NHAN VAT-su KIEN
m
cu NGUYEN VAN TO-
TRI/dNG BAN THUfCiNG TRUC QUOC HOI DAU TIEN CUA NI/6C VIET NAM DAN CHU CONG HOA
• NGUYEN MANH HUNG Phd Chit nhiem Vdn phong Qudc hoi
• Tom tdt: Nhdn ky niim 130 nam ngdy sinh Cu Nguyen Vdn To (5-6-1889 - 5-6-2019), hdi viet mong muon ldm ro them thdn thivd nhdng dong gdp cua Cu trin cUdng vi Id TrUdng Ban ThUdng tnic Quoc hpi (Chu tich Quoc hpi) ddu tiin cua nddc VietNam Ddn chu Cpng hoa trong sii nghiip kiin thiet ddt nddc vd bdo vi To quoc thdi ky ddu dpc lap.
• Td khoa: Nguyen Vdn To, TrUdng ban ThUdng trtic Quoc hpi.
1. Cu Nguyen Van To vdi sir nghiep kien thiet dat nu'O'c sau khi Cach mang Thang Tam 1945 thanh cong
Nguyin Van Td sinh ra ttong mdt gia dinh nha nho yiu nudc. Trudc khi den vdi Cdch mang, Cu la bac danh nho, diing dau nhieu td chiie khoa hpc, hpi doan truyin ba tri thuc cho dan chung, chdng nan that hpe. Khi tiiam gia Chinh phii lam thdi, Cu la Bd truong Bp Cuu tl xa hdi, cung vdi Chinh phii giai quyet nan ddi cda nhan dan ta liie bay gid.
Vdi uy tin cua mdt nhan sy yeu nude, Cu Nguyen Van Td da trung cir dai biiu Qude hdi Khda I tinh Nam Dinh. Tai Ky hpp thti nhdt, Cu dupe bdu giu chiic Trudng Ban Thudng true Qudc hpi. Tuy thdi gian giii chuc Trudng Ban Thudng true Qude hdi ciia Cu ehi keo dai 8 thang (tii 2-3 din 9-11-1946), nhung dd la quang tiidi
gian gay can nhdt cua cdch mang. Vdi cuong vi dling dau Qudc hdi, Cu da eimg vdi Ban Thudng true Qudc bdi tham gia nhiiu y kiln vdd Chinh phti dl thi hdnh nhieu phuong sach tiiich hpp cham lo den quyen lpi qudc gia va giii ^n ddi sdng nhan dan.
Tren cuong vi Bp trudng Bd Ciiu te xa hdi tiong Chinh phu ldm tiidi (2-9-1946), Cu Nguyin Van To dd lam trdn trpng trach cua minh, gdp phdn giup eho qudc gia ddn tpc vupt qua thdi ky khung hoang tram trpng ve luong thue khien cho dan chung bi thieu ddi triin mien. Tren cuong vi Bd trudng, Cu Nguyin Van Td da cung Chinb phu tiidng qua mdt ban Ke hoaeh rd rang vl viec ciiu te, ddng thdi td chuc mpt cudc van ddng quyen gdp gao de hd trp eho ngudi dan ngheo. Ngaytiongngaydautien (11-10-1945) da cd 5 tan gao dupc nhdn dan quyen gdp eho
LYLUAN CHINHTRj-So 6/2019
ELJ"
NHAN VAT-Sl/KlfiNHoi thdo khoa hoc cdp quoc gia: Nguyen Vdn To vdi cdch mgng Viet Nam _ Anh: daidoanket. vn
Chinh phii dl ciiu tl. Ben eanh vile klu gpi img hd tu qudn chiing nhan dan, Cu cung xac dinh dl dn dmh cupe sdng lau dai, can vdn ddng quan chiing nhdn dan tang gia san xuat va sir dung gao tilt kiim. Cimg vol khdng khi phan khdi chuan bi eho cudc Tdng tuyin cir ddu tiln, phong ttao
"tang gia san xudt ngay, tang gia san xuat nua"
tto thanh mdt hanh dpng each mang thiet thuc cua quan chiing nhan dan dl tiln tdi tdng Tuyin cii ddu tiln tren ca nudc.
Ngay 6-1 -1946, cupc Tdng tuyin cu ddu tien da bau dupe 333 d^ bieu, Cu Nguyin Van Td ttd thanh dai bieu Qude hpi do cu tri Nam Dinb bau.
Thdng lpi cua cudc Tdng tuyin cii danh dau mdc phat tiiln nhay vpt dau tien vl thi ehe ddn chu eua nudc Viet Nam.
Sau thdng lpi eua Tdng tuyen cu, tinh hinh nuoc ta tiep tuc ed nhiing dien bien phuc tap
tien ca hai mien Nam - Bdc, khi thu ttong, giac ngoai vdn tim each chdng pha quyit Uet. Dae biet d mien Bae, cac phan tit phan dpng trong Viet Qudc, Viet Cach ddi giai tan Chinb phu Uen hiep lam thdi vita mdi thanh lap ngay 1 -1 -1946 va phai thanh lap ngay Chinh phii Lien hiep qude gia chinh thuc du rdng chua ttilu tap dupc Qudc hdi. Ddi hdi nay eua Viet Qudc, Viet Cach nhdm muc dich phu nhdn quyin Qudc hpi, quyin dan chu eua nhdn dan, gay siie ep vdi Chuih phu ve vile phan chia cdc ghe trong Chinh phu nhdm cd lpi cho hp.
Chinh phu mdt mat vdn kiln tri dau tranh, kheo leo thuyet phuc, klu goi Viet Qudc, Viet Cach phai tdn trpng quyen dan chu eua nhdn dan da tham gia Tdng tuyin cu, mat khae ticb cue xue tiln mpi cdng viec chuan bi dl khai mac ky hpp Qudc bdi khda L Ngay 2-3-1946, ky hpp
LYLUAN CHINH TR|-So6/2019
m
thii nhat, Quoe hdi khda I da khai mac tai Nha hat lon Ha Npi vdi su cd mat cua gan 300 dai biiu. Trong vdng 4 gid, Qudc hpi da hoan thanh nhiing nhiem vu ca ban, nhu thanh lap Chinh phii liin hiep kbang chien va mdt sd ca quan quan ttpng khac cua Qudc hdi vd Nha nudc nhu:
Ban Thudng true Qude hdi, Cd vdn doan, Khang chiin uy vien hdi va Ban Du thao Hiin phdp. Tai ky hpp nay, Qudc hpi da quyit dinh bau Ban Thudng true gdm 15 uy vien chmh thiic va 3 uy viln du khuyet, do Cu Nguyin Van Td lam Truong Ban.
2. Triromg Ban Thirong tryc Quoc hoi Nguyen Van To voi hoat fifing lap phap, quy^t dinh nhirng van de quan trong ciia d4t nu-dc
Trln cuong vi la Truong Ban Thudng true Qudc hdi, CpNguyIn Van Td da cung cac thanh viln trong Ban Thudng true nhanh chdng bdt tay vao ciing ed Nhd nude, xay dung nin dan chu, tiidng nhat dan tdc, sdn sang khdng chien trong toan qudc. Dl tbong nhat luc lupng ciia dan tpc, van dl la phai tap trung quyin lire vdo mdt ca quan dieu hanh qudc gia manh me.
Qude hpi da edng nhan va ttao quyen binh cho Chinh phu Uln hiep khdng ehien do Hd Chi Minh lam Chu tich. Chinh phu phai hoan toan chiu ttach nhiem trudc Qudc hpi va qudc dan ddng bao. Bin eanh Cbinh phu. Ban Thudng true Qudc hpi ed quyin han gdp y vdi Chinh phii, phe binh Chinh phu niu lam trai lpi ieh cua qudc gia va dan tdc. Trong tinh thi ddc biet cua nudc nhd, nhiiu van de ddi npi va ddi ngoai quan trpng van phai dupc thdng nhdt va gidi quyet nhanh chdng nin ttong nhieu phien hpp thudng ky hodc ddc biet cua Hpi ddng Chinh phti diu cd sir tham du va gdp y cua Cu Nguyin Van Td vdi tu each Trudng Ban Thudng true Qudc hpi.
Trong phien hpp dau tien ngdy 4-3-1946, vdi
su gdp y cua Thudng true Qude hdi, Chinh phu da quyet dinh mdt sd chu truang ddi npi va ddi ngoai the hien chinh sach dodn ket dan tdc, xdy dung mdt tran qudc gia lien hiep va thdng nhdt de chdng xam ldng, giii viing chinh quyin, kiln thiit dat nudc vd thuc hien chinh sach ngoai giao than thien vdi cde nudc trln thi gidi.
Ban Thudng true Qudc hpi dudi su chi dao ciia Nguyin Van Td ludn chu ttpng din quyin lpi cua qude gia va nhan dan eimg Chmh phu trong viec thi hdnh nhting phuong sdch thich hpp de giii gm ddi sdng ciia nhdn dan, tham gia vdo edng cudc kiln thiet.
Theo bdo cao ve hoat ddng eua Trudng Ban Thudng true Qudc hpi Nguyin Van Td tiinh bay tai Ky hpp thu hai Qudc hpi khda I, Chinh phu da gui sang de Ban Thudng true xet 98 du dn sde llnh. Nhting dl nghi sua ddi cua Ban Thudng true Qudc hdi da dupc Chinh phu phdn nhiiu thuc hien. Nhung sac llnh dd tap trung vdo mdt sdvdn dl nhu;
VI phap chinh, cd nhieu du an sac llnh ddng ehu y nhu sde llnh vl vile hdi hop, viec an loat;
VI kinh te. Ban Thudng true Qudc hpi da can thiep dl su chuyin ehd thdc gao dupc dl dang;
Ve tai chinh, Ban Thudng true da xet eac ngan saeh todn qudc va ngan sdch cac ky;
VI xd hdi, dang ehu y nhat la du an sde lenh ve lao dpng va gido due.
Trong thdi ky Cu Nguyin Van Td giu cuong vi Trudng Ban Thudng true, Qudc hdi da thao ludn vd thdng qua nhiiu Nghi quyit ve npi tn, ngoai giao, ve viec thanh lap Chinh phu mdi, vl quyen quan the, ve vile phat hanh giay bac Viet Nam...
Ngoai ra. Ban Thudng true edn nhan duoc nhieu dl nghi cai tao ddi sdng a huong thdn. Cac de nghi ay deu dupc xem xet ky ludng va chuyin giao cho cdc ca quan cua Cbinh phu.
LYLUAN CHiNHTRj-Sd6/2019
^
NHANVAT-SI/KIINBen canh do, de tang cirong su doan ket dan tgc, ngay 3-5-1946, Ban Thirong tnjc Quoc hpi da cii Linh muc Pham Ba True cimg di voi phai doan Chinh phu vao Trung Bp de gia thich cho dong bao ro chinh sach quoc gia lien hiep ciia Chinh phu Hd Chi Minh. Ngay 14-8-1946, mot phai doan Quoc hpi gom hai ong NguySn Tri va Duong Van Du dupc cii vao Nam Trung Bg uy lap cac chien si. Mat tran thong nhat dan tdc ngay cang dugc cling cd.
Tai ky hgp thii 2 Qudc hgi khda I, tren cuong vi la Truemg Ban Thuong true Qudc hdi, Cu Nguydn Van Td da ciing cac dai bieu bieu quyet tan thanh danh sach Chinh phu moi, thao luan va thong qua du an Luat Lao dgng. Dac biet, ngay 9-11 -1946, vdi su cd gang va nd lire cua cac dai biiu Qudc hpi va nhan dan ca nuoc, su tham gia cua Ban Thudng true Qucc hdi, tai Ky hpp nay Qudc hdi da thdng qua dupc ban Hign phap dau Uen trong lich sii nuoc nha, Hien phap dau tien trong cdi A Ddng vdi su nhat tri gan nhu tuyet ddi, vdi 240 phieu thuan tren tdng sd 242 dai biiu cd mat trong phien hpp nay. Ban Hien phap da gdp phan tuyen bd vdi the gidi nuoc Viet Nam da dpc lap, dan tdc Viet Nam da cd dii mgi quyen tu do, phu nu Viet Nam da dupc dimg ngang hang vdi nam gioi de dupc hudng chung rapi quyen tu do ciia mdt cdng dan. Hien phap do da neu mgt tinh than doan ket chat che giiia cac dan tdc Viet Nam va mdt tinh than liem khiet, cdng binh cua cac giai cap.
3. Trirffng Ban Thirffng tru-c Quoc hpi Nguyen Van To voi hoat dgng dfii ngoai cua Quoc hpi Viet Nam Dan chii Cong hoa
Sang ngay 6-3-1946, Trudng Ban Thudng tnrc Qudc hdi Nguygn Van Td tham du cudc hgp dac biet cua Hdi ddng Chinh phu do Chu tich Hd Chi Minh, Chu tich Chinh phu chu tri. Sau khi nghe y kien ciia Chii tich Hd Chi Minh, Hgi ddng ban
bac va nhat tri se ky Hiep dinh So bd vdi Phap theo cac dieu kien da dupc thda thuan. Day la mdt quyet sach Idn, vi vay tit ca cac vi cd mat da cung ky vao mgt bien ban dac biet va Chinh phu se yeu c4u cac vi vSng mat ky sau. Td bien ban dac biet do tro thanh nghi quyft do toan thd Hgi ddng, Uy ban khang chidn va Ban Thudng hue Qudc hdi do Cu NguySn Van Td dimg dau cdng ddng phu ttach trude qudc dan. Ndi dung biSn ban dac biet dd nhu sau:
"Hpi ddng Chinh phu Viet Nam, Tdi cao cd van doan trudng, Chu tich Ban Thudng true Qudc hdi, Chu tich va Phd Chu tich Uy ban khang chien toan qudc, trong phlen hpp ngay 6- 3-1946, sau khi nghe eu Chu hch bao cao ve tinh hinh ngoai giao, sau khi hdi y kien cua toan thS:
- Nghi quyet tan thanh ky hiep dinh dinh chien va md cudc dam phan chinh thirc vdd Chinh phu Phap, theo nhiing dieu kien Phap cdng nhan nudc Viet Nam Dan chu COng hda la mdt qudc gia tu do va Chi'nh phu Viet Nam b&ng ldng de quan dpi Phap thay the quan ddi TrungHoa.
- Uy quyen chodngVuHdng Khanh, Phd Chii tich Uy ban khang chidn thay mat hdi ddng Chinh phu ciing Cu Chii tich Chinh phu ky hiep dinh hen vdi Phap.
- Nghi quyet nay do toan the Hpi ddng, Uy ban khang chien va Ban Thudng hue Qude hpi cdng ddng phu ttach ttudc quoe dan".
Ky Hiep dinh So bd la budc "hda de tien" de thuc hien dgc lap, tu do. Sau khi Hiep dinh dugc ky ket. Ban Thudng true Qudc hdi hieu trieu qude dan ddng bao phai chuan hi mgi mat, doan kSt, binh Hnh, tranh khieu khich va tuan theo menh lenh cua Chinh phii. Tiep do, Qudc hdi va Chinh phii da xuc tien them cac hoat ddng thuc day mdi quan he vdi Trung Hna va Phap O
LfLUlIlN CHINHTRj-So6/2019
