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NANG LUC TO CHflC HOAT OONG NHAN T H O C '^
CUA HOC SINH CAN BOI DUQNG CHO SINH VIEN TOAN CAC TRUOING CAO OANGSUPHAM , v ^ r / f
~ ~ TS.NG6TiTH0AT Trfldng Dai hgc Sfl phgm Ki thual Vinh
ThS.DAUANHTUAN Trfldng Cao dang Sfl ph^m Ngh? An Itfe la mgl td hgp pham ehat tirong ddi dn dinh. tuong ddi CO ban eiia ca nhan. ciio phep nd thuc hi?n cd ket qua mgt hogt dgng, Tuy nhien cung can thay r4ng giiia nang lyc vd tri ihirc, ky n3ng. ky xao ed quan hp m^l thict vdi nhau, ndng lyc t y duy khdng the phat tricn cao a ngirdi cd trinh dg hgc van thap. Nang lyc td chtfc khdng the cd dugc d ngudi chua he quan ly, dieu hanh mgt don vj san xuat, kinh doanh cu the.
Trong bat ctf boat ddng nao cua con ngudi. de thuc hien ed Irfcu qua. con ngudi can phai cd mdl sd phdm chat lam ly can thiol vd td hgp nhimg pham chat nay dirge ggi la nSing Itfc, Theo quan diem ciia Tam ly hgc mac xit. nang lire cua con ngirdi tudn gan lien vdi hoat dpng cua chinh hg.
Nhu chiing ta da bi6t, ngi dung va tinh chat cua hoat dgng dugc quy djnh bdi ndi dung va linh chat cua doi tugng ciia nd. Tuy thuge vdo npi dung va tinh chat ciia ddi tugng ma ho^t dgng ddi hdi d chu the nhfrnj! yeu cau xac dmh, Ndi mgl each klide thi mdi mdi hoat ddng khae nliau, vdi tinh chdi va mirc do khac nhau se ddi hdi o ca nhan nhCTng ihiige tinh lam ly (dicu kien cho hoai dgng cd hieu qua) nhai dinh phil hgp vdi nd. Nhu vay. khi ndi den nSng lyc can phai hieu nang luc khdng phai la mdl ihudc linh tam ly duy nhai nao dd (vi du nhu kha nang tri giac. tri nhd...) md Id sy tdng hgp cdc thuge tinh tam ly ca nhan (su tdng hgp nay khdng phai phep cgng ciia eac thuoc tinh ma la sy thdng nhat hun eo, gitfa eac thudc tinh tam ly nay dicn ra mdi quan he tuong tac qua lai theo mdt he thdng nhat djnh va trong dd mgl Ihuge linh ndi len vdi lu each chii dao va nhung thuge tinh khac gitf vai trd phu thuoc) dap tfng duoc nhdng yeu cau hoat dgng va dam bao hoat dgng do dat dugc ket qua mong mudn, Nhu tren da phan tich. n5ng Itfc khdng mang tinh chung ehung ma khi ndi den nang lyc, bao gid ngudi ta cung ndi den n3ng lyc cung thuge ve mgt hoat dgng cu the ndo dd nhfl nang luc toan hgc eiia hoai ddng hgc tap hay nghien eiru loan hge, nang hre hoai ddng ehinh lii ciia boat dgng chinh tri. nang lyc giang day cua hoat dgng giang dgy...
Nhu vay cd the dinh nghTa n3ng hre nghe nghiep nhu sau: "Nang lye nghe nghiep la sy luong img giira nhtfng Ihugc tinh lam, sinh ly ciia con ngirdi vdi nhtfng yeu cau do nghe nghiep dat ra. Neu khdng cd sy tuong tfng nay thi eon ngudi khdng the lheo dudi nghS duge" . CJ moi mgt nghe nghiep khac nhau sS c6 nhtfng yeu eau ey the khac nhau, nhung tuu trung lai theo tac gia Mae Van Trang thl nang lyc nghe nghiep dugc cau thanh bdi 3 thanh td sau:
I Tri thtfc chuyen mdn + Ky nang hanh nghe + Thai do ddi vdi nghe.
I. M O T VAI K H A I N I E M C O S O I. K h a i ni^m c h u n g ve nSng lire
Theo quan diem ciia nhO'ng nha tam ly hgc Ndng Itfc la tdng hgp eac dgc diem, thudc tinh tam ly cita ca nhan phii hgp vdi yeu cdu d3c trung ciia mpt boat dgng.
nhdt dinh n h i m dam bao cho hogt ddng do dat hidu qua cao. Cac nSng luc hinh thanh tren c o sd ciia cac t u chdt ty nhien ciia ca nhan noi ddng vai trd quan trgng, nSng lyc cua con ngirdi khdng phdi hoan toan do ty nhien ma cd. phan ldn d o cdng tdc, do tap luyen ma cd. Tam ly hpc chia nang luc thanh cac dang khac nhau nhir nang lire chung va nSng lire chuyen mdn.
- N a n g luc chung la ndng luc can thiet cho nhieu ngdnh hoat ddng khac nhau n h u nang lyc phan xet t u duy lao dgng, nang lyc khai quat hod. nang luc tudng tudng...
- Nang lue chuyen mon la nSng lyc dac trung trong ITnh vyc nhat dinh ciia xa hgi nhu nSng lire td c h u c . iiSng lire am nhac. nang lire kinh doanh. hgi hoa, loan hoc..
Nang luc ehung va nang luc chu>'en mdn cd quan he qua Igi huu CO vdi nhau. nang lyc chung la ea sd cua nang lyc chuyen ludn. neu chung cang phat trien thi cang de thanh dat duge nang lue ehuyen mdn. Nguge lai sy phat trien ciia nSng luc chuyen mdn trong nhimg dieu kien nhdt dinh lai cd dnh hudng ddi vdi sy phat trien ciia nSng luc chung, Trong thyc te mgi boat ddng cd kdt qua va hi?u qua cao thi mdi ngudi deu phai cd nang luc chung phdt trien d trinh do can thiet va cd mgt vai nang lyc chuyen mdn tuong img vdi ITnh vyc cdng viec eiia minh. Nhihig nSng luc cd ban nay khdng phai la bam sinh, ma nd phai dugc giao due phat trien va bdi dudng d con ngudi.
Nang lue ciia mdt ngudi phdi hgp trong mgi hoat ddng la nhd kha nang ty didu khien, ty quan ly. tu di^u chinh d mdi ca nhan dugc hinh thdnh trong qua trinh sdng va giao dye cua mdi ngudi. Nang luc cdn dugc hieu theo mgt each khac, nang lyc Id tinh chdt tam sinh ly ciia con ngudi chi phdi qua Irinh tiep thu kicn Ihtfc. ky nang va ky xao tdi thicu la cai ma ngudi dd cd the diing khi hoat dpng. Trong dicu kien ben ngodi nhu nhau nhtfng ngudi khac nhau cd thl tidp thu cac kien thiic ky nang va ky xao dd vdi nhjp do khde nhau cd ngucri tiep thu nhanh, cd ngudi phai mk nhieu thdi gian va stfc lyc mdi tiep thu dugc.
ngudi nay ed thl dat dugc trinh dg dieu luy?n eao eon ngudi khac chi dat dugc trinh trung binh nhdt dinh tuy da het stfc cd gdng. Cdn phan biet nang lyc vdi tri thiic, k>> nSng, ky xao,
- Tri thuc la nhtfng h i l u bidt thu nhan dugc ttf sdch vd, ttf hgc hdi va t u kinh nghiem cugc sdng eiia minh.
- Ky nang la sy vgn dyng budc dau nhQng kien thirc thu luum vao thirc te de tien hanh mgt hogt ddng ndo dd.
- K J xao la nhung ky nSng d u g c ldp di lap lai nhilu ikn d i n mtfc thuan thuc cho phep con ngudi khdng phai
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Nang lyc ndi chung vd nang lyc nghe nghiep ndi rieng khdng ed sdn nhu mgt sd nha Tam ly hgc ui san quan nicni ma nd dugc hinh thanh vd phat trien qua boat dgng hge tap, lao dgng vd trong hogt dgng nghe nghi?p.
Chiing ta cd the khdng dinh rang hpc hdi va lao dgng khdng met mdi la eon dudng phdt trien nang lyc nghe nghiep ciia moi ea nhan.
Nhu vay, van de dat la ddi vdi cac co so dao tao dae bict Id cac Irudng dai hgc, cao dang noi ddo tao ra eae ehuyen gia trong nhOng ITnh vuc khoa hpc, cdng nghg thi viee to chtfc chuong trinh dao tao can cSn ctf vao he thdng nang luc nghe nghi?p ma nghe ddi hdi, cd nhu vay ngudt stnh vien sau khi ra trudng mdi cd nang lyc phii hgp dap ung duge ddi hdi ngdy cang eao eiia thj trudng lao dpng mat khac nd giup eho xa hgi tranh dugc cho nganh gido due dao lao ndi rieng va todn xS hgi ndi chung nhtfng lang phi chat xam nhu thyc te dang dien ra hien nay.
2. Hoat dgng nhan thtfc.
'IVcii CO sd phdn lieh cdc quan diem ctia triet hoc duy vat hicn ehung, tdm ly hge va phuong phap luan nhgn thtfc loan hgc cd the hieu khai niem hoat ddng nhan thtfc cua hgc sinh nhu sau: Hoat dgng nhan thuc toan hgc la qua trinh tu duy dan tdi ITnh hpi eae trt thtfc todn hge, nam duge y nghTa cita eac tri thtfc dd: Xdc djnh duge mdi lien he nhan qud vd cac mdi lien he khac eiia ddi tugng toan hgc dugc nghien eiru (khai niem. quan he, quy lual lodn hoc...); tu dd van dung duge tri thue toan hgc giai qujet eae vdn de thyc tien.
I I . M O T SO NET B A C T R U N G CUA H O A T OQNG NHAN T H U C T R O N G D A Y HQC T O A N l . T u d u y trong hoat dgng nhan thtfc
T u duy dieu khien nhdn thuc todn hgc ciia hgc sinh khdng chi ed t u duy todn hgc. Tham gia vdo qua trinh nhan thire Inan hgc eua hpc sinh cdn su dyng eac thanh id cua tu duy bien chtfng, tu duy phe phan. tu duy ddt thoai...
2. Logic Ihiim gia vao qua (rinh nh^n (htfc Cac loai hinh logic dicu chinh hoat ddng nhgn thue khdng cht cd logic toan ma la sy phdi hgp dieu chinh cita Idgic hinh thtfc, logic bien chtfng va Idgic toan.
V i du, de phat hien kien thuc mdi, ngudi hge sinh can ITnh hgi c;'ic khai niem; can duoc truyen thu mdt sd tri thirc CO bdn vc eon dudng xay dyng khai niem; each phan loai khai niem lheo ngi hdm, ngoai dien, mgt sd each ihuc phan doan Iri liuic mdi; cac quy tac suy luan; ede lap luan dirng.
sai trong uen trinh xac dinh kiln thuc mdi.
i. Cac diing suy luan trong hoat dgng nhsin thuc todn hgc Cac dang suy luan dugc su dyng trong hoat ddng nhan thirc loan hgc khdng chi la suy luan suy dien theo quy tac .1, A 4 A . . . A 4 , = > B . trong do ^ , v d i /e(I;2..n>
la nhirng hen d l . bao gdm eac t i l n de, cac menh d l da dugc chiing minh diing din Id mgt edng Ihtfc hang diing, ma con M I dyng cac suy luan cd ly. suy lugn quy nap;
suy luan djnh lugng.
Ciic loai suy lugn d i l n djch. suy lugn ed li, suy luan quy nap duoc phdi hgp td chtfc ditng dan se gdp phdn phat hicn van d l vd giai quylt vdn d l mpt each diing ddn N l u thieu eac loai hinh cd l i ; suy luan quy nap dya tren cac quy luat bien chtfng cua tu duy se khdng dam bao
S6 6-2016
^ ; 'M ^
1984 khi X
cho vice phat hign cac quy luat dya tren nen lang li thuylt. nln tang tri thirc dd cd,
V i dy, Tim \ vd y sao cho bieu thtfc:
A = 2x'+9y--6xy-6x-\2y + 20\^ cd gia trj nhd nhk Tim gia tri nhd nhat dd.
Tim gia trj nhd nhdt ciia b i l u thuc lien quan toi 2 biln X. y va ed dang binh. phuong nen cd the dua bian thuc v l dang binh phuong hoac ldng binh phuang cpng vdi mdt hang sd,
Nhung nhgn xet tren ihugc pham Irii bien chimg, suy luan cd li. D l tim ldi giai bdi todn chitng ta xem xel bai toan cdn chtfng minh trong mdi lien he vdi cdc bai toan da bilt. eae hSng ddng thuc va cdc quy tdc d l b i ^ nhd dd hgc sinh biet each huy dgng k i l n thuc diing dan eho vice giai bai loan.
Tdm till ldi giai:
A = 2x' + 9 y ' - 6.VV - 6.v - 12y + 2013 - ( . V - 3 . i M 2 ) ' + ( v - 5 ) ' + l 9 8 4 > I 9 8 4 V i ( . v - j y + 2 ) - > 0 , ( A - - 5 ) = > 0 • Do dd A dat gia tri nhd nhat khi:
J J : - 3 _ V + 2
3 7
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T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O
1. Nguyen Nggc Bich (2000),-7am ly hgc nhdn cdch, Nha xuat ban Dai hge Qudc gia Ha Npi.
2. Dao Tam - Le Hien Duang (2008), Tiip cgn cdc phuffng phdp day hoc khdng Iruyen ilidng lrong dgy hot Tndn. Nhil .\uiil ban Dl ISP. 1 lit Ngi,
3. Ddo Tam - Tran Tiung (2010), Td dure imi dgng ntign dure lrong day hoc mon Todn a truvng THPT Nha xudt bdn D H S I M I a Ndi.
4. Nguyen Ua Kim - Vuong Duong Minh -Ton Than (1998). Khuyen khich mgt sd hogi dgng Iri lu^ cm hgc sinh qua mon Todn a truong THCS. Nha xudt ban Giao dye
S U M M A R Y
l-'n.'ilL'ring organlzaiianal capacity ihe cognitive performance of .secondary school simlenlsfnr colleges oj Math sluJcnls is one of iniporlant staga ofthe leuchins process. Prepare the core knowledge lo students in Math pedagogy sludenls is ready to meet the self-study methods ahoul cognitive aclivilies of school students which are shown in the teaching ilieory: and the new effective leaching melhods. It aho implcnienl objectives of personalily ecliicalion for .school \niilenl.s-: ediicuiwi' world iiew of dialectical nialerialistn. Critical llmkingi the probleni-sniving. how lo process information in real life. Thereby contrihiiling to improve ihe quality of malhenuiiics leaching innnvafion in the ciirrenl period.
Keywords, capaciiy. cognitive perfonnance. ihinking^
\gav nhiin bdi 211 4 2016 Suv chOa xong: 28i-t 2016 Diiyel dang: 65/2016
