the growth of social enterprises. These policies are based on the view that the governments need lo cooperate and share the responsibility for providing welfare wiih social enlerprises to achieve better oulcomes. In the context of Viettnam's economic integration with emerging social problems and increasingly changing environment, it is necessary for Vietnam to draw lessons from developed countries' experiences in supporting the deveiopment of social enlerprises in order lo achieve the counQ-y's goal of comprehensive and sustainable development. This article analyzes the activities of social enterprises in some developed countries and proposes some solutions for Vielnam to develop the social enterprise model in the coming time.
Keywords: Enterprise, social enterprise, work, business, society.
So 8 - T h a n g 4/2020 1€
