5 ^ 3 (44) - 2013 - PI sin vin hoa phi vat th/
/^/Y'/^J
DEN HUNG VA
TIN N G L T O N G THOf CUNG HUNG VU'ONG TRONG XA HOI DUONG DAI
PGAT6.DANGVANBAI
I- Tin nguong thd to tiin vd tin ngudng thd cung Hung Vuang Id sut sdng tgo vdn hda dde ddo cua Viet Nam
1.1-Trude tien can Idm rd net van boa dde sie tiong tfn ngfldng dan gian thd eung HOng VflOng d PhO Thp.
- Trilt ty/minh triet Viet trong tin ngfldng thP cOng HOng Vuong ti quan niem "van vdt hflu linh' va 'con ngUdi cd td tdng, noi gidng' hay theo nguyen ty cap dPl ddi ngau: am/duong, due/cil, Rong/Tlln.,. Bd ti sfl tU y thflc v l ddng gidng Rdng- Tten, col ngudn cao quy cOa ddn tpc va do do, tuc thd eOng Hung Vuong thue su Id tfn ngudng bin ^a/thuin Viet.
- Bdi tupng dupc ton vinh, thd eung tai din HOng, theo ed GS.Tran Qude Vuong la "hien tUpng silu tim llnh'euangfl^Viet-Qude To HOng Vucmg.
'Biy khdng phai IdTd rieng eua mpt gia dinh, rilng mpt ddng hp, rilng mpt xom ldng, thdm ehf rilng mpt vung, md Id Td cOa cd nUdc.
- Be duy tri v i thue hanh tfn ngfldng thd eung HOng Vuong, cha dng ta dd sdng tao ddng thdi hai loai hinh di sin vin hoa vit the vd phi vdt the. B6 la he thdng din thd HOng VflOng vd le hdl din HOng- ngdy gio Td Hung VucJng, ma pham vi dnh hfldng da lan tda ra khip mpi vOng, miln dat nfldc
- Hat nhan tdm linh trong tin ngfldng thd cOng Hung Vflcmg cdn dupe eOng ed bang eae truyin thuyet huyen thoai, thin phi vd sic phong md tilu bilu nhit la huyln thoai Lac Long Quin - Au Co, Weu tflpng vdn hda eao dep ve y thfle epi ngudn dan tpc.
- Nit ddc ddo trong tin ngudng thd cung HOng Vucmg thi hien rd trong qui trinh hinh thanh vd phdt triln cua nd. Do Id qud trinh diln tiln tir thap din cao vd lien tyc dUpc vun bdi bang cae IPp vdn boa tfl nhieu ddi nay. Tfl quan nilm trilt ly "van vdt bflu linh", ngudl Viet ed da iUa ehpn thin Nui/Son thin Idm ddi tupng ton thd trin dinh nui thiing NghTa Linh vd dan hinh thdnh tfn ngfldng thO Thanh hoang lang HOng Vflcmg. Thi ky XIV - XV, nhi Le men bit dau cho soan ngpe phi Hung Vuong v i ndng cap viee thd eOng Hung VflOng thdnh cap qudc gia. Den thOi Tdy Son va thPl Nguyen, tfn ngfldng ndi tiln lai dflpe nang tam hon nfla bing cac sic phong cOa trilu dinh, giao eho ede Idng quanh din HOng phil ehim lo viec thO tfl, eOng gio.
Tinh dae sic trong tfn ngfldng thd cung HOng VflOng Id P khia eanh tfl sang tao/sang kiln cOa cpng ddng efl ddn Idng xd dan dflpe "nhi nude hda", l3di cic trieu dai phong kiln Vilt Nam trong qui khflvi dugc thing hoa len tim cao mdi trong thPi dai Ho Chi Minh.
-Tfn ngudng thd eung Hung Vucmg khdng chf xuat phit tfl y thflc edi ngudn dan tpc, nhu ciu cd kit epng ddng, tao ra sflc manh dai dodn kit cOa ci dan tpc d l xdy dflng vd bdo ve non sdng, dat nude tiUde thipn tai, djch hpa/nan ngoai xam, md cdn duoc hinh thdnh vd thdng hoa trin nin tang Ijeh sfl- CO ting van hoa rflc rd, vdl cac dl chi khdo cd hpc Phung Nguyin, ddng Biu, gd Mun, Bdng San._, dupc phdt tiien trong khu vue din Hung, PhO Thp va nhilu vOng miln khie d Bic Bp.
'/oi
Bang VSn Bai: Pen HOng va tm nguong thocung Hung Vuor\q''>^^^
0
"NguPi anh hung vdn h6a"Hung Vuong budc ra t f l huyln thoai vd truyin thuyet dan gian d l nhap than vdo dPi sdng dflOng dai, nhung khdng phii t f l edi hUvdTheo phuong phaptiep can vdn hda hpe, huyen thoai v i truyin thuyet Id "hdi quang"eua Ijch sfl, khdng p h i l la hien thflc Ijch sfl ma Id bong d i n g cOa Ijch sfl - chung ehfla dimg trong do nhflng hat nhan Ijeh sfl. Co Thu tudng Pham Van Bong dd r i t minh trilt khi n h i n djnh:"Nhflng truyen thuyet dan gian thuOng cd mpt eai Idl la sU that Ijeh sfl md nhdn ddn qua nhilu t h i he dd iy tfldng boa, giA vdo dd t i m tinh tha thiet eua minh eung vPi thO vd mpng, chap ddi eanh cOa tri tudng tupng va nghe thudt dan gian idm nen nhuhg sdng tdc van hoa md dPl dPi con ngudi ua thich"'.Thue t l Ijeh sfl eung chflng td truyin thuylt da chap canh cho tin ngfldng thP Cling HOng VUOng thdng hoa vd ban sdu vdo trong tam thflc cic t h i be ngudl Viet Nam hang ngan ddi nay. B i l u dd khang djnh, d i n Hiing, tin ngudng thP cung HOng Vuong v i le hdl d i n Himg e6 vi tri dde biet trong tdm thflc chung ta hom nay, ddng thdi cdn dflpe x i p vj trf bang d i u trong he thong t h i n dien tdi linh cua Viet Nam. Nhin lai he thong "Tfl bat tCT ma mpi ngudi da thfla nhdn Id bdn vj than tdi linh, ta thay cd d i n ba vj than (Tin Vien Son Thinh, Thinh Gidng vd Thanh Chfl Bdng Tfl) c6 tiln quan true t i l p d i n cic vua Hung (con re, tudng ITnh c6 cdng giup ddn, giup nUde} vdi nhiihg truyin thuyet p h i n i n h eie bleu tupng van hoa ddc sac cua Viet Nam. Do do, HOng VUcJng vdi tU each la vj Qude To khai sing, chic ehin ducjc x i p tren T f l bat til"trong than dien Viet.
1.2- Ngoai nhCfng n i t v i n hda ddc sac phan tich d tren, tin ngudng thd cung HOng Vuong eon phdn i n h dugc nhflng d i e d i l m ehung nhat trong cie boat dpng tdn gido, tfn ngfldng cOa Viet Nam. Bo la n i l m tin v i sfl simg bdi, thanh kinh ddi vPi than thanh hay cdc tflc tflpng silu nhien vd sieu nhdn, vdo cupe sdng sau khi ehet. Bo cung Id eo sd d l xde tap mdi quan be vd tde dpng qua tai gifla t h i n thdnh v i eon nguPi. Va do dd, niem tin trong tfn ngudng ndi chung va tin ngudng thO cung HOng Vuong ndi rieng td sfl mac dinh, tfl nguyen, thanh kfnh cof Id c6 that khdng ddi hdl su gidi thfeh hay ehflng minh khoa bpc. Tfn ngfldng dan gian ludn ed myc t i l u trong sang la huPng con ngUPi d i n cii ehin - thien - my. Vi t h i , eie hien tUpng t u nhien va xa hpi, cdc ddi tucffig dupe tdn thp, cae hoat ddng
tin ngudng deu dugc nhdn thflc b i n g trUc gldc, qua chiem nghiem, trai nghiem mang tinh e i nhan va duy tri, cung cd dfle tin bang cae nghi thfle le hoi va ea bang ty te cOa con tim.
Tin ngudng thd cOng Hung VUOng cd nhifng dong gdp quan trpng cho viec thUc hanh cdcchiJc nang xa hpi cua vdn hda. Trude h i t Id ede g i i tri ve nhdn thfle, g i i o dye, ddo luyen nhdn edeh vin hoa, djnh hfldng hanh vi con ngfldi, chuyen hoa eie gia trj dao dflc thanh hanh dpng eho eie cd nhan, cac nhdm cpng ddng xa hpi. Trip den, tin ngfldng thd eiing HOng Vflong va Ie hpi den Hiing cdn true tiep t i c dpng den viec binh thanh bdn sac van hoa Viet Nam. Dd Id "Long yeu nflde ndng ndn, y thflc ti(
cfldng ddn toe, tinh than dodn k i t y thflc cpng ddng g i n k i t ca nhdn - gia dinh - ldng xa - td quoc;
long nhan di, khoan dung, trpng nghTa tinh, dao ly;
dflc tinh can cii, sdng tao trong lao dong, sutinh te trong flng xfl, tinh g i i n dj trong Idi sdng"^ Nhung ed le, long y l u nfldc nong ndn Id truyin thong tA dep nhat trong bang gid trj van bda Viet Nam. Tuy rang, y l u t d quyet djnh lam nen b i n sae van hoa dan tpe, l i m eho no khdng giong cic quoe gia, dan tpc khae phai la c i he thong cic gia tri van hoa truyin thdng, nhflng chi xet neng ITnh vflc hoat dpng tdn gido, ti'n ngfldng, thi d i n Hiing da la mot h i l n tucmg vdn hda dpc dao eua Viet Nam ma ta rat it thay 6 cac quoc gia khde. Tren t h i gldl, hilm c6 loai blnh tin ngudng ddn gian nao tao dUpc siJ ddng thudn vd nhat q u i n gifla cpng ddng v i nhi nUPe lai t r i i qua nhieu the e h l chinh trj - xd hpi nhU h i l n tuong den Hung vd le hdl d i n Hung.
CP the col ddy la dfle tin tin ngudng thuan Vi^t da vupt qua mpi thOi dai de trd thanh bleu tupng cho khdt vpng trudng tdn, dpe lap tU chO liu dai, vmh vien vd ude mo ve su phdn vinh cOa quoc gia, ddn tpe. Cdn the he hom nay p h i i sat cdnh ciing nhau thue hien tdi day cOa Bic Hd: "Cic vua Hiing da CO edng dung nude, Bde ehiu ta p h i i cung nhau gifltiy nflde". Vdo thdi diem hien tai, tin ngfldng * 9 cOng HOng Vuong dd dat tdi dinh diem eua sif thang hoa d l trd thdnh ngay hpi non sdng, ngay hdi eOa t o i n dan (theo thdng ke eOa Vien Vdn hoa, Nghe t h u i t Viet Nam, c i nudeta ed tdi 1.417di tich thd Hung Vuong va eie n h i n vat thdi Hung VUdng.
B i l u do chflng td, tfn ngfldng thO Hung VflOngB nhu eiu vdn hda - tdm linh c6 thuc cOa ngudI Vift Nam 6 trong nfldc vd nfldc ngoai, tin ngfldng nJy
5^ 5 (44) - 2013 - n san vdn *iaa p/w i«t t h / ngiy edng khang ^ n h vl tri vflng chac trong ddi sdng xd hdl duong dai. Bo la co sd khoa hoe de tin ngudng thP eflng HUng VUOng P den Hung, PhO Thp dupe UNESCO xem x i t vd dUa vdo Danh saeh Di sin vdn boa phi vat the dai dien cua n h i n loai, va tiong chflng mfle nao do, gdp mat lam nen net da dang van hda eOa t h i gidi.
2- Bdo tdn khu di tich lich sd din Hiing vd li hdi den Hung gdn vdi phdt trien bin vdng
2.1- Co sd phap ly v i khoa hpc cho eie boat dpng bdo ton cac di tieh ljch sfl • van hda v i danh lam t h i n g c i n h (gpi tat la di tfeh) noi ehung va khu di tfeh lich sfl den HOng (goi tat la d i n HOng) ndi rieng.
Theo thdng 11, chO truong, ducftig Idl chinh saeh cOa Ddng vd Nha nude bao gid cung dupe phdp d i l n hoa, ey the hda bang cic van ban quy pham p h i p ludt Trong "Ldi md dau" eua Ludt di sdn vdn hoa nam 2001, dupc sfla ddi, bd sung ndm 2009, Nha nflde da tijnh trpng cdng bd rd hai myc tilu eo ban trong ITnh vue dl sdn vdn hda la:"Bio v l yd p h i t huy g i i tri di s i n vdn hda, ddp flng nhu cau van hda ngay cang eao eOa nhdn ddn, gpp phan xdy dung vd phat trien nen van hda Viet Nam tien tiln, dam dd bdn sac dan tpc va ddng gdp vdo kho tdng di sin vdn hda t h i g i d i " v i "Tang cudng hieu lyc q u i n ly nhd nudc, n i n g eao trieh nhlem cOa nhan dan trong viec tham gia bao v l va phdt huy gia trj di sin van hda"^ Bdo ve va phat huy gid tri den HOng chae chin eung p h i i hfldng tdi hai muc tieu quan trong ndi tren b i n g phuong thfle k i t hop h i i hda gifla hai mat boat dpng: Ndng eao vai trd quan ly cua Nha nudc vd g i i o due di s i n van hda, Idm cho cpng ddng cu ddn tinh PhO Thp ndi chung vd cae Idng xa trong khu vUc den Hung ndi rieng nhdn thfle rd tiich nhiem tham gia cdc boat dpng b i o ve v i phat huy g i i tri di sin vdn hda.
Ngodi ra, cdc vdn b i n quy pham p h i p luat guy hoach b i o tdn cung dupe eol l i mpt trong nhflng cong eu q u i n ly nhd nfldc cd y nghTa quan trpng ddi vdi boat dpng bdo ve vd phdt huy gid trj di tich.
Dd Id ly do ngdy 24/7/2001, Bd tiUdng Bp Vdn hda- Thdng tin (nay la Bp Vdn boa, T h i thao vd Ou Ijeh) da ed Quylt djnh sd 1706/2001/QD-BVHTT, phe duy§t"Quy hoach tong t h i bdo ton va phdt huy gia trj di ti'ch Ijeh sfl - v i n hda va danh lam t h i n g c i n h d i n ndm 2020". Co nghia la, d i n thOi diem h l l n nay, khung phdp ly vd khoa hpc trong Quy hoaeh tdng
the noi t r i n van eon hieu lUe de chOng ta thue h i l n . Trong khudn khd eua bai viet ndy, ehOng ta ehl ed the trao ddi v l nhflng quan diem khoa hpc can dflpe q u i n triet trong hoat dpng b i o ve v i phat huy g i i trj d i n HOng vd le hpi den HOng. Xin dan ra ddy 4quan d i l m co b i n da dupe khang djnh trong Quy hoach tong t h i neu t r i n :
-Vile bao tdn vd phdt huy gid trj eie di tich Ijeh sfl - vdn boa vd danh lam t h i n g cdnh (sau day gpi tat Id di tfeh) phdi d i m bdo tfnh tiung thue cOa Ijch sfl hinh thdnh cac di tfch, khong dflpe Idm sai lech cie gid trj vd ddc diem vdn ed eOa nd, phai gifl gin nguyen ven, khong Idm b i l n doi nhiihg yeu to eiu t h i n h di tfeh, b i o d i m tfnh nguyen gde eua di tieh;
- Bdo tdn p h i i g i n vdi phat huy nhflng g l i trj vdn hoa vdt the va phi v i t the cOa di tich, vdi sU p h i t trien kinh te - xa hpi cua dja phuong, sfl p h i t trien cOa eae ngdnh hflu quan, n h i t Id ede n g i n h Du lich, Giao thong cdng chinh, Xay dflng... Quy hoach bao tdn vd phdt huy gia trj di tich nham dat co sd phdp ly va khoa bpc; tao dieu kien thuan lpi cho viee xay dung eae ehien lupe, quy hoach phdt trien kinh t l - xa hoi cOa cac nginh v i dia phuong (nghTa la b i o tdn p h i i gan k i t vd phye vu cho phat trien - B.V.B);
-Tao lap sU hdi boa gifla phdt trien kinh te, qud tiinh do thj hda vdl b i o ve ede di tfch, ngdn chdn tinh trang tan ehiim d i t dai vd xdy dflng ede cong trinh khong phO hpp trong cac khu vuc b i o ve cOa di tfch;
- Ndng eao vai tro qudn ty cua Nhd nUde, thfle h l l n xa hpi hda hoat dpng b i o tdn vd phdt huy gid tri ede di tfeh; huy dpng tdi da cac ngudn lUe trong nuPc va n g o i i nuPe, ndng cao nhdn thflc v i sfl tham gia ddng gdp cOa t o i n xa hpi trong vile quan ly, bao tdn vd phdt huy g l i tri di tieh (xfl ty mdi quan he gifla eo quan qudn ty nha nude vd edng ddng - B.V.B).
Vert t u cieh l i Pho ban, dupe true tiep tham gia xdy dung Quy hoach tong the ndi tren, nay nhin lal tdl thiy, nhufng quan diem co b i n cfla no van edn gid tri thuc tien va phu hpp vdi ede khuyen nghj trong ede Cdng udc cOa UNESCO lien quan d i n ITnh vuc di sin vdn hoa va bat kjp xu t h i phdt trien cOa eie nude tren t h i gidi. Van d l ddt ra Id, chung ta se h i l n thuc hda cdc quan d i l m dd n h u t h i ndo trong ede quy hoach cung nhUdUan bao ve vd phat huy gia tri d i n Himg d Phu Thp.
Theo sd lieu cOa Cye Di san v i n boa, ehung ta 5 >
Ding Van Bai Sen Huf^ v3 pn ngudng tha cung Hiing Vuang..
da phit bien vd thdng ke dupe hon 4 van di tieh qua ede dpt kiem ke di tich trong ci nude. Con theo tii lieu cOa Wen Van hda Nghe t h u i t ea nUPe ta cd 1.417 di tieh, trong do rilng tinh PhuThp dd eo hon 100 di ti'ch tbPvua HOng v i cdc nhdn vat thOi Hung Vuong. Con so thong k l neu tren mpt mat eho phlp ehung ta tu hao v l su giau c6, phong phO vd da dang trong kho tdng di sdn van hda ddn toe. Mat khic, dd cung Id thieh thfle IPn tao md the he cOa chung ta hdm nay phii cOng nhin ddn Phti Thp nd lflc vflpt qua. V<^ dilu kiln kinh te - xd bpi eOa dat nude hien nay, chung ta khdng co khi ndng dip flng yeu eau, cung mdt tOc bao ve t i t ei 4 van dl tich nPi ehung v i hon 1 ngdn di tfch lien quan den Hiing Vucmg ndi rieng (dO Nhd nUPe eo Uu tien diu tu ldn din bao nhl^u v i buy dpng dupe toi da eie ngudn luc trong xa hdl). Phii khang djnh, mong mudn bio ve t i t c i di ttch la i o tUdng vd duy y ehi, vi viec bao ve va phit huy gia tij di tich li boat ddng ddi hdl ngudn vdn rat IPn, md ngay cd cdc qudc gia giau cd cung khdng thue hien dupc Gidi phdp thfeh hpp nhat van td nghiin eflu, phin toai va tfla chpn xip hang (di tfch qude gia ddc biet di tich qude gia, di tich cap tinh), ddt dfldi sfl bio hp eCia phip luit eae di tfeh co gid trj tieu bieu va Uu tien dau tu tu bd, tdn tao cic di tfch dang trong tinh trang xuong cap nghiem trpng theo trinh tU Uu tien trong Chuong trinh qudc gia ed mue tieu "ehdng xudng cap, ton tao cdc di tich" m i Qude hpi v i Chfnh phO da Ong hp nginh ehung ta. d tat ei cdc quoc gia, xip hang dl tfch tudn dupc eol la "cdng cu'qudn ly hiifu hl^u cdc boat dpng bdo ve va phat huy gli trj di tfch. Vd, do cung td thai dp iifng xfl ma ta nen tua chpn ddi vdi ede di tieh lien quan tdi tin ngudng thd cOng vua Hung, tat nhiln la phii quan tam truPe hit den khu di tfeh din Hung trin nOi NghTa LTnh, tinh Phu Thp. Ly do chO yeu ta vi tin ngudng thP eOng vua Hung da dUpc UNESCO dUa vdo Danh myc di sin van hda phi vdt the cOa t h i gicri vd din HOng ehfnh la mpttrong mudi di tieh dau tiln dflpe Thu tucmg Chfnh phu quylt djnh xip hang dl tfch qude gia dac biet
Xit v l bdn chat din HOng td khdng gian vdn boa - tam linh mang tinh chat Iflu niem "anh bOng vdn hda' Hung Vflong. Gid trj tieu bieu cOa din HOng v l co ban dflpe hun dOe lai trong hat nhan vdn hoa - tdm linh Id tin ngfldng thP eung vua HOng vd le hdi den HOng. Cung eo nghTa, ehung ta can
quan tam chil yeu tdl cac gia tri van boa phi vit tN cua den Himg.
Phuong huong chien luoc va giai phap bao tor^
phat huy gia tri van hoa phi vat the trong ie hpi deri Hiing, chiing ta co the tim thay trong noi dung Oieu 25 cua Luot disdn van hoa nam 2001, dupc sfla dot, bo sung nam 2009: "Nha nudc tao dieu kien duy trt va phat huy gia tr; van hda ciia le hoi truyen thong thong qua cac bien phap sau day:
1 -Tao dieu kien thuan lpi cho viec to ehflc le hpi;
2- Khuyen khich viee td chflc hoat dpng vari' hoa, van nghe dan gian truyen thong gan vPi le hoi;' 3- Phuc dung co chon loc nghi thfle le hoi truyen thdng;
4- Khuyen khfch viec hUdng ddn, pho bien r6ng rai 6 trong nU6c va nu6c ngoai ve nguon j goc, noi dung gia tri truyen thdng tieu bieu, dgc '•
dao cua le hpi"".
Oen day, c6 the khang dinh, chung ta dang co day dil CO s6 phap ly va khoa hoc phii hop vPi xu the phat trien ciia the giPi de thflc hanh cac hoat dong baove va phat huy gia tn ciia den Hung. The thi vi sao thai gian qua, tren cdc phuong tien thong tin dai chiing van con cac y kien phan bien trai chieu nhau ve hoat dong bao veva phdt huy ditich den Hiing. Day la cau hoi te nhi va phfle tap khong the ly giai het trong khuon khd bai viet nay.Toi cho rang, nguyen nhan chinh la do ea cong dong (toan xa hoi va ngu'oi dan Phu Thp) va cac phuang tien thong tin dai chimg chua nhan thflc sau sdc, chinh xac nhUng ngi dung dUdc quy dinh trong iuotdi sdn van hoa, ciing nhuy thflc ton trpng phap luat chua cao, nen cac nganh, cac cap, cac cO quan quan ly nha nuPc c6 lien quan, thdm chi vi lpi fch ca nhan, cue bo ma con co nhflng hdnh vi vi pham luoldi son van hoa. Van de dat ra P thdi diem hien nay la, toan dan phai thuc sU ton trong phap ludt, song va lam viec theo phap ludt de di san van h6a noi chung va di tich, le hpi den Himg ndi rieng dUpc bao ve nghiem tuc va phat huy gia tri trong dcfl song xa hoi duong dai.
2,2- Bao ve va phat huy gia tri den Hiing phai song hanh va phucvu cho muc tieu phat trien kinh te - xa hpi cua ca nuac va tinh Phii Tho
Cau hdJ Ion dat ra la, tam the nao de cac gia tfl vanhoa vat theva phi vat the eua den Hiing c6 the trd thanh nhung luc luong vat chat thuc sU can thiet cho "cong cupc kien thiet dat nuac" vaco tac
5tf 3 (44) - 2013 - W san vSn hdaphiv^tth/
'Cudp Ida gidng" trong h()l iiing Trpo, th[ trin Hiing Son, Um Thao. Phii Thp - Anh; Tu l i ^ Cijc Dl sin vin h(Sa
dung thiic diy phdt trien kinh te - xa hdl. Biy li nhilm vy khdng don giin, khd cd the gidi quylt trong mpt thdi gian ngin. Chung ta dang "mdy md', the nghiem eie glil phip xfl ly thda dang nhOrig mdu thuan khong trdnh khoi trong qud trinh hdi nhdpvd phdt trien. Bd Id nhflng cap mdu thuan gifla: kinh t l vd vdn hda, phit triln va bio ton, truyin thdng va hiln dal, dan tpc vd qudc te.
VI bdn ehat tin ngfldng thd to tien Id quan niem v l su cd mat cua td tien gifla con ehau - nhflng ngflPi dang song, eung nhU sfl hien diln cOa qud khfl trong ddi sdng dUOng dai. Vi vay, tfn ngfldng thd td tfen dugc coi Id "spi diy" ring bupe vd lien kit gifla cdc t h i h^ con ngudi (ngudi da khuit - ngudi dang sdng - ngudi se sinh thdnh trong tuong lai). Vile thue hanh tfn ngfldng thd HOng VflOng la the hien thai dp tdn vinh, kinh trpng ngflPi da khuit thuong yeu, hieu thudn vdi ngudi dang sdng, tich luy vd trao truyin ede gli trj vin hda truyen thdng trong le hpi den HOng cho nhflng Idp ngUPl k l tilp, phii la muc tilu Idn de chung ta theo dudi.
Tuy nhiln, di sdn vdn hda phi vat the ndi chung vd II hpi den HOng ndi rieng khdng ehi gin bd vdi ede chO the van hda (cpng ddng cu dan khu vuc
dlnHitng] mi ePn boa quyf n vdo khong gian sinh thai - nhan van, noi di sin dupe sang tao ra vd dang hien dien, thUe hdnh trong ddi sdng duong dai cOa cpng dong. Bilu dd ed nghTa Id, tfn ngudng thd HOng Vuong cung nhu le hpi den HOng khdng 'nhit thdnh bit bien", chiing nhat thiet phii ham ehiiia nhflng nhin td mang tfnh Ijch sfl, dong thOi phii mang hoi thd cOa thdi dai ma chO tbi van hda eung nhu chO sd hflu di sin vdn hda dang sdng, Idm viec vd tiep tyc sdng tao. Do dd, tin ngudng thd HOng Vuong vd le hpi den Hung da dupc sang tao ra, dang dflpe bio luu, phdt huy gid trj va se duoe ehuyin giao qua nhieu t h i he eon ngudl, li ci mdt qua trinh sing Ipc, lUa ehpn va sing tao khdng ngflng nghi. Cie t h i he k l tiep nhau ed quyln binh ding trong viec thfla hudng cde gli tri van hda truyin thdng do cha dng de lai, ddng thdi ed trdch nhilm lua chpn nhflng gi la tinh hoa nhit de bio tdn vd chuyen giao cho cac the he sau. Tren co sd k l thira ed chpn Ipc cde tinh hoa vdn boa, chiing ta ePn phdi ludn sing tao nhCTng gii tri van hoa mdi vd bd sung lam eho kho tdng di sin van hda eOa qudc gia ngiy cdng phong phu va da dang hon. Tfn ngUdng thd Hung Vuong va le bpi den Hung md chOng ta ed traeh
te
'E
o
pang Vin Bai: P i ^ Hiify i-a E/'n ngiwng thdcung Hiing Vuotlg...^-^^-- 'T^*^'
nhi^m b i o v l chic ehan ciing h i m ehfla nhflng dau i n sing tao qua nhilu glai doan Ijeh sfl, chfl khdng t h i t i c i i gi do con nguyen xl nhu IOc chflng mdi dUgc sang tao ra. Trong qud trinh p h i t trien, sdng tao hay con gpi Id "cdi bien" cde nghi thflc gan vdi tin ngudng thd Hung Vuong vd le hpi den Hung, cd c i i chung ta dd Idm dung, eOng eo eai sal n h l l u hoae sai ft (ein kip thdi chinh sfla), nhflng nhat t h i l t phdi sdng tao vd thich nghi eho phO hpp vdi nhu eau xa hpi h i l n dai, nhat Id nhu cau cua cpng ddng c u d i n xung quanh d i n Hung (vdi t f l each Id chO the van hoa), thi mdi dugc chap nhdn vd tilp tye tdn tai, phat trien trong tuong lai.
Con ngupc lai bode bao thO, eflng nhic, duy y ehi, tat yeu se bi dao t h i i , loai trfl, t h i m chf tan lul. Ljch sflvd van hda mdi mdi Id nhflthe, khdng the chap nhan sfl ddng eflng v i bat b i l n .
Bao ve va p h i t huy gia trj van hda truyen thdng ludn p h i i hudng d i n phue vu p h i t trien, m i mye tilu la p h i t trien con ngudl. Cdn sang tao lal dupe hieu Id su ddi mdi thUOng xuyIn de tao ra ede gid trj mdi mang tfnh hien dai.
Hien dai dupc hieu Id cdi cd ich, cd gia trj. Id thdi dp flng xfl eOa t h i he trude vdi t h i he sau vd ngupe tai. Hien dai cdn la sutich hpp "tinh h l l n dal", cie g i i tri cOa nhilu t h i he, cOa nhilu thdnh phan xd hpi di l i m nen e i i h i l n dai/eii dang hien dl^n eua duong thPi vd dde biet khong dupe phep lan ldn gifla h i l n dai boa vdi phflong Tay bda. Sfl lap lai mpt sach sdng sUpng tat cd cdc y l u t d nudc ngoai vao vdn hda Vilt Nam chfnh la sutha boa.
Mdt m a t phdi "hien dal hda" yeu to van boa truyin thdng, tfle la tao co e h l ehfnh sdch phu hpp de gid trj vdn hoa truyen thdng tim dupc cho dflng, cd sfl sdng trong xd hpi duong dai vd cd the phdt t r i l n trong tuong lal, ddng thdi c6 k h i n i n g thda man, ddp flng d i y du nhu eiu eua xa hpi mdi. Ylu to truyen thdng p h i l trd thanh nhu eau gan k i t q u i khfl, h i l n tai vd tao cOsd cho tflOng lai t i l p tyc phdt trien. Mat khae, cPn p h i i "truyin thdng hoa" cai gpi Id hien dai, cd nghia la mpi boat dpng sang tao gia tri vdn boa mdi noi chung, eie sin pham v i n hda, cac loai blnh dieh vu du lich d d i n HOng ndi rieng phai mang ducK. hoi thd cua thdi dai, tiep thu dupc y l u td tiln bp, thanh tUu khoa hpe ky thudt eua the gidi md v i n tham dam ban sac van boa dan tpc, khong bj lal cing, rap khudn mot each may moc cdc md hinh vdn bda t f l nude ngodi.
Tfl quan diem trinh b i y d tren, ehung ta cin khie phye mot sd khuynh hUdng sai lieh trong thUc h i n h tin ngudng thd Hung VUOng va to chile le hpi d i n HOng thdi gian g i n diy. Thfl nhat chiing ta i p dyng may moc cac phflcjng p h i p td ehflirsu kien v i n hda theo mo hinh phUcmg Tiy de thu hut khdeh du Ijch md sao nhang vile gido dye di sin de eho epng dong hieu rd ban chat cdt loi cOa tfn ngudng thd HOng Vueffig eung nhU cic mat gia trj van hda phi vdt the tilu bieu eOa le hdl d i n Hiing.
Thfl hai, trong chflng mfle ndo do, ehiing ta van thien v l xu hflPng "nhd nUdc h6a' va e i "quan phupng h6a"le hdi den HOng. Cae can bp quin ly van hda, eie nha khoa hpe ehua thUc sU tdn trpng va ddnh g i i dOng mfle vai tro eOa edng ddng cudin dja phuong (ngUcri ddn xa Hy CUOng vd ngUdi dan PhO Thp), vl t h i cde hinh thflc sinh boat le hgi thuPng bi i p dat t f l tren xudng m i khdng phii la sang kiln tfl dfldi len, dac b i l t l i h l l n tflpng 'sin khau hda" theo mpt kjeh b i n le hdl (do cdc eong ty td ehflc sfl k i l n d l xuat ma khdng cd y k i l n cOa cae n h i nghien cflu am hieu v l den Hiing vd chfla c6 y kien ddng thudn cOa epng ddng). Thfl ba, do qua chO trpng d i n viee td ehfle le hdl trong djp miing 10 t h i n g Ba hang ndm tai khu vfle d i n Hiing md chua thUe su khuyin khfch, ho trp vd budng d i n cho edng ddng efl ddn cac dja phuong co d i n , dmh thd HOng Vuong vdi t u cdch kep la Thanh hoang Idng/Quoc Td khai sang. Tdi righT rang, n l u chOng ta tao lap dupc sfl can bang trong vile td ehii'c le hpi tai nui Nghia LTnh cung nhu tai hem 100 dinh, d i n thp HOng Vuong trong dja ban tinh PhO Tho, thi cdng tde bdo ve va phdt huy gid trj den HOng, se e6 hieu q u i ldn hon.
2.3-To chflc du Ijch dOng huPng de g6p phSn phat huy gid tri khu di tich d i n Hiing
Du Ijch Id boat dpng cao cap eOa eon ngUdl, hudng tdl myc tieu thPa mdn nhu eau eim nhdn, budng thy cac gid trj van hda v i t the v i phi vat the do eon ngudi sdng tao ra d ngoai khu viie eu tni thudng xuyen. Ve b i n ehat van hda l i npi dung dieh thuc cCia du Ijeh. Di san van hda l i d i l u kiln va eung Id mdi trudng de phdt trien du Ijeh, cd vai tro quyet djnh quy md, t h i loai, chat lupng vd h l l u qui phat tiien du Ijch. Ngupc lai, du lieh gpp p h i n quan trpng vao viec phat huy gia tri eiia di sin van h6a, ddng thdi tao lap tiln d l vdt chat ngudn thu d l tu bd, ton tao cdc di tich Ijeh sfl - van boa. Vi t h i , ndi
5o3 (44)-2013-fla 'nhda phi vat the bdo ton tin ngudng thO Hung Vuong vd le hpi den Hung gan vdi phat trien l^en vuTng eOng bao ham c i npi dung p h i t tiien du lich.
Vdn boa du Ijch la sfl dung, khai thic cic g i i trj van hda truyin thdng phuc vy phat t r i l n du Ijch vd lam cho du Ijch cP chat van hda hon. Mat khde, van hda du lich edn la sU ket hop gifla hai myc tilu kinh doanh va van boa, l i m eho eie sin pham du lieh cp hdm lupng trf tue vd vdn hda eao hOn. Va, theo dd, gid trj sdn pham du lieh eung dupc n i n g len. Van hda du Ijch ddt ra yeu eau nghien cflu, p h i t hien cdc gid tri vdn hda tleu bleu cua den HOng de phye vy cho du khich. Bong thdi, vdn hda du Ijeh lai gop phan gido dye di sin vdn hda cho cpng dong (cpng ddng cu d i n dia phuong, du khich d i n cie d i l m du Ijch vd ngudi kinh doanh du Ijeh, ngUdi lam dich vy du Ijch) phdi cd thai dp flng xfl vdn hda vdi mdi trudng thien nhien, moi trfldng sinh thai - nhan vdn eung nhuede gid tri vdn hda cOa d i n Hung (khong x i ric, l i m d nhiem mdi trudng, khdng tac ddng la hu hai dl tfch, khdng ehdt chem, deo bdm, I p gia ddi vdi du khich...). Cuoi cung, vdn hda du lich la nhdn td tao ra blnh i n h tdt dep cOa dat nflOe chiing ta trong Idng du khaeh va x i y dflng thuong bleu du Ijeh qudc gia. Nhin t f l gde dp kinh t l , mPt sdn pham du ljeh vdn hda bao gid cung co cdc mat g i i trj co b i n l i : g i i trj vdn hda, gia tri sfl dung v i g l i trj kinh tl.Tfnh vupt trdi cOa sin pham du Ijch van hda ducfi dang di sin van hda vd bdo tdng la 6 cho cd the khai thdc lau dai, phuc vu eho nhieu loai du khdeh vd b i n dupc n h i l u I i n , eho nhilu ngudi. BPI vi sin pham du Ijch van hda la loai hdng hPa d i e b i l t chi mua va khai thdc gid trj sfldung ma khdng dupc sd h i ^ sin pham.
Vdi trudng hpp d i n Hung, chOng ta n i n lua chpn hai hinh thfle du Ijch co b i n Id du lieh van hoa vd du lich t i m linh/binh hflcmg ve eoi ngudn.
Nganh du lich da xie dinh:'Du Ijeh vdn hda l i hinh thfle du Ijch dfla vao b i n sic van hoa d i n tpc, vdi sutham gia cOa epng ddng, n h i m bdo tdn va phat huy eie gia trj v i n hda truyin thdng"^ Cdn du ljch t i m linh la suket hop hai blnh thflc banh hflOng va du ljch den nhflng d i l m t h i n g tfch, eie khong gian van hda - linh thieng, md den HOng Id trudng hpp d i l n hinh.
Bdn chat cOa du hch tdm Iinh Id hudng thflpng/hudng thien. Id tao co hpi cho du khdeh thue hanh trdi nghiem vd song trong mdi trudng
thanh tinh, de dugc ehiem bdi, cau nguyin, tu tap k i t hpp vdi thugidn, ehdm soe than vd tdm cOa moi ea n h i n . Tiln sT A.PJ. Abdul Kalam, cuu Tdng thdng An Bp CO n h i n x i t r i t minh triet v l du Ijch t i m linh.
Theo 6ng:"Du tjch t i m linh hodn todn khae vdi v i l e tham quan ede dja danh vd ngam nhin cac chieu kfch v i t ly. Du Ijch tam linh cd nghTa la tham vieng t r i i tim vd tam tri ciia cdc bac h i l n tillt"'. Quan d i l m ndy hodn toan dung vdi trudng hpp d i n HOng vd le hdi d i n HOng.
Trong bdi canh cdng nghiep hda, h i l n dai hda dang dien ra vdl tdc dp don dap, ddi sdng vat c h i t c i n g dupc c i i thien, xd hpi cdng hien dai, dd xuat hien mdt xu hudng mdi Id, con nguPi c6 nhu cau rat da dang trong ddi sdng tinh t h i n , nham can b i n g vdi cupc song xo bd, tran tuc. Va, du lich tam linh, trong chimg mfle ndo do cd the ddp Ung dflpe nhu eiu do eua nhdn loai. Dfle Dat La Lat Ma - thO tinh tinh than ciia Phit g i i o lay Tang da that ehf tinh khi v i l t "Co hpi tham quan cdc diem hdnh hflong efla ede truyin thdng vdn hda khie dd giOp tdi n h i n c h i n rang, du ljeh tdm linh ddng vai tro quan trpng trong viec nudi ldn su hieu biet vd t h i l t lap SU hda hpp lien ton. Toi tin tUdng rang, chOng ta ein no lue n h i l u hon nfla d l d i m b i o rang, eie tdn giao IPn tren t h i gidi se l i l n k i t tiem nang eon ngfldi lai, nham phye vu n h i n foal v i cflu sdng hdnh tinh chung ta mpt each tdt dep haT\. Ddng thdi, thdng qua dd, ehOng ta eung no lue g l i m thieu toi da cac xung dot dudi danh nghTa tdn gido"'.
Ddi vdi ehung ta, du ljeh tdm linh/hdnh hUOng v l d i n Hung la eo hdi tilp can va t r i l nghiem su tfeh hop cac tang "ky flc Ijch sfl" cOa nhieu t h i he ngUcS Viet Nam v l cpi nguon eao quy d i n tpc/cha Rdng - me Tien, v l vj Quoe Td khai sdng qude gia, dan t p c Hdnh hudng v l d i n Hung, ehung ta edn eo hpi t i l p can cic g i i trj van hoa truyin thong trong tfn ngudng thd td tiln vd le hpi d i n Hung d l t u thanh Ipe thin/tam minh vd de nudi dUdng tinh yeu q u i huong dat nUdc, long b i l t on, tdn kinh vdi to tien/hudng vao mue tieu vun bdi t i m tri theo tinh than minh triet \fiet
Khi chOng ta xiy dUng cac du i n phat t r i l n du ljeh tam linh/binh huong ve den HOng, ehung ta se dat dupc nhilu muc tieu dat ra:
-Tao ra nhilu sin pham, djeh vy du Ijch mang sac thai dia phuong v i phu hpp vdi d i l u k i l n t f l
l"^
3 . >
1
9Sr\q van Bai: Pen Hung va tin ngudng thacung Hung Vuong.,.
S ] " - " !
0
nhiln vd van hda - xd hpi cOa Phu Thp;
- Cd kha n i n g thu hOt nhilu ddi tde tham gia du Ijch (ngudi d i n dja phflong, eo quan quan ly nha nflPc v l van hda vd du tjeh, cde eong ty lfl hdnh, cic td ehfle xd hpi va khieh du Ijeh);
- Cpng ddng eflddn dja phuong dupe tdn trpng, t u nguyen tham gia bode ehiu trdch nhiem ra quylt
^ n h vecdc doi tflpng ein b i o ve, eie gial p h i p b i o ve, phat huy gid trj d i n Hung phye vu du lieh v i ehia se lpi fch t f l phat trien du Ijch;
- Nang cao n h i n thflc v i y thfle trieh nhlem cOa epng ddng efl dan dja phflong, eae doi tae kinh doanh du Ijeh va du khdeh trong viee b i o v l vd phat huy gid trj di tfch.
"Bio tdng hoa" dl sin van hda trong cpng ddng Id phuong thflc boat dpng cd khd ndng dat mue tieu kep: bdo tdn di sin vdn hda vd sang tao dflpe nhflng s i n pham du ljch d i e sic phye vy phdt trien di Ijeh van hda vd du Ijch tdm tinh d den HOng. Bio t i n g hoa di sin van hda dupe bleu la phuong phap toi uu vd hien dai n h i m b i o ve va phat huy di s i n v i n hoa (bien thanh b i o t i n g tai cho d ngodi trdi), true tiep ngay trong mPI trudng sinh thai - n h i n van/noi di sin van hda dugc sing tao ra (trong tdng epng ddng) vd hien dang tdn tai, dugc thUe hanh, ddng thdi g i n bd mat t h i l t vdi ddi song thfldng nhat cOa cdc chO the van hda/cae cpng ddng efl ddn dja phflong xung quanh d i n HOng. Bdi tupng dflpe ehfnh epng dong " b i o tang hoa" bao gdm:
- Di sin van boa vat the (din HOng vd cae dinh, den thd HOng Vuong d trong vung) va dl san van hda phi vat t b i (te hpi, n i p sdng, phong tuc tap quan cOa epng dong eu dan);
- Mdi trudng sinh t h i i - nhan vin/noi di sin vdn hda dupe sdng tao ra va hien dang tdn tai, luu glu^
- Bin thdn cdng ddng eu ddn dia phuong cac lang quanh den HOng vdi tuedeh Id chfl the sdng tao, nam gifl, thflc hanh, truyin day, b i o tdn di sin van hda, vfla la ddi tUOng dupe b i o tdng hda.
Bdo tang hoa di san van hda trong cdng dong dupe khuyen khfch vl nd ho tro, hudng d i n , giup eho ede chO the van hda t u biet edeh b i o v l , gidi thieu vd duy tri di s i n van hda cOa minh mdt each cd Ipi nhat cho cpng ddng. Do eung t i phuong phap phdt trien epng ddng theo nghTa: Nhd nUde, cac nhd khoa hpc, cdc cdng ty tfl hdnh, cie doanh nghiep ho trp (kinh phi, hudng dan, ddo tao nang
cao ndng luc...) de cpng ddng tU no Ifle g i i i quyet nhflng van de cua chfnh minh.
Mye tieu b i o tdng bda tin ngudng t h d eiing Hung Vuong vd le hdl den HOng trong Idng cpng ddng nham:
- Gifl gin nguyen ven va day dO di sdn van h6a cOa cac lang xd;
- Khai thdc vd p h i t huy ed h i l u q u i di sin van hda cOa cae Idng xd n h i m phye vy eho phdt then con ngUdl vd phat t r i l n du Ijch;
- Gop phan bao ve va xay dap moi trudng sinh t h i i - n h i n van ben vflng 6 khu vflc den HOng*.
Trflcmg hpp ngflpc lal, n l u p h i t trien du lieh mpt cieh t u p h i t t h i l u kiem soit chat ehe tfl phia cac coquan q u i n ly nhd nUdc, se rat khd ngan chan v i khic phuc cic h i l n tupng t l l u cue m i vfla qua, cdc phflcjng tien thdng tin dai chung da d l cap nhu;
x l nOi l i y dat b i n eho ngudi d i n san l i p mat bang, xay dung trdi phep mieu thP t u nhdn cOa cie dal gia trong khu vUe b i o v l dl tfch, bode hdnh hUOng v l den Hung ma khdng b i l t each thue hdnh nghi I I tin ngudng thd HOng VUOng, chi thien ve cau ciing duoc "budn may, ban dit", dupe "len chflc, thang quyen", hodc vi loi fch vat chat trude mat ma thUc thi nhieu hdnh vi trdi phdp luat
Trai lai, phat t r i l n du Ijeh b i n vC^g tai khu di tfeh den Hung Id thiet thfle gdp p h i n b i o ve va phdt huy gia tri di sin vdn boa, cOng tflc Id thflc hien phflong chdm bdo tdn di sin van hda gan vdi phat trien, lam cho dl sin vdn hda khang djnh dflpe vj trf trong dOl sdng xa hdl dflong d a i /
D.V£
C h u t h k h :
1- Pham Van Oong, 'NhSn ngay gio To Hiing Vi/cmg*, B6o Af/id/i(fiin,ngay29thang4nam 1969.
2- Nghi quyit Hgi nghi ldn thOSBan chdp hdnh Trung uang Ddng Idida VII! vexdy dung nen vdn hdo Viit Nam tien tien, d^<n ddbdnsdcddntdc
i-ljjdt disdn van hda ndm 2001, dugc sita doi, bo sung ndm 2009, Nxb. Ctiinh trj quoc gia, H, 2009, tr. 31,
4-5dd,Tr.A4.
5- Hoang Tri Dung, Ludtdu lich, Nxb. Hfing Dilc, H, 200B, Tr.9.
6-Trich lai tU "Du lich tdm llnh'ciia Le Quang DiJc.
7-Trich lai tif 'Ou lich tdm tinh' cua Le Quang DUc.
8- Dang Van Bdi - Nguyen HiiU ToSn, Bdo tang hda di sdn vdn hda ldng, H,2006,Ti.]35.
