T R O O N G D A I H O C D 6 N G THAP Tap chf Khoa hoc sd 25jp±20n)
D i i u KHIEN N 6 I L i r d l CHO N G U 6 N DIEN MAT TRCn KET HOfP V ^ I TUABIN GIO SU* DyNG GIAI THUAT HE BAM DifiM CONG SUAT ClTC D ^
• Le Kim Anh"
Tom tdt
Nghien cuu su dung vd khai thdc hieu qud ngudn diin mat trdi cUng nhu ngudn ndng lupng gid di phdt diin ed y nghia thiit thuc din viec gidm biin ddi khi hdu. Cdng nghi hien nay dang su dung cdc te bdo guang dien, di ddm bdo cdc ti bdo quang diin luon hogt ddng d cdng sudt toi da, hi thong phdi vdn hdnh quanh diem cue dgi MPP. Viic kit hop ngudn dien mat trdi vdi tuabin gid noi ludi, uu diem cua he thdng Id su chu ddng di^c ngudn ddu vdo. Ket qud md phdng hi thdng diiu khien not ludi cho nguon pin mat trdi kit hap vdi tuabin gid su dung phuang phdp gidi thugt he bdm diim cdng sudt cue dgi nhdm duy tri cdng sudt phdt tdi da cua he thdng bdt chdp tdi ndi vdi hi thdng.
Tie khda: Ndng luang tdi tgo; pin mdt trdi, tuabin gid; mat trdi noi ludi ket hprp vdi tuabin gid; A|
bdm diim cdng sudt cue dgi.
l . D ^ t v d n d ^
Ngdy nay ciing vdi su pfaat mgnfa me eiia tfal gidi, nfau cau sii dyng nang lupng ciia con ngudi n g ^ cang tang. Nguon nang lupng tai tao ndi cfaung, nguin nang lupng mat trdi vd ngudn ndng lupng gid ndi rieng la dgng nguon nang lupng sgch, tdidng gdy 6 tifailm moi trudng, dong tiidi tiem nang ve trii lupng nang lupng rngt tidi ciing nhu nang luong gid d nudc ta rat ldn [1]. Theo so lipu cua Ngan hang tfae gidi, tilm nang gid ciia Vpt Nam (d dp cao 65 m) rat kfad quan, udc dat 513.360 MW, ldn faon 200 lan cdng suat nfad m ^ tiiiiy dien Son La Mgt kfadc hang nam mat trdi eung cap cho trai dat mpt nang lupng khong lo, gap 10 lan trii Iupng cac nguin nhien lipu co hen trdi dat. Hien nay d nudc ta ehu ylu sir dyng fae tiiong nang lupng mgt trdi dpc \ap, faoge fae tfaong ddc \ap ket fapp giiia ndng lupng mat hdi va cac nguon nang lupng khac. Cdn hp tfaong
Bii'C x^
P_pv Nhi^tdg ^ ^
T6C dp gio
nang lupng mat trdi noi ludi mdi dang tiu diem I ^ dgt tgi Trung tam Hdi nglti quoc gia (150 kWp) va tda nfad Bp Cong Thuong (12 kWp). Tity nhien, de kfaai thac, su dyng nguon nang lupng mat tidi va ndng Iupng gid cho hieu qud nhdm tfaay the dan cac nguon ndng iupng hda thaefa ngety eang can Idpt, gay d nhiem moi trudng dang la myc tieu nghien ciiu ciia nhieu quoe gia. Dieu khien noi ludi cfao nguon
^ e n mat trdi ket fapp vdi tuabin gid faudng den phat trien ludi dipn thdng minh vd dilu kfaien noi ludi linh hoat cde nguon phan tdn [2].
2. Mo hinh dieu khien noi ludi cho nguon dien m^t troi ket hgp vdi tuabin gio s v dung may phat dien dong bo nam cham vinh cihi (PMSG) He thong noi ludi cfao nguon dipn mat trdi ket fapp vdi tuabin gid sd dung may phat dipn dong bp nam chdm vTnh euu bao gom cde thanfa pfaan ca ban nhu Hinfa 1.
r[
=/~ -O
Chinh lyu AC/DC
Nghich \M\i DC/AC
Luc>j i9i$n khong khf [luabingi* M%phAt(^en[
Hinh 1. Sff do cau t n i c he thong dieu khien n6i IinW cho nguon di^n m a t t r o i ket hffp vdi t u a b i n gifi 2.1. Mo hinh pin mat troi (PV)
* Theo quan dilm nang lUong dipn tu tbi pin mat trdi PV (Photovoltaic cell) cd the dupe eoi
*' Tmong Cao dang Cong nghiep Tuy Hoa
mUONG DAI HOC D 6 N G THAP Tap chl Khoa hoc sd 25 (04-2017) nhu nhung nguon dong bilu dien moi quan hp phi
tuyen I-V rtiiu Hmh 2.
J c 'a. t c e '•*
i .
_ J
""TX'
^
Bi$n ap pin (V)
i 2. Bde tmh lam vile cua pin mat trrri
-A/V
Id 5 Vd
Hinh 3. Sff dl tmmg dirong cua pin mat trcri Hi$u suat cua tam pin mat trdi dgt gid tri ldn nhat khi pin mat trdi eung e ^ cong sudt cue dgi.
Theo ddc tinh pfai tuyen tren lEnfa 2 tin nd se xdy ra kfai P-V la cue dgi, tiic Id P-V = P^^ tai tiidi dilm (l^^,y^^) dupe gpi Id diem cue dai MPP (Maximum Point Power). Hp bam dilm cdng suat cue dgi MPPT (Maximum Pomt Power Tracking) dupe sii dyng dl ddm bdo rdng pin mat trdi ludn luon Iam vipe d diem MPP bat chap tdi dupe noi vao pin.
* Dong dien dau ra cua pin theo [3] duoc tinfa nhu sau:
-/JexpP
KJ: he so nfaiet dp cua ddng dien ngan macfa, T^^:
nhipt dp ciia b l mat pin (nhiet dp tham chilu), H:
buc xa cua mat trdi kW/m^
0 defy gid tri ddng (fipn bao boa eua pin vdi nfaiet dp cua pin dupre tinh nhu sau:
T^ \qEa(T^-T^
(?)
Trong dd' Ig^. Id ddng bao hda ngupe d b l mat nhiet dp va buc xg. cua mdt trdi, E^,: nang luong viing c ^ cua chat ban dan, phy tfaupc vao fap so ly tudng va cdng ngfap lam pin. Mat khac mpt pui mat trdi cd dpn sp khodng 0,6 V, do do muon ed fi^n dp lam vipc eao tfai ta mac noi tiep cac pin, muon cd ddng dien Idn ttu mac song song, nfau Hiiifa 4.
Vgy ddng di^n mpt modul tam pin se Id:
N.Rs/Ru,
Hinh 4. Ddng di£n 1 modul tim pin
i=N^I^-N^, JA\
(4) Tu cdc bieu tiiirc (1), (2), (3), (4) da phan tich d tren, md hinfa pin mat trdi duoc xdy dung hen Matiab/Simulink vdi cdc ngo vdo Id ddng dien, nhiet dp. Ngo ra Id cong suat va dipn ap ciia pin, nfau Hinfa 5
(1) ^ Trong do: q: dien tich electron = 1,6 xlO'^
C, k: fa§ng so Boltzmann's ^ 1,38 xlO-^^ J/K, Is: Id dong (fipn bao hda cua pin, I ^: Id ddng quang dipn, T^: nhiet dp ldm viec ciia pin, R^: dien trd shunt, R . dipn hd cua pin. A: he so ly tudng. Theo bilu thirc (1) dong quang dien phy thupc vdo nang lupng mat trdi va nhiet dp ldm viee eiia pin do dd:
Iph= Vhc^ ^li^c - Tref)] -H (2) vdi I : la dong ngan mach d nhiet do 25°C
Hinh S. Mo hinh pin mat troi 2.2. Mo hinh tuabin gio
Theo [4] cong suat ciia tuabin gio duoc tinb theo bieu thiic.
TRUdNG DAI HOC DONG THAP T9P Chl Khoa hoc s6 25 (04-2017)
^ „ = C , ( A , ; S ) ^ v = (5) Trong do: P^^^: Cdng suat dau ra cua tuabin (W); C (K^y Hp so biln doi nang lupng (la ty so giiia toe dp dau cartii X va gdc canh P); A: Tilt dien vdng quay cua cdnh qugt (m^); p: Mat dp cua kfadng kfai, p = 1,255 (kg/m^).
Tu bilu tfaiic (5) ta tiiay van toe gid la yeu to quan trpng nhat ciia cong suat; cong suat dau ra tang theo lity thira 3 vgn toe.
Hp so biln doi nang lupng C (X, p) ciia bieu thuc (5) dupe tinfa nhu sau:
Hinh 7. Mo binh tuabin 06 2.3. May phat £ $ n dong bp nam cham vinh cmi (PMSG)
Theo [5], phuang trinh ddng va dp tren fap tpa dp dq:
Cp(X,p) = 0.5176(—-0.4p-5)e'' +0.0068X (6) 0.035
^ + 0.08p 1 + p ^ (7) Dudng cong bieu dien moi quan bp giua C vd X nfau Hinfa 6.
Hinh 6. Dinmg cong mSi quan h$ giira C vd >.
Nhu ta da biet ty so toe dp dau canfa tuabin gid va toe dp la: X = —- trong do ro toe dp quay euatuabm, R ban kinfa cuatuabin, v van toe ciia gid.
Mdmen eua tuabin gid duoc tiitii nhu sau-
T,=^=L^0R'C.'C (8)
to 2 *^ ' V
Til cac bieu thilc (5), (6), (7), (8) da phan tich a tren, mo hinh tuabin gio duoc xay dung tren Matlab/Simulink voi thong so dau vao toe dp gio, toe do cua may phat di?n va thong so dau ra momen, nhu Hinh 7.
(9)
-=-(}} - ^ l J ( H M - Q ) — ^
dt • L " T "• L •' 'L (10)
sa ^sa '-'so '-'sa ' '
Trong dd: Z.^ dien cdm Stator do d vi tri dinh cyc; L^^ dien edm Stator do d vi tri ngang eye; tii thong cyc (vinh ciiu); T^ T fadng so tfadi gian Stator tai vi tri dirtii cyc. Pfauong trinfa mdmen:
De xdy dung md hinfa PMSG tren matlab - simulink dya vdo cdc bieu thiie (9), (10), (11). Mo hinfa dupe xdy dyng nfau lEnfa 8.
Hinh S. Mo hinb mdy phit di^n PMSG 2.4. Phuorng p h a p dieu khien b a m diem cong suat cm: d^i (MPPT)
Hien nay cd nhilu ky thudt de dieu khien pin mdt trdi vd tuabin gid bdm diem cdng suat cue dgi.
Nhiing ky thugt nay cd till phan tiianh 2 nhdm clunh sau: ky thudt tim kilm vd ky thuat tim kiem dua tren 1 1 8
TRUONG DAI HOC DONG T H A P Tgp chl Khoa hQC sd 25 (04-2017) md hmh. d ky tiiuat tim kiem de thue hipn nhung
doi hdi mpt so budc ldn mdi hpi ty duQC diem cue dai (MPP) trong kfai do se fapi tu rat nhanh dilm MPP vdi ky tiiugt tim kiem dya hen md hmh. Ky tiiuat nay ddi fadi pfadi biet cbinh xac tfaong so eua pui mat trdi va cdc so do cd nfaipt dp va buc xa mat trdi cung nfau ihdng so eua tuabin gid, nfau Hiitii 9.
3.2. Ket qua mo phdng
Hinh 9. Luu dl thudt todn P& O dieu khien tnrc tilp theo phuffug phdp MPPT Trong IDitii 9, bp dilu khiln MPPT se do cac gia tri ddng dien I vd dipn dp V, sau dd tinh todn dp sai lech AP = P1-P2. AV = Vdcl -Vde2.
3. Mo phong mo hinh dieu khien he thong noi ludi tren Matlab/Simulink
3.1. M6 hinh mo phong
He thong dilu kttiln duoc x ^ dung dya tren sododffinhl.
^
0 04 0 0 6 OM 0 1 0.12 0 1 4 0.16 0 1 8 0 2
Hinh 11. Cdng suit cua pin (W)
Di«nap(V) 1
. . ^
002 0 0 4 0 0 6 008 1 1 a i 2 0.14 0 1 6 01B
Hinh 12. Dong dien vd di£a dp cua pin
Hunh 13. C6ng su^t tuabin gid (W)
Hinb 14. Cong suat tong (tuabin gi6+ pin) (W)
Hinh 10. Sff dl cau true h$ thong dieu khien noi linH cbo nguon dien mSt trM ket hgrp v ^ tuabin gio
TRUCJNG DAI HOC D 6 N G THAJ Tap cht Khoa hoc s6 25 (04-2017)
0.02 0.04 OOe OOB 0.1 012
mnb 15. fiien dp ngO ra Uabc (V)
"^•fi 0.02 004 o'oe a.OB D'.1 O.IZ 0 1 4 0.18 0.18 mnh 16. D6ng dien ng9 ra labc (A)
mnh 18. Dong di^n noi ludi labc (A) suat PV tbu dupe luon dat gid tri cue dai. Tai thdi diem t ^ 0,02 s ddng tdi, ddng va dien ap dau ra luon dgt gia tri on dinfa va bang gia tri d|t. He thong noi ludi dupe tiiong qua may biln ap va dudng day tdi dien. Md hinh dilu khien noi ludi cfao nguon dien mgt trdi ket fapp tuabin gid nfaam faudng den vipc pfadt trien ludi dien tfaong minh va £ e u kfaien noi ludi linfa faogt cfao cac nguon pfaan tan./.
0.02 0.04 0.06 0-08 0,1 012 014 016
fflnh 17. Dien dp noi lutH Uabc (V) Nfaan xet: Qua kit qud md phdng, cfao thay khi biic xg mat trdi tfaay doi tfai dong PV tfaay doi mgnfa, ^ PV it tfaay doi va cdng suat ciia PV pfau tfaupc anfa faudng ciia biie xa. He thong dieu khien noi ludi pfadt cdng suat tai thdi dilm t - 0,02 s.
4. K i t luan
Dilu khien noi ludi eho nguon dien mdt trdi ket hpp vdi tuabin gid sii dyng gidi thuat ffieu kfaien MPPT, da pfaat huy doi da cdng suat pfaat ra va cdng
TAI L m u THAM KHAO
[1]. Lfi Kim Anh, V5 Nhu Tiln, Dgng Ngpc R^y (2012), "Mo hmh dieu khien noi ludi cho nguin di§n mjt ttdi", Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghi, Dgi hgc Da Nlng, (so 11 (60)), u. 1-6.
[2]. Le Kim Anh (2013), "iTng dyng cac bo bien doi dien tii cong suat trong dieu khiln nli ludi cdc nguon phSn tan". Tap chi Khoa hoc TntcmgDai hgc Cdn Tha, (so 28), tt. 1-8.
[3]. Le Kim Anh (2013), "iTng dving matiab/simulink xay dyng m6 hinh va rao ph6ng h§ thong noi ludi su dyng nguon pm mdt trai ket hpp nguin 3c quy", rtj;j c/ij Aftoa/ipc TruoTig^ ^<i//ipc Tra Hn/i, (so 11), tt. 16-20.
[4]. Le Kim Anh, Dgng Ngoc Huy, AI Xm (2014), "H§ thong dieu khiln noi ludi eho tuabin gio ket hpp vdi nguon pin mdt troi va pin nhien lieu", Tgp chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghi, Dai hpc Da Nflng, (so 10 (71)), tt. 1-8.
[5]. Alejandro Rolan, Alvaro Luna, Gerardo Vazquez, et al (2009), "Modeling of Variable Speed Wmd Tuibine with a Permanent Magnet Synchranous Generator", JEEE IntermaUon Symposium on Industrial Electronics
GRID-CONNECTED CONTROL OF AN INTEGRATED SOLAR CELL-WIND TURBINE USING THE ALGORITHM OF MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING
Summary
The research aims at effectively using, exploiting solar energy and wind energ>- sources to generate electiicity, which helps reduce climate change. Modem technology has been using solar cells, and tiie system must operate around tiie maximum power point (MPP) to ensure that solar cells are always at the maximum capacity. The combination of solar cells and wind tiubmes enables tiie system to gain active fiiel ii^mt The paper presents tiie result of modulating the grid-connected control system of the integrated solarcell-windhirbine model using the algonthm of Maximum Power Point Tracking in order to mamtain tiie maximum capacity ofthe system regardless of connected power loads.
Keywords: Renewable energy, solar cells; wind tinbines; grid-connected solarcell-windtuibuie; Maximum Power Point Tracking.
Ngcr^ nhgn bai: 12/8/2016. Ngay nhgn lgi: 28. 02/2017; Ngiiy duyit dSng: 28.''03/2017.
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