BAO DAM PHAP LY Q U Y E N KHIEU NAI CUA VIEN CHlTC TRONG DON VI SlT NGHIEP CONG LAP THEO
LUAT KHI£U N ^ I NAM 2011
Vd T&n Dao*
Ho Quanh Chdnh**
Tdm tat: Bdi viet phdn tich, binh luan cdc quy dinh cita Ludt Khieu ngi ndm 2011 lien quan den viec bdo ddm phdp ly quyen khieu ngi eua vien chuc trong cdc dan vi su nghiep cong lap nhu ddi tuang, thdi hieu, hinh thuc vd thit tuc khieu ngi; ddng thdi chi ra mdt sd diem bdt cap, hgn che vd dua ra kien nghi nhdm hodn thien quy dinh cua phdp ludt ve vdn de ndy.
Abstract: The article analyzes and discusses provisions of the 2011 Law on Complaints related to legal guarantees of the right to complaint of public employees in public non-business units, namely subjects, statute of limitations, forms and procedure of complaints; thereby it points out shortcomings and makes recommendations to perfect the law on this matter.
1. Din nh^p
QuySn khieu nai eua vien chuc duac hiSu Id mpt bo phdn cua quyin kbiSu nai ndi chung xudt phat tu hai yeu td co bdn la chu
\hk thire hien viec khieu nai vd ddi tucmg khiSu nai. Theo dd, quyen khi^u nai d pham vi rdng dupe thuc thi bdi cdc chu the la ca nhdn, ca quan, td chdc khi bi xdm pham ve quyen va lgi ich hop phdp bdi cdc quyet dinh hdnh ehinh, hdnh vi hdnh chinh do co quan nhd nude, ngudi cd tham quyen trong CO quan hdnh chinh nhd nude ban hdnh, thuc bien^ Song, quyin khieu nai cua vien chdc chi dat ra ddi vdi chu thS Id vien chdc trong cdc dan vi su nghiep cdng lap khi ed cdc quyit dinh ky ludt xdm pham dSn quyen va lai ieh hpp phdp cua hp. Ddi tupng khieu
• ThS., Khoa Luat Hanh chinh - Nha nude, Tmong Deii hpc Luat Tp. H6 Chi Minh.
" ThS., Thanh tra vien Thanh tra Quan 12, Tp. H6 Chi Minh.
'Khoan 1 Dieu2LuatKhi£u nai nam 2011.
nai trong quyen khieu nai ndi chung ve bdn chdt la cdc quyit dinh hdnh chinh, hanh vi hdnh ehinh dupe thuc hien trong boat ddng qudn ly nhd nude khi ddp ung cdc dieu kien nhdt dinh^. Nguae lai, ddi tupng khieu nai eua cdc chu the mang tu each la vien chdc trong cdc dan vi su nghiep cdng lap chinh Id quyit dinh ky ludt do ehu thi cd thdm quyin dp dung ddi vdi hp.
^ Cac quyet dinh hanh chinh, hanh vi hanh chinh la doi tugng khieu nai bao gom: (i) Quyet dinh hanh chinh la van ban do ca quan hanh chinh nha nude hoac ngu6i co thdm quyen trong co guan hanh chinh nhi nude ban hanh dl quySt dinh ve mpt van de cu t\ih trong hoat dpng quan ly hanh chinh nha nuoc dirge ap dung mpt \h\ d6i vai mpt hoSc m6t so doi tupng cy the (khodn 8 Di6u 2); (ii) Hanh vi hanh chinh la hanh vi ciia ea quan hanh ehinh nha nuac, ciia nguai c6 thdm quyin trong ca quan hanh chinh nha nude thuc hien lioac khong thue hi6n nhiem vu, cong vy theo quy dinh ciia phap luat (khoan 9 Dieu 2). D6i tuong khiSu nai khong bao gom cac quyet dinh hanh chinh, hanh vi hanh chinh mang tinh chat npi bp, quy pham theo quy dinh tai khoan 1 Dieu 11 Luat Khiiu nai nam 2011.
Yi/i/c y/i rnjin^u^i au t/^uzit Ve mat ban chat, bao ddm phdp ly vi quyen khieu nai cua vien chuc trong cdc don vi su nghiep edng lap dudi gdc dp Ludt Khieu nai ndm 2011 (Ludt Khiiu nai 2011) ed the hieu mdt each chung nhdt Id tdng thi nhiing quy dinh cua Ludt Khiiu nai 2011 gdp phdn tao hdnh lang phdp ly thdng thodng, thuc ddy khd nang thuc thi va tinh hieu qua cua viec thuc thi quyin khiiu nai cua vien chdc. Qua do gdp phdn bdo ddm, bao ve quyen vd lai ich hop phdp cua vien chuc khi ddi mat vdi cdc quyet dinh ky ludt sai trai dien ra trong cdc dan vi su nghiep edng lap vdi nhieu ly do khdc nhau. Quan niem bao ddm phdp ly ve quyen khieu nai cua vien chuc trong cdc dan vi su nghiep cdng lap dudi gdc dp Luat Khieu nai 2011 md chung tdi dua ra trong pham vi bai viit nay chi dung lai d viec xem xet nhimg quy dinh cua Luat Khiiu nai 2011 lien quan den kha ndng ddp ung va hieu qud thuc hien quyen khieu nai cua vien chuc nhu: Ddi tucmg khieu nai, thdi hieu khiSu nai, hinh thiic va thu tuc khieu nai. Ben canh dd, trong pham vi bai viet, chung tdi khdng de cap din quyin khieu nai cua vi^n chuc vdi tu cdch la cdng ddn tham gia vao boat dpng qudn ly cua Nhd nude - ddi tupng qudn ly ma chi bdn din quyin khiiu nai vdi tu each la vien chuc.
2. Nhirng quy djnh cua Ludt Khieu nai nam 2011 bao dam quyen khiiu nai cda vi§n chuc trong d<m vi su nghiep cdng Idp
Hien nay, Ludt Khiiu n^i 2011 khdng quy djnh mdt cdch cu thi vi quyin khieu nai cua vien chuc trong cac dan vi su nghiep cdng Idp ddi vdi quyit dinh ky ludt duac dp dung vdi hp^ Theo do, ndi dung 3 Ouy dinh tai khoan 1 DiSu 2 Luat Khiiu nai 2011 thi hiSn: "Khiiu nai la viee c6ng dan, ctf quan, to
nay duac di cap trong Chuang 2 cua Nghi dinh sd 75/2011/ND-CP ngay 03/12/2012 cua Chinh phu quy dinh ehi tiit mdt sd dieu eua Ludt Khiiu nai (Nghi dinh sd 75/2012/ND-CP) vi khiiu nai, gidi quyet khiiu nai trong don vi su nghiep cdng lap, doanh nghiep nha nude. Cu thi nhu sau:
Viec khiiu nai quyit dinh ky ludt can bp, cdng chue, vien chuc; thdi hieu khieu n^i;
thdi ban gidi quyit khiiu nai; thdm quySn gidi quyit khiiu nai; trinh tu, thu tuc giai quyit khiiu nai ddi vdi quyet dinh ky ludt eua edng chuc, vien chdc trong cae dan vi su nghiep cdng Idp, ngudi lao ddng trong doanh nghiep nha nude thuc hi?n theo quy dinh vi khiiu nai, gidi quyit khiiu nai quy6t dinh ky ludt can bo, cdng chdc tai Chuang IV cua Ludt Khiiu nai va Nghi dinh nay (Diiu 4 Nghi dinh sd 75/2012/ND-CP). Di xem xet viec bao ddm phdp ly eua Luat khiiu nai 2011 vdi quyin khiiu nai cua vien chuc trong cdc dan vi su nghiep cdng lap cdn thdng qua cac quy dinh nhu sau:
Thu nhdt, ddi tuang khiiu nai Ddi tucmg khiiu nai cua vien chuc trong cac dan vi su nghiep cdng lap nhu da de cap d tren la quyet dinh ky ludt dupe dp dung ddi vdi hp. Theo do, quygt dinh ky ludt la quyet dinh bang van bdn cua ngudi diing dau ca quan, td chuc de dp dung mpt
chuc hoac can b?, cong chuc theo thii tuc do Luat nay quy dinh, dl nghi ca quan, t6 chuc, ca nhan co tham quyen xem xet lai quyet dinh hanh chinh, hanh vi hanh chinh ciia co quan hanh chinh nha nuoc ciia nguoi eo tham quyen trong co quan hanh chinh nha nuoc hoac quyet dinh ky luat can bo, eong chiic khi CO can cu cho rang quyet dinh hoac hanh vi do la trai phap luat, xara pham quyin, lgi ieh hop phdp ciia minh". Nhu vay, thong qua quy dinh nay c6 the thiy Luat Khiiu nai chua dl eSp din ehii thi thirc hiSii viec khiiu nai la vi6n chiic vdi tu each la chi thi bi xara pham bai cae quyet djnh ky luat trong cac dan vi su nghiep cong lap.
BAO DAM PHAP LY..
trong cae hinh thdc ky luat ddi vdi vien chiie thudc quyin qudn ly cua minh theo quy dinh cua phdp ludt ve viSn chdc*. Ludt Khiiu nai 2011 quy dinh quyet dinh ky ludt md vien chue dupe quyen khieu nai phdi dupe the hien dudi hmh thuc bang van bdn ve the thiic the hien Id "quyet dinh" md khdng bao gdm cac the thuc khdc cung khd phd bien hiSn nay nhu cdng van, thdng bao, ket ludn... Dieu nay dua tren su thdng nhdt vd tuang thich giua phdp ludt khieu nai vdi phdp ludt vien chuc. Vi rang theo quy dinh tai Diiu 20 Nghi dinh sd 27/2012/ND-CP ngdy 06/04/2012 eua Chinh phd quy dinh vi xd ly ky ludt vien chuc vd trdch nhiem bdi : thudng, hoan trd cua vien chiic (Nghi dinh 1 sd 27/2012/ND-CP), thi thuc cua vdn ban I chua dung ndi dung dp dung cac hinh thuc ) ky ludt ddi vdi vien chdc dupe ghi nhdn Id , "quyet dinh ky ludt". Ngoai ra, theo quy i dinh cua Ludt Khiiu nai 2011, khi vien
\ chdc hi dp dung bat ky mdt trong cdc hinh thuc ky ludt ndo thi hp deu cd quyen khieu nai. Ddi vdi vien chuc khdng giu ehiie vu qudn ly, hp ed quyen khieu nai vdi ba hinh , thue ky ludt sau: (i) Khiin trdch, (ii) Cdnh cdo, (iii) Bupc thdi viec; vdi vien chuc giu ehiic vu qudn ly^, hp cd quyen khieu nai vdi bdn hinh thuc ky ludt sau: (i) Khiin trdch, (ii) Cdnh cdo, (iii) Cach chuc, (iv) Bupc thdi
'' ViSn dan dua theo quy dinh tai khoan 10 Dilu 2 Luat Khiiu nai 2011: "Quyit dinh ky lu§tla quyit dinh bang van ban cua nguai diing dau co quan, td chirc de ap dung mot trong cac hinh Ihiic ky luat doi vdi can bp, cong chiic thupc quyen quan ly ctia minh theo quy djnh eiia phap luat ve can bp, cong chiic".
^ ViSn chiic qudn lyla ngudi dugc bo nhiem giii chiic vu qudn ly cd thdi hg.n, chju traeh nhiSm diSu hanh, to chuc thuc hien mot hoac mpt so cong viee trong dan vi su nghiep eong lap nhung khong phai la cong chiic va dugc hudng phu cip chiic vu quan ly (Khoan 1 Dilu 3 Lu^t Vien chiie nam 2010).
viee^. Thuc chdt, quyit dinh ky ludt vien chuc cung chinh la mpt dang thuc cua quyit dinh hdnh chinh, nhung cd nhiing dac diim rieng vd lien quan din ddi tupng kha dac thu dd la vien chuc trong he thdng cdc dan vi su nghiep cdng lap thuc hien dich vu cdng. Do vay, phdp luat da quy dinh theo hudng tdch biet ddi tupng khiiu nai Id quyit dinh ky ludt vien ehiic rieng, di tu do cd ca sd rd rdng hem trong viee quy dinh vi thdm quyen, thdi ban, thdi hieu, quy trinh gidi quyet khiiu nai... Hon nua, thi chi cdng vu cdn phai duac thuc thi vd van hanh mpt each lien tuc, dn dinh, tranh tinh trang khiiu nai eua vien chuc diin ra mpt each trdn lan hodc dupe gidi quyet trong thdi gian qua ldu, it nhdt ve mat hinh thuc ciing ed the 1dm tre nai vd gidm hieu sudt cua he thdng.
Cung can thay rang, trong qud trinh thuc hien cdc nhiem vu, edng vu duac Nhd nude trao quyen, bSn canh quyet dinh ky luat, vien chiic co the chiu su tdc dpng bdi nhieu quyet dinh khdc nhau dnh hudng den quyen va lpi ieh hpp phdp cua minh nhu: Quyet djnh biet phai; ket luan ddnh gid, phdn loai vi6n chuc; quyet dinh tam dinh chi cdng tdc... Song, ddi tupng de vien chuc khieu nai nhdm di nghi chu the co thdm quyen xem xet lai tinh hpp phdp va tinh hpp ly khi ban hdnh, thuc hien chi bao gdm quyet dinh ky ludt ma thdi. Cd quan diim cho rdng, ludt khdng quy dinh nhiing quyet dinh tren cd thi bi khiiu nai theo thu tuc, dinh tu ehung, di bao ddm su dn dinh lien tuc ne nip cua nin hdnh chinh nha nude, bdo dam boat ddng binh thudng cua cac co quan, td chuc, cdn quyit dinh ky ludt dung cham true tiip din quyin va lai ich cua hp thi hp cd quyin khiiu nai de bdo dam su dung dan
* Dilu 52 Luat Vien chiic nam 2010, Dieu 9 Nghi dinhs6 27/20i2/ND-CP.
NHA NUdc VA PHAPLUATSO 4/2020 cua quyit dinh ky ludt dd, tranh khdi sir thiet thdi''.
Thie hai, thdi hiiu khieu ngi Thai hieu khieu nai Id khoang thdi gian ma phap ludt cho phep ngudi khiSu nai thuc hien quyen khieu nai cua minh. Neu bet thdi gian ma phdp ludt da quy dinh thi ngudi khieu nai mdt quyen khieu nai cua minh^.
Nhu vdy, thdi hieu khieu nai eua vien chuc ddi vdi quyet dinh ky ludt duac hieu Id khodng thdi gian ed djnh ma phdp ludt quy dinh vien chdc thuc hien quyen khieu nai, kit thuc Ihdi gian ndy thi mdt quyen khieu nai.
Ve ban ehdt, ddy la quy dinh mang tinh rdng bupc ddi vdi vien chuc. Neu phdp ludt khdng ddt ra quy dinh ve thdi hieu khieu nai thi cd the ddn den trudng hpp khieu nai ve mpt vu viec phdt sinh tu nhieu nam trudc, quyit dinh ky luat vien chiic da duac thuc thi, nhieu he qud phdp ly keo theo va cac vdn de cd lien quan da ed nhieu bien ddi ddn din viec gidi quyet se gap nhieu khd khan.
Trong khi do, cdc dan vi su nghiep edng lap vdn dl ludn thuc hien nhung hoat ddng eung ling dich vu, phuc vu qudn ly nha nude ddi hdi phdi nhanh nhay, kip thdi. Do vdy, viec khiiu nai hay khiiu nai tiip chi cd thi duac thuc hien trong mpt khoang thdi gian nhdt dinh la diiu phu hpp.
Theo quy dinh tai Diiu 48 cua Ludt Khiiu nai 2011 thi thdi hieu khiiu nai cua vien chue ddi vdi quyet dinh ky ludt bao gdm Idn ddu vd Idn hai. Thdi hieu khiiu nai Idn ddu ctia vien chiic la 15 ngay, ke tu ngdy vien chuc nhdn dupe quyit dinh ky ludt.
D6i vdi thdi hiSu khiiu nai Idn hai, thdi gian ndy Id 10 ngdy, ki tu ngdy vien ehiic n h ^ dupe quyit dinh gidi quyit khiiu nai lan ddu. Ddi vdi quyit dinh ky ludt budc thdi viec thi thdi hieu khiiu nai Idn hai la 30 ngdy, ki tu ngay vien chue nhdn dupe quyet dinh gidi quyit khiiu nai Idn dau. Viec quy dinh thdi hieu nhu vdy xudt phat tu yeu cdu eua trinh tu gidi quyit khiiu nai vien chue ciing tuong tu nhu ddi vdi cdn bd, edng chdc la viec gidi quyit thuc hien theo nguyen tdc hai Idn gidi quyet cua co quan hdnh chinh - ngudi ra quyet dinh gidi quyet Idn ddu vd cdp tren quan ly true tiep giai quyet Idn hai^. Ngodi ra, de bdo ddm tinh khd thi eua cdc quy dinh vi thdi hieu, nhdt Id khi vien chiic khdng the tien hanh viec khiiu ngi do cdc trd ngai khdch quan mang lai, Luat Khiiu nai da xdc dinh rd trudng hpfp vien chue khdng thuc hien dupe quyen khiiu nai theo dung thdi hieu vi dm dau, thien tai, dich hpa, di cdng tac, hpc tap d nai xa hoac vi nhiing trd ngai khdch quan khac thi tiidi gian cd trd ngai do khdng tinh vdo thdi hieu khieu nai. Ddy la quy dinh rdt phu hap, tao thudn lpi eho ngudi khieu nai thuc hien quyen eua minh ma khdng bi can trd bdi nhimg ly do khach quan, ngoai tdm kiem sodt cua ngudi khieu nai^''.
Thdi gian de vien chuc thue hien quyin khieu nai lan ddu trong hdu het trudng hop se ddi hon so vdi Idn hai (15 ngdy va 10 ngay), tni trudng hap hinh thuc ky ludt bi dp dung la budc thdi viee thi thdi gian dk
'' Thanh tra Nha nuoc, Nhimg vdn de ca bdn cua Lugt Khiiu nai, td cdo. Ha Ngi, nam 1998, tr. 73.
« Tnrdng Dai hgc Luat Tp. Ho Chi Minh, Tap bai gidng Phdp ludt Thanh tra, khiiu ngi vd to cflo,_ Nxb.
Hdng Diic - H^i luat gia Viet Nam, Tp. Hd Chi Minh, nam 2017, tr. 150.
^ Thanh tra Chinh phii. Hoi ddp phdp lugt vi khiiu ngi (Tdi lieu tuyen truyin, pho biin, gido dye phdp lugt cho cdn bo, nhdn ddn a xd, phuang, thi trdn) Dian l-a33/QD-TTg, HaNoi, nam2014,tr.'59. ' '" Thanh fra Chinh phii, Tim hiiu phdp ludt vi khiiu ngi (Tdi lieu tuyin truyin, phd biin, gido due phdp ludt cho cdn bd, nhdn ddn dxa, phuang, thi trdn), Qg dn 1-1133/QD-TTg, Ha Npi, nam 2014, tr. 31 - 32!
BAO BAMPHAPLY...
vien chuc khi§u nai Idn hai se ddi ban (30 ngay). So vdi thdi biSu khieu nai Idn ddu ciia cdng ddn, ca quan, td ehiie ddi vdi quyit dinh hdnh ehinh, hanh vi hdnh ehmh (90 ngay) thi thdi gian de vien chuc khieu nai ngdn ban rdt nhieu. Dieu ndy dupe ly gidi vi vien chiic eiing tuong tu nhu cdn bd, cdng chiic, hp ed khd ndng hiSu biet phap ludt ban, niu quyit dinh ky ludt cd tinh trai phap ludt, thue su xdm pham quyen vd lpi ieh hop phdp cua minh thi hon ai bet hp phdi cd y thiic bdo ve quyen va lpi ich cua minh^^ Han nda, xudt phat tu viec thuc hien nhiem vu cdng vu trong cdc don vi su nghiep cdng lap, vien chuc neu khdng ddng y vdi quyet dinh ky ludt thi cdn cd thai dp khdn truong, kip thdi phdn ling de bdo ddm tinh thdng sudt, dn dinh, trat tu vd khd ndng bdo dam nhdn sir thuc hiSn cdng viec (neu dp dung hinh thiic ky ludt bupc thdi viec).
Thdi diem bat ddu van hdnh thdi hieu khiSu nai Idn ddu cua vien chiic la ke tu ngdy hp nhdn dupe quyet dinh ky ludt, cho dii cd the ho da biet trudc ve vi^c minh se bi dp dung hinh thiic ky ludt. Quy dinh ndy bdo dam cho cdc chu the cd the ndm bdt mpt cdch chinh xdc ndi dung cua quyet dinh ky ludt md minh khieu nai, trdnh viee khieu nai khdng cd can cu'^. Ddi vdi khieu nai Idn hai, thdi hieu duac tinh kS tu thdi diem vien chue nhdn dupe quyet dinh gidi quyet khieu nai Idn ddu.
Thu ba, hinh thuc vd thu tuc khieu ngi Hinh thdc khieu nai la cdch thuc thuc hien quyen khieu nai cua cdng ddn de bdo
ve quyin, lpi ich hpp phap cua minh'^ Theo quy dinh cua Ludt Khiiu nai 2011, hinh thuc khieu nai bao gdm hai hinh thuc la khieu nai bang don vd khiiu nai true tiip^''.
Viee quy dinh hai hinh thuc khiiu nai neu tren ve ca bdn ke thiia quy dinh cua Ludt Khieu nai, td cdo trudc ddy. Trong qua trinh xdy dung Ludt Khieu nai, cd quan diem cho rdng, trong thdi dai phdt triin vi cdng nghe thdng tin hien nay thi khdng nen gidi ban hai hinh thuc khieu nai nhu da neu md nen md rpng hinh thiie khieu nai. Chdng ban nhu quy dinh viec khieu nai cd the thuc hi$n qua dien thoai, qua thu dien td hodc qua fax.
Viec md rpng hinh thuc khieu nai nhdm tao dieu kien de cdng dan, td chiic, ca quan thuc hien quyen khieu nai. Tuy nhien, viec ghi nhan khieu nai qua dien thoai, thu dien tu, fax trong nhieu trudng hop se khd co kha ndng kiem tra, xem xet de thu ly khieu nai hoac gidi quyet khieu nai vi khdng xdc dinh duac thdng tin cu the ve ngudi khieu nai, khd khan trong viec yeu cdu ngudi khiiu nai cung cap thdng tin, tai lieu, dac biet la xac dinh trdch nhiem cd nhdn cua ngudi khiiu nai, de ddn den tinh trang khieu nai nac danh, mao danh. Chinh vi vay, Ludt Khiiu nai quy dinh viec khieu nai ehi cd the thdng qua dan hoac tryc tiip khieu nai^^
Diiu 49 Ludt Khiiu nai 2011 dp dung ddi vdi khiiu nai va gidi quyit khiiu nai quyit dinh ky ludt vien chuc chi de cap din mdt hinh thuc khiiu nai duy nhdt la bang
" Tran Thi Hien, Quyin khieu kien ciia cdn bd, cdng chuc. Tap ehi Luat hpc, s6 03, nam 2005, tr. 60.
'^ Nguyen Hoang Yen - Pham Thiiy Vy, Khiiu ngi quyet djnh ky lugt cdn bg, cong chuc - Thuc trgng phdp ludt vd kien nghi hodn thi^n. Tap chi Nha nude vaPhapluat, s6 02, nam2017, h-. 16.
'^ Thanh tra Chinh phii, Hdi ddp phdp ludt vi khiiu ngi (Tdi lieu tuyin truyin, pho bien, gido due phdp ludt cho cdn bg, nhdn ddn axa, phudng. thi trdn), D l an l-1133/QD-TTg, Ha Npi, nam 2014, tt. 27.
'''Khoan 1 Dilu 8 Luat Khiiu nai 2011.
'^ Thanh tra Chinh phii, Hdi ddp phdp ludt vi khiiu ngi (Tdi lieu tuyen truyen, phd biin, gido due phdp ludt cho cdn bo, nhdn ddn axa, phuang, thi trdn), Bk. an 1-1133/QD-TTg, Ha Npi, nam 2014, tr. 30.
NHA NVdc VA PHAP LUATSO 4/2020 don. Qua do cho thay, vien chiic trong tnrang hop thirc hien viec khi8u nai cua minh, chi co the thong qua don khiiu n^i dl truyen tai thong tin Idiieu nai cua minh din chu the CO tham quyen ma khong durcrc khieu nai true tiep. Trong don khiiu nai phai ghi ro ngay, thang, nam; ho, ten, dia chi cua nguoi khieu nai; noi dung, ly do Idiieu nai, yeu cau ciia nguoi khieu nai va CO chu ky cua nguoi khieu nai. I^i cac npi dung nay chira dugfc the hien day du thi ve nguyen tac se Idiong dupe tiep nhSn don, can phai dieu chinh, bo sung, thay doi. Co the thay, quy dinh ve hinh thuc khieu nai bang don hay khieu nai true tiep deu co nhiing y nghia nhat dinh. D6i voi quyet dinh hanh chinh, hanh vi hanh chinh, nguoi Idiieu nai la cong dan, co quan, to chuc.
Trong khi do khong phai bat ky nguoi dan nao ciing c6 day du kien thuc phap luat, lap luan m6t each ro rang va tham ehi la biit chit dl vilt don khieu nai theo y8u cau tu phia eo quan cong quyen. Tu do, dat ra nhu cSu cho phep nguoi dan dupe khieu nai true tiip dl din CO quan nha nuoc co tham quyin trinh bay vu viec khiiu nai cua minh;
trach nhiem cua cong chiic tiip dan la ghi nhan lai su viec co chiia dung thong tin vl viec khiiu nai cua ngudi dan". Tuy vay, vien chiic khi khiiu nai dii voi quyit dinh ky luat, yeu cto chii thi nay viet don c6 le xuit phat ttr nhan thuc day la chu the thuc hien nhiem vu cong vu, la nhung nguoi dupe tuyin dung va co trinh dp, kien thiic nhat dinh. Vi le do, viec vilt don de the hien r5 net, trung thuc va dly du nhat thong tm
khieu nai thdng qua don khiiu nai khong phai la mot ygu cdu qua khat khe.
v l thu tuc khiiu nai, dl thuc hien viec khiiu nai eua minh, vien chiic se giii don khiiu nai ISn diu din nguoi da ra quyet dinh ky luat ap dung vol hp. Nhu vay, "dia chi" dl vien ehiic giii don khiiu nai chinh la chii thi da ban hanh quyit dinh ky luat - nguoi diing diu co quan, tl chiic quan ly vien ehiic theo phSn d p " . Don khiiu nai lan hai dupe gui din eo quan co tham quyen giai quyit khiiu nai lin hai, cu thi; D6i voi khieu nai lan hai, vien chiic se giii don den ngu6i diing dSu co quan, tl chile cip hen true tiep cua co quan, tl ehiic quan ly can bo, eong chiic co thim quyin giai quyit trong trudng hpp con khiiu nai tiep'^. Khieu nai quyet dinh ky luat dii vol ngudi diing dau don vi sir nghiep cong lap do Thu tuong Chinh phii bo nhiem thi Bp trudng Bp Npi vu la ngudi co tham quyen giai quyet'^.
3. Mdt so bat cap trong cac quy dinh ve vigc bao dam quyin khieu n?i ciia vien chu-c trong Luat Khiiu nai nam 2011 va kiln nghi hoan thidn
Nghi dinh s5 75/2012/ND-CP va Luat Khieu nai 2011 da c6 nhimg quy dinh nhim cu the hoa quyin khiiu nai cua vien chiic trong cac don vi su nghiep cong lap dii vdi quyet dinh ky luat duoc ap dung vdi hp.
Qua do, tao hanh lang phap ly thong thoang va bao dam, bao ve quyin va lpi ich hpp phap cua vien chuc trong qua trinh thuc hien cung cip cac dich vu cong vdi tu each la mpt chii thi dupe Nha nude trao quyin.
Tuy nhien, trong npi tai cac quy ainh cua phap luat khiiu nai vin cpn nhiing khilm
» Nguoi tiip niian khiiu nai hurnig dan ngucri khieu nai viit den khiiu nai hoac ngitm tiSp nhan ghi lai viec khiiu nai biing van ban va yeu can ngucri khieu nai ky hoac diim chi xac nhan vao van ban (khoSn 3 Diiu 8 Luat Khiiu nai 2011).
" Khoan 1 DiSu 51 Luat Khieu nai 20II.
'^ Khoan 2 Diiu 51 Luat Khiiu nai 2011
" Khoin 2 Diiu 4 Nghi dinh s6 75/2012/NB.cp
BAO DAM PHAP LY...
khuyet dnh hudng din kha ndng thuc hien quyen khieu nai cua vien chuc tren thuc te.
Thu nhdt, ddi tuang khieu nai Nhu tren da khdng dinh, theo quy dinh cua Luat Khieu nai 2011 thi ddi tuong md vien chuc dugfc quyen khieu nai trong ede don vi su nghiep chi bao gdm quyet dinh ky ludt vdi cae hinh thue duge dp dung ddi vdi ho. Ddi vdi cac loai quyet dinh khac dugc thuc hien trong qua trinh thuc hien nhiem vu edng vu md bi chu the cd thdm quyen dp dung thi Ludt Khieu nai 2011 hien nay ehua thiet lap co che thuc thi. Song, v6 mat phdp ly Idn thuc tien, khdng chi cdc quyet dinh ky ludt mdi cd khd ndng ddn den viec xdm pham hoac nguy ca xdm pham den quyen va lgi ieh hgp phdp cua vien chue, ma cdn rdt nhieu loai quyet dinh khac, chang han nhu ket ludn ddnh gid, phdn loai vi6n chuc la mdt vi du dien hinh. Theo dd, ket ludn danh gia, phan loai la mot loai van bdn phdn dnh ket qud thue hien cdng viec hoac nhiem vu theo hgp dong 1dm viee da k;^ kSt, viec thuc hien quy dinh ve dao due nghe nghiep, tinh thdn trach nhiSm, thai do phuc vu nhdn ddn, tinh than hgp tdc vdi ddng nghiep vd viee thuc hien quy tdc dng xu eua vien chuc; viec thuc hien ede nghia vu khac cua vien chdc^°. Ddy chinh la tiin di di chu thi CO thdm quyen lam can cu tiep tuc bd tri, su dung, bd nhiem, mien nhiem, dao tao, bdi duong, khen thudng, ky ludt va thuc hien che do, chinh sdch ddi vdi vien chuc^'. Vi thi, ket ludn danh gid, phdn loai vien chuc dugc xem la mot vdn bdn anh hudng rdt Idn den danh dy, uy tin, su nghiep chinh trj, cdng an viec 1dm cua chinh ban thdn ngudi vien chdc. Thdm chi, theo quy dinh tai diim a khodn 1 Dieu 29 Ludt Vien chuc nam
2010, dem vi sir nghiep cdng lap dugc dem phuang chdm dut hgp ddng lam viee vdi vien chuc trong trudng hgp vien chuc cd 02 nam lien tiep bi phdn loai ddnh gia d muc do khdng hodn thanh nhiem vu. Dat ra trudng hgp ket luan ddnh gia, phdn loai vien chuc vi nhieu ly do khac nhau chua phan dnh dugc day du tinh khdch quan, chinh xac vd toan dien ve nhung kit qud cong viec hay cdc khia canh khac nhau cua vien chuc thi se keo theo rdt nhiiu he luy (trong dd bao gdm viec don vi su nghiep cdng lap dugc quyen don phucmg eham dut hgp ddng 1dm viec vdi vien chuc). Neu vien ehiic khdng khieu nai ket ludn danh gia, phdn loai thi se khdng cd quyen khieu nai dii vdi quyet dinh don phucmg chdm dut hgp dong lao dgng niia^^-
Theo quy dinh tai diem b khodn 1 Dieu 7 Nghi dinh sd 56/2015/ND-CP ngdy 09/6/2015 cua Chinh phu ve danh gid va phdn loai edn bg, cdng chuc, vien chuc, sau khi nhdn dugc thdng bdo ket qua danh gia, phdn loai vien chuc cua ngudi hoac cdp cd thdm quyen, trudng hgp vien chuc khdng nhdt tri vdi ket luan ddnh gia, phdn loai thi cd quyen khieu nai theo quy dinh cua phdp ludt vi khiiu nai. Tu do cho thdy, quy dinh chuyen ngdnh ve ddnh gid, phdn loai vien chuc da md ra kha nang cho phep vien chuc dugc quyin khieu nai ddi vdi ket ludn danh gid, phdn loai vien chuc; va co sd phdp ly di vien chuc thuc hien quyen khieu nai cua minh chinh la phdp ludt vi khiiu nai. Tham chi, ndi dung nay da dugc luat dinh tai Dieu 49 Ludt Vien chuc nam 2010 nhu sau: Viec khiiu nai vd gidi quyet khiiu nai cua vien
^^ Dieu 41 Luat Vien chiic nam 2010.
^' Dilu 39 Luat Vien ehiic n^m 2010.
^^ Le Thi Thuy, Quyin khiiu ngi cua cdng chirc, vien chiic a Viet Nam hiin nay, https://hanam.gov.vn/
thanhtra/Pages/quyen-khieu-nai-cua-eong-chuc-vien- chuc-o-viet-nam-hien-nay.aspx, truy cap ngay 07/12/2019.
NHA NUdc vA PHAPLUATSO 4/2020 chuc ddi vdi cdc quyet dinh cua ngudi diing ddu dem vi su nghiep edng lap hoac cdp cd thdm quyen lien quan den qudn ly vien chuc dugc thuc hien theo quy dinh cua phdp ludt.
Song, nhu tren da de cap, Ludt Khiiu nai 2011 hi6n nay chi quy dinh ddi tugng md vien chuc dugc quyin khiiu nai trong cac dom vi sy nghiep cdng lap Id quyit dinh ky ludt, khdng quy dinh vi co ehi khiiu nai vd giai quyit khiiu nai ddi vdi kit ludn danh gid, phdn loai vien chuc hay cdc loai van ban khac. Ddy chinh la khiim khuyit ciing ddng thdi la mdu thuan gida phdp ludt vi qudn ly vien chue vdi phap luat khieu nai.
Mdt ben thi md ednh cua de vien chiic bdo ve quyen va lgi ich hgp phap cua minh, den lugt minh, phdp ludt khieu nai lai ddng canh cua do lai vd trong bdi cdnh nhu vay, vien chiic se khdng biet each phdi ung xu nhu the nao cho phu hgp de phdn ung vdi ket ludn phdn loai, ddnh gid ma hg cho rdng Id chua phu hgp. Ngodi ra, con nhieu vdn bdn, quyet dinh lien quan den che do, chinh sach cua vien chuc trong mot chung myc ndo do cung cd kha nang xdm pham den quyen vd lgi ich hgp phap cua vien ehuc. Nhung, theo quy dinh cua phap ludt khieu nai hien hdnh thi vien chuc khdng dugc trao cdng cu de hg cd thi tu bao ve quyen va lgi ich hgp phap cua minh vi phdp ludt khieu nai chi dat ra van de khieu nai vdi quyet dinh ky ludt.
Tuu trung lai, de bao dam quyen khieu nai cua vien chuc va kha nang bdo ve quyen vd lgi ich hgp phdp cua chu the nay trong qud trinh thuc hien nhiem vu, cdng vu, tao tam thi an tdm cdng tdc, an tdm cdng hiin, phap luat khiiu nai cdn ghi nhdn vd md rdng loai ddi tugng khiiu nai md vien chue dugc quyin phdn dng trudc chu the cd thdm quyin. Cu thi, ddi tugng khieu nai cua vien chuc trong dem vi su nghiep cdng lap nen Id tdt cd cac quyit dinh cd sy dnh hudng, xdm
pham den quyen va lgi ich hgp phap cua vien chdc. Diiu ndy khdng nhihig gdp phdn bao dam dat duge muc tieu nhu tren md con bdo ddm su tucmg thich giua phap ludt khiiu nai vdi phdp ludt vien chuc theo quy dinh tai Diiu 49 Ludt Vien chuc nam 2010.
Thie hai, thai hieu khieu ngi Mdt la, quy dinh vi mdt sd trudng hap khong tinh vdo thdi hieu khieu ngi chua ro rdng vd thu tuc xdc dinh cdn chua cu the
Theo quy dinh tai Diiu 48 Ludt Khieu nai 2011, trong trudng hgp vien chuc khdng thue hien dugc quyin khieu nai theo diing thdi hieu vi dm dau, thien tai, dich hga, di cdng tac, hgc tap d nai xa hodc vi nhung trd ngai khdch quan khdc thi thdi gian ed trd ngai do khdng tinh vao thdi hieu khieu nai.
Mac du day la quy dinh phu hgp vd bdo dam quyen khieu nai cua vien chdc, nhung cd thS thdy, Ludt Khieu nai ciing nhu cdc vdn bdn quy dinh chi tiet khdng lam ro the ndo la trd ngai khach quan va thu tuc xde nhdn de xdc dinh nhting trudng hgp dugc coi Id trd ngai khdch quan ma ngudi khieu nai khdng the thuc hien dugc viec khieu nai theo dung quy dinh^^. Tu do, dan den viec xac dinh cae trudng hgp dugc xem la trd ngai khach quan d mdi noi khdc nhau, cung mot ly do, nhung cd noi tiep nhdn, cd noi lai khdng tiep nhdn.
Ldy vi du dien hinh nhu viec don vi sy nghiep cdng lap chuyen tru sd; ngudi diing dau dem vi su nghiep cdng lap ehet va ehua cd ngudi thay the lam cho vien chuc khdng the thyc hien viec khieu nai ngay; cdn bd phu trdch xu ly dan cua cap cd thdm quyin khong dung quy dinh (don khiiu nai cua vien chuc nhung phdn loai la don kiin nghi
^^ Thanh tra Chinh phu, Hdi ddp phdp lugt ve khiiu ngi (Tdi lieu tuyen truyin, pho bien, gido due phdp ludt cho cdn bg, nhdn ddn a xd, phuang, rhi trdn) D6 an l-n33/QD-TTg, Ha Ngi, nam 2014, tr.'29. '
BAO DAM PHAP LY..
phdn dnh, chdm xu ly dan theo quy dinh);...
thi cd dugc xem la trd ngai khdch quan hay khdng? Diiu nay lam cho viec dp dung phdp ludt khdng thdng nhdt, vda the hi$n tinh khdng minh bach vua khdng bao ddm tinh cong bang trong viec bao ddm quyen khieu nai cua vien chdc.
Mat khac, thu tuc de xdc nhan nhiing trudng hgp lam can cd khdng tinh vdo thai hieu khieu nai ciing chua dugc phdp ludt khieu nai 1dm ro. Trong nhiing trudng hgp nhu tren thi chu the ndo xdc nhdn, cd can xudt trinh giay td chdng minh hay khdng hay dya vao nhan thdc chu quan cua chu the tiep nhdn viec khieu nai. Tai dia bdn Tp. Ha Ngi, theo Quyit dinh sd 80/2014/QD- UBND ngdy 14/11/2014 cua Uy ban nhdn ddn Tp. Ha Noi ban hdnh quy dinh ve khieu nai vd gidi quyet khieu nai thugc Tp. Ha Ndi (pham vi dieu chinh eda quyet dinh nay bao gdm viec khieu nai vd gidi quyet khieu nai trong cdc dan vi su nghiep cdng lap, quyet dinh ky luat ddi vdi vien chuc - Di6u 1) cd quy dinh nhu sau: Trong trudng hgp ngudi ktiieu nai khdng thuc hien dugc viec khieu nai theo dung thdi hieu vi dm dau, thien tai, di cdng tac, hgc tap d nai xa hoac vi nhung trd ngai khach quan khdc, thi thdi gian cd trd ngai do khdng tinh vao thdi hieu khieu nai. Ngudi khieu nai phdi cung cdp gidy xdc nhdn cua Uy ban nhan dan cdp xa, ca sd y te hodc ca quan, td chiic nai ngudi khieu nai lam viec ve trd ngai khach quan cho ngudi gidi quyet khieu nai (Dieu 5). Nhu vdy, Tp.
Hd Ndi da dat ra quy dinh cu the de gidi quyet cho vudng mac tren nham bdo ddm viec dp dung phdp ludt dugc ddng bd va thdng nhdt tren todn dia bdn. Song, ddy chi mdi la quy dinh dp dung tai mdt dia phuang eu the ma khdng mang tinh quy pham trong pham vi ca nude. Vi thi, su khdng thing nhdt tai cdc dia phuang khac nhau Id hien
tugng khdng thi tranh khdi khi dp dung quy dinh tren.
Hai Id, quy dinh ve thdi diim xdc dinh thdi hieu khieu ngi lan hai khdng khd thi trong mpt sd trudng hpp
Theo quy dinh tai Diiu 48 Ludt Khiiu nai 2011, thdi diem xac dinh thdi hieu khiiu nai Idn hai cua vien chuc Id 10 ngay ki tu ngdy vien chuc nhan dugc quyit dinh gidi quyet khieu nai lan ddu; ddi vdi quyit dinh ky luat huge thdi viec thi thdi hieu khiiu nai lan hai Id 30 ngay ke tu ngdy can bg, cdng chuc nhdn dugc quyet dinh giai quyet khieu nai Idn ddu. Tuy vdy, tren thuc te van xudt hien mot sd trudng hgp ma chu tbi cd thdm quyen khdng ban hdnh quyet dinh gidi quy^t khieu nai lan dau mac du da qua thdi ban gidi quyet khieu nai. Thdm chi van de nay ciing da dugc thda nhdn gidn tiep theo quy dinh tai khoan 3 Dieu 51 cua Luat Khieu nai 2011: Bd trudng Bg Ndi vy co thdm quyen gidi quyet khieu nai ddi vdi quyet dinh ky luat ma Bd trudng, Thu trudng ca quan ngang Bd, Thu trudng ca quan thugc Chinh phu, Chu tich Uy ban nhdn ddn cap tinh da gidi quyet lan ddu nhung cdn khieu nai hoac khiiu nai Idn ddu da hit thdi han nhung chua duffc giai quyet. Dieu do cho thdy phdp luat khieu nai da chinh thiic thua nhan khd ndng khiiu nai Idn hai cua ngudi khieu nai trong trudng hgp hit thdi ban gidi quyet khiiu nai Idn ddu, nhung vu viec khieu nai khdng dugc gidi quyet. DT nhien, he qud phdp ly trong trudng hgp nay la ngudi khieu nai khdng thi nhdn dugc quyit djnh gidi quyit khiiu nai Idn ddu. Dat ra van de mae du nhdn thdy thdi han giai quyit khieu nai lin ddu da hit, nhung ngudi cd thdm quyen gidi quyit khiiu nai khong ban hanh quyet dinh giai quyit khiiu nai, neu ap dung theo quy dinh tai Diiu 48 Ludt Khieu nai 2011, vien chiic khong thi thyc hien viec khieu 11
NHA NUdc vA PHAPLUATSd 4/2020 nai lan hai cua minh dugc. Tu do cho thdy, day khdng thi dugc xdc djnh la thdi diim bat ddu tinh thdi hieu khiiu nai Idn hai vdi vien chdc de budc vien chuc di khiiu nai trong mot khoang thdi gian cd dinh.
Tuu trung lai, de bao dam quy dinh ve thdi hieu khieu nai dugc thiit lap dya tren tinh thdn hgp ly, bdo dam quyen khiiu nai eua vien chuc va cung de tao diiu kien cho viec gidi quyet khieu nai dugc khdch quan, hieu qua thi cdn xdc dinh thdi hieu khieu nai lan hai cua vien chuc dugc tinh tu thdi diem nhdn dugc quyet dinh gidi quyet khieu nai lan dau hoac het thdi ban giai quyet khieu nai Idn ddu, nhung khieu nai Idn ddu khdng dugc giai quyet^'*. Ddng thdi, cdn lam ro cdc trudng hgp nao la trd ngai khdch quan ben canh cac ly do da dugc phap ludt liet ke cu the de bdo ddm viec thuc thi phdp ludt dugc hieu qua va thdng nhat. Ve van de ndy, cd the tham khdo quy dinh cua Bd luat Dan sy ndm 2015 nhu sau: Trd ngai khdch quan la nhung trd ngai do hoan cdnh khdch quan tdc ddng lam cho ngudi ed quyen, nghia vu ddn sy khdng the biet ve viec quyen, lgi ich hgp phap cua minh bi xdm pham hoac khdng th6 thuc hien dugc quyen, nghia vu ddn sy cua minh (Diiu 156 Bd luat Ddn sy ndm 2015)^^. Ngoai ra, quan diim cua Thanh tra
^*' Thuc chit noi dung nay da duoc quy dinh cu the d6i v6i idiieu nai lan hai cua cong dan, eo quan, to ehiic d6i voi quySt djnh hanh chinh, hanh vi hanh chinh theo quy dinh tai Dieu 33 Luat Khieu nai 2011: Trong thai han 30 ngay, kS tir ngay het thai han giai quySt khiSu nai quy dinh tai Digu 28 eiia Luat nay ma khiln nai lan d^u khong dvt^c gi^i quyet hoac ke tir ngay nhan dirffc quy^t dinh giSi quyet khiiu nai l^n dau ma nguoi khiSu nai khopg d i n g y thi co quyen khieu nai den nguoi co tham quygn giai quy^t khi^u nai l§n hai; doi vai vimg sSu, vung xa di lai kho khan thi thai han c6 the keo dai han nhung khong qua 45 ngay.
^' N6i dung nay cung Urong tu nhu tro ngai khach quan duac xac dinh trong LuSt T6 tung Hanh ehinh 2015: Tra ngai khach quan la nhung tra ngai do hoan
Tp. Hd Chi Minh ve vdn de ndy cung nen dugc lan tda 6.h bdo ddm tdi da nhdt quyen khieu nai cua vien chuc vd khd ndng bdo ve quyen, lgi ich hgp phdp cua hg nhu sau:
Ngudi gidi quyet khieu nai nen tham khao cdc quy dinh khdc vd edn cu tung vu viec cu thi di tinh thdi hieu khiiu nai eho ngudi khieu nai tren tinh than bdo ve cac quyen, lgi ich hgp phdp cua ngudi khieu nai . Ve thu tuc xdc nhdn cdc trudng hgp khdng tinh vdo thdi hieu khieu nai, nen chang can tham khao quy dinh cua Uy ban nhdn dan Tp. Hd Ngi de thiet lap ro chu the, van ban xde nhdn. Tu do, tao hdnh lang phap ly de vi8n ehuc cd the nh^n thuc rd nham thyc hien phdp ludt cho phu hgp vd bdo ddm cdc chu the tiep nhdn khieu nai dp dung phdp ludt mot each ro rdng, chinh xdc va thdng nhdt.
Thu ba, hinh thuc khieu ngi Nhu tren da khdng dinh, vien chue hien nay chi dugc khieu nai dudi mdt hinh thuc duy nhdt la khieu nai bang dan, khdng dugc quyen khieu nai tryc tiep. Song, duai gde do bao ddm tdi da nhdt quyen khieu nai cua vien chuc dua tren quan diem xuyen sudt ve quyen khieu nai Id mot cong cu de vien chuc CO the bdo ve dugc quyin vd lgi ich hgp phap cua minh trudc nguy ca bi xdm pham bdi cdc quyet dinh ky ludt thi n6n chang cdn bd sung hinh thuc khiiu nai true tiep ddi vdi vien chuc. Tren thyc ti vdn tdn tai cae tmdng hgp vi cho rdng viec viit dan
canh khach quan tae dong lam cho nguoi co quygn nghia vu khong the biet ve viec quySn, lgi ich hgp phap cua minh bi xam pham hoac khong th^ thuc hien dugc quyen hoac nghia vu ciia minh (khoan 13 Dieu 3 Luat To tung Hanh chinh 2015).
2* Thong bao s6 33/TB-TTTP-P4 ngay 29/04/2016 eua Thanh tra Tp. Ho Chi Minh thong bao kit luan v6 cuge hop Quy 1/2016 ciia Cum thi dua s6 3 Huang ddn, gidi ddp nhiing vudng mdc vi khiiu nai td cdo dinh kem Thong bdo s6 33/TB-TTTP-P4, Tp' H 6 C h i M i n h , tr. 01.
It
BAO DAM PHAP LY...
khieu nai la khd khan, phiic tap nen nhieu ngudi khieu nai "chun budc" ma khdng thyc hien quyen bien dinh de ty bdo ve quyen vd lgi ich hgp phap cua minh. Ben canh dd, trong bdi cdnh ma thdi hieu khieu nai ddnh cho vien chuc Id cyc ky ban hep, chi 15 ngay (ddi vdi khieu nai Idn ddu) hoac chi 10 ngay (ddi vdi khieu nai Idn hai - tru trudng hgp hi dp dung hinh thuc ky ludt budc thdi viec la 30 ngay) thi viec rang budc viet dan khi§u nai de d8 trinh den chu the cd thdm quyen vd hinh trung tao ra mdt rao can ddi vdi viec thuc hien quyen khieu nai cua vien ehiie. Thiet nghi, neu thua nhan viee khieu nai true tiep ddi vdi vien chuc, it nhdt ve mat binh thuc, viec khieu nai se sdm dugc thuc hien bdi vien chuc tren thyc t6 ban la viec viet don khieu nai vdi ddy du cac ndi dung can cd cua mdt dan khieu nai do phap ludt yeu cdu^^. Khi nhdn dugc quyet dinh ky ludt dp dung ddi vdi minh, trong trudng hgp mudn khieu nai, vien ehiic chi cdn den chu the cd thdm quyen de trinh bay ve su viec cua minh thi da dugc xem Id thyc hien viec khieu nai. O mdt khia canh khdc, neu vien chiic thyc hien quyen khieu nai cua minh mdt cdch khan trucmg thi chu thi cd thdm quyen edng ed ea hgi de nhanh chdng xem xet lai quyet dinh ky ludt ma hg da ban hdnh nham kip thdi dieu chinh neu cd sai sdt han la nhdn dugc su im lang tu phia ngudi khieu nai trong khi ban thdn ddi tugng khieu nai thuc sy chua phu hgp. Tii do, the che cdng vu tu nhien eiing trd nen thdng sudt, dn dinh vi sdm gidi ddp dugc nhting lan tan, hoai nghi vd phdn ting cua
" Cac dai bieu Qu6c h6i eung da timg de nghi b6 sung them hinh thiie khieu nai true tiep ap dung doi vai dgi ngu can bg, cong chirc, vien ehiic. Xem them V3n phong Quoc hgi, Bdo cdo ngdy 14/10/2011 cua Van phong Quoc Hgi tdng hg^ y kiin cdc Dodn dgi bieu Quoc hdi, dgi bieu Qude hpi vi du dn Ludt
^/»"4/io/,HaN6i,nam2011,tr. 17.
vien chuc vi cho rdng viec dp dyng ky ludt ddi vdi hg chua dung phdp luat.
Mdt diem nua ciing can luu y, hien nay phap ludt khieu nai vdn chua 1dm rd dugc each thuc thuc hien viec khieu nai eua vien chue. Mat du phdp ludt da di cap rdt ro vi thu tuc khieu nai cua vien chuc, nhung chi ham y ndi din trudng hgp nop dan tryc tiip tai chu thi cd thdm quyin ma chua du lieu den cdc trudng hgp khdc nhu vien chdc nop don khieu nai thdng qua buu dien, phuang tien ehuyen phdt nhanh, ung dung giao buu phdm (Grab, Go viet...)... Thyc ti nay ddt ra mot cau chuyen la khdng phdi tdt cd cdc don vi su nghiep cdng lap diu chdp thuan va tiep nhdn dan khieu nai ciia vien chuc.
Mdt he qua keo theo ciing can phdi gid:
quyet la khi nhdn dan khieu nai dugc gdi thdng qua cdc cdch thuc tren, don khieu nai chua thS hi§n dugc cdc thdng tin co bdn cdn cd theo quy dinh tai Dieu 49 Luat Khieu nai 2011 thi viec hudng dan viet dan dugc thuc hien nhu the nao, dan chua hgp le lieu vdn dugc xdc dinh Id khieu nai con trong thdi hieu hay khdng? (xac dinh thdi diem nhdn dem de xem xet edn hay da bet thdi hieu khiiu nai). Do vay, thiet nghi cdn cd nhiing quy dinh cu the ve cdch thuc gui dan khieu nai cua vien chuc 1dm ca sd de thuc hien tren thuc ti. Theo dd, cdn ghi nhdn trong trudng hgp ngudi khieu nai gui dan khieu nai thdng qua cac phuang tien khdc ma khdng gui true tiip thi bg phan tiip nhdn cdn tiip nhdn, vao sd theo ddi dan vd thyc hien budc ddnh gia, xu ly don de xem xet chuyin dan hay viet gidy bien nhan nham tiin tdi thyc hien thu tuc thu ly hoac khdng thu ly vu viec khieu nai. Thdi diem nhdn dan cung dugc xem la thdi diem ngudi khiiu nai thuc hien viec khiiu nai bdt ke dan da ddy du hay cdn thiit sdt ede ngi dung theo yeu cdu cua phdp ludt.
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