Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o
\ / N G H I E N CUU LUTA CHON CONG NGHE KHAI THAC HOP Lt CHO OIEU KI|N VACH KHO SAP od, VIA 11 (46), KHU TRANG KHE
CfiNGTYTHANUONGBi-TKV
The longwall 11(46)-2-TK at the level of-150/+30 of the coal seam 11(46) at Trang Khe region will be mined with longwall retreating on strike, supported with hydraulic sliding beam XDY, extracted with the drilling and blasting method and the roof will be contmlled with the total caving method. Due to the complicated geological conditions at the above mentioned region, for selecting the proper mining technology, Uong Bi coal company has coordinated with IMSAT in studying the roof control solutions to increase the safety and mining efficiency
KS. DU'aNG D d c HAI KS. N G U Y E N NGQC GIANG KS. NGUYEN V A N DU'aNG Vi$n Khoa hqc Cong ngh$ Mo - Vinacomin
Bien tap: TS. Ddo Hong Qu^ng
1. Dat vln di
Theo Oieu chmh dy an d i u t u md rpng nang cdng suit khu Trang Khe, Hing Thai (md Trang Bach) - Cong ty than Uong Bi, 16 chg 11(46)-1- TK vd 16 chg 11(46)-2-TK muc -150/+30 thupc via 11(46) khu Trang Khe, duge du kien dp dung cong nghp khai thac cpt dai theo phuong, ching giu bang gia thuy lye di dpng XDY, khau guong bing khoan n i min, diiu khiin vach bang phd hoa toan phin.
Theo eac tdi lipu tham d6 va cap nhgt trong qua trinh dao 16, dac (^im diiu ki§n dja chit khu vuc cac 16 chg noi tren nhu sau: Chiiu day via, rieng than, tu 0,98m - 2,8m, trung binh 2,2m, toan vfa, tu 0,98m ^4,1m, trung binh 2,7m. Goc d i e via tep 35° -^ 45°, trung binh 37°. Da vach ngay sat via ehu y i u la bpt kit, chieu ddy 1,4m
•^ 2,9m, trung binh 2,0m, cuong dp khang nen trung binh On = 31,5 IVIPa; tren lop bpt kit la lo-p cat kit, ddy 17,3m •*• 28,3m, trung binh 21,0m, cuong dp khang nen trung binh on = 122,2 MPa.
Da vach thupc loai b i n vung va kho dieu khien, theo tinh chat sap do, thupc loai kho sap d6. Da try la lop set kit, set than phan bo deu, chiiu day 0,66m - 7,52m, thupc loai kem ben vung d i n ben vCpng trung binh, phia duo-i lo'p set kit, set than la tap da bot kit, edt kit bin vung.
Vol diiu kien dja chit mo khu vyc 16 chg nhu tren, vipe dp dung cong ngh# khai thac cpt ddi theo phuong, chong giCJ- bing gia thuy lyc di dpng XDY, khau guong bang khoan no min, dieu khiin vach bang pha hoa toan phin se gap kho
khan, nhat la viec dieu khien da vach, muc dp an todn bj han che.
Tu nhCVng kinh nghipm trong vd ngodi nuo-c, eho thay, de khai thac cac khu vue via neu tren, e6 mpt s i so d i cong nghe phu hgp hon. Ti> do, Cong ty than Uong Bi da ph6i hpp vd'i Vipn Khoa hpc Cong nghe Mo nghi§n ci>u lya ehpn edng nghe khai thac hgp ly cac khu vuc vfa nay, nham nang cao hieu qua khai thac va dam bao an toan.
2. Kinh nghiem khai thac via day trung binh, d i e nghieng, da vach kho sap do
Tai eae nuoc e6 n i n eong nghiep mo tien tiin tren the gioi, de khai thac cac via than eo diiu kien nhu tr§n, ngu6i ta thuong ap dung hai nhom giai phap ehinh la:
ThiFNhat: Su dung eac giai phap va phuong tien tac dOng tryc tiep vdo khoi da vach b i n vOng, kho sap d i d i dua da vach v i trgng thai d i sap d i hoac sap do trung binh. Sau d6, cong tac khai thac dugc tiin hanh theo so do cong nghe vd'i phuong phdp diiu khien da vach bang phd hoa todn phin. Ban chit cua nhdm giai phap nay la Idm giam eae tinh chit ben vung c6 ly cua da vach, dua chung ve trang thai de pha huy hoac giam kich thuo-c eo- hat khi sap d i cung nhu thay doi dac thu pha huy cua khii nham thach vach vta trong khoang khong da khai thac, dam bao ap dung duoc cac giai phap ching giij- diiu khien vach sap do todn phan sau khai thac an toan.
De thyc hien, ngud-i ta khoan cac lo khoan
KHCNM SO 12/2015* CNKT HAM LO
Thdng tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo
ddi phia truoc guong khai thac (tir cac duong 16 chuin bj hoac t u cac via lan can hay khong gian phia tren via), nap n i min om, hoae bom hoa chat nhu chat truong no vd'i dp suit cao lam tang do nCrt ne cung nhu kha nang tach lop cua nham thach vdch vi"a.
Cong nghe SCP dung khoan n i min phia truoc guong ldm giam tinh chit ben vij'ng cua da vach, the hien tren hinh l a .
bao vp.
So do cong nghe khai thac dieu kiin vach bing cac dai tru bao vp the hi#n tren hinh 1 b.
Cac giai phap theo hudng thu Nhat c6 t h i ap dung rpng rai, cong tae dieu khiin dd vach khong lam thay doi cong nghp vd trinh t u khau than.
Tuy nhien, nhugc diem eua phuong phap nay la doi hdi dau tu Idn ve trang thiit bj, cung nhu trinh do ky thuat cao trong xu ly khoan tiin T/7U Hai: SLP dung giai phap gian tiep nhim truoc. Doi vdi diiu kien via 11(46), do da vach giam tai cua khii da vach kho sap do den luong
guong khai thac, Cac giai phap nay bao gom su dung vat lieu chen vdo khoang trong da khai thac, che tao cac loai vi ching dac biet co kha nang can bing tai trpng do dat da vach tac dpng len vi chong; dieu khien da vdch ha d i n d i n trong qud trinh tiin guong bing cac dai tru than r[,i L6 thong gid
tuong doi cCrng, trong khi cong tac khoan no min Idm y i u da vach hi#n nay c6n hgn c h i , vi|e thi cdng cac 16 khoan dai ve phia vach vfa kho khan, nen phuong an se kho dp dgng.
Vdi nhom giai phap thu Hai, phuong phap dieu khien da vach hodn todn chu dpng theo djnh hudng cua con ngudi, de thuc hien va
M3tcltA-A
Hinh tPhuungphip diiu khiin d^ vich khd sip d6 d nifdc ngoii a) Khoan nd min phia trudc guang ldm glim tinh chit bin vO-ng cOa di vich;
b) Sa dd cong nghe khai thdc diiu khiin vich bing cic dii tru bio v$.
KHCNM S 6 ]2/2015*CNKT HAM LO
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo
khong doi hdi trang thiit bi tien tien. Tuy nhien, nhugc diim cua phuong phap la gdy phCpc tap trong day chuyen edng nghe khiu than, giam nang suit vd hieu qua khai thac.
Tai Viet Nam, trong qud trinh khai thdc tai cac md than h i m 16 vung Quang Ninh cung da gap mpt so vfa than co dieu kien da vach khd sap d i nhu via 5, khu Cdnh Ga, md than Vang Danh, via 15, Bac Bang Danh, md than Cao Thing, via 4, khu Khe Chudi, Cdng ty than 91, Ting Cdng ty Ddng Bac. De khai thac cdc vi"a than nay, Vien Khoa hpc Cdng nghe Md da phdi hgp vdi cac don vi, ap dung so do cdng ngh§ khai thac budng - Id chg, khiu than bang khoan n i min, ching giu guong khai thac bang g i hole cpt thuy luc dgn, dieu khien da vach bang phuong phap ha d i n d i n tren cac dai try than bao ve hoac hang cut Ign gd (hinh 2).
Qua trinh ap dyng cho thay, cong nghe da cho mpt so chf tieu kinh t i ky thudt tot, cong suit 16 chg t u 70 -^ 90 nghin tin/nam, nang suit lao dpng 2,5 tIn/cong, chi phi go 34,5m3/1000 t i n
than, chi phi met 16 chuan bj 43m/1000 tan than, ty le ton thit than 42%, dam bao an todn.
3. Lva chon cong nghe khai thac hgp ly cho d i i u kien vach kho sap do via 11 (46), khu Trang Khe
Doi vdi 16 chg via 46 muc +30/lp via khu Trdng Khe, la muc trdn eua khu vuc nghien euu, diiu kipn da vach tugng t u nhu muc -150/+30, cung da dugc ap dung cdng nghp khai thac buong -16 chg, dieu khiin da vach bang cac dai try than, Sau khi khai thac dugc 1 cdt, tuong il-ng vdi chiiu dai theo phuong 86m, dieu kien da vach yeu hon, sap d i thanh cae tang ldn.
Trong dieu kien dd, Cdng ty than Hdng Thdi da thing nhlt vol Vien Khoa hpc Cdng nghe Md dieu chmh, khai thac Id chg ndy theo so d i cdng nghe guong 16 chg dang bac chan khay xien cheo, ching gii> bang cpt thuy lyc don xa khdp, d\eu khien da vach bang phuong pha phd hda toan phin. D i n nay, Id chg nay da k i t thCie khai thac, dam bao an toan, vdi cac chT tieu kinh t i ky thuat tuong doi tot" cdng suit Id chg dat 110 Try than bao v6 giO-a cSc c6t Thifpngcdt L6 dgc via th6ng gio
Thuong md 16chg HJILTCAI A . A
Hinh 2. Sodd CNKT budng -10 cha diiu khiin di vich bing cic dil tm than
KHCNM SO 12/20I5' C N K T H A M L 6
Thong tin khoa hoc cdng nghe md
nghin tin/nam (chiiu dai 16 chg 108m); nang suit lao dpng true tiip 3,8 tin/cdng; chi phi go 19,5 m3/1000 tan than; chi phi met Id chuin bj 10.7 m/1000 t i n than; ty le ton thit than 22%.
Tu nhOng kinh nghiem dd, doi vdi cac 16 chg khu vyc nghien euu (Id chg 11(46)-1-TK muc +30/-60 va Id chg 11(46)-2-TK muc -60/-150), Vipn Khoa hpc Cdng nghp Md va Cong ty than Hong Thai da thing nhlt lya chpn dp dyng cae so do edng nghe khai thdc tugng ty nhu 16 chg Idp tren, bao gom 2 so do cdng ngh?: Giai doan d i u Id cong nghe khai thac buong-16 chg, ching giu bing cpt thuy lyc don xd khdp, diiu khiin dd vach bing cac dai tru than. Tiep theo, trong qua trinh khai thac, tren co sg theo ddi tinh trang sap do eua da vach, trudng hgp da vach y i u hon, CO kha nang sap d i vd cho phep dieu khiin da vach bang phuong phap pha hda todn phin, khi do chuyin sang dp dyng so do cong nghe khai thac cpt dai theo phuong, guong Id chg dang bac chdn khay xien cheo, ching gti> bing cpt thuy lye don xa khdp,
Doi vdi so do cong nghp khai thac bu6ng-ld chg: Khu vyc ap dyng duge ehia thanh cac cpt khai thac, vdi chiiu ddi theo phuong tu 60 - 80m (phy thupc vao bude sap do cua da vach co ban). GiO-a hai cpt khai thac liin ke dugc ngan cdch bang try than bao ve co chiiu r6ng trung binh 8m. Trong moi cpt khai thdc tiin hanh ddo cac thugng khai thac chia thanh cae dai khiu vdi chieu dai theo phuong tCi- 10 ^ 15m va duge ngan each bdi cdc dai try than bao ve cd chieu rpng b = 2 -s- 3m.
- Cong tac khai thac 16 chg: khai thac khiu gidt tu bien gidi khai trudng den trung tam, khai thac lln lugt tung cot. Trong mdi cpt, khiu than lln lugt theo tung dai, trong moi dai, theo hudng khiu, d i lai try bao ve (la tru than hoae try nhan tao) cd chieu rdng 2 - 3m. Dai khiu cuii cung d i lai try than bao ve cua cpt khai thdc. Khiu guong dugc thyc hien bang khoan no min thong thudng, chieu cao khiu tu 2,0 -^ 2,2m, chong giO 16 chg bing vi chong cot thuy lyc don, xd khdp.
- Dieu khiin da vach: da vach dugc hg dan dan tren edc try bao ve giua cdc dai khau trong mpt cpt vd ty sap do sau dd.
- Cong tac van tai: Than khau guong 16 chg dugc van tai bang mang trugt, xuing mang cao
16 song song chan hogc bang tai 16 dpc via van tai, nhgp vao he thong vgn tai chung eua md ra ngodi mgt bang.
- Th6ng gid: theo so do thdng gid ehung eua md, gid sach t u luong gi6 chlnh eua mo theo Id dpc via vgn tai len cung d p cho 16 chg, gid thai tu 16 chg theo Id dpc via thdng gid hda vao mgng gid chung cua md thoat ra ngoai mat bang.
- Thodt nude: bang t y chay theo hp thing ranh thoat nude tai cac dudng Id cua khu vyc va hg thing ranh thoat nude ehung eua toan mo ra ngodi mgt bang.
Doi vdi so do cdng nghp khai thac cpt ddi theo phugng guong 16 chg dang bac chdn khay xien cheo. ching giu bing cOt TLD xa khdp (giai doan khai thac thudng ky): Theo chieu doc tcan tuyin guong cua 16 chg dugc chia thanh cac doan, trong m i i dogn bao gom chan khay khiu vd cac chan khay chuyin tiip. Theo phuong, 16 chg ed khdng gian toi thieu 3 luing, trong do, luong guong va luing gan guong dugc chdng edt TLD vd xa khdp; luong bao vp duge ching tuong ty, ngoai ra d d i u mdi chdn khay x i p mpt cui Ign gd, phin cdn lgi danh hang ganh tang cudng. Cui Ign gd xep tang cudng d i u mdi chan khay luing bao ve ed tae dyng chong 6a va hgn c h i dit da d luong pha hda, trugt theo chieu die 16 chg. Bdn cgnh do, de hgn c h i cot TLD bi mat ap t y t d i khi ching giO d 16 chg cd gdc doc Idn, hp chieu bo sung m6e xich lien k i t giua cpt vol xa cua vi ching.
So d i cdng nghe dugc the hien tren hinh 3.
C6ng tdc chuan bj: Khu vyc dugc chuin bj theo so d i cong nghe khai thdc cpt dai theo phuong bao g i m : 16 dpc via thong gio, 16 dpc via vgn tai vd 16 thugng khdi diem cua Id chg. Chieu cao dung eua phan ting khai thde tu 40 ^ 60m, tuy thupc vao gdc die via md chieu dai 16 chg theo hudng d i e t u 80 - 100m.
C6ng tac khai thac 16 chg: Vipc khai thac 16 chg dugc tiin hanh qua ba bude:
Budc 1: lap dat vi chong vdo Id chg, khai thac tgo thanh guong Id chg xien cheo theo so do dugc l^p rieng cho tung 16 chg,
Budc 2: khiu, chong thudng ky 16 chg. Sau khi tao xong guong khiu dang chan khay xien cheo, t i i n hanh khai thac thudng ky 16 chg.
Cdng vipc dugc tien hanh nhu sau:
KHCNM s o 12/2015*CNKT HAM LO
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
.••*.^jf.--i'-""i
Hinh 3. Sadd CNKT ii cho chin khay xien chio - B 6 tri cac cap khau gu'cng dong tho-i tai cac Chan khay khau theo suot chieu dai 16 chg'. mdi chan khay khiu bo tri mot cap (hoac mot nhom 3 cong nhan). Trong moi chan khay khiu dirge khai thac doan phia tren. doan phia du-oi de tao thanh chan khay chuyln tiep mdi (doan nay co chieu dai bang chieu dai cua mgt chan khay chuyln tiep).
- Cac cong vi$c trong moi chu ky khau. ch6ng tai cac doan chan khay du'g'c tien hanh theo cac bu'dc: khoan 16 min gu'ong; nap, n6 min - th6ng gio; tai than, dyng vi chong d§ chong giu' gu'O'ng 16 chg; thao chuyen, x i p mang tru-gt sang luong mdi; chuyen ganh tang cydng hoac chuyln, xep cui Ign, thu hoi vi chong lulng pha hoa.
- Sau mil luong khau gu'gng, vi tri cac chan khay khiu va cac chan khay chuyln tiep dich chuyln d i n len phia dau 16 chg va k i t thiic lan lu-gt cac khay khau, dong thdi tao thanh cac
s * dung vi chdng cdt thuy luc dan kit hop xa kh&p khay khiu va cac khay chuyen tiip mdi tir phia chan 16 chg. Cong viec khai thac dygc dygc tien hanh tygng t y cho d i n khi phan dau 16 chg tiln d i n vi tri gidi han dCrng khai thac cua 16 chg, k i t thuc giai doan 2.
Bu'dc 3: khai thac kit thiJc gygng 16 chg. Tuy theo hien trang cua 16 chg. viec khai thac k i t thiic gu'gng 16 chg co t h i tien hanh theo hai each sau:
- Tilp tuc khau ching Sua gygng 16 chg cot TLO xa khdp ti> dang chan khay xien cheo v i dang gygng khiu thing theo chilu die. Sau do.
thyc hien ching chuyen doi hg chilu sang vi ching gS de thu hdi cot thuy lyc dgn xa khdp.
- Thyc hien ngay viec chuyen d i i ho chilu chong sang vi ching gd d l thu hoi TLB xa khdp.
sau do khai thac du'a 16 chg gd ve dang gu'gng khau thang theo chilu die, k i t thue cong tac khai thac 16 chg.
KHCNM s o 12/2015' CNKT HAM LO
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo
Cae cdng tac van tai, thdng gio 16 chg thyc hien tygng ty giai doan 1.
Vgi cac sg do cong nghe khai thac lya chgn nhy trSn. theo tinh toan cho eac chf tieu kmh t l ky thuat tygng doi tot. cu t h i nhy sau:
- D i i vdi sg d l eong nghS khai thic buing - 16 chg (tinh eho 2 phan tang 16 chg khai thac dong thgi): C6ng suit 16 chg 210.000 tan/nam;
nang suit lao d6ng tryc tiep 3.2 tIn/cdng; chi phi go. 19 m3/1000T; ehi phi met 16 chuin bi 32m/1000 t i n . ty le ton that than 33%; gia thanh khai thac 323.847 ding/tln.
- D i i vdi sg dd cong nghe khai thac 16 chg bac Chan khay xien cheo (tinh cho 2 phan tang 16 chg khai thac dong thdi): Cdng suat 16 ehg 320.000 tin/nam; nang suit lao dgng tryc tilp 4,9 tin/eong; chi phi go 18.5 m3/1C00T; chi phi met 16 chuin bi 9 m/1000 t i n ; ty le ton that than 15%; gii thanh khai thac 235.305 dong/tln.
Giai phap c6ng nghe de xuit da dygc triln khai ap dung trong thyc t l . tin d i u thang 10/2015, sau hai thang ap dgng thO nghiem, 16 chg da khau tao du'gc 2 dai dau tien, tu-gng dygng vdi chilu dai theo phygng khoang 32m va d l lai 2 dai tru than bao ve. Trong qua trinh khai thac, duy tri khiu ding thdi ca 2 phan tang.
Gu'gng 16 chg dygc chia thanh cac dean khay khau vdi chilu dai 30 - 45m, trong dd, phan ting +30/-60 c6 chieu dai 130m dygc chia lam 3 doan khay khiu. phan tang -60/+30 c6 chilu dai 140m, dygc chia lam 4 doan khay khiu.
Qua theo doi tai thye t l san xuit cho thay, cac dai tnj than day tien v l n I n c^nh khi phin da vach phia sau 16 ehg da sap do. dilu dd chyng to viec d l igi cae dai tru than bao v0 vdi chieu rgng theo tinh toan hoan toan dap yng dygc cac yeu cau ve dilu khiln vach eho id ehg. Vdi san lygng than khai thac tLf 242 + 321 tin/ngaydem.
nang suit lao dgng dat 2 + 3 T/cdng-ca.
Trong thdi gian dau ap dung, san lygng khai thac cua 16 chg chya dat dygc theo cdng suit thilt k l la do dilu kien dia chit khu vye 16 chg ap dung phyc tap nhu' g6c doc Idn. nydc nhieu.
vach tryc tiep xuIng eye bg... va mdt phin nguyen nhan ehu quan khi phan xydng chya dap yng kip thdi vat lieu phyc vy eong tac khai thac cho Id chg. Tuy nhien. qua trinh ap dung cong nghe khai thac buong 16 chg. dilu khiln da
vach bing dai try than bao v? tai via 11(46) dam bao an toan trong dieu ki$n khai thac via die. da vach khd sap do. Dy kiln khi khai thac hit mgt cgt (tygng dygng vdi 5 dai khiu). da vach khu vyc 16 chg sap do triet d l , se chuyln sang so do eong nghe khai thac 16 chg bac chan khay xien cheo. dieu khien da vach bang pha hoa toan phin.
4. Kit luan
Ti> c i c phSn tich. tinh toan vA k i t qua ap dung tai via 11(46) tren cho thiy. so vdi sg d l cdng nghe khai thac buIng -16 chg da ap dyng cho c i c khu vyc e6 da vach b i n vyng. kho sip do tai cac mo ham 16 vung Quang Ninh, sg d l cdng ngh$ khai thic va giai phap dilu khien d i vich d l xuit i p dyng cho dilu kien via 11(48) cd c i c yu diem la giam thdi gian chuyln dien, t i n thit than, chi phi go, nang cao nang suit lao ddng. Nhygc dilm cua cdng nghe la chi phi met Id chuin bj eon eao.
Giai doan tilp theo, vide i p dyng sg do cdng nghe khai thac cgt dai theo phygng dilu khiln d i vich bang cac dai try than k i t hgp try bio ve nhan tao se nang cao hgn nOa hieu qua khai thac va khic phuc cae kho khan trong dilu kien da vach bin vi/ng khd sap d l thugc vfa 11(46).
K i t qua ap dyng cua cdng nghe la d|nh hydng i p dung cho c i c khu vyc da vich khd sap do, ed dilu kien tugng t y tai cac md h i m Id vCing Quang Ninh./.
Tai li^u tham khao:
1 ThS. Trin Tuan Ngan v i nnk (2016), Bio do
"Nghiin CLFU ii/a chon cdng nghd hop /j? vi lip thiit ki bin ve thi cing khai thic Id chp *30/-1SO via 11(46) khu Tring Khe, Cdng ty than Udng Bl". Vi6n Khoa hpc C6ng nghe Md - Vinacomin.
2. "Thiit ki bin ve thi cdng ip dung thCr nghiim cdng nghd khai thic chdng glO Id cho bing cdt TLB + xi kh&p cho dliu kien khu vuc cd di vich sip di dang khdi l&n, gdc ddc tren 35° tai ii chp iil-10-2 muc
*30/*115 via 10 khu Tring Khd ill - Cdng ty than Hdng Thii" ViSn Khoa hpc Cdng nghe Mo - Vinacomin.
3. PGS TS. PhCing Manh Bic v i nnk (2002), SSo cSo tong kit de tSi: "Nghidn ciiu lua chon cdng ngh$
khai thic vi phuang phip diiu khiin ip luc mdhgp iy trong diiu kidn di vich bin vCrng, khd sip dd via 46 md than Hdng Thii - Cdng ty than Udng sr. Vian Khoa hpc CSng nghS Md - Vinacomin.
KHCNM S 6 I2/2015*CNKT HAM LO
