NGHIEN CtfU-TRAO 001
TAC DONG CUADI/LUAN XAHOI DEN HANH VI XUf LY CONG VIEC CUA CAN BO, CONG C H O C CAP XA
LE THI TUYEN*
Duluan xah01 thihlin rd vai tid cua diin din cdngc0ng tiin dd dc d nhan vi dcnhdm xa h0i biy td fklin, chia si thdng tin, nhiing dinh gii tich cue cua c0ng ddng ddi vdi nh dnghiiUi vi chuin muc. Ngugc 1^, li sglin in, la "rin de " ddi vdl nh dng ngudi cd hinh vi khdng diing chuan muc khi tbi hinh cdng vg. Dulu$n xa h0i li m0t phutmg tiin hOu hiiu gdp phin ngin chin va phdng ngiia dchinh vi tiiu cpc, nhdngnhiiu, gay phiin ha cho ngudi din tiong qui trinh xdlf cdng viic cda cin b0, cdng chdc dp xa.
PubUc opinion reSects the role of the pubhc forums on which Individuals andgmupsln society express thet ideas and share information. While standard behaviors in public duty performance are given positive comments, those under-standard behaviors are condemned and deterred. Pubhc opinion is an useful means to deter and prevent negative behaviors and tioubles made by commune clvU servants toward the people when they perform public duties
1. Du Into xi hpi vi inh hudng cda du luto xa hpi din boat ddng cila chinh quyln cipxi
Du luan xa bpi (DLXH) li tip hgp cic y kiln, ihii dp cd tinh chit dtoh gii, binh luin cua cac nhdm xa hpi hay cua xa hpi ndi chung ddi vdi nhtog van dl cd tinb ihdi su hen quan den loi ich chung, tiiu hut su quan tim cua nhilu nguoi va duoc till hita trong cac nhto dinh hoac cac htoh dpng tiiuc tiln cua hp. DLXH phto biet vdi phto bita xi hdi 6 chd: chu trpng den vile phan toh thii do (ddng tinh, phan ddi hay cdng phan...) eua cdng chung ttude su kita, edn phan bita till Iai coi ttpng viec Into chung cho quylt dinh cua CO quan cd tham quyen - la nhung chu till quyln luc (chi ra dung hay sai, hpp Iy hay khdng hpp ly, kha flu hay khdng kha thi, nta
lam hay khdng nta Iam...). Bdi viy, phto bien nhim din viec tu vto eho co quan cong quyln ehu khdng chi bay td thai dp trude sir kita nhu DLXH. Tuy nhien, DLXH phto anh tim trang, thii dp cua cpng ddng xa hdi nen nd ctog la mdt ttong nhimg casd quan ttpng lam Into chimg cho phin bita mi co quan cdng quyen phai xem xet dl cd doi saeh thich hop.
DLXH chinh la su trao ddi, bto luto, lan tda ttong cdng ddng nhdm nhd hay Ito ve each d i t o gii, nhin nhto trude nhtog vto de xa bpi nay sinh. DLXH la phin ung cua du Into, cae nhdm xi hpi khic nhau truoc nhimg sukita, van dl thdi su.
^ ThS, Hpc vien Hanh chinh Quoc gia
m
TAP CHl Q U A N Vi N H A NtfdC - Sd 254 (3/2017)NGHIEN cffu-TRAO o d i
Xa, phudng, thi trto la don vi hanh chinh cap CO sd, trvrc tilp tilp xiic vi giii quyet cic cdng viec hing ngiy cua nhto d t o Trong hi thdng chinh tri, chinh quyen cap ca sd cd mdt vi tri rit quan ttpng, li ciu noi true tilp ciia he thdng chinh quyen nha nudc vdi nhto dto, thvrc hito hoat ddng quto ly nhi nudc ttin cic Iinh virc kinh te, vto hda, xa hpi, an nhih trat tu, an toto xa hpi g dia phuong theo tham quyln dugc phto cip, bao dim cho cic chu truong, chinh sich, phip luit ciia Dtog vi Nhi nudc dupe trien khai thvrc hien ttong thuc tiln cude sdng.
Kit qua dilu tta xi hpi hpc tai huyen Ddng Stm, tinh Thanh Hda vl anh budng cua DLXH den hinh vi xu ly cdng viec cua CBCC cip xi eho thay, "cd 95,7% ngudi dugc hdi tta Idi CBCC cap xa chiu anh hirdng eua DLXH ttong giii quylt cdng vi|c; chi cd 4,3% cho rtog CBCC khdng chiu siic ep cda DLXH ttong xir ly cdng vi|c" ^ Til kit qua nghiln ciiu cho thiy, DLXH di inh hirdng rat Ito din hinh vi xu ly cdng viec cua CBCC cip xi.
Chinh quyln cap xi (CQCX) la cap chinh quyln mi chuc ntog vi tham quyen gto Uen vdi phuong cbim "dto bilt, dto bto, dto lim, dto kilm tta", ddng thai ctog li co sd bio dim cho vi|c thuc bito phuong chim niy mdt cich cd hieu qui nhat Cbinh vi viy, DLXH cd vai ttd dac bill quan trpng, phto inh ducrc mpt cich chto thuc nhit nhung tim ta, nguyto vpng cua eae nhdm xa hdi vl mpt nen hanh chinh ttong sacb va hi|u qua.
CQ(3Cla chinh quyen cap ca sd, mre tilp tiep xue vdi nhto dto, d ngay trong nhto dto. Nhimg vto dl thugc pham vi, tham quyln, chuc ntog cua CQCX giai quyet true tilp Uln quan din sinh hoat btog ngay cua ngirdi din. Vi viy, hp ehiu tic ddng rat Ito cua DLXH tten dia ban, dieu nay cd tic dpng manh me din htoh vi xu ly cdng viec cua hp.
DLXH duac xem tou la mdt boat ddng tam ly xi bdi, la ciu ndi giiia y thuc xa hpi vi hanh ddng xa hdi. Su phto anh ihuc te ttong DLXH ttude hit cd tinh chit dinh gia eic hita tugng
xi hdi de xic dinh hinh vi iing xii cua con ngudi. DLXH cung cd thi giy ra nhting phto ting khic nhau ttr phia cto bd, cdng chitc (CBCC) cip xi bao gdm ci phto iing ti'ch cvrc vi phto iing tilu cvrc.
2.TicdpngciiaduIuto]iahQid£nhanhvi Xli ly cdng vile ala cto bd, cfing chiic cJ^xi
CBCC cip xa li ngudi thay mat Nhi nudc giii quyet htog ngay cic vto d^ Uen quan din ddi sdng, suih boat eua ngudi dto (cic boat dpng nay cdn gpi la boat ddng cung cip djeh vu), phai tato thu nhimg quy trinh bit budc dupe quy dinh ttong phip luit. Mpi hinh vi, boat ddng cua CBCC cip xi chiu su giam sit tiirc tilp cua ngudi dto dia phirong, bdi viy, nhto dto dugc vi nhu "tai mit" eua eip uy, chinh quyln eic cip. Mpi bilu bita quan Ulu, xa rdi quto chtog, hinh vi sai leeh, tilu cvrc eua dpi ngu CBCC diu dugc nhto dto phat hita, nhto bilt, phto inh vi tao diinh DLXH.
Mpt ttong nhimg inh hudng tich cvrc cua DLXH li giup cho CBCC cap xa xii ly cong vile ddng theo quy dinh, dto ehu, cdng khai, minh bach va rd rtog. Diy ctmg la tieu ehi dl danh gia chit lupng dich vp hinh chinh cdng nhim dat dmic ttpng tim cua chuong trinh cii each hanh chirih ttong 10 nim tdi li ntog cao chat Iupng dpi ngu cto bd, cdng chuc, vita chuc.
Bta canh dd, DLXH cung tic dpng tdi CBCC cip xa, giup cho hp dilu chinh thai dp vi hanh vi khi tilp xue giai quylt cdng viec vdi ngirdi dto theo hutog chuyta nghilp, hita dai vi ccW md. Mpt trong nhung chuc ntog cua Nha nutic la cung ting dich vu hanh cbinh cdng cho cdng dto. Chit lupng dich vu htoh ehinh cdng dupe do bcri mue dp hii long cua ngudi dto khi den giai quylt cac thu tuc hanh chinh. Ngudi dto sl cim thay hii Idng khi cic thu tae eua hp ducjc cac CBCC giii quylt nhanh gpn, dan gito va dtog hen.
DLXH tic ddng vio y thuc con ngudi, chi phdi y tiiuc ci nhto, dieu chinh nd phu hpp vdi y chi chung cua cpng ddng nta nd cd tic
TAP CHl Q U A N LY N H A Ntf(3C - SO 254 (3/2017)
N G H I E N cffu-TRAO 001
ddng manh ml tdi nhto tiiiic vi hanh vi cua ci nhto CBCC cap xa.
DLXH die bi|t nhay cam vdi nhimg hinh vi tilu cvrc, tiirdc cic hanh vi sai lech, DUffl thutog ten to rat manh me va gay git. CWnh vi viy, DLXH li phuong tiln him hieu gdp phan ngto chto vi phdng ngira cac hanh vi tita cue, nhtog nhieu, giy phien h i eho ngudi dto ttong qui timh xit Iy cdng vile cua CBCC cipxi.
Hiln nay cd rit nhilu ludng tiidng tin phto inh vl tinh ttang CBCC cip xi ttong giii quylt cdng vile cho ngudi dto thudng keo dii tiidi gian g i i quylt hoac dim day cdng vile, giy nhilu phiin hi. Diy la mpt ttong nhtog nguyln nhto khiln cho vile eai cich hinh chinh chua phit huy dupe hita qua thue su, vi ngoai vi|c eai each bd miy hinh cbinh thi vi|e xiy dung dpi ngu, cto bd, nhto vien hanh chmh ed ntog Ivrc vi hit Idng vi nhto dto li nhilm vp htog diu. Cto phai thay ddi ca cbl lam vi|c quan Ulu, dde doto ttong cic CO quan hanh chinh nha nudc dl bd may hanh chinh cua chtog ta cd till phit huy dugc iiito qui phuevumdtcich tdt nhit cbo ngudi dto. Mdt thuc t l cho thiy, DLXH ttong nhieu trutog hpp la mpt kenh thdng to quan trpng giup chinh quyln phit hita nhOng Ueu cue ttong bd may cua Nhi nude.
Ctog vdi nhtog tic dgng ti'ch cvrc, DLXH cdn tic ddng tita cue tdi xu ly cdng vile eua CBCC cip xa, nhic (1) Sto Ip eua DLXH khiln eho CBCC cap xi khi tilp xue vdi ngucri dto thutog giu khotog cich, dl chimg lim anh hutog den chat lucmg xuly cdng vile cua CBCC cap xa; (2) Ap lirc cua DLXH cd till anh hutog din qua trinh ra quyet dinh va thdi gian xu ly cdng vile cua CBCC cap xa.
;. Mpt sd giai phap dl dinh hirdng du luar, xa hpi gdp phto dieu ehinh hanh vi xii K" ;dng vile cda cto bp, cong chiic cip xi
Til tic ddng cua DLXH tdi hanh vi xu ly cdng viec cua CBCC cap xa, xin de xuit mdt sd giai phap dl phat huy vai trd dinh hutog
DLXH tdi hanh vi xd ly cdng vile cua CBCC cip xa nhu sau:
Thu nhit, thuongxuyen cd sugim sat, kiem tta cda cap huyen ddi vdi casd.
Cto bp linh dao cip huyen cto ttog cudng cac cupc tiep xue vdi quto ehtog nhin dto cic dia phucrng dl nam bit thong tin vl tinh hmh hoat ddng cua bp miy chinh quyen capcosd.
Mdt ttong nhimg bilu hita khi ntog nl cua cto blnh quan Ulu hito nay li cto bp linh dao cap huyen khong siu sit vdi tinh hinh tai cie dia bto co sd. Cic thdng tin ma linh dao cap ttin nim dugc vl tinh blnh co sdxa, phudng, tin ttto chu yen Ii qua bio cic cua cip uy vi chinh quyln cap co so tiieo dutmg cdng vto hoto tir cac cupc hpp, hpi nghi... Do viy, tmh trung thvrc va dp to cay eua nhtmg thdng tm dd chua cao, ft dupe kilm ehung vi ehua thu dutrc su phto hdi tii DLXH cua cic ttog ldp nhto dto ttto diaban xi, phudng, thi trto. Nguyln do cua tinh ttang niy la cto bp cap huyto ft di co sd, it tilp xue vdi nhto dto dl nim bit thong tm ta du luto quto ehtog. Vl vto dl niy, Nghi quyet Hpi nghi Ito thu nam Ban Chip hanh Trung uang Dang khda DC di nhto dinh:
"Mpt nguyln nhto quan trpng la tir Trung utmg din cac cap, cae nginh ehua nhto thuc ducic dtog vai ttd, vi tri cua co sd; quan heu, khdng sat co sd, sat nhto dto...".
Thu hai, khi cd DLXH vimgt van de, su kiin cinphMtip tivngcicluclugngttonghe thong chinh tii digiii quyet, xuly ddt diem.
Khi ttin dia bto xuat hito DLXH ve met vto dl, su kiln nio dd ma cd hieu iing tieu cue trong nhto dto, nlu khdng dupe tip tiimg tim hirdng giai quyet, xd ly tiii rit dl xay ra "dilm ndng". Vi viy, cip dy, chito quyln, nhat li dpi ngu CBCC cap xi, cto pbii cd cac phuong to dl xu ly cae tinh hudng xay ra tten dia bto. Tnrdc sue ep eua DLXH ve vto dl Uln quan den hanh vi xii ly edng viec cua CBCC cap xi cto phai cd su tiiam gia vi chi dao cua
Q
TAP CHi Q U A N LY N H A NffOC - SO 254 (3/2017)NGHliN CtfU-TRAO o d i
cic cSp chinh quyen ttong he thdng chinh tri cip xi. Qua hpp bto va thdng nhit cda cip iSy, chinh quyen, cto cd phuong to giii quylt dut diem ddi vdi vto dl dang t^oraDLXHdvia tten nguyln tic "dto chu, cfing khai, minh b?ich"; khi giai quylt svi viec m i DLXH neu, cin phii xem xlt thiu dao cic khia canh cua vto dl va xu ly theo tinh thto "Iiy dto lim gdc", dtog quy dinh cua phap luto
Thii ba, dinh hudng DLXH theo hudng tich cue.
Khi CO DLXH phto inh vl hanh vi xtr ly cfing vipc cua CBCC cip xi chua chuto hoac sai ph?m, vile nim bit chinh xic tinh hinh va djnh huong DIXH li bet sde quan ttpng.
Nim bit kip thdi npi dung nhiing vto dl DIXH phto irih vl vile giii quylt cfing vile diia nguoi dto. Su phto hdi til phia DLXH li mpt ttong nhung co so hit siic cpian ttpng giiip cho chinh quyen cic cip dua ra nhiing vto bto phip quy phd hgp vdi ylu ciu cda thue tiln xa hpi Trong qui trinh nim bit DLXH, cto phai nhto bilt dupe diu la nhting luSng du luto dung, tich cvrc, diu li ludng du luto cd tinh chit tilu cvrc, phto anh sai thvrc tl dl ed biln phap ngto chto, xu ly kip thdi.
Ttog cudng vai ttd cua cic phuong tiln thdng tin, cic tayIn truyen viin... ttong vile huong din DLXH tten dia bto. Dto bilt, khi eicsuvilc, svrkilncUtara ttin dia bto Uta quan den loi ich ciia l ^ i nude, eiia nhto dto thi khi dd dinh hirdng thfing tin phii phto anh dupe quan diem, chd tnrong, chinh sich ciia Dtog vi Nhi nudc.
Thu tu, dao tao, bdi duang chuyin mdn, nghifp vu, kf ning xuly tinh hudng va dinh hudng DLXH cho dgi ngu CBCC dp xa.
Mfit ttong nhiing nfii dung quan ttpng ciia dhuang trinh tdng thi cii cich hanh clunh nha mrdc giai doan 2011 - 2020 li xiy dvmg dpi ngu CBCC, viin chiie cd du phim chit, ntog Ivrc vi trtnh dp, dip iing ylu eau phue vu nhto dto vi svr phit tiiin dit nudc.
Kiln toto dpi ngu CBCC cip xa cfi ntog luc
vi trinh dp chuyen mfin viing vtog. Trude hit, cto mil cic lop dao tao, bdi duong CBCC cip xa nhim ttang bi nhirng kiln thtic, nghilp vu CO bto vi ky ntog nim bit, dinh hudng DLXH.
Thii nim, cdng khai vi mmh b^ch quy trmh giai quyit cac thii (ye banb chinh.
Dl cong cuoc cai cich hanh chinh nhi nuoc dat hieu qui cao, cto thilt phii cd svi cfing khai, mmh bach cic quy trinh giii quylt cic thu tuc hanh chinh. Bdi vi cic thu tpc hinh chinh khfing rd rtog se li cohgi dl cto bg cd nhirng hinh vi Ulu cvrc, tham nhiing ddi vol ngudi dto khi tham gia giii quylt cie thu ti,ic hinh chmh nha nudc. Khi cfing khai, minh bach quy trinh giai quylt cac thu tijc hinh chinh se la kenh quan ttpng dl nhto dto giim sat eic boat dfing hanh vi xir 1^ cfing vile eua CBCC cip xi. Tit dd gdp phto h?n che nhling hinh vi tieu cvrc, nhiing nhilu, ddng thdi khich le, bleu duong, c6 vu nhiing vile lim tdt cila CBCC cip xiO
Cbiitbicb:
1. Luin vto thac sy xa hpi hpc. Tic d0ng cua du luan xi hdi den hinh vixdly cdng viic cua (33CC cap xi (nghidn cuu tnidng hgp hliy$n Ddng Son, Thanh Hda], nam 2007.
TilUiuThamkhio:
1. Dang COng san Vi|t Nam. Cic N^ quyet Hgi n^lin thunam Ban chap hinh Trung ucmg khda IX. H. NXB Chinh tti Quoc gia, 2002.
2. Nguyin Huu Diic. Cai dch bg miy ciiinh quyin cip casd dip ungyeu duphat tnen kinh ti thi trudng vi day manh hgi nhap qudcti. Tap chi To chuc nha nuoc so 1,2/2006.
3. Mai Quynh Nam. Du luan xi hdi - may vin di If luin viphuongphip nghien cdu. Tap cliiXa hdihocsol/1995.
4. Ngp Van Nhto. Anh hudng cua lii song ndng thdn den f thdc phip luat cua ddi ngu can bd xa dnudc ta hien nay. Tap cili Dan chit & Phap luat, so chuyen de thing 2/2006.
5.LuatTdchi}ccliinhquyendiaphuongnam 2015.
TAP CHl Q U A N LY N H A Ntf(SC - SO 254 (3/2017)
