iTRl/CfNG DAI HQC QUOC TE HONG BANG
DONG CO NGHIEN CUtJ KHOA HQC CUA SINH VlfeN QUA VIEC L V A C H Q N TINH HUONG
STUDENT'S RESEARCH MOTIVATION MANIFESTED THROUGH THEIR CHOICE PROBLEMTIC SCENARIOS
NGUYEN VAN BAC <*>
TOM TAT
Nghien dm khoa hpc (NCKH) Id hogt ddng hpc tap ddc trung ca bdn cua sinh viin (SV). Tinh tich cue ti-ong hogt dpng nghien cim khoa hpc (NCKH) phu thudc nhieu vdo ddng CO - Dpng ca NCKH Id cdc yiu to kich thich thuc ddy SV tham gia vdo hogt dpng NCKH nhdm thda mdn nhu cdu nhdn thirc. khdm phd, sdng tgo, ddo sdu. md rdng vdn hiiu biit, gidi quyit cdc vdn de thuc tien vd khoa hpc, vd khoi day tinh tich cue trong NCKH. Bdi viet tap trung xdc dinh muc do ddng ca tham gia NCKH cua sinh vien thdng qua viec lua chpn tinh hudng duac thiit ki dua tren biiu hien vi ddng ca NCKH cua SV nhu nhdn thirc, xu hudng, tich cue tu giac, himg thit, nd luc, tdm trgng vd tinh kien tri vd tic dd di xudt mpt sd biin phdp tdc ddng ndng cao dpng co hogt ddng NCKH d sinh viin hien nay.
Tit khda: Dong co, nghiin cim khoa hpc, tinh hudng. sinh vien ABSTRACT
Doing research and undertaking research experience is fundamental to undergraduate students. The desire to do research and active participation in research activities are dependent on undergraduates' motivation. Motivation is the drive for undergraduates to initiate learning and research activities in order to satisfy their need to widen knowledge, deepen understanding, explore, create and develop the ability to solve academic and scientific problems. The paper reports the results of a study on undergraduates' motivation to undertake research. The participants were asked to make choices among situations well designed to shed light on graduates' perceptions, trends, level of activeness, interest in doing research. From the findings, practical suggestions for an enhancement of students' motivation for undertaking research experience are made.
Keywords' Motivation, research, scenarios, students
1. Dat van de manh hay yeu, tich cue hay thd o, mang Nghien ciiu khoa hpc la hoat ddng dac tinh ddi phd phy thudc rit nhilu vdo dpng tnmg trong hpc tap d dai hpc, la phuong ca. Dpng ca NCKH ciia S V Id yiu to thiic thiic ddo tao ra nhiing chuyen gia cd trinh day S V tham gia vao hoat ddng NCKH dp cao va dugc nhieu trudng dai hgc tren nham thoa man nhu cau nhdn thiic, kham the gidi chii trpng [2], [3]. Mue dich cua pha, sang tao, dao sau, md rdng vdn hiiu hoat dpng NCKH d smh vien (SV) Id hinh bilt, giai quyit cdc vin dl thyc tiin va thdnh tinh ddc lap vl nghl nghiep, nang khoa hpc va lam khoi day tinh tich cue lye giai quyet sang tao cdc nhiem vu thyc trong NCKH ddng thdi quy dinh xu tiin, gdp phan md rdng tri thiic hpc tap hudng tinh tich eye dd.
d nhd trudng. Hoat dpng NCKH cua SV
^ so 03.THANG 9/2015 ! ' S c , S S L T r j ^ ° ' , ^ , ' ^ ^ ™ ^ ^ ' *
T4P CHi KHOA HQC DHQT HONG BANG
Dpng ca NCKH ciia S V dugc phan chia thanh ba nhdm dd la nhdm dpng ca nhgn thiic khoa hpc (NCKH vdi mong mudn hiiu sau, ky han kiln thiic hpc tap trong nha trudng, mudn kham phd nhiing kien thiic mdi, hieu bilt mdi ddng thdi mong mudn dugc sdng tao ra nhiing van de mai...); Nhdm dpng co the hien (NCKH vdi mong mudn khang dinh nang luc tri tue, dat thanh tich cao trong hpc tap, dugc thay cd, ban be danh gid cao, the hien sy vugt trdi ban SV k h a c . ) va nhdm ddng CO ddi phd (NCKH la vi yeu cau eua dao tao, ciia gido vien, dieu kien ldm khda luan, sg ban be thay cd ddnh gid thip...).
Dpng CO NCKH ciia SV dugc bilu hi?n d trong nhan thiic, trong dmh hudng nghien ciiu, thai dp tinh than nghien ciiu, hiing thii say me vdi van de nghien eiiu, tinh tich cue trong tim tdi sdng tao; tich cue trao ddi vdi thay cd, ban be ve vdn de nghien ciiu va bieu hien d y chi, no luc trong nghien ciiu vdi cac miic dp tich eye khdc nhau tiiy thudc vao nhdm dpng ca.
De xac dinh ve miic dp dpng co NCKH cua SV Dai hpc Hue, chiing tdi da tien hanh khdo sdt 900 S V. Kit qud cd 721 S V nam 3, 4 da va dang tham gia NCKH tii bai tap Idn, tieu luan, khda ludn tdt nghipp den cae dh tdi NCKH ddc lap cdp khoa, cip trudng ciia SV trudng Dai hpc Su pham, Dai hpc Khoa hpc va Dai hpc Kinh tl - Dai hpc Hul. Khdo sat dugc tiin hanh thdng qua nhieu phuang phap nghien ciiu khac nhau bao gdm phuang phdp dieu tra bang bang hdi, phuang phdp trae nghiem, phuang phdp lya chpn tinh hudng trong NCKH vd phdng van.
Trong bai viet nay, chiing tdi trinh bay ket qua nghien ciiu ddng ca NCKH cua SV Dai hpc Hue thdng qua phuang
phdp SV lya chpn tinh hudng va Ua Idi bdng hdi. Chiing tdi dua ra 9 tinh hudng trong NCKH dugc the hien d ba mat dd
la nhan thiic, cdm xiic va hanh ddng. Mdi tinh hudng cd 3 phuang dn tra Idi va dugc quy theo he sd diem 5,3,1. Trong mdi tinh huong, ndu SV lua chpn phuang an trd Idi nghieng ve dpng co nhan thiic khoa hpc dugc tinh 5 diem, SV lya chgn phuang an trd Idi nghieng ve ddng co NCKH tu the hien dugc tinh 3 diem va niu SV lya chgn phuang dn trd loi nghieng ve dpng ca NCKH mang tinh ddi phd dugc tinh 1 diem. O mdi tinh hudng, SV dugc lya chgn 1 trong 3 phuang an tiiy thudc vao miic dp nhan thiie, xu hudng, tich cue tu gidc, hiing thii, nd lye, tam trang va kien tri theo dudi trong NCKH ciia minh. Ket qua thu dugc ehimg tdi tinh diem theo quy chudn nhu sau:
- Xii ly sd lieu tren SPSS va liy diem trung bmh (DTB) ggi Id I. Neu diem trung binh d trong khoang 3,5 < I < 5 thi SV cd ddng CO NCKH gan vdi nhan thiic khoa hpc; Diem trung binh trong khoang 2,5< I
< 3,5 thi SV cd ddng co NCKH gdn vdi ty the hien/ty khang dinh; Diem trung binh I < 2,5 thi SV cd ddng co NCKH mang tmh ddi phd.
2. Ket qua nghien ciru
2.1. Nhan thuc cua SVve sir cdn thiet hoat dpng NCKH d dgi hpc
Ket qud khdo sat cho thay, cd sy khdc biet dang ke trong nhgn thiic ciia SV ve su can thiet cua hoat ddng NCKH ciia SV d dai hoc.
Bang: Nhdn ihiic ve su can thiet hoat dong nghiin cuu khoa hoc ci
STT
1 2 3 4
,,..,
Rit can thiet CAaihiit
Co cung dugc/khong ciing diroc Khong can thiet
Sinh vien Solutfng
513 177 31 00
%
71,2 24,5 4,3 00
-THANG 9/2015 ^ 3
iTRUdNG DAI HQC QUOC TE HONG BANG Cy thi, dai da sd SV coi
hoat dpng NCKH d dai hpc Id thilt yiu cu thi cd 513 y kiln chilm 71,2% cho la "Rit cin thilt" vd 117 y kiln chilm 24,5% cho Id "Cin thilt"), thi van cdn mpt bd phan ddng ke cho rang khdng nhat thiet phai gan giao dye dai hpc vdi hoat dpng NCKH (31 y kiln tuang duong 4,3%). Tuy nhan thiic lech lae ndy roi vdo thieu sd SV, kit qud nay eung phan nao phdn anh thyc tl van cd mpt sd lugng SV chua xdc dinh dugc ban chat cua gido dye d dai hpc la gin liln vdi hoat dpng NCKH.
Kit qua eho thay, mdt bp phan SV nhan thiic chua dung ve sy can thiet tham gia NCKH hoac cho ring NCKH khdng nhit thilt phdi gin lien vdi gido dye dai hpc.
Su nhan thiic chua dugc day dii cua mgt bg phan SV tren cd the xem Id mdt trong nhung nguyen nhan dan den chat lugng dao tao Dai hpc chua cao.
2.2. Thuc trgng dong ca NCKH cua SVDHHue qua lua chpn tinh huong
Ket qud nghien ciiu d thyc trang cho thay, nhin chung dpng ca NCKH ciia SV Dai hgc Hue nghieng ve dpng ca nhan thiie khoa hgc vdi DTB Id 3.62, nhung ddng CO NCKH mdi dat d miic dp trung binh thap. Ket qua nay chiing td rang, cac yeu to kich thich SV tham gia vao NCKH chua tdt, dpng co tieh eye, diing ddn trong NCKH d SV ehua tdt. So sanh vdi ket qua dieu tra ve dpng co NCKH ciing cho kit qud tuang thich. Tuy nhiSn, can cii vao ket qua vd so vdi tieu chi danh gid thi SV Dai hpc Hue bude dau da xdc dinh dugc viee tham gia boat dpng NCKH vdi mong mudn nam viing kien thiie hpc tap, hieu sau vd kham pha kien thiic chuan bi cho nghe nghiep. NIU xem xet tiing tinh hudng thi miic dp ddng co NCKH cdn phdn tdn, chua cao vd cdn mdt bd ph^n SV chua tham gia NCKH hoac cd tham gia nhung mang tinh ddi phd, hinh thiic.
Bang 2 Ket qua lua chgn link huong trong SCKH cua smh vien Ofli hpc Hui
S I T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
T i u h h u i j a e Tinhhuone 1 Tuilihu6nK2 Tlnh)ui6DR3 Tinh huonR 4 Tinh hu&iK 5 Tinh buong 6 Tinh h u ^ R 7 Tinh huong 8 Tinh huonfi 9 D T B chung
DTB 4.05 3.75 3 4 6 4.11 3.36 3.33 3.86 3.09 3 58 3.62
D L C
rnnd
1 3 6 4 14151 329 1.146 1.154 1.145 1 130 1.031
Tinh huong 1: Khao sat ddng co NCKH dugc bilu hien d nhgn thiic ciia SV vl lgi ich ciia viec tham gia NCKH.
Theo cac nhd tam ly hpc, ddng ca luon gin vai qua trinh nhan thiic vd dugc xem la ddng ca quan trgng nhat. Khi SV nhdn thiic dung din dugc y nghia va nhiing lgi ich trong NCKH se giiip SV hieu sau ban ve kien thiic da hpc, cd eo hdi dung kien thutc da hpc de giai quyet van de ciia thyc tien thi SV se tich eye, chu ddng va cd su diu tu nhieu hon cho nghien ciiu. Trong tinh huong nay vdi cau hdi: Khi tham gia NCKH ban thay: a) Dat diem cao, ndi bat hon ban be; b) Nang cao kien thftc va ky nang nghe nghiep; c) Thay hwa.
be NCKH nen ciing tham gia. Ket qud nghien ciiu d tinh hudng ndy cho thay, NCKH eua SV nghieng ve ddng ca nhan thirc khoa hgc vdi DTB la 4.05. Trong dd, dpng CO NCKH de nang cao kien thiic va ky nang nghe nghiep cd sy lua chpn cao nhit vdi 498 SV chilm 69.1 %.
Sd lipu nay cho thay, SV da nhan thiic dugc rang mudn cd duge cdng vipc sau khi ra trudng thi trong qua trinh hgc tap cin phai tich eye hpc tap, trau ddi kiln thiic, cdc ky nang nghl nghiep. Tilp theo la dpng eo NCKH nhdm myc dich dat dilm cao, ndi bat hem b^n be cd 119 S V chilm 16,5%, Dat dilm cao la mpt tieu chi cd y nghia Idn ddi vdi cdng vi?c sau nay cua cdc em. Trong NCKH, SV dugc cpng dilm, dugc ddnh gia cao chdng han nhu tieu luan SV dugc Idy dilm nghien
nr
so 03-THANG 9/2015TAP CHi KHOA HQC OHQT HONG BANG
ciiu thay cho dilm thi hit mdn vd sy lua chpn nay la ca hpi dk SV nang cao diem sd va dugc nhieu SV cd kiln thiic, ky nang tham gia. Trong tinh hudng ndy, thap nhat d phuang an thiy ban be NCKH nen ciing tham gia ed 104 SV chilm 14.4%. Sd lieu nay cho thay, mgt bp phan Idn SV nhdn thiic chua tot vl NCKH, chua hiiu dugc tim quan trpng ciia NCKH trong hpc tap.
Nhin chung trong tinh hudng nay, phdn Idn SV Dai hpc Hul da nhan thiic dugc myc dich tham gia NCKH nhdm ndng cao kien thiic, ky nang, chuan bi nghl nghiep.
Tuy nhien, van cdn sd lugng khdng nhd SV nhdn thiic chua diing vl vai trd ciia NCKH trong hgc tap, tham gia NCKH mang tinh chat ddi phd, dieu nay ldm gidm chdt lugng hpc tap ciia SV va chit lugng ddo tao cua nha trudng. Sy nhan thiic Id CO sd de SV tham gia vao NCKH, vay ly do NCKH d SV xudt phdt tir vin dl ndo, dieu nay dugc th^ hien d tinh hudng 2.
Tinh hudng 2: Ddng co NCKH cua SV bieu hien d nguyen nhan/ly do tham gia NCKH. Cac nha tam ly hgc khang dinh hoat ddng cua con ngudi cd nhieu dpng CO khac nhau thiic day nham thda man nhu cau. NCKH ciia SV la hoat dpng hpc tap va dugc thiic day bdi nhieu nguyen nhan/ly do khac nhau. Trong tinh hudng nay, cau hdi chiing tdi dua ra la: Ban tham gia NCKH la vi: a) Dd la nhiem vy cua SV va la yeu cau dao tao; b) Do thiy cd, ban be tao ^ lye; c) Thoa man nhu cau hieu biet, md rpng kien thiic. Ket qud d tinh hudng nay cho thay, NCKH cua SV nghieng vl ddng co nhan thiic khoa hpc vdi DTB 3.75. Kit qud d tinh hudng nay cho thiy, ly do SV Dai hpc Hue tham gia NCKH xuit phdt tir dpng ca nhan thiic khoa hpc. Day la nhimg diu hieu tich cue trong dao tao cua nhd trudng nhung cdn d miic dp thap. Trong tinh hudng nay, SV NCKH dl thda man nhu ciu hiiu bilt, md rpng kien thiic chiem ti Ip cao nhit vdi 354 SV 49,1 %, tilp theo viec NCKH la nhiem vy ciia SV va la yeu cau dao tao cd miic
dp thap hon vdi 284 SV chilm 39,4% va thip nhit la NCKH vi do fliiy cd, ban be tao
£^ hrc cd 83 SV chilm 11,5%. Sd lieu tren cho thiy, dai da sd SV da xdc dinh dugc tim myc tieu cua NCKH dl thda man nhu cau hieu biet, md rdng kiln thiic, chuin hi cho nghe nghiep sau nay ciia minh.
Tuy nhien, sd lugng SV cho ring NCKH Id vi yeu cau dao tao, mang tinh ep bude van tuong doi cao chilm 39,4%. Nhu vay sd SV ndy tham gia NCKH xuit phat tir yeu cdu, nhiem vy chii khdng xuit phdt tir mong mudn, nguyen vpng ciia chinh bdn than Id NCKH de cd kiln thiic, ren luyen ve nghe nghiep. Ben canh dd, van cdn mdt so S V tham gia NCKH mang tinh chat ddi phd xuat phat ttr sg su ddnh gid, phe phdn ciia giang vien ve hp hoac do ban be che cudi. Nguyen nhan tren la do mdt bd phan SV chua nhan thiic diy dii, hoac han chi ve ky nang nghien ciiu vd cd it thdi gian.
Tuy nhien de xdc dinh ddng co NCKH d SV cao hay thap can phai dugc xem xet d xu hudng lya chgn eae dl tai NCKH ciia hp. Npi dung nay dugc thi hien d tinh hudng 3.
Tinh huong 3: Ddng co NCKH cua S V dugc bieu hien d xu hudng trong NCKH.
Xu hudng la mpt thupe tinh dien hinh eua cd nhan, bao hdm trong no mpt he thdng nhiing ddng lye quy dinh tinh tich eye boat ddng cua cd nhan vd quy dinh thai dp lua chpn. Viec xem xet ve xu hudng NCKH chiing ta cd the nhan bilt ro hon ve dpng ca NCKH d hp. Tinh hudng dugc dua ra la: Trong NCKH, neu dugc chgn de tdi nghien ciiu thi ban se chpn: a) Chpn de tdi de, da cd nhieu ngudi nghien ciiu, cd tdi lieu va de dieu tra; b) Chpn de tai mdi, chua ai nghien ciiu; c) E)e tdi khdng mdi va cung khong cii. Ket qua cho thay, trong tinh huong nay ddng co NCKH ciia S V nghieng ve tu the hien/tu khing dinh vdi DTB 3.46. Trong dd chpn de tai khdng mdi vd cung khong cii Id xu hudng pho bien nhat vdi 321 SV chilm 44,5%, trong khi dd cd 284 SV chilm 39,4% cd xu hudng chpn dl
SO 0 3 - T H A N G 9/2015 I
|TRl/dNG DAI HQC Qu6c TE HONG BANG tdi mdi, chua ai nghien ciiu va thap nhat la xu hudng chpn de tai de, da co nhieu ngudi nghien ciiu, cd tdi lieu vd de dilu tra vdi 116 SV, chilm 16,1%. Kit qua d tinh hudng nay so vdi ket qud tinh hudng 2 cho thiy phin Idn SV diu xac dinh viec NCKH Id dl md rpng, sdng tao kiln thiic nhung viec lya chpn dl tai nghien ciiu diu d miie dp khdng mdi va khong cii nhu vay c6 thi xem dpng co NCKH d SV Dgi hpc Hul chua thuc su tdt. 6 tmh hudng nay, sy ty the hien, mong muon dat diem cao la xu hudng phd bien trong NCKH cua SV. Trong NCKH, ed nhan cd ddng CO diing dan thudng cd sy say me, hiing thii trong nghien ciiu. Vdy, SV Dai hpc Hul thi miic dp hiing thii dugc thi hien nhu thi ndo, van de nay dugc the hipn d tinh hudng 4.
Tinh huong 4: Ddng ca NCKH dugc bilu hien d hiing thii cua SV trong NCKH. Hiing thii la mot trong cac dieu kipn quan trpng nhat de cd thai dp sdng tao ddi vdi boat dpng. Cac nha tam ly hpc xdc dinh nhu cau, himg thii la ddng eo chii yeu ciia mpi boat dpng. Tinh hudng dugc dua ra la khi thyc hien de tai NCKH ban cd tdm trang: a) Hiing thu; b) Chdn vd sg; c) Khdng thich va eiing khdng sg.
Ket qud cho thay, sy lya chgn cua SV d tinh hudng nay nghieng ve ddng co nhan thiic khoa hpc vdi DTB la 4.11. Trong tmh hudng nay, lya chpn phuang an cd hiing thii trong NCKH chiem ti le cao nhit vdi 471 SV chilm 65,3%. Dilu nay cho thiy, trong qud trinh lya chpn de tai phan Idn SV chpn de tai phii hgp vdi sd thich, de tdi vua phdi nen miic dp hiing thii ciia SV cao hon. Tuy nhien, van cdn sd lupng Idn SV lua ehpn phuang an khong thich ciing khdng so ey thi ed 180 chilm 25% va phuang an lya chpn thip nhit la NCKH cam thay chan va sg van cao cy the cd 70 SV chilm 9,7%. Nguyen nhan thyc trang tren la do thilu kien thiic, ky ndng trong nghien ciru hoac giang vien yeu cdu cao.
Nhin chung d tinh hudng ndy, SV da cd
E U so 03-THANG 9/2015
SU nhan thiic dung vl NCKH, cd su himg thu vdi cac van de nghien ciiu, tich eye ehuin bi cho nghl nghiep. Tuy nhien, so lugng SV thd a hoac khdng mudn tham gia NCKH van chilm ty le tuang ddi Idn.
Tinh huong 5: Ddng co NCKH cua SV dugc bilu hipn d sd thich trong NCKH.
Sd thich la mdt trong cac yiu td tao thdnh he thdng dpng ca, thuc diy hoat ddng ciia con ngudi. Xem xet vl nhan thiic giiip chiing ta cd nhung nhan dinh ve dpng CO NCKH d hp. Tinh hudng dugc dua ra la khi thuc hien dl tai NCKH ban thich nhit nhung de tai: a) De tai de, khdng tdn nhilu thdi gian, cdng siic; b) De tdi khdng qud khd va ciing khdng qud de; c) De tai khd va cd tinh sdng tao. Ket qua cho thay, d tinh hudng nay dpng ca NCKH cua SV nghieng vl ddng co the hipn/ty khdng dinh vdi DTB 3.36. Dieu nay cho thay, viec NCBCH ciia SV nghieng ve mong mudn khang dinh nang lye ban than, mong mudn cd dugc sy ghi nhdn cua thay cd, ban b^ va nguyen vpng dat dilm cao.
Trong tinh hudng nay, da sd SV lya chpn de tdi khdng qud khd va cung khdng qud de chilm ti le cao nhat vdi 461 SV chiem 63,9%. Tilp theo cd 195 SV chilm 27%
lya chgn de tdi khd va cd tinh sang tao.
O phuang an nay cho thay ddng co kham pha, sang tgo khi tham gia NCKH d SV chiem ti le thap, ket qua nay phu hgp vdi nhan dinh cua tdc gia Pham Minh Hac la su sdng tao ciia S V Viet Nam cdn thap. Ket qud cdn cho thay, cd 65 SV chiem 9,0%
cd xu hudng lya chpn de tdi dl, khdng tdn thdi gian vd cdng siic. Sd SV tren khdng nhieu nhung nd chiing td mpt van de la bilu hien vl dpng co trong NCKH cua SV cdn mang tmh chit ddi phd, NCKH vdi myc dieh la hoan thdnh cdng vipc hpc t^p. Ben canh sd thich cac trong NCKH thi thai dp trong NCKH Id bilu hipn ciia ddng CO, thdi dp NCKH dugc thi hien d tinh hudng 6.
Tinh huong 6: Ddng co NCKH cua SV dugc thi hien d diai dp trong NCKH. Theo
T4P CHi KHOA HQC DHQT HONG BANG
cdc nhd tam ly hpc thi thai dd la mat ddng CO, mat bdn chit lam nay sinh hanh vi. Trong NCKH, neu SV ed dpng ca nhdn thiic khoa hpc thi cd thai dp tich eye chii dpng, ludn cd sy say me, himg thii trong nghien ciiu.
Trong tinh hudng nay vdi cau hdi: Ddi vdi ban, NCKH Id: a) Mot eye hmh; b) Mdt niem vui, say me; c) Mdt sy thich thii khi cd thdi gian. Kit qud d tinh hudng nay cho thay, dpng co NCKH cua S V nghieng ve sy the hien/tu khang dinh vdi DTB la 3.33. Trong dd, SV xem viee NCKH la mpt sy thich thii khi cd thdi gian chilm ti Ip cao vdi 461 SV chilm 63,9%, sd heu nay phan nao eho thiy thdi dp trong ddng CO NCKH chua dugc tdt. Sd lugng SV lya chpn phuang an NCKH la mpt nilm vui, say me chi cd 191 SV chilm 26,5%.
Thyc tien cho thiy, trong NCKH mudn dat ket qud cao thi phdi cd su say me, danh nhieu thdi gian, edng siic vd phai hiing thii vdi van dl nghien ciru. Nhung so SV cd bieu hipn ndy cdn thap chirng td miic dp ve dpng co NCKH d SV chua cao. 6 phuong an NCKH Id mdt eye hinh dugc SV lya chpn thap nhit vdi 69 SV chilm 9,6%. Sd lieu nay cho thay cdn phai tang cudng gido dye y thirc va ndng cao nhan thiie NCKH cho SV. Nhm chung, thdi do trong NCKH ciia SV chua dugc tdt, chua the hien ro sy say me, thich thii trong NCKH. Trong nghien eiiu khoa hpc viec danh thdi gian nhieu cho nghien cihi la bieu hien ve miic dp dpng co NCKH d SV. Thdi gian danh cho nghien ciiu ciia SV dugc the hien d ket qua phan hdi ciia SV ddi vdi tinh hudng 7 dudi day.
Tinh hudng 7: Dpng ca NCKH cua SV dugc bieu hien d thdi gian danh cho NCKH. Hoat dpng hpc tap ciia SV dai hgc la qud trinh hpc tap cd tinh chit nghien ciiu, gan vdi nang lye ty hgc, nang luc sdng tao. SV cd dpng co nhan thiic khoa hpc thudng tich eye, danh nhilu thdi gian, siic luc eho nghien ciiu. Viec xem xet thdi gian cho boat dpng NCKH, phin nao se lam rd han ve dgng co NCKH d
SV. Tinh hudng dugc dua ra vdi cau hdi:
Khi tham gia NCKH ban ddnh bao nhieu thdi gian? a) Rit nhilu; b) Rit it; c) Vira phai. Ci tmh hudng nay, NCKH nghieng ve dpng CO nhan thirc khoa hpc vdi DTB la 3.86 trong do, sd SV lua chpn viec danh thdi gian vira phai cho NCKH la cao nhit vdi 351 SV chilm 48.7% Tilp theo phuang an lya chpn ddnh thdi gian nhilu cho NCKH xIp thir hai vdi 341 SV chilm 47.3% va danh thdi gian it cho NCKH cd sd SV lya chpn thip nhit vai 29 SV chiem 4.0%. Ket qud tren cho thay, mac dii ddng ca NCKH nghieng vl nhan thiic khoa hpc nhung sd lugng SV diu tu nhilu thdi gian eho NCKH cdn ban chi. Dilu nay chiing td miic dp ddng co NCKH ciia cac em cdn ehua dugc tdt. Ben canh do, van cdn bg phan SV danh qud it thdi gian cho NCKH dieu nay phan anh miic do ddng CO NCKH cua mdt bd phan SV cdn thap, ddi phd. Theo cac nhd tdm ly hpc ddng CO NCKH can phai dugc ddnh gia trong hanh dpng NCKH. Miic dp hanh ddng trong NCKH ciia SV d miic dp nao dugc the hien d tinh hudng 8.
Tinh hudng 8: Ddng co NCKH eiia S V dugc the hi?n trong tinh tich eye NCKH.
Cdc nhd tam ly hpc da xac dinh, ngudn gdc ciia tinh tich cue chinh la nhu cau. Trong hpc tap, NCKH khi ngudi hpc cd nhu ciu kham pha, tim hieu, sang tao thi se thiic day hp tich eye, chu dpng trong nghien ciiu vd lam viec cd trach nhiem cao. \^ec xem xet tinh tieh eye eua S V trong nghien ciiu khoa hpc eung la co sd de ddnh gid ve miic dp ddng co NCKH d S V Tinh hudng ve tinh tich cue trong nghien ciiu dugc dua ra vdi cau hdi: Ban cd ty nghien ciiu nhiing vin de ma trong hgc tap ban chua rd khdng? a) Thinh thodng; b) Thudng xuyen; e) Hiem khi. Ket qud cho thdy, ddng CO NCKH d tinh hudng ndy chu yeu hudng vao nhu cau ty the hien/ty khang dinh chiem vdi DTB la 3.09. Trong dd, da so SV lya chpn phuang an thinh thodng nghien cim vdi 489 SV chiem 67,8%, tilp
SO 0 3 - T H A N G 9/2015 I
9 TRUdNG DAI HQC Qu6c TE HdNG BANG theo Id lya chpn phuang an thudng xuyen nghien ciiu vdi 134 SV chilm 18.6% vd thip nhit la phuong dn hiem khi nghien ciiu vdi 98 SV chilm 13.6%. Nhin vdo sd lieu cho thiy, tinh tich eye NCKH d SV cdn thip vd xu hudng SV NCKH chu yeu cd dugc diem cao, the hien ban than va mpt bp phan SV NCKH cdn ddi phd. Dilu ndy eho phep danh gid ve ddng ca NCKH d SV d miic dp chua tot, ddng co thyc hipn chilm tru thi. Hoat dpng NCKH la hoat ddng khd khan, vat vd ngoai sy tich eye thi ddi hdi SV cin cd sy kien tri, y chi cao. Vay, miic dp y chi trong NCKH ciia SV ra sao, dilu ndy dugc the hien d tinh hudng 9.
Tinh hudng 9: Dpng ca NCKH eua SV dugc bieu hien d y chi trong NCKH.
Y chi la mat nang ddng eua tri tue, tinh cam dao diic. Id hinh thiic dieu khien, dieu chinh hanh vi tich eye ciia cd nhdn.
Khia carih phdt trien lye ciia ddng eo the hien qua he thdng va khd nang duy tri tinh hieu luc ciia dgng ca ddi vdi boat ddng gan bd chat che vdi qua trinh y chi. Y chi dugc bieu hi?n thdng qua cac boat dgng dac biet la boat dpng khd khan, phiic tap.
Tinh hudng ndy vdi cau hdi: Khi nghien ciiu gap van de khd, ban thudng: a) Kien tri theo dudi den eiing de dat myc dich; b) Cd gang nghien ciiu nhung cdn tuy thudc vao hoan cdnh; c) Khdng tham gia nghien ciiu de tai dd nira. Kit qua cho thiy, d tinh hudng nay dpng eo nhan thiic khoa hpc chiem uu the nhung d miic dp rit thip vdi DTB la 3.58. Ket qua nay phan ndo cho phep khang dinh ddng eo NCKH ciia SV chua cao. Trong dd, phuong an se cd gang nghien ciiu nhung cdn tuy thudc vao hoan cdnh duge lya chpn cao nhat vdi 467 SV chiem 64,8%; tiep theo phuang an kien tri theo dudi den ciing de dat myc dich cd 233 SV chilm 32,3%, va thip nhit d phuang dn khdng tham gia nghien ciiu de tai dd niia cd 21 SV chilm 2,9%. Ci tinh hudng nay, y chi phdn dnh trong ddng co NCKH cLia SV chua tot, cu the so lugng
| £ | so 03-THANG 9/2015
SV kien tri theo dudi trong nghien cuu chilm ti le thip vd dilu nay chiing to ddng CO NCKH d SV chua cao.
2.3. Cdc nhan t& tdc dgng t&i dpng cff NCKHdSV
Qua cac viec lua chgn cdc tinh hudng tren cho thiy, ddng eo NCKH ciia SV Dai hpc Hul d miic dp trung binh thip thyc trang cua vin dl tren do tdc dpng cua nhieu nhan td. D I tim hiiu thuc trang ve cdc yeu td tdc ddng tdi ddng co NCKH d sinh vien, chiing tdi dua ra 7 yiu td co ban de SV lya chpn. Ket qud cho thay, trong cac nhan td tren, nhan td y thiic cua SV trong NCKH chua cao va co tac ddng manh nhat tdi ddng CO NCKH d SV vdi DTB la 4.25. Dilu nay chiing td nhd tiudng chua lam cho sinh vien nhan thiic ro dugc bdn chit ciia hgc t|q) dai hpc gdn vdi nghien ciiu, nen nhieu em cdn cd quan niem hpc dai hgc gidng nhu hpc d phd thdng. Tiep theo la do yeu cau trong dao tao, cy the nha trudng chua cd quy dinh cy the vl NCKH vdi DTB la 4.23. Tliyc tiin cho thay, tiong chuang tiinh dao tao SV dugc quyen tham gia cac boat ddng NCKH va cae boat ddng nay thudng khdng bit bude, ben canh dd nhieu gidng vien do qua ban rpn nen cung khdng khuyin khich SV tham gia NC. Nhan td do giang vien chua nhipt tmh tiong dinh hudng, giiip da ciing cd tdc dpng NCKH d SV vdi DTB Id 3.57. Hien nay nhieu giang vien, ngodi viec giang day d trudng cdn tham gia giang day d cac trudng khdc, lam cdc de tdi, du an nen viec danh thdi gian cho viec giiip dd SV nghien ciiu cdn it, mat khac khd nang NC cua SV edn ban che nen cd giao vien rat ngai hudng dan.
Bdu khdng khi thi dua NCKH d S V chua dii siic lan tda den tinh thin trong NCKH vdi DTB la 3.61. Qua trao ddi vdi mpt sd gidng vien va SV cho thiy hoat dpng NCKH mdi chi dung lai d cap trudng vd cudi nam mdi tl chiic mdt lin, cdn cdc khoa, ldp it td chiic cdc budi trao ddi ve kit qud NCKH cua SV nen chua tao ta biu khdng khi thi dua ftDng NCKH. Dpng co NCKH ciia SV chua cao ehiu sy tdc dpng ciia mpt sd nhan td khdc
T4P CHi KHOA HQC DHQT HONG BANG
nhu kiln thiic cua SV chua thuc sy vung, ky ndng NCKH d SV cdn han chi va cac dilu kien ca sd vgt chit phyc vu cho n ^ e n aiu chua diy du.
3. De xuit cac bi^n phap tac dpng nham nang cao d$ng ca NCKH d SV
Tren co sd dl xuit ciia SV, giang vien, nhd quan ly vd kit qua khao sdt thuc trang ve ddng CO NCKH ciia SV dai hpc Hue, chung tdi de xudt mpt sd bien phap tdc ddng nhim nang cao ddng co NCKH eho SV nhu sau:
- Ddng CO la yeu td quyet dinh den chdt lugng hieu qud cua hogt dgng hgc tap va NCKH d SV. Do vgy nha trudng can phai hinh thanh dpng ca NCKH diing dan, tich eye d SV.
- Tang cudng giao dye cho SV ve tam quan trgng cua hogt dpng NCKH vd vai trd ciia NCKH trong hgc tap dgi hpc vd ldm cho SV nhan thiic dugc rang NCKH Id hinh thiic hpc tap dac trung d dai hpc nham giiip cdc em ndng cao, md r0ng kiln thiic, sdng tao va ren luypn ky nang nghe nghiep.
- Phat dpng phong trao NCKH trong SV, xdy dung ban khdng khi, truyen thong
NCKH d khoa, trudng va nha trudng can khoi ggi d SV nhu cdu hgc hdi, khdm pha, sang tgo thdng qua cac cudc thi sdng tao, thiet ke, giai phdp.
Hang nam to chiic hpi nghi khoa hpc cho SV va ra cdc ky yeu nghien eiiu khoa hpc cua SV, lya chpn cdc cdng trinh nghien ciiu cd chat lugng tham gia cac cupe thi NCKH d cac cap cao ban dong thdi cd sy khen thudng, ddng vien.
- Nha trudng can cd chinh sdch, ke hoach vd cy th6 hda hoat ddng NCKH trong SV va xem dd Id bien phap dao tgo nhdm tao ra chuyen gia cd chat lugng cao.
- Gidng vien trong qua trinh gidng day can dinh hudng, neu ra cdc van de nghien ciiu va khuyin khich SV tich eye tim hieu khdm phd ddng thdi gidng vien can cd sy nhiet tinh giiip da khi SV gap khd khan.
Ket hgp cac giai phap tren mgt cdch ddng bp vd hieu qua se gdp phan nang cao ddng CO NCKH ciia SV va cdi thien chdt lugng NCKH.
TAI LIi:U THAM KHAO Tieng Viet:
[ 1 ]. Nguyin Van Ddng (2003), "Mdt sd yeu td tdm ly tich cue vd tiiu cue a sinh viin tivng hogt dpng NCKH", Tap chi Tam ly hpc, 6, 25-29.
[2]. Le Huang (2003), "Ddng ca vd qud ti-inh hinh thdnh nhdn cdch ", Tgp chi tam ly hpc, 5,5-7,11.
[3]. Trin Van Nhung (2006), "Sinh viin NCKH - ddng luc chinh di biin qud ti-inh ddo tgo thdnh qud trinh tu ddo tgo ", Tgp ehi Gido dye, 130(2), 1-2.
[4]. Nguyin Thac, Pham Thanh Nghi (2007), Tdm ly hpc su phgm dgi hpc, NXB Dgi hpc Su phgm.
[5]. Nguyin Canh Toan (1996), Phuang phdp gido due tich cue: Bdn ve hpc vd NCKH, Nghien ciiu gido dye 6, 18- 20.
Tieng Anh:
[ I ]. Breen, R. & Lindsay, R (1999), Academic research and student motivation. Studies in Higher Education,24( 1), 75-93.
[2]. Debnath, S. (2005), College student motivaiton: An interdisciplinary approach to an integrated learning system. Behavioral and Applied Management, 6(3), 168-188.
S6 03 - THANG 9/2015 ^ Q
