Nhan to tac dong den
dong lu'c lam viec cua ngUofi lao dong trong cac cof s& djch vu y te
d Nghe An
* CHO TGAN ANH' Tom tk
Nghiin cffu ndy dugc tie'n hdnh dua tren 386 phiiu khdo sdty kiin ciia ngUdi lao ddng dang ldm viic tgi 04 benh vien tren dia bdn tinh Nghe An, gdm 3 benh viin cong lap Id: Binh vien Da khoa tinh Nghi An, Binh vien Da khoa thdnh phd' Vinh, Binh vien Sdn Nhi Nghe An vd 01 benh viin ngodi cong lap Id Binh vien 115. Kit qud nghien effu dd chl ra dgng luc ldm viec (DLLV) cua ngudi lao dgng tgi cdc ca sd y te d Nghi An hiin nay con tuang dd'i thdp vd cd W nhdn td cd mdi quan hi tdc dgng thudn ehieu vdi DLLV cua ngUdi lao ddng trong cdc ca sd dich vu y ti ndy. Trong do, "Ddi ngd vdt chdt" Id nhdn td ldc dgng mgnh nhdt, phdn dnh nhffng ddi hoi cua ngffdi lao dgng ve viic ddp ffng nhu cdu ca bdn di yen tdm cdng tdc la rdt ldn.
Tff khoa: ddng lUc ldm viic, nhdn viin y li, ca sd dich vu y ti, dinh vu y tittnh Nghe An Summary
This study was based on a survey of 386 workers who are working in 04 hospitals In Nghe An province, including 3 public hospitals' Nghe An General Hospital, Vinh General Hospital, Nghe An Production Pediatric Hospital and 01 non-public hospital is 115 Hospital. Research results show that working motivation of laborers of medical facilities in Nghe An province is still relatively low and there are 10 factors that have a positive relationship with working motivation of the employess in these facilities. In particular, "Material treatment" is the most powerful factor, reflecting the big demands of the laborers on meeting the basic needs for working well.
Keyworks: working motivation, medical staff', medical service facilities, medical services in Nghe An province
GlCfl THIEU cdc nhdn to'tac ddng tdi DLLV cua ngtfdi lao ddng tai cdc cd sd dich vu y te d Nghe An.
De xdy dtfng ed sd thffc tidn cho vide
dffara nhffng giai phdp nham lao dpng c a s d l Y T H U Y E T V A MO HINH NGHIEN CU'U life cho ngffdi lao ddng tai cac c<j sd dicb
vu y te d Nghe An, can thie't phai ed mot Ctf sd ly thuyd't
danh gid khdi quat ve thffc trang cdc Kreitner (1995) cho rdng, DLLV Id mgt qud tnnh nhdn td tdc ddng dd'n DLLV cua ngffdi tdm !y md nd dmh hffdng ca nhan theo muc dich nhd't lao dgng tai cac cd sd dich vu y te'tren dinh. Cdn Higgms (1994) lai dffa ra quan didm, ddng li^c dia ban hien nay nhtf the ndo? Bdi, mffc la itfc day ttt ben trong ca nhan de dap ffng cdc nhu cau do tac dpng va chieu hffdng tac dgng cua chffa dffdc thoa man. Theo Pinder (1998), DLLV la mdt cac nhdn td se Id can cff de nghien cffu tap hdp nang Iffdng ldm vide cd ngudn gd'c ben trong dtfa ra cac de xud't giai phdp nham tao va ca bdn ngoai cua mdt cd nhdn de diffc hidn hanb vi DLLV cho ngtfdi lao ddng tai cdc cd sd hen quan den cdng vide, giup xdc dinh dtfdc cdch thffc, dich vu y td d Nghd An. hffdng chi dao, cffdng do va thdi gian cho cdng viec do.
Xua't phdt tff nhffng va'n de trdn, tac Vu Thi Uyen (2006) lai eho rang, dgng Iffc la sff gia da tid'n hanh nghien cuXivd thifc trang khao khdt va tif nguyen ciia moi ci nhan nham phat
*ThS., Tru'dng Dai hoc Y khoa Vinh
Ngdy nhdn bai: 28/03/2019. Ngdy phdn hien: 15/04/2019; Ngdy duyel ddng: 19/04/2019
BAMG 1: CAC NHAN TO TAC DONG DEIS DLLV CGA NGCfdl LAO DQNG TAI CAC Cd scf DjCH VO Y TE d NGHE AN TT
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Nh§n t6' Ly do \\l'd chon cong viec cua ca nhan Quyet dinh lUa chgn cong viec Nang lu'c thiTc hien cong viec Dac diem cong viec Tac dpng tif phia id chiJc Moi ir^Sng liim viec Cac qnan he xahoi Dieu kien lam viec Dai ngo vat cha't SirkJ' vpng
N 386 386 386 386 386 386 386 386 386 386
Trimg bmb 3.912 3.607 3713 2.611 2.694 3.959 3,461 3.419 3.232 3.075
DO ISch chu^n 0.885 0.8938 0 9716 0.9649 1.5413 0 9094 0.7967 0.8244 0.9317 0.937 Mguon. Ket qua xu iy sd lieu tren ph^n mem SPSS huy moi nd life dd hffdng ban thdn dat dffdc muc tieu cua cd nhdn vd muc tieu eua td chffe. Cdn Bui Anh Tud'n (2002) dffa ra quan didm, ddng Iffc lao dpng la nhffng nhan td bdn trong kich thich con ngffdi nd Iffc lam viec trong dieu kien cho phep tao ra nang sud't, hieu qua cao. Bieu hidn cua ddng life la sff san sang nd life, say me lam viee nham dat dffdc muc tieu cua td chffc eung nhff ban than ngtfdi lao ddng.
Nhtf vay, DLLV xud't phat tff nhu cau, dffdc chu thd nhan thffc va hinh thdnh muc tieu, khi dd DLLV dffdc hieu la sff khao khat va tff nguydn cua ngffdi lao ddng de thffc hidn cdc hanh vi nghe nghiep nham dat dtfdc muc tieu dd va thda man nhu cau trong sff phu hdp vdi mue tieu cua to chffc.
M6 hinh nghien cu'u
Nhieu nghidn ciJu da chi ra rang, nhffng nhdn td'anh hffdng tdi DLLV cua ngffdi lao ddng dtfdc chia ldm hai nhdm la: nhdm nhdn td' ben trong va nhdm nbdn td bdn ngoai (Vu Thi Uyen (2008), NguydnVan Lffdt (2013).
Trong nghien cffu nay, tac gia ke' thffa md hinh va cdc thang do ve cdc nhdn to' tac ddng tdi DLLV dffdc de xud't bdi cua Bright (2008), md binh cua Meredith vd Smith (2011) vd nghien cffu phdt tridn md hinh va thang do cua Pham Dffc Chinh (2016). Theo do, cac nhan tdtdc ddng tdi DLLV cua ngffdi lao dgng, gdm7 nhan to: (i) Ly do lffa chpn cong vide cua ci nhdn (LDCV); (ii) Quyet dinh lifa chpn cdng vide (QDCV);
(iii) Nang life thffc hidn cdng vide (NLCV); (iv) Dac diem cdng vide (DDCV); (v) Tdc ddng tff phia td chffc (TDTC); (vi) Mdi trffdng lam viec (MTLV); (vii) Cdc quan he xa hgi (QHXH).
Phifrfng phap nghien citu
Tff cd sd ly thuye't, tac gia khai qudt nen bang hoi gdm 44 thang do dai didn cho 07 nhan tdtdc ddng tdi DLLV thudc md hinh ly thuye't vd 06 thang do dai dien cho "Ddng life lam viec". Tid'p theo, tae gm den hanh phat ra 450 phid'u tai 04 bdnh vien va thu vd 431 phidu,
trong dd cd 386 phid'u hdp le va 45 phieu khdng hdp le do dien thie'u tbdng tin trong bang hdi. Thdi gian khao sdt tff thang 09-11/2018. Dff lieu sau khi thu thdp dffdc xff ly trdn phan mdm SPSS 20 {Bdi vii't sff dung cdch viit so thdp phdn theo chudn qud'c ti).
KET QUA NGHIEN CQU
Kd't qua phan tich nhan td' kham pha (EFA)
Sau 3 lan thffc hien phdn tich EFA, kd't qua lan 3 cho did'y, gia tri phffdng sai trich la 71.535% vdi didm dffng cac nhdn td Eigenvalues bang 1.531. Dieu nay eho bie't, cd tdi 71.535% thay ddi cua cac nbdn td dffdc giai thich bdi 41 bien quan sat va dtfdc nhdm lai thdnh 10 nhdn td chinh phu hdp vdi md hinh ly thuyet.
Kd't qua ma trdn nhan td' xoay cho biet, gia tri ldn nha't cua hd so' tai nhdn td dd'i vdi mdi bid'n quan sat. Cac bid'n dac hffng ddu cd he sd'tai nhdn td'ldn hdn 0.5 vd dffde xe'p thanb 10 nhdn to' dai didn cho cdc nhan to' tdc ddng de'n DLLV cua ngffdi lao ddng tai cdc cd sd dich vu y te d Nghe An. Trong 10 nhdn to tac dgng, cd 07 nhdn to' trong md hinh ly thuye't va 03 nhdn to khdm phd mdi, gdm: Dieu kidn lam vide (DKLV); Dai ngd vat chd't (DNVC); Sff ky vong (SKV).
Ke't qua kiem dinh thang do cac nh^n td'tac dOng
Tie'p theo nhdm tae gia tien hanh kiem dinh thang do dd'i vdi 41 thang do dai dien cho 10 nhdn to' tdc dpng de'n DLLV cua ngffdi lao dgng tai cdc cd sd dich vu y te' d Nghe An, kd't qua cho thd'y, he sdCronbach's Alpha c i a ca 10 nhan to' deu ldn hdn 0.6 va he so' tffdng quan bien tdng cua cdc thang do ddu ldn bdn 0.3, nen khong loai bd bie'n nao, cdc thang do la phu hdp de cd the tie'n hanh cdc phan tich tie'p theo.
Cac nhan t6' tac ddng de'n DLLV cua ngif&l lao ddng tai cac ctf sd dich vu y te' d Ngh0 An
Kit qua thd'ng ke md ta cdc nhdn ti tdc dgng din DLLV
^ Bang 1 cho thd'y, hau hdt cdc nhdn td deu dffdc ddnh gid d mffc dd ttfdng ddi cao (Mffc dp 4 - Ddng y), cbi cd hai nhdn td la "Dac diem cdng vide" vd "Tac ddng tff phia to chffc " la dang d mffc ttfdng ddi thdp. Dieu nay phan nao phdn dnh vai ff-d tao ddng life tff phia td chffc dd'i vdi ngffdi lao dgng trong cac co sd y td d
52
I I
Nghe An hien nay chffa dffde danh gid cao, ngtfdi lao dpng danh gia tdc ddng tff phia to chffc tdi DLLV cua hp d mffc tha'p hdn cac nhan to' khac.
Mffc dg vd chieu hffdng tdc dgng cda cdc nhdn td'din DLLV
Bang 2 cho thd'y, thffc trang DLLV cua ngffdi lao ddng tai cdc cd sd dich vu y tedNghe An hien nay dang d mffc tffdng ddi thd'p vdi gia tri trung binh nhdn to chi dat 2.414 diem. Ke't qua ndy phan dnh mu'c do ttf nguydn va khao khat lam viec cua ngffdi lao dgng trong cac cd sd dich vu y tdcua Tinh hien nay con thd'p va nd phan dnh phu hdp vdi nhffng gi ngffdi lao dgng ddnh gid ve cdc nhdn to tae ddng tdi DLLV cua hg.
De ddnh gid mffc do tdc dgng cua cdc nhan td dd'n DLLV cua ngffdi lao ddng tai cac cd sd dich vu y te' d Nghd An, tdc gia tidn hdnh phdn tich sff phu thuoc cua
"DLLV cua ngtfdi lao dgng tai cdc cd sd dich vu y te' d Nghd An" vdo cdc bie'n ddc ldp da ndu. Trong nghidn cffu nay, tac gia tinh gid tri cua bie'n phu thudc va cdc hien ddc ldp trong md hinh theo gia hi trung binh da tinh dd'n trgng so' cua cdc quan sdt. Kd't qud phan tich hdi quy difdc the hien nhtf Bang 3.
Ke't qua phdn tich hdi quy cho thd'y, tn sdR ^ 0.588 nghTa la md'i quan he giffa cdc bie'n trong md hinh tffdng ddi chdt che. Gia hi R- hidu chinh phan anh chinh xac hdn stf phil hdp cua mo binb vdi tdng the, kd't qua phdn tich cho tha'y, R- hieu chinh cd gid tn bang 0.328 (hay 32.8%);
tiJc la chi cd 32.8% sff bien thidn cua bie'n phu thuoc (Y) "DLLV cua cua ngffdi lao ddng tai cdc cd sd dich vu y td' d Nghd An" dtfdc giai thich bdi 10 bie'n trong md hinh, cdn 67.2% se do cac nhdn to' khac ngoai md hinh va sai so ngdu nbidn.
^ Dd kiem dmh do phil hdp cita mdhinh hoi quy tong the ta xem xet de'n gid tri thdng kd F trong bang phdn tich phffdng sai ANOVA (Bang 4), gid tri F = 19.789 vdi mffc y nghia Sig. = 0.000 < 0.05, cho thay md hinh hdi quy tuye'n tinh phu hdp vdi tap dff lieu va cd thd sff dung dffdc.
De ddnh gia vide md hinh hdi quy khong vi pham hidn tffdng da cdng tuye'n, can phai xem xet he so'phdng dai phtfdng sai VIF. Trong nghidn cffu nay, khi tinh toan gid tri cua bid'n phu thudc va cac bie'n dgc lap, tdc gia da tinh dd'n trgng so' vd da chua'n hda, ndn he sd phdng dai phffdng sai VIF thu dffdc trong Bang 5 cita cdc nhdn td' ddu bang 1. Tff
BAMG 2: DLLV CQA MGCTCil LAO DONG TAI CAC CO S d DjCH VU Y TE d NGHE AN
Toi sSn sang co'ng hien vi ngu'di benh va xa hoi Toi san sang hi sinh ldi ich ca nhan de phuc vu ngiTcfi benh va cong dong
Toi luon dat loi ich cua ngUcti benh va xa hoi len tren lOi ich ca nhan
Phuc vu SI/ nghiep cham soc siJc khoe y te la nhiem vu cua toi
Toi luon nghT dong gop cho cong dong ve cham soc slfc khoe la trach nhiem cua m5i ngUdi ToL khong quan tam de'n cac muc dich chinh tri khi phuc vu cpng dong
TB
N
3S6 386 386 386 386
386 3S6
GTNN GTLN 5 5 5 5 5 5
TB
2.585 2.653 2.060 2.158 2.518
2,510 2.414
chu^n
1.1162 10996 1.0060 0.9661 0.9992
1.0912 1.0464 BANG 3: BANG KET QUA HOI QGY
xac dinh R^ hiSu chinh
Sai SET chuan cua U'dc lu'dng Durbin-
Watson
a. Predictors. (Constant), LDCV, DNVC, SKV, QDCV, TDTC, QHXH, DKLV, DDCV, NLCV, MTLV
b Dependent Variable: DLLV
BANG 4: KET QQA PHAN TJCH PHddNG SAI ANOVA Md hinh
1 HoL quy Phan du- Total
T^ng hdp cac Innh phiAfng
132.990 252.010 385.000
B$c ti^ do (df) 10 375 385
Phu'dng sai
13.299 0.672
F 19.789
Sig.
0.000^-
a Dependent Variable'DLLV
b. Predictors: (Constant), LDCV, DNVC, SKV, QDCV, TDTC, QHXH, DKLV, DDCV, NLCV, MTLV.
Nguon Ket qua xi/ ly so lieu tren phs dd, cd the ket ludn rang, cac bie'n ddc lap cd tffdng quan chat che vdi nhau.
Tff kd't qua phan tieh hdi quy ta co md hinh:
DLLV = 0.196*LDCV + 0.210-^QDCV + 0.147'^NLCV + 0.163WDCV + 0.151*TDTC + 0.127*MTLV + 0.13I*QHXH + 0.170*DKLV + 0.315WNVC + 0.175*SKV
KET LUAN
Tdng hdp kd't qua kiem dinh md hinh hdi quy vdi 10 bien dpc lap va 01 bidn pbu diuoc, can cff vdo he sd Beta
53
BANG 5: KET QGA PHAN TJCH HOI QOY DA BIEN
1 (Constant) MTLV NLCV DDCV DKLV QHXH TDTC QDCV SKV DNVC LDCV
Hgsd'dachu^nhda Beta . „ ' ^ - ^
0.127 0 147 0 163 0.170 0.131 0.151 0.210 0.175 0.315 0.196
t
0.000 3.045 3.519 3,897 4 064 3.147 3.614 5.020 4.200 7,539 4 680
Sig.
1.000 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0 000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Thfiing lc€ cOng tuyfi'n D$ chS'p nh^u
I.OOO 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
VIF
1.000 1.000 1.000 1000 1000 1,000 1.000 1,000 1.000 1.000 a Dependent Variable: DLLV
cung cho thd'y, mffc do tdc ddng cua cac bien dde lap tdi bie'n phu thudc "DLLV cffa ngu'di lao ddng tai cdc cd sd dich vu y td d Nghe An" dffdc sap xe'p theo thff tff gidm din nhff sau: Mdt la nbdn td "Dai ngd vdt chd't" vdi p9 = 0.315; Hai la nhdn td "Quyet dinh lifa chpn cdng viec" P2
= 0.210; Ba la nhdn td "Ly do lffa chgn cdng vide" vdi pi = 0.196; Bdn la nhan td "Sff ky vgng" vdi plO = 0.175; Nam la nhan to' "Dieu kidn lam vide" vdi pS = 0.170; Sdu la nhdn t6'"Dac didm cong vide" vdi p4 = 0.163; Bdy la nhdn to' "Tdc ddng tff phia td chffc " vdi |35 = 0.151; Tam la nhan td "Nang life thffc hidn cong viec" vdi p3 = 0.147; Chin la nhdn td "Cac quan he xa hgi" vdi P7 = 0.131; va thd'p nhd't la nhan td "IVIdi hn^dng lam vide" vdi P6 = 0.127.
Ngudn: Ket qua xCf Iy so lieu tren phan mem SPSS Nhff vdy, nghidn cffu da chi ra 10 nhdn td' tdc ddng tdi "DLLV cua ngffdi lao ddng tai cac cd sd dich vu y td d Nghd An". Ke't qua nghien cffu nay giiip tao ra eac can cff cho vide xdy dffng cac chinh sdch quan ly nham tao DLLV cho ngu'di lao dpng tai cdc cd sd dieh vu y te tren dia bdn tinh Nghd An trong thdi gian tdi. Kd't qua ndy se la can cff cd tinh chd't tham khao td't cho cdc nha quan ly trong viec hoach dinh cde chinh sdch dd'i vdi ngffdi lao ddng tai cac ed sd dich vu y t e . a
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO_ _ _
1. Pham Dffc Chinh (2016). Md'i quan he giffa ddng luc ldm viic vd sff hdi long cdng viec cua cdn bg, cdng chffc d ViitNam, Nxb Dai hge Qud'c gia TP. Ho Chi Minb
2. Trffdng Dffc Thao (2018). Ddng lUc ldm viic cua gidng viin trong cdc Irudng dgi hgc ngodi cdng lap d Viet Nam, Ludn an tid'n sy, Trffdng Dai hpc Kinh td' - Dai hpc Qud'c gia Ha Ndi
3. BCti Anh Tua'n (20()2). Gido trinh Hdnh vi to chffc, Nxb Trffdng Dai hoc Kinh te Qud'e ddn 4. Vu Thi Uydn (2008). Tgo dgng Iffc cho ngUdl lao ddng qudn ly trong doanh nghiip nhd nudc d Hd Ngi din ndm 2020, Ludn dn tien sy, Trffdng Dai hpc Kinh te' Qud'c ddn
5. Nguyin Van Lffdt (2013). Ddng cd giang day cua giang vidn dai hpc, Tgp chl Tdm ly hgc, 8 6. Vu Thi Uydn (2()06). Van hda doanh nghiep - Mot dpng Iffc cua ngu'di lao dgng, Tgp chi Lao ddng vd Xd hgi, 294, 11-15
7. Bright, L. (2008). Does pubhc service motivation relly make a difference on the job satisfaction and turnover intentions of a public employees?. The American Review of Public Administration, 38,149-166
8. Higgms, J. M. (1994). The management challenge. 2nd, New York: Macmillan 9. Kreitner, R. (1995). Management, 6th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin
10. Kreitner, R., Kinicki, A. (2009). Oganlzational Behaviour, McGrow Hill Higher Education 11. Meredith, D., Smith, W. R. (2011). Statistics Canada, Public Service Employee Survey 2011, access to http://wvi'w.tbs-ste.gc.ca/survey-sondage
12. Pinder, C. C. (1998). Work Motivation in Organizational Behavior: Upper Dadle River, NY:
Prentice Hall
