KHOA HOC C 6 H G H G H £
hflOT 5 d KFT QUA OAlVH GIA BLJOC DAU VE GIA TR!
DIIXIH DUOIXIG IXIGUdiM GIEIV CA MAT QUY [SYlMAIVCEtA VERRUCOSA BLOCH & SCHIXIEIDER, 1 8 0 1 )
V6 Tli^ Diing^, VO lh\ Duog^, Duong Vin Sang^, Nguygn Tl^nT^linh^ H u ^ Ngpc Hoing TVang^
T6MTAT
Ca Mat quy l i loai c6 thit thom ngon, b6 duOng, duoc nhi^u ngirdi tiSu diing trfin th^ gidi ua chudng. Hifin nay, chua c6 cdng ngh^ sin xuit gidng v i nudi thuong pham loai ca nay, do dd, sin lugng hoin t o ^ phu thudc vio vi^c khai thic tu nhi^n. D i d i ^ tra tai cac ddu n i u buon b ^ loai ca nay nhim scr b0 d^nh gii gii tri kinh td. Nghidn cuu ciing thuc hi^n p h ^ tich thanh phan cac chat protein, tro, lipit, axit b6o, axit amin trong thit c i nhim dinh gii gii tri dinh dudng ciia loai c i dac san nay. Kdt q u i dieu tra tai cic diu niu cho fli^, sin luong ca tai cac tinh Khdnh Hda, Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuin dao ddng 9.472 - 14.953 kg vdi gii tri u6c tinh dao ddng 6.630 -10.467 t r i ^ d6ng. Kdt qui nghiSn cuu thinh phan thit c i cho thiy, protein chidm khoing 18,37%, tro khoing 1,03%, lipit khoSng 8,82%, c6 4 loai axit b6o khic nhau (SFA, MUFA, PUFA, HUF/y chidm khoSng 7,03 m g / k g thit ci, c6 16 loai asdt amin (Alanin, glyxin, valin, leuxin, isoleuxin, threonin, serin, prolin, asparagin, methionin sulfoxit, 4-Hydroxyprolin, glutamin, phenylalanin, lyxin, histidin, tyroxin) chidm khoang 147.741,62 mg/kg thit ci.
Tir khda: Ci MSt quy, san xudt gidng, protein, axit bio, axit amin.
1. OAT VAN «
Khai thie thuy san da va dang mang lai ngudn Ici ldn khdng chi v6 kinh ti m i ca v^ xa hdi, tuy nhien phit tri^n khai thie qui mtie l i mdt ti-ong nhflng nguydn nhin chinh lim kidt que ngudn lpi, cd thd lim m^t ban mdt sd loii. Nhin thue duoc vin dd niy, nhidu qudc gia da chii ddng bio tdn khai thic v i phit tridn nhiJng ngudn gien ed gii tri kinh td, quy hidm, ed nguy co tuydt chiing ngoii tu nhidn (FAO, 2009). Bao tdn nguon gien l i duy tri eo s d v i t ehit di tiTiydn, duy tri k h i ning bidn di qua e i c thd hd, lam CO sd cho vide khai thie v i phit tridn ehung khi ed nhu ciu. 6 nude ta, d i cd nhidu ngudn gien qui hidm dupe luu giu v i khai thie ed kdt qua, vi du ca song da bio, ci song vua (Nguydn Van Hiing v i cdng su, 2009). Thinh cdng tijr e i c chuong trinh niy cin dupe nhin rdng ddi vdi cie loii thuy san khie.
Ci M§t quy {Synanceia verrucosa Bloch &
Schneider, 1801) ed thit thorn ngon, bd dudng ndn dugc nhidu ngudi tidu dimg ua chudng, du gii ban tidn till tiudng ed khi ldn ddn h-fin 1 triSu ddng/kff (Vo "Hid Dung v i cdng su, 2012). Kdt qua didu h-a cho thiy, sin lupng cua loii niy dang giim di nhanh chdng (Vo TTid Diing v i cdng su, 2011), ehinh vi tiid, vi^c bio tdn, luu giO v i phit tridn ngudn gien loii e i niy li hdt siie ein thidt TUy nhien, hidn vin chua cd nghidn cuu nio dinh g i i G3ng thd gia tri ngudn gien
eua loii dd lim ca sd cho vide xiy dung chuong trinh bio tdn va phit tridn ngudn gien loii c i niy. Dd tinic hien dupe mue tieu trfin, nghien cuu niy d i thue hidn didu tra thu thip thdng tin tii eic diu niu budn bin c i , ddng thdi phin tich thinh phin eic chit ed trong thit e i dd danh gii gii tri dinh dudng eua loii e i niy.
2. VAT UEU VA PHUDNG PHAP NGHM Ciiu 2.1. Dia didm v i thdi gian nghien cihi
Nghien eihi dupe t h u e hien tai Vi^n Nghien euu Nudi t i ^ n g T h u y san HI, N h a T r a n g trong thdi gian tir tiiang 2/2013 ddn tiling 5./2014.
22. YhxBJog p h i p nghien cihi
2£.l. Phuong phip diiu tra: Loii e i niy l i Ioai sin cd gia ban cao, dupe tieu thu chii ydu qua eic n h i hing/khich san, khdng bin d cic cha dia phuong v i san luong liiiai thie thip, dupe tieu thu qua trung gian lii cac dici niu dia phuong, do dd, nghidn cuu niy lira chon phuong phip didu tra qua eae diu nau b dia phuong. Thire hien didu ti-a theo danh sich dupe chpn ngiu nhien, sir dung cie bing eau hdi dupe thidt kd sin nhu sau:
' Vif n Nghifin cuu Nudi tring Thuy sin lU
^D^i hpc Nha Trang
BtTAICAMATQUtiMAUDlfeUTRAVfecAMAToUY M A U S 6 : DN {diia tra & nh&ng ngu&i thu mua 1. Thdng tin chung
Ho v i ten ngudi phdng vin:
Dia ehi:
Hp v i ten ngudi tra ldi:
N 6 N G NGHlfP VA PHAT TEl^N N 6 N G THON - KY 2 - THANG 9/2014
111
KHOA HOC CdNG NGH|
Dia chi:
Ngay didu tra:
2. Thdng tin vd e i Mat quy
Anh/Chi da thu mua loai ca niy may nam rdi?...
Mua vu thu mua?
Mdi thing thu mua dupe bao nhieu?
Mdi nam thu mua duoe bao nhieu?
Kich thude c i thudng mua dupe?
Gia ca nhu the nio?
Anh/Chi thudng bin e i di nhimg dau?
Cd bao nhidu thuyen/ngudi khai tiiic ban c i eho Anh/Chi?
2.2.2. Phuong phip phin tich thanh phdn dinh dudng trong thit d
- Miu e i phuc vu phin tich.
- 30 ca the c i cdn sdng binh tiiuong, dupe thu gom true tidp tir cac dau niu tai Khinh Hda tir thing 5/2013 den thing 3/2014, dupe vin ehuyen sdng ve lim mlu phan tich tai Vidn Nghidn euu Nudi trdng Thuy sin III, Nha Trang dd phan tieh.
Bing 1: Mlu e i dung dd phin tich thinh phin eic chit quan frpng trong thjt e i M i t quy Sd luong mlu
30
Chidu dii (mm) 267 ± 37
Khdi luong (g) 870 ±157 - Dinh lupng protein: Su dung quy trinh duoe quy dinh trong Tidu chuan Viet Nam sd TCVN 4328- 1:2007.
- Dinh luong lipit: Diing phuong phap dinh luong lipit tdng sd theo Tieu chuan Viet Nam sd TCVN 4331:2001.
- Dinh luong tro: theo Tieu chuan Viet Nam sd TCVN 4327:2007.
- Dinh lupng axit beo; b i n g phuong phap este hda v i sac ky khi (GC).
- Dinh lupng axit amm: bing phuong phap sic kykhi(GC).
2.3. Phuong p h i p xii ly sd Udu
Sd hdu dieu tra vd san lugng: sd heu san lupng thu mua dupe eua cic dau niu trong mdi linh duoc diing dd tinh g i i tri trung binh cho mdi dau n^u trong tinh dd, diing sd lieu n i y dem nhin vdi tdng s6 dau niu eua mdi tinh de dupe san lupng ude tinh thu mua dupe tai tinh dd.
A=Sl/Nl;St=A*Nt
Trong dd: A l i san luong trung binh ude tinh cua mdi dau nau tai mdi tinh (kg); Sl la tdng san lupng (kg) cua tat ca eac dau niu trong mdi tinh d i tii 16i ciu hoi; N l l i tdng sd dau niu d mdi tinh da tra 16i cau hoi (dau niu); St l i tong san lupng ude tinh tai tinh do (kg); Nt la tdng sd diu nau thu mua ca Mat quy tai mdi tinh; Gia tri san luong khai tiiac (tildu ddng) dupe tinh nhu sau:
V = St*0,7 (tridu)
Trong do: V l i gia tri khai thac, tinh bing tii^u ddng; 0,7 tridu/kg l i gia ban trdng binh loii ca ndy tai cie ddu niu.
3. KFT QUA NGHEN CUU VA TTlAO LUAN
3.1. Tlnh hinh khai thic, su d^ng v i thiroi^ mgi s i n p h ^
Ket qui didu tra cho thay, c i Mat quy phan b^
ehii ydu d cic vung bien cua eic tinh tir Phu Yen d^n Binh Thuan, cd dp s i u 3-30 m nude, do die tinh di chuyen chim, gii b i n cao, ndn dd hi khai thac. Hidn cd khoang 168 ngu dan eua cac tinh Phu Yen, Khanh Hda, Ninh Thuin va Binh Thuin khai thac lo^ ca nay, chu yeu bing hinh thiic lan bit.
Khu vuc dieu tra Khanh Hoa Ninh Thuan Binh Thuan
B^ing 2. Ude tinh sdn luong v i gii tii qua viec di^u ti-a tu cdc ddu ndu So luong dau nau ti-a loi phong van/tong so dau
nau CO buon ban ca Mat quy tai dia phuong 11/20
2/5 5/9
Uoc tinh san luong (kg) 4.272-6.363 700-1.750 4.50(M.840
Uoc tinh gid tri (trifeu dong) 2.9904.454
490-1.225 3.1504.788 Bang 2 cho thay, sin luong c i uoc tinh khai thae
tir cac dau niu tham gia tra ldi cau hdi phdng van d cac tmh Khinh Hda, Ninh Thuin v i Binh Thuin dao dpng 9.472 - 14.953 kg voi gia tri ude tinh dao dpng 6.630 - 10.467 trieu dong. Nhu vay, so vdi cac loai c i khac, san luong cua loii c i nay hien chi cdn rat thap, loai ca nay di chuyen chim, nen de bi danh bat, cd thd diy chinh la mdt trong nhung nguyen nhan lam suy giam ngudn lpi nhanh chdng. Didu dd cho thay
su can thiet phai cd phuong i n bao tdn, phat trien ngudn gien eua loii dd phue vu nhu cau ngiy cang tang cua x i hdi, gdp phin dam b i o duy tri su da dang sinh hoe cua cac quan thd sinh vit bidn v i dSm bio su tdn tai cua loii cho c i e muc dich nghidn cuu ph^
tridn trong tuong lai.
Bang 3 cho thay, thinh phan- protein trong M^
e i tuong ddi cao, khoang 18,37% so vdi 17,40% 6 ci Bdp {Rachycention canadum Linnaeus, 1766) !wy 112 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 9/201-^
KHOA HOC CdHG H G H |
17,80% d e i T r ^ co {Ctenopharyngodon ideila Valenciennes, 1844) (Bd Thiiy san, 1996); d titit cua nhidu loii c i khic dao ddng 10,30 - 24,40 % (Murray and Burt, 2011), thim chi cdn eao hon ca c i hdi (18,0096) (Pham Ngpc Tri, 2002).
3.2. Ihinh p h ^ dinh duOng trong thit c i Mit q i ^ Bing 4: Tbinh phAn c i c ch^t quan trpng trong thit
cA Mat q i y C h i t i f t i
Protein T r o U p i t Axit b e o Axit amin
D o n v i t i n h
% %
% %
m g / k g
T r u n g b i n h 18,37±0,49
1,03±0,11 8,82±0,41 80,21±4,77 147.534,26t2.351,32
ddng 1,05 mg/kg (PUFA) - 2,23 mg/kg (HUFA) trong thit ci. Nhin chung ty le k h i ein ddi giCra cic loai axit bdo khic nhau, didu niy r i t ed lpi cho sue khde ngudi tidu dung v i cing lim ting gii tri ciia thit e i Mat quy (Wejendran v i Hayes, 2004; Simopoulos, 2002). Tdng lucmg axit heo trong thit e i l i 7,03 mg/kg. Ham hipng niy eao hon ea c i hdi va tirong duong vdi c i thu (Pham Ngoc Tri, 2002).
Bing 6: Thinh p h ^ cic axit amin trong fliitci Mat qi^
Tuong tu nhu thd, thinh phan hpit trong thit c i ciing rat eao, khoang 8,82% so vdi 2,50% d e i Thu cham {Scomberomorus guttatus Bloch, 1801), hay 5,80% d c i Trim cd, d nhidu Ioai ca Idiie dao ddng 0,10-5,40% (Bd Thuy sin, 1996) v i cao hon e i siia (Ph?un Ngpc Tri, 2002). Lipit Ii nguon cung cap ning luong tdt, mac du lipit d nhidu loii ddng vit cd thd giy hidn tupng miu nhidm md, giy tae mach miu d ngudi; ngupc l^i lipit tir c i khdng ed han chd nay, thim ehl cdn cd thd gdp phan hda tan nhiing lipit khic, giim sii nhidm md d miu; Upit tir c i cung chiia nhidu omega-3 vi DHA, nhimg chat cd tie dung tdt ddi vdi siic khde con ngudi (Pham Ngpc Tri, 2002).
Him lupng axit amin eiia c i mat quy khoang 147.534 mg/kg (tuong duong khoing 15%), him lupng niy cung tuong ddi cao, so vdi mdt sd loii c i bidn ed gii tri kinh td khie, vi du e i ehim trang ehi dat 13,4% (Ld Thi Hdng Hio vi edng su, http;//viendinhduong.vn/ research).
Bing 5: Thinh phAn cic axit bdo faX)ngttiitciM$tqii^
Chi ueu SFA M U F A PUFA HUFA T 3 n g s 6
D o n vi tinh m g / k g m g / k g m g / k g m g / k g m g / k g
T r u n g b i n h 1,78±0,09 1,96±0,19 1,05*0,04 2,23±0,08 7,03±0,18
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Axit amin Alanin Glyxin Valin Leuxin Isoleuxin Tlireonin Serin Prolin A s p a i a ^ Methionin sullfoxit
4-Hydroxyprolin Glutamin Phenylalanin
Lyzin Histidin Tyroxin Tong s6
Don vitinh m g / k g m g / k g m g / k g m g / k g m g / k g m g / k g m g / k g m g / k g m g / k g m g / k g m g / k g m g / k g m g / k g m g / k g m g / k g m g / k g M g / k g
Trung binh 4.107,42± 303,41 3.120,62±289,19 7.577,33±563,78 17.015,99i721,55 5.042,204325,75 7.589,734551,85 6.787,iat469,79 5520,12±427,48 15.693,14±892,44 5.880,67±355,51 11.513,151806,13 9.020,15±1.594,80 4.031.681223,90 17801,66±1.470,28
3.020,46±192,28 23.278,95il.685,18 147.741.62*2.418,66
Cic axit bdo tCi e i cd vai trd het siic quan trpng trong ddi sdng con ngudi. Mdt nghidn cuu gan diy eho tiily, vide thidu hyt ngudn axit beo ttr ei, die bidt li cic axit bdo o>-3 da gia ting nhidu bdnh nguy hidm ddi vdi ngudi My, trong dd ed ca cic bdnh vd tim mach (Papanikolaou et al., 2014). Bing 5 eho tii^y, tiiit e i Mit quf cd chiia c i axit bdo no (SFA) v i 3 lo?i axit bdo chua no (MUFA, PUFA v i HUFA) vdi h i m lupng dao
Bing 6 cho Ihay, thit e i Mit quy ed 16 loai axit amin khic nhau, trong dd cd 8 lo?i axit amin khdng thay thd ddi vdi con ngudi (Valin, leuxin, isoleuxui, threonin, methyonin, phenylalanin, lyzin vi histidin), cd r i t it loii c i cd nhidu loai axit amin khdng thay thd nhu trudng hop niy (Simopoulos, 2002). Cac axit amin ehinh l i tiiinh phdn quan trpng nhit quydt dinh chat lupng tiiuc phlm (Wu, 2010; FAO, 2002).
Trong trudng hpp niy, luong axit amin rat eao vi k h i can ddi giira eae thinh phin, didu niy dim bao eho thit ea Mat quy ed gii trj hon vi dupe ngudi tidu dung ua chudng hon so vdi cic loii c i khie (Simopoulos, 2002; Strobel et al., 2012).
4.KErUJ^
Thit e i cd chit lupng cao vdi him lupng protein, hpit, cie axit beo vi axit amin ddu eao, trong dd cd 8 loai axit amin khdng tiiay tiid ddi vdi eon ngudi. C ^ phat tridn nudi dd ting sin lupng, dip ung tdt hon nhu c^u ciia ddi sdng con ngudi.
San lupng e i hi&n khdng cdn nhidu, vi thd, nghidn eiiu sin xuit gidng, bao tdn luu giu ngudn gien li hdt siic eln thidt.
N 6 N G NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - Kt 2 - THANG 9/2014 113
KHOA HOC C 6 H G NGHi
TAI Uai THAM KHAO
1. Bd Thuy sin, 1996. Cic tieu chuan vd chat lupng va an toin vd sinh thuy san. N h i xuat bin Ndng nghidp. H i Ndi. 500 ti-ang.
2. Vd The Dung, Nguydn Cao Lde, Le Thi Thu Huong, Vd Thi Dung, Pham Qudc Himg, 2012. Thu nghi&m sinh san nhan tao ca Mat quy {Synanc^a verrucosa Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Tap chi Ndng nghiep va Phit trien ndng tiidn. S6 09/2012. Trang 81-85.
3. Vd Thd Diing, Ld Thi Thu Huomg, va Vd Thi Dung, 2011. Mdt sd die didm sinh hpc cua c i Mat quy {Synanceia verrucosa Bloch and Schneider, 1801) thu duoc b khu vuc Nam Trung bd. Tap chi Ndng nghiep v i Phit tiien ndng tiidn, 10/2011: 68-74.
4. Nguydn Vin Hiing, Le Quy Bdn, Nguydn Van Dung, v i Ishibashi Norihita. Nghien eiiu mdt sd die didm sinh hpc sinh san ca song da bao {Plectiopomus leopadui) b vimg bidn Nha Trang, Khinh Hda. Trang 445453. In trong T u y e n tip cic cdng trinh nghien cuu khoa hpc v i cdng ngh& ciia Vien Nghien ciru Nudi trdng Thuy sin III giai doan 2005-2009". Nhi Xuat ban Ndng nghiep, 2009.
5. Pham Ngoc Tri, 2002. Tir didn y hpc Anh - Viet. Nha xuat ban Y hoc. 1.157 trang.
6. Tidu chuan Vi6t Nam sd TCVN 4328-1:2007.
7. Tidu chuan Viet Nam sd TCVN 4331:2001.
8. Ti&u chuan Vidt Nam sd TCVN 4327:2007.
9. FAO, 2009. Animal Genetic Resources a Global Programme for Sustainable Development.
Rome, 143 pp.
10. FAO, 2002. Protein and amino acid requuement m Human nutiition. Technical report Series 935,265 pp.
11. \A Thi Hong Hao, H i Thi Anh Dao, Nguydn Thuy Dung. Ham lupng axit amin trong mdt sd loai c i Viet Nam, http://viendmhduong.vn/researcli /en/9/28/ham-luong-acid-aniin-trong-mot-so-loai-ca- viet-nam.aspx.
12. Murray J., Burt J. R., 2011, The Composition of fish, http://www.fao.org/wairdoes/tan/x5916e/if 5916e01.htin.
13. Papanikolaou Y., Brooks J., Reider C, Fulgoni n i V. L., 2014. US adults are not meeting recomended levels for fish and a)-3 fatty aeid intakes:
results of analysis using observational data from NHANES 2003-2008. Nutrition Joumal 13:31-36.
14. Simopoulos A P., 2002. The important of tiie ratio of omegar6/omega-3 essential fatty acids.
Biomedieine Pharmaeother 56: 365-379.
15. Sti-obel C , Jahreis G., Kuhnt K, 2012. Survey of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish and fish products. lipids in Health and Disease 11:141-154.
16. Wejendran V., Hayes K. C , 2004. Dietary ii-6 and n-3 fatty acid balance and cardiovascular health.
Annual Review Nutrition 24: 597-615.
17. Wu G., 2010. Functional amino acids in grovrth, reproduction and health. Advances in Nutrition 1: 31-37.
PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF GENETIC SOURCE VALUE OF STONE FISH {SYNANCEIA VERRUCOSA^IXIQ^ & SCHNEIDER, 1801)
Vo The Dung, Vo Thi Dung, Duong Van Sang, Nguyen Tien Thanh, Huynh Ngoc Hoang TVang Summary
Stone fish meet is delicious, nutritious and favounte to many consumers over the world. To date, there is no artificial breeding and grow-out technology for this species, therefor, its product completely relied on the wild resource exploitation. This study survey on middle man that do the business on this species, aiming at preliminary evaluation of economic value. This study also analysis composition of protein, ash, lipid, fatty acid and amino acid in the meet to evaluate nutritious value of the species. Results of middle man survey show that, production in Khanh Hoa, Ninh Thuan, Bmh Thuan varied from 9,472 to 14,953 kg, with a value of 6,630 - 10,467 millions VND. Results of fish meet examining show that, protein account for 18.37%, ash account for 1.0356, lipid account for 8.82%, tiiere are 4 fatty acid (SFA, MUFA PUFA HUFA) account for 7.03 mg/kg of meet, 16 amino acid (Alanine, glycine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, serine, proline, asparagine, methionine sulfoxide, 4-hydroxyproline, glutamine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, tyrosine) account for 147.741,62 mg/kg of the meet
Keywords: Stone Ssh, arii&cial breedmg, protein, fatty acid, amino acid.
Ngudi phin bi§n: TS. Nguy&n Quang Hiing N g i y n h i n bii: 20/6/2014
Ngiy tiidng qua phin bi§n: 21/7/2014 Ngiy duydt ding: 28/7/2014
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 9/2014
