Ik'
BHODI\IGfflB\IITRUliimioMG)XAlHOIWA\WEB^
iTROI\IG[c^C^jQUANll\IHfflS
y Tran Viet CUdng
Su bung nd eiia Cdng nghd thdng tin v i tmydn thdng (CNTT-TT) da tid thinh dpng luc phat tndn ciia nhieu hoat ddng tiong xa hdi hidn tai va tuong lal, nen tang cua cupc sdng sd. Cae dich vu phuong tien tiiiydn thdng xa hdi (Social Media) va Web 2.0 (SM/W2.0) ngay cing quan tipng ddi vdi co quan, td chiie dd tuong tac theo cich hidu qua, hidu suit v i minh bach vol tit ca ddi tupng chiu tie dpng hoac cd quan tim ddn cic chuong trinh vi cic hopt dpng cua ca quan, td chtic.
Dich vu SM/W2.0 sii dung nhidu cdng nghp, bao gdm e i liy bin tin tu ddng theo dinh dang XML (extensible Markup Language), wlM - tir didn md, blog - nh^t M^ tidn mang, cae tiang thdng tin mang xa hdi, didn din thao luan, cac ttang thdng tin hpp tac nghidn ciiu, cic tiang thdng tin cd tinh nang binh luin vd tin tire va video va cac ca ehd khac.
Dich vu truydn thdng xa hdi cho phep ngudi dimg tuong tic true tidp vdi cic tiang thdng tin hoac ngudi dimg khic. Ket qui la ngudi sii dung web cd thd giao tidp ddng thdi, tiiic tidp v i ngay lip tiic vdi
tit ci cac ngudi dimg khac trdn tiang web. Cic djch vu tmydn thPng xa hdi thudng su dung l i YouTube, Fhckr, Facebook, Google+ vi WordPress...
THE G I O I DA sir DUNG CAC DICH VU S M / W 2 . 0 N H U THE NAO?
Khi ehinh phu sii dung cac dieh vu SM/W2.0, mic dil khPng phai la mdt didu Mdn tiPn quydt cho chinh phii md (open goveiment), nhung nd thudng dupe nhan manh nhu la mpt vi du didn hinh ciia chinh phu mo, dupe xay dung dua tien cac nguyPn tic cua chidn lupe dinh hudng cdng din va muih bach thdng tin [1]. Co quan ehinh phu dang su dung dich vu SM/W2-0 dd cai tiiidn dich vu cdng, giam chi phi va ting tinh minh bach. Thdng qua cac dich vu SM/W2.0, hg cd the tiidng bio cho cdng din, thiie day dich vu ciia minh, tham dd quan diem vi thdng tin phan hdi tii cdng chimg va theo dPi su hii Idng vdi eae dich vu mi ho dang cung cap de cii thidn chat lupng hoat ddng. Do eic dich vu SM/W2.0 cho phep giao tidp hai chidu tiong thdi gian thuc, ndn
TAP CHI CNTT & TT KY 2 (6.2014)
|131
LY LUAN TRUYEN THONG
I'^m ' ji^ni
Hinh 1: Chinh phCi Slng-ga-po gi6i thieu trgn Youtube.
CO quan chinh phu cd thd nhanh chdng tiep ein vdi cdng din va hp se la ngudi ddng sin xuit dich vu, chii khPng don thuin chi la ngudi nhan thu dpng [2].
Phuong tipn tmydn thPng xi hpi cd nhidu tidm ning dd thiie diy cdng dan su dung dieh vu dien tii.
6 mpt sd qudc gia, phuong tidn tmydn thPng xi hpi dupe cdng dan su dimg tich cue de cap nhat thdng tin ve chinh phu. Hon niia, cic phuang tien tmydn thdng se thuc day toan didn xa hpi bing cich giam sp chenh Ipch tiong phan chia su dung dich vu diPn tu giua cac nhdm Mnh td xi hpi khac nhau [3].
Bio cio khao sit vd ehinh phu didn tu ciia Lien Hop qudc nam 2012 [13] d i danh gia su xuit hipn cua cie dich vu SM/W2.0 tiong cdng thong tin chinh phu cua 193 qudc gia thanh vidn LiPn Hop qudc. Kdt qui eho thiy, cdng thPng tin chinh phu cua 78 qudc gia thanh vidn (chidm 40%) cd cung cap ehiic nang
"Theo chiing tPi tidn Facebook hay Tvirittei."//oiZow us on Facebook or Twitter). Hon mdt nua trong sd 78 qudc gia l i cac qudc gia dang phat tndn, tham chi cd ci mdt sd qudc gia kdm phit tnen d chiu Phi.
Sd lipu dieu tia cung cho thiy, cdng thdng tin chinh phu ciia 14 qudc gia (chidm 7%) cung cap cac
edng cu dd thu thap y Mdn cdng chimg thdng qua cic phdng ddi thoai (chat room) hope chitc nang ddi thoai tin nhin tiic thdi (Instant Message).
Trong sd cac qudc 0 a cd tiinh dp phat tndn, iing dung CNTT cao tiPn thd gidi. My v i Sing-ga-po da nhan thiic dupe vipe s i dung cic dieh vu SM/W2.0 dd phuc vu ngudi din, khPng chi cung cip thdng tin nhidu hon ma cdn cung cip cac ydu td ein thiet, toan dien hon dd khuydn khich su tham gia cua ngudi dan vao eae edng vipc cua Chinh phii.
Chinh phii Sing-ga-po [2,3,9,11] da tindt lap cie til khoin chinh thirc tidn ttang mang xa hdi va tidu blog Twitter (http://www.twitter.coin/
govsmgapore), ttang chia se video YouTube {http://
www.youtube.com/govsuigapore) v i tham chi cdn phit tnen cic img dung tidn 2 ndn ting di ddng phd bien l i Android v i iOS dd cung cip cac thdng tin vd Sing-ga-po.
REACH (reaching everyone for active citizeniy®
home) [10] l i ca quan duoc thinh lip vao thing 10/2006 dudi su quin ly cda Bd Phat tridn Cdng ddng, Thanh thidu ni6n v i Thd thao Smg-ga-po va tii nim 2012 ddn nay, REACH la mpt ca quan thudc Bd Traydn thdng va ThPng tin Slng-ga-po. REACH eiuig dupe xem la ndn tang tiiam gia dipn tii cho
14|
TAP CHI CNTT & TT KY 2 ( 6 . 2 0 1 4 )The White House O
Hinh 2: Chinh phi!i M? giPi thi&i trgn Facelxnk.
edng din ciia Chinh phu Slng-ga-po tir nam 2009 (www.reaeh.gov.sg). Muc tieu ciia REACH Ii thdc diy su nang dpng cua ngudi din Sing-ga-po thdng qua cac hoat ddng cd hdn quan ddn cdng dan.
Chinh phu My [6,7,13] ciing la qudc gia tidn phong sii dung cie dich vu ciia SM/W2.0 tiong hoat ddng eung cip thdng tm cho cdng chiing thdng qua eic til khoan tidn cie tiang mang xa hPi v i blog hing diu thd gidi, bao gdm Vimeo, Foursquare, Luikedin, FUcM, Youtube, Google+, Twitter v i Facebook.
Chinh phu My ciing phat tridn eic iing dung cho hai ndn tang di dOng ph6 bien nhit li: Android vi iOS. Ngoai ra, cdn cd kenh giao tidp vdi edng chiing thdng qua blog ridng (http://www.whitehouse.gov/
blog). Theo nghidn cim mdi nhat cho thiy, 66% cic ca quan chuih phu My hidn dang su dung mPt sd hinh thitc mang xi hdi va dupe khuyen khich sii dung nhu mdt edng eu dd tmyen thdng tin tdi ngudi din, doanh nghidp.
Chinh phii My cflng ban hanh nhiing hudng din de cac ca quan chinh phii su dung hieu qua cie dich vu SM/W2.0 [6,7]. Vi du:
- Khi ding tii thdng tin bing cich sit dung edng
nghp SM/W2.0, ea quan phai dim bio chit luong, khach quan, tidn ich va tinh toan ven ciia thPng tin dang len.
- Phai dam bio iing nPi dung duy tri tiPn tiang thPng tin SM/W2.0 l i an toan va bio mat.
- KhPng eoi SM/W2.0 nhu l i phuong tien tmydn tai thPng tin duy nhit. Cac ndi dung dang tien eae dich vu SM/W2.0 ciing phai duoc dang tien tiang thdng tin chinh thiie ciia co quan.
- KhPng xic nhan sin pham thuong mai, dich vu vi khPng ndn ding quing cio ciia ben thii ba hoac tham gia vao cac boat ddng cd thd din ddn xung ddt Ipi ich ciia ben thu ba.
- Khdng tiet Id bit ky thdng tm ma khdng dupe cdng bd cdng khai.
- Tranh thidt lap quan he vdi cae nhdm hoic td chiic khdng thich hpp ma cd the din ddn su chia sd vd y cic thPng tin nhay cim ngoai y mudn.
- Nen tu chiu tiieh nhiem ve quin ly, Mem soat mit khiu, quan ly va tmy cap cua tii khoan.
- Khdng nen su dung cimg mdt mat khau cho nhidu til khoan.
TAP CHI CNTT & TT KY 2 ( 6 . 2 0 1 4 )
|15^
LY LUAN TRUYEN THONG
- Cae tiinh duyet web nPn dupe cau hinh mpt each an toin va phii dupe tiiuc hidn tii cac tii khoan khdng phai la tai khoan quan tri.
- Yeu eiu su dung mit khau cd du do dii va phitc tap.
- Chi nPn tiiuc hien theo cae hPn kdt va til eae tap tm tii cae ngudn dupe bidt ddn vi an toan. Bat ky t?p tin tai vd tii mPt tiang tm SM/W2.0 phii qudt vuus trudc khi md.
- Cac tai khoan SM/W2.0 phai duoc giim sat mdt cich thudng xuyen. Trong trudng hpp tai khoin bi hack, phil gm ngay cho don vi iing eiiu khan cap may tinh hoic don vi quan ly an toin CNTT.
HIEN TRANG S\S DUNG CAC DICH VU SM/W2.0 TRONG CO QUAN NHA NlfOC TAI VIET NAM
Bao cao thdng ke vd Internet va di dong tai Viet Nam nim 2014 cua td chiic 'We are Social" cho thiy, dan sd ViPt Nam hipn nay la hon 92 tripu ngudi, tiong dd, dan sd khu vuc thinh thi khoing 27 tneu ngudi (31%) vi din sd khu vuc ndng thdn la 56 tnPu ngudi (70%). Sd ngudi sit dung Intemet la hon 36 tneu chiem hon 39% dan sd va trung binh mdt ngudi su dung Intemet trPn miy vi tinh mdi ngiy da la 4 gid 37 phut. Bio cio cung cho thiy 38% la ty Id ngudi dimg mang xa hdi so vdi tdng sd
dan va 2 gio 23 phiit la thai 0 a n tiling buih mdt ngudi su dung m^ng xa hdi tiong ngay. Facebook, Google+, Twitter, Unkedin va Puiterest la cac mang xa hdi va blog cd ty Id su dung cao nhat tiong cic mang xa hdi duac khao sat, lin lupt la 67%, 34%, 16%, 8%va5%.
Mic dil cac dich vu SM/W2.0 da phat tridn manh me nhung vipc sii dung tiong co quan nha nude tai Vipt Nam edn ban ehd. Hiu hdt cdng thPng tin didn tu eua cac Bd va cic dia phuang chua tich hpp chiic nang chia se tin tiic qua mang xa hdi. Hidn tai da cd mdt sd CO quan tich hop cac dich vu SM/W2.0 tidn cdng/ttang thPng tui dl6n tu ddng vai ttd l i mdt kdnh dd phuc vu ehia se tiidng tin. Van phdng Chinh phu va cae co quan d thanh phd Hd Chi Minh d i su dung cac dich vu phuong tien tmydn thdng xi hPi dd chia se thPng tin cua co quan minh. Tai tiang tin Bao dipn tii ciia Chinh phu (http://baodienm.chmhphu.
vn), cic bii vidt ddu duac tich hpp vdi mpt sd mang xa hdi va blog phd bidn (Google+, Facebook, Tumbrl va Twitter) dd chia se tin tiic qua mang Intemet. Cic bai vidt tiPn cdng thPng tin dien tii thanh phd Hd Chi Minh (http://wvtfw.hochiEmnhcity.gov.vn) dupe tich hpp vdi eic mang xa hdi va blog (Facebook, Twitter va DeUcious) guip ngudi dimg cd the chia se thPng tin.
Tuy nhifen, thuc td eho thiy, hiu hdt chua cd ca quan n h i nude ehinh thiic sii dung diy dii cac dich vu SM/W2.0 dd cung cap cung nhu chia se thdng tin eho ngudi dan v i doanh nghidp, cho cic co quan, td chitc khac. Mdt sd suy nghi sau day phin nio dd ly giai cho thue td niy:
i. Co quan quin ly n h i nude tiong linh vuc chuydn mPn chua danh gia dimg muc hoac chua nhan thiy Ipi ich to Idn ciia vide cung cip, ehia se thdng tin qua cae dich vu SM/W2.0. Didu niy din ddn chua ed hoat ddng mydn tmyen ning cao nhan thirc v i van ban hudng dan vd lai ich va cich su dung cac dich vu SM/W2.0 cho cac eo quan n h i nude
6| TAP CHI CNTT & TT KY 2 (6.2014)
ii. Nhidu CO quan n h i nude khae chua chu dpng hoic han ehd img diing CNTT tiong eic boat ddng cung cip thPng tin cho xa hdi hoac nhan thiic chua diy du vd ipi ich cua SM/W2.0.
* « # : « >
[2]. Hunan Coital Institute (2010), Social Netwaks^ h Government Opportinities and
^"^rM^® 9.:
KET LUAN Lim the nio de tpn dung cac eo hdi ma phuong tien truydn
thPng xa hpi cung cip 0d day dang tid thanh mdt chu dd quan tipng tiong eimg cip dich vu cdng. Ket qua thu dupe l i dieu quan tipng hon, boi vi phuong tien tmydn thPng xa hdi cung cap each thuc mdi, bd sung eho vide cung cip cac thdng tin cua chinh phu va dich vu cdng khac v i cQng cd thd khudeh dai t i e dpng cua thPng tin ddn xa hpi va ePng chiing.
De khai thac nhiing tinh nang v i Ipi ich to Idn cua cac dich vu SM/W2.0 mang lal v i khai thic sd lupng khdng Id ngudi dimg Intemet v i su dung dich vu mang xa hdi va blog, cae co quan quin ly nha nude chuydn nganh cung ein nhanh chdng tidp can vdi phuong thiic cung cip thdng tin nhanh chdng va tien ich niy.
Ddng thdi, diing tmdc nhu eiu quin ly nha nude vd ling dung CNTT v i thiie diy phat tridn ehinh phu dipn til, can thidt phai cd quy dinh hudng d i n cac ca quan nha nude su dung cic dich vu SM/W2.0 ttong cung cip va chia se thdng tin cho ngudi dan, doanh nghidp va ca quan, td chiic khic, bio dim tuin thu cac quy dinh hipn hanh cua phap luit.
Tai lieu tham khao
[1]. The White House, httpy/www.whit^ioiise.gov <Tmy cap ngay06/06/2014>
[31. Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore, Singapore Government (2013), Sr^apore'sEJqxriencebvti^ves to promote e-Participaijon.
[4]. Infccomm Development Auttxrity of Singapore, J ^ Singapore Govemnrent, https://
www icIa.gov.sg/~/media/Files/
lnfocomm%20Landscape/
TedinologyA"echnologyRoadmap/SociaiMedia.pdf <Tnjy cap ngdy 06/06/2014>.
[5J. National /\rchives and Records /\dministration (2010), BiJIetffi 2011-02. Qx^nceanManagir^RecadssiWebZO/Social MediaPl^orms.
[6]. Office of Management and Bucket (2010), tt/lemorandun M-10-23: Qidance for Agency Use of Jfiird-Party Whites and Applications.
[7]. Office of Management and Budget (2009), Memcrsndjn M-10-06: Open Government [Xrecti\^
[81. Office of the Chief Infonnation Officer, U.S. Department of Cornrn&ce, Policy on tfie Approval and IJse of Sc)ci^ Media and V\^
2.0(SM/W2.0).
[91. ONG KENG YONG (2010), Sing^xre's Social Policies:
Vision, ficoomplishments, and Challenges.
[10]. Singapore Government, http://www.gov.^ <Tnjy cap ngay06/06/2014>.
[11]. Steve Radick (2010), Soci^ media isn't aprereqiBsite for open government
[12]. Chief Infonnation Officers Council (2009), GLsd^ines fix SeaiB Use of Sociai Media by Feder^ Departments and A^naes.
[13]. United Nations (2012), E-Qyvemment Suvey 2012.
TAP CHI CNTT & TT KY 2 ( 6 . 2 0 1 4 )
