Lam sinh
V/MOT S O DAC DIEM SINH HOC VA SINH THAI HOC LOAI M O SAPA
TAI VirCJN QUOC GIA HOANG LIEN, T I N H LAO CAI Vu Quang Nam', Le Xuan Thlng^, Do Anh T u W'•^TS. Truimg Dgi hgc Ldm nghiep
^ThS. Vudn quoc gta Hodng Lien
TOM T A T
M5 sapa (Manglietia sapaensis) thuOc eay go nho den vira, ua sang QuS va hat ducrc ngu6i M6ng va ngucn Giiy liy v^ dun nirdfc uong thay Che, co tac dung chfta dau bimg va b?nh ve phoi Ket qua nghifin elm tai Vuon quoc gia Hoing Lien, tinh Lao Cai cho thay loai cay nay co khu phan bo hep d d$ cao tuyet doi tir 2.017-2 581 m tren tuy^n Niii Xe - Fanxipan, dia hinh noi day bj chia cat manh, c6 nhieu dinh cao vdi su6n doc diJmg Co tong so 37 loai tham gia vao to thanh tang cay cao, trong d6 co 18 loai trong cong thtifc to thanh. M8 sapa chi tham gia vao cong thiic to thanh tir 2 234 - 2.400 m va chi^m vi tri quan trpng M9 sapa thudng di kem voi 6 loai trong do CO 5 loii thuang g5p gom Thi^t ton, Cang 16, De, Xuong ga xop, Sii dong va Man tang. Mat do M9 sapa tap trung cao nhat voi 150-250 eay/ha cr cac dai 2300-2400 m Md sapa tai khu v\ic nghifin cuu xuat hifin ca 2 hinh thiic til smh la tai sinh hat va tai sinh ehfli, tuy nhien hinh thiic tai sinh hat van li chti yen. Mat do eay tii smh duch tin rimg ty nhien d VQG Hoing Lien noi cd Md sapa phan bo la tuong doi tot dao dgng tiJr 3.680 - lO.OOO cay/ha, mSt dfl Md sapa tai sinh dao dong 160 - 400 eay/ha. Cd the nhan thay ning luc tai sinh tu nhien cila Md sapa tai khu vuc 2.300 m dfin 2 400 m la tuong doi tot va hoan toin c6 the ap dung bifin phap xiic tien tii sinh tu nhien trong phue hoi rimg loii cay nay.
Tir khoa: Hinh thdi, Hodng Lien, Md sapa, tdi sink tur nhien, to thdnh rieng, vgt hgu I. DAT VAN DE
Hoang Lien la mpt trong so it Yuan quoc gia (VQG) duQic thien nhien ini dai, ban t?ing cho nhGng dieu ki^n tti nhien h8t sue dac biet:
la phan cuoi cting ciia day Himalaya chay doc song Hong theo huong Tay Bic - Dong Nam, la sir keo dai ctia cao nguven Van Qui va nui Ailao Shan ciia Tmng Quoc, la khu vuc gom nhieu dinh nui co do cao tren 1000 m, trong do CO dinh Fanxipan cao toi 3.143 m so vcri mat nuoc bien va duoc vi nhu "noc nha" ciia Dong Duofng, la noi giao luu ctia hai ti^u vting khi hau on doi niii cao va a nhiet doi,.. Chinh vi v|y, VQG Hoang Lien duoc cac nha khoa hpc xac dinh la mpt trong nhung trung tam da dang sinh vat vao bac nhat ciia Viet Nam, la noi con sot 1^ nhieu loai dac hini, quy hi^m dupc ghi trong Sach do Vi$t Nam va the gjai.
Loai Mo sa pa (Manglietia sapaensis) dugfc hai nha thuc vat hpc Vu Quang Nam (Viet Nam) va Xia Nian-he (Trung Qu6c) phat hien va dupc cong bo tren tap chi chuyen nganh cua Thuy Dien (Nordic Joumal of Botany 28,
2010, 294-297). Loai dupc phat hien tren tuyen tu Tram Ton len dinh Faxipan, thupc VQG Hoang Lien, 6 khu vuc co dp cao tren 2000 m so voi mat nuoc bien M5 sapa ia loai cay go nho den nho, blip la mau do tia; hoa to, tring, thom, CO the iing dyng trong Lam nghiep do thi; hat va qua cua Ma sapa dupc ba con nguoi Mong va Giay lay ve dun nuoc uong thay Che, CO tac dung chua dau bung va benh v^ ph6i.
Trong cong bo ban dau, loai Ma sapa dac huu nay chi dupc bi^t vai s6 lupng ca the rat it va duoc de xuit 6 miic cyc ky nguy cSp (CR) do CO kich ca quin the nho (duoi 50 ca thi, theo TUCN, 2001) (Vu Quang Nam va Xia Nian-he, 2010); mat khac ke tu thoi diem cong b6 loai den nay, van chua co mpt cong trinh nghi6n cuu chuyen sau nao ve loai dupc thyc hien. Bai v\kt la diic ket mpt so kit qua nghien cuu duoc thuc hien trong cac nam 2011-2013.
n. PHlTONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU - K6 thira va phong vin ngucri dan dupc su dung de dieu tra ve hinh thai, v|t hau, phan b6, cong dung ctia loai;
30 TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 3 (KY I) - 2013
Lam sinh
- Dieu tra theo tuyen nham xac dinh khu phan bo, vi tri lap cac 6 tieu chuin (OTC) va chup anh thu mau lo^. Tong so 12 tuyen da dupc khao sat tai VQG Hoang Lien,
- Dilu tra trong cac OTC: Tong s6 6 OTC fien hinh tam thai dupc lap a cac dp cao va trang thai rung khac nhau; kich thuac OTC la 1000 m^ (40x25 m); trong m6i OTC l|p 5 6 dang ban kich thuoc 25 m^ (5x5 m), 4 6 6 goc va mpt 6 6 giua; l|p 19 OTC hinh tron (Thomasius, 1973) de xac dinh cac loai cay di kem. Tien hanh do dem cac th6ng s6 va chi tieu theo phucmg phap liien hanh. Tit ca cac loai thuc vat nghien cuu deu dupc chup anh, lay mau va dupc xac dinh bai cac chuyen gja thuc vat cua truong Dai hoc Lam nghiep;
- Cac so lieu dupc xu ly bang phan mem SPSS va Excel. To thanh ting cay cao theo chi so IV% (trung binh ciia s6 cay va tiet dien ngang) va to thanh cay tai sinh theo so cay.
m. KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ VA THAO LUAN 3.1. D^c diem ve hinh thai loai M& sapa
Cay g6 nho den nhd, thuong xanh, cao c6 10-15 m, du6ng kinh 30 cm. V6 xam, nhan.
phan canh thap. Canh non cho dot va cuong la day dac long anh do ngan. La kem bao choi phii day I6ng anh do hay vang, khi mng de 1^
vlt seo dai bang 14 chieu dai cuong (hinh 01).
La dcm, nguyen, mpc each xoan tren canh.
Phien la thuon rpng, day, dju, co (9-)19,0-24 x (4-)7-9,5 cm, mau luc sam. Cuong la dai 2-3,5 cm, cuong kh6ng phinh. Gan hinh mang, gan ben khoang 9-12 chiec moi ben ciia gan chinh, gan mang noi ro khi kho; gan chinh va mep la mau vang tuod liic con tuoi; goc la hinh nem rpng toi tr6n, dinh la nhpn.
Cuong hoa va qua thuong thang, co 1,8-3,8 X 0,6-0,8 cm, cu6ng nh6 dai 0-2 mm, nhan.
Blip hoa dang xoan dai, phii dau long anh do hoac vang de nhan. Hoa ve co ban mau trang khi n6, kich thuac Ion, huang thom; canh hoa 9 thupc 3 vong; 3 canh vong ngoai thuong mau d6 tia phia mat ngoai, c6 6-7 x 3-4,5 cm, cac canh vong trong c6 nh6 va day nac han cac canh ngoai mot chut. Nhi nhieu, dai 1-1,5 cm, mau tia, phin phu trung dai d^ing mau loi hinh tam giac, bao phan m6 trong. Nhuy dang tning ngupe, c6 2 X 1 cm, c6 long mang, rung khi tru6ng thanh. Phan seo ciia bao hoa va nhi hoa 6 qua ca 1-1,4 x 0,7-0,9 cm.
Hinh 01. Ddc £im hinh thdi lodi Md sapa (Manglietia sapaensis) Qui d?u kep, dang tning ngupe, eo 7-9,5 x
4-5 cm, mau do tuoi hay do tham, gom 67-125 d^i nh6, cac dai nho ca 2 x 1,5 cm, khi chin ma theo song lung sau do la song bung, m6
cua dai ngan, ca 2-4 mm va coi cong ngupe xu6ng duoi khi kho. Phin v6 qua sau khi phat tan h^t van ton tai tren eay mpt thai ^an dai roi moi ryng xu6ng. Hat det, vo co mau nau TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP S 6 3 (KY I) - 2013 31
Lam sinh tham khi chin; eo 4-6 hat/dai; kich thuoc hat 5-
7 x 2-3 mm; trpng lugng 1 000 hgt la 29 g.
3.2. Dac diem v l v^t hau loai M& Sapa (bang 01)
M o sapa la eay g6 thudng xanh, khong the hien miia ning la ro rang. Tuy nhien, vao khoang thang 11 la bat dau tu mau xanh chuyen sang mau vang nhgt va thuong ryng nhieu nhit vao thang 12; tix thang 12 nam truoe den thang 2 nam sau, cay ra la non.
Cac ch6i blip mau do tia hoac vang rat de nhan biet. Cae la non trong choi blip co mau tia nhgt va gap doi lai theo duong gan chinh ciia la Choi eham na vao khoang cac thang 12 den
thang 1, eac la non c6 hinh ovan nho, mau tia, ehi sau 1/2-1 thang eac la non chuyen thanh mau lyc muot dae trung.
Nu hoa b i t dau hinh thanh vao khoang giiia thang 4 va hoa na tCr cuoi thang 4 den gjiia thang 7 Qua dupc hinh thanh sau khi eac canh hoa rung di, vao khoang thang 7; gjai doan dau, qua co vo mau xanh, hinh tning doi khi tning ngupe; qua chin vao thang 8-10, giai doan nay vo qua chuyen mau tim tham, noi bgt giiia nen la mau luc sam. Cuoi thang 10 den thang 11, cac dgi 6 qua chin va cac hgt roi rung, phat tan. Hgt det, vo eo mau nau tham khi chin. Cac hien tupng sinh hpc ctia M a sapa dupe so do hoa trong bang 01.
Bang 01. Set dd hda hien tirang sinh hgc (vdt hdu) cua lodi M& sapa D$c diem
Ca quan sinh dudng
Co quan sinh san
Thai gian (thang) Ra choi Ra la non Choi na Choi hinh thanh La bien mau La rung Ra nu hoa Nahoa Qua non Qua va hat gia Qua rung, hgt bay
2 3 5 6 7 9 10 11 12
> •
3.3J D ^ C diem sinh thai hoc cua Mo* Sapa 3.3.1. Bgc diem hodn cdnh rirng nm cd lodi Md" sapa pkdn bo ttr nhien
Ket qua dieu tra cho thay: loai Mo sapa c6 khu phan bo kha hep, mpc rai rae trong rung ty nhien thuang xanh la rpng thupc cac trgng thai ning giau (niA3), rimg trung binh (IIIA2), rirng phyc h6i (DB), dit tr6ng cay byi (IB) va dit trdng cay g6 (IC) 6 dp cao tuyet d6i tit
2.017-2.581 m tren tuyen Nui Xe - Fanxipan, thupc cae tilu khu 267, 272 va 274. Ngoai ra loai khong dupe b i t gap 6 cae tuyen khae tr6n toan dia ban VQG Hoang Lien. Cu the, dia hinh nai co loai M o sapa phan b6 thupc kilu
^ a hinh niii cao (Ni): Phan bo 6 dp cao tren 1.700 m, dia hinh bi chia cit manh, co nhilu Snh cao vcd suon doc diing. Day la khu vuc co dien tich ning tu nhien kha tap trung, eo he dong thyc vgt phong phii, da dgng, dSc trung cho viing co 32 TAP C H I KHOA H O C VA C O N G N G H E L A M N G H I E P S 6 3 (KY I) - 2013
Lam sinh
he sinh thai a nhiet d6i niii cao eiia mien Bac VietNam.
Dai khi hau noi loai M 6 sapa phan b6 pho bien tuomg ung vai Dai khi hau a nhiet doi gio miia tren nui cao, noi co dp cao tir 1600-2600 m; dp am trung binh nam eao, dgt 87%; t6ng s6 gio nang trung binh nam gjam xuong con 1471,8 gia; lupng mua trung binh nam dat 3.550 mm. Nhiet dp trung binh nam dgt 12,T'C, trong d6 nhiet dp trung binh mua dong dat 9,4°C; nhiet dp toi cao trong nam dat 29,2°C, nhiet dp toi thap trong nam dgt -3,6''C, bien dp nhiet giua thang nong nhat (thang 7) va thang Ignh nhit (thang 1) la 1 3 , r c . 3.3.2. Bgc 0em cdu true to thank vd mat dp tdng cay cao
* Cdu true to thanh
Ket qua nghien cuu (bang 02) eho thay M a sapa phan bo tir 2.017-2.581 m. Tuy vay loai nay chi chinh thiic tham gja vao c6ng thtic t6 thanh rung bat dau tir dp cao 2.234 m so voi myc nuoc bien. Q dai cao 2.017 m va 2.050 m.
M o sapa khong tham gia vao cong thiie to thanh do co chi so quan trpng (IV%) kh6ng vupt qua IV% tnmg binh (6,6 va 4,7) chung ciia cac ea the trong quan xa thuc vgt rimg. Chi s6 IV% ciia M o sapa trong 02 truong hpp nay ehi la 4,7 va 1,64. Len cac dai cao hon nhu 2.234, 2.300 va 2.400 m, Md sapa da tham gia vao to thanh rimg; vai tro eiia ehiing ngay eang tang len th6ng qua chi so IV%. Tuy nhien, len din dai 2.581 m chi s6 IV% cua Md sapa lai gjam xudng. Dieu nay chiing to M d sapa co uu t h i sinh thai d dai cao tii 2.234 den 2.400 m.
Bang 02. Tdthdnh ruTig tg-nhien nai cd Md sapa phdn bo tgi VQG Hodng Liin
©9 cao tuyet Tieu doi (m) khu
So
l o ^ C6ng thiFC to thanh theo IY%
15 43D + 9,7KH + 9,lKh + 7,2S1 + 5,7C (+ lOLk) 21
11
20D + 15,7KH + 1 l,17Kh + 10,8S1 + 8,67Cf + 8,38Hq (+ 15 Lk)
20,84Tt + 15,10Msp + 14,14C1 + 9,63Sd (+ 7 Lk) 16.24 Msp + 15,25H + 10,69 Tt + 7,96D + 7,50 Hq + 7,3 Kh 4 5,93Cl(+llLk)
29,06Msp + 15,79Mt + 13,42Tt + 9,31Xg + 7,DlDg (+ 8 Lk) 12,20Msp + 10,23S1 + 8,24Cf + 7,32Xg + 6,96Dq + 6,73Mt + 6,32H + 6,32Kh (+ 8 Lk)
Ghi chti: C - Cdm; Cl - Cdng id; Cf- Chdn chim FSP; D - De; Dg - Dung Id ddi; Dg - Dd quyen; Sd - Sir ddng; H - Hdi nut cao; Hq - Hdng quang; Kh - Khdo; KH - Kieu hiing; Lk: Lodi khdc; Msp - M& sapa; Ml - Mdn tang; Nr - Nhua rudi; Sl - Sum long; Tr - Trdm; Tt - Thtit tdn; Vt - Vdi thudc. Xg - Xieang ga xdp.
Bang 02 ciing cho thiy: c618 Ioai tham gia vai tro trong quin xa thuc vat rimg. Q cac dai vao eong thtic t6 thanh, noi Md sapa co dong cao khac nhau, so loai tham gia vao cong thiic
TAP c m KHOA H Q C VA C O N G N G H E L A M N G H I E P SO 3 (KY I) - 2013 33
Lam sinh to thanh giao dong tu 4 den 8 Ioai; cac loai
thuong thay la: Cang 16, Chan chim fanxipan, De, Dung la dai. Do quyen. Sir dong. Hoi niii cao. Hong quang, Khao, Kieu hiing. Mo sa pa, Man tang, Nhua moi. Sum long. Tram, Thiet ton, Voi thuoc va Xuong ga xop
0 cac quan xa thyc vat r i n g tren, so lupng cac loai giao dpng tii 13 den 21 loai. Tuy con so loai ciia tiing dai tren chua noi len duoc tinh quy luat, nhung noi chung chung thuong giam khi cang len dai cao. 0 dai thap hon (2017, 2050 m) so luong loai khong nhieu nhung so ca the cua chung iai kha cao (138, 186) Cang len cao so ca the giam dan va o dai co do cao 2581 m, so ca the chi la 96 thuoc 16 loai Trong cac quan xa thyc vat rimg tren, hau het cac loai co H^i, khong cao, dao dpng tir 2 den 12 m Cang len cao do cao binh quan giam, dieu nay la phii hap vdi quy luat sinh thai chung, Tong hop to thanh cac loai cay go trong cac trang thai va dai cao la 37 loai, nhung co tdi 18 loai tham gia vao cong thirc to thanh
Tai khu vuc nghien ciru. ket qua tir cac 6
tieu chuan hinh tron 6 cay cho thay Md sapa thudng di kem vdi 6 loai trong do co 5 loai thudng gap gom Thiet tdn, Cang 16, De, Xuong ga xop. Sir dong va Man tang. Dac biet.
ket qua dieu tra 19 6 thi Thiet ton bat gap den 18 lan. Cang 16 13 lan, De 8 lan, Sit dong 6 lan va Md sapa bat gap di kem 12 lan Nhu vay qua ket qua tren thay co the trdng thti nghiem loai Md sapa di kem vdi Thiet ton, Cang 16.
De, Sir dong va Man tang trong tuong iai.
* Can trite mgi do
Ket qua tai bang 03 cho thay d cac dai thap hon (2017 va 2050 m), mat dp trung binh cua rirng la 1 380 den 1 860 cay/ha, mat do ning giam han khi d dai 2581 m (960 cay/ha) Tai cac dai 2.300-2.400 m, mat do ning trung binh on dinh va kha cao (1 050-1 100 cay/ha), trong do mat do Md sapa kha tap tmng vdi 150-250 cay/ha Khu vuc 2 050 m gap rat it Md sapa, chi c6 40 cay/ha Dudng kinh binh quan cua Md sa pa trong khu vuc dao dong 8,6-21 cm, chieu cao dao dong 2,8-10 m.
Bang 03. .Mat do Ma sapa phan ho theo dai cao tgi VQG Hodng Lien
„—„ Do cao so vffi muc nucrc bien Mat do rims
O T C , " • . ',
Loai Ms sapa (ni) (cay/ha) Mat do (cay/ha) D, 3, n (cm)
(m) 2017
2050 2234 2300 2400 2581
1 380 1860
760 1.100 1050 960
100 40 UO 150 250 100
13.3 21.0 9.9 10.9 11.3 8.6
7.4 10.0 i.»
(1.8 4.3 2.8 S.3.3. Ddc diem cdu triic mat dp vd to thdnh
P'rtrt^' cdy tdi sinh
Ket qua tai bang 04 cho tha\- mat do cay tai sinh duoi tan mng tu nhien o VQG Hoang
,ien noi c6 Md sapa phan bo la tuang ddi t6t,
|lao dong tu 3.680-10 000 cay'ha. mat do Md
sapa tai sinh dao dpng 160-400 cay/ha Co the nhan thay kha nang tai sinh tu nhien cita Mo sapa tai khu vuc co do cao tir 2 300 m din 2,400 m la tuong doi tot va hoan toan co the ap dung bien phap xiic tien tai sinh tu nhien tronu phuc hoi rirng loai cay nay
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA CONG N G H E LAM NGHIEP SO 3 (KY I) - 2013
Lam sinh
Stt
^kn^tiA. Mdt dp tdng cdy tdi sink rieng tie nhien nd cd Md sapa phdn bo
Trang thai rimg Do cao
(m) N/ha (cSy)
NMsp/ha (cay) Rimg phuc hoi (lib); Dat trong ca\ bui (Ib); Dat
trong cay go (Ic)
Rimg trung binh (II1A2); Rimg phuc hoi (Ib); Dat trong cay bui (Ib); Dat trong cay go (Ic) Rimg phuc hoi (lib); Dat trong cay bui (Ib); Dat trong cay g6 (Ic)
Rimg phuc hoi (lib), Rimg tnic lun, Dit trong cay byi (Ib); Bat trong ca\ go (Ic)
Ket qua cho thay tai khu vuc nghien cuu vdi trang thai rimg gjau (IIIA3) va rimg tmng (IIIA2) CO dp cao tuyet ddi tir 2.017 m den 2.200 m dieu tra khong thay cay tai sinh tren cac d dang ban va tren toan dien tich 6 tieu chuan tgm thdi 2.000 m^, nhu vay tgi khu vuc trgng thai ning giau va ritng trung binh to thanh tang cay cao thi loai Md sapa khong tham gia cong thiic t6 thanh, so lupng loai dieu tra trong OTC dao dpng tii 15 den 21 loai, dp tan ehe dao dpng tir 0,7-0,8; chinh vi vay khong gjan dinh dudng da c6 canh tranh va kha nang Ipt sang xuong tang tham mue tuong ddi it T i n g tham muc day do do theo dgc diem sinh hoc chung cita loai Md thi day la nhom loai cay ua sang, ed the mat kha nang nay mam hgt gi6ng sdm, trong dieu kien do am, nhiet do cimg cac yeu to lap dia da khong hinh thanh Idp cay tai sinh tgi khu vyc va trgng thai rimg kieu nay. Ket qua dieu tra tai khu vuc 2.234 m
din 2.581 m da xuat hien ldp cay tai sinh tgi 6 tieu chuan tam thdi; tuy rang so lupng cay tai sinh tang dan tir 2.234 m den 2.400 m va gjam 6 dp cao 2.581 m; khu vyc tai sinh cd trang thai rimg phue hoi (lib) dac biet la dat trong cay gd (Ic) ket hpp eae yeu to lich sir de tai khu vuc da xay ra chay rirng dau nam 1998 da tgo khu vyc dit tr6ng, ket hpp vdi miia ra hoa cua loai Md sapa vao thang 4-5 gua chin vao thang 8-10. Nhu vgy viec gjeo gi6ng, phat tan tu nhien phii hop vdi dge diem sinh hpc ciia loai Dieu kien tu nhien va yeu td lgp dia da tao CO hpi cho loai phat trien manh tren khu vyc Qua gjai tich than cay tai vi tri Doo cita loai Md sapa cd 14-15 vong nam, dieu nay cho thay phii hpp vdi dieu kien phat sinh loai va lich suf eua trang thai rung noi nghien ciru .. Do do, viec tim ra yeu to co anh hudng tdi nang lye tai sinh cua loai va til do c6 bien phap lam sinh tac dpng phii hop.
Bang 05. Tdthdnh tdng cdy tdi sinh nai cd Md sapa phdn bdtgi VQG Hodng Lien
Tr^ng thai rirng Do
cao Cong thux to thanh Rimg phuc hoi (lib), Dat trong ca\ bui
(Ib). Dat ttdng cay go (Ic)
Rimg trung binh (11IA2); Rimg phyc hoi (Ib); Dat trong cay byi (Ib); Dat trong cay go (Ic)
Rimg phuc hoi (lib); Dat trong ca\ bui (Ib); Dat trong cay go (Ic) Rimg phyc hoi (lib); Rimg tnic lim, Dat trong ca\- bui (Ib); Dat trong cay go (Ic)
3,04DQ + 2,39SD + 2,17Vt - 0,65Tt.
0,87HQ -t 2,3Xg+l,8Tt + l , 3 T h + l , l H + 0,7Dd + 0,5
Msp + 0,5SL
2,82Cc+ 2,39DQ + 2,11SD+L41Kh + 0,56Msp
2,43DQ + l,50Dg + 1,43KH + l,29Chi + 0,57HQ + 0,79Th + 0,50TF
Trong do- DQ - Do quyen; SD - Sie dong; HQ - Hdng quang; Cc~ Chdn chim; Tt- Thiet ton; Vt Voi thudc;
Dd - Dung Id dai; H ~ Hdi; Msp - Mdr sa pa; kh-Khdo; Dg-Ddu gio; Th-Thich; TF - Thich phan si pdng
TAP C H I KHOA H O C VA C O N G N G H E L A M N G H I E P SO 3 (KY I) - 2013 35
Lam sinh Ket qua tai bang 05 cho tiiay, trong tdng so
8-13 loai cay tai sinh xuat hien trong khu vyc thi CO tdi 5-7 loai tham gja vao cdng Ihiic td thanh. Phan lon cay tai sinh deu d nhimg khu vye rimg ty nhien mpt ting tan va phat trien, phuc hoi sau ehay rimg. Trong do eac loai Do quyen, Sii dong, Chan chim la nhijng loai chiem uu the, do do co the ap dung bien phap khoanh nudi xiic tien tai sinh ty nhien kit hpp vdi ludng phat day leo bui ram ddi vdi loai Md sq>a.
3.3.4. Ckat Itrcmg vd nguon goc tdi sinh Nghien ciiu chi ra rang: ty le cay tai sinh cd chat lupng tdt chiem kha cao, dao ddng tir 50- 100%, phim chit cay tmng binh tir 33-50%.
Do d6, trong thdi gian tdi can cd nhung bien phap lam sinh tac dpng phat luong day leo byi ram, ehat bdt cay tai sinh phi mue dich de nhirng cay tai sinh myc dich sinh tmdng phat trien tdt Cay tai sinh cd ngudn goc hi hgt chilm ehii ylu (60-70%). Tuy cd nhirng lam phan hien tupng tai sinh choi co im thi, nhung hien tupng nay chi bit gap mdt trudng hpp tai vi tri cd dp cao 2 234 m va sd lupng chi bat gap 02 cay tren tdng sd 05 6 dang ban dilu tra toan dien cung khong bit gap them ca the tai sinh nao. Doi vdi loai Mo sapa tai khu vyc nghien ctiu xuat hien ea 2 hinh thiie tai sinh la tai sinh hgt va tai sinh choi, tuy nhien hinh thiic tai sinh hat van la chii ylu.
IV. KET LUAN
- Md sapa (Manglietia sapaensis) thupe eay gd nho thudng xanh, co cae dgc dilm ve hinh thai ndi bat va cd the phat triin va tr6ng lam eanh quan hoac trong nganh lam nghiep do thi.
- Md sapa co khu phan bd kha hep, d dp eao tuyet doi tir 2.017-2.581 m tren tuyin Niii Xe - Fanxipan, thupc cae tilu khu 267, 272 va 274.
Dia hinh nai day bi ehia cat mgnh, ed nhilu dinh cao vdi sudn doc dting. Day la khu vyc ed dien tich rimg tu nhien kha t ^ trung, ed he ddng thye vat phong phii, da dgng, dac trung cho vung cd
he sinh thai a nhiet ddi mil cao ciia mien Bac Viet Nam.
- Md sapa thudng d kem vdi 6 loai trong do cd 5 loai thudng ggp gdm: Thiet ton, Cang 16, De, Xuong ga xop, Sti ddng va Man tang. Nhu vgy cd the trdng thti nghiem lom Md sapa i£
kem vdi Thiet ton, Cang Id, De, Sii ddng va Min tang trong tuong 1 ai.
- Mat dp Md sapa kha tgp tmng vdi 150-250 cay/ha d cae dai 2.300-2.400 m. Khu vyc 2.050 m ggp rat it Md sapa, chi cd 40 cay/ha. Dudng kinh binh quan ciia Ma sapa trong khu vyc dao ddng 8,6-21 em, ehieu eao dao ddng 2,8-10 m.
Md sa pa phan bd va thich nghi d khu vuc ning phyc hdi va dat trong cd cay tai sinh (Ie) va ddng nhat mpt ting tan.
- Mat dp cay tai sinh dudi tan ning ty nhien d VQG Hoang Lien noi ed Md sapa phan b6 la tuang d6i tot dao dpng tit 3.680-10.000 cay/ha, mgt dp Md sapa tai sinh dao dpng 160-400 cay/ha C6 the nhgn thay kha nang tai sinh tu nhien ciia Mo sapa tgi khu vyc 2.300 m din 2.400 m la tuong ddi tot va hoan toan eo the ap dyng bien phap xtic tien tai sinh tu nhien trong phyc hdi ning loai cay nay. Co tdi 5-7 loai tham gia vao cdng thurc to thanh, phin Idn cay tai sinh diu d nhung khu vyc rimg ty nhien mpt tang tan va phat trien, phue hoi sau chay rirng; trong do cac loai Dd quyen, Siir ding, Chan chim la nhiing loai ehilm uu thi.
- Ty le cay tai sinh cd chit lupng tot chiem kha cao, dao dpng tir 50-100%; phim chat cay trung binh tir 33-50%. Cay tai sinh cd ngu6n gic tir hgt chilm ehii ylu (60-70%) Doi vdi lom Md sapa tai khu vye nghien ciru xuit hien ca 2 hinh thirc tai sinh la tai sinh hgt va tai sinh chdi, hiy nhien hinh thiie tai sinh hat vin la chti yeu.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguyin Tien Ban (1997), Cdm nang tra cuu vd nhgn biet cdc hg thirc vgt hgt kin a Vi$t Nam, Nxb Khoa hpc va Ky thuat. Ha Npi
2. Bui The Doi (2013), Hi#u qua phuc hpi ning biing k> thuat khoanh nuoi tai smh tai xa Hanh Lam, huyen
36 TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHI$P SO 3 (KY I) - 2013
Lam sinh
Thanh Chucmg, tinh Nghe An, Tgp chi Khoa hgc va 6. Vu Quang Nam and Xia Nian-he (2010), Cong nghf Ldm nghidp 2: 23-30. Manglietia sapaensis Xia N H & Vu Q.N. sp.nov.
3. rUCN Red List (2012.) Pittp:/Avww lucnredlisLorg] (MagnoHaceae), Vietnam. Nordic Joumal of Botany 28.
4 Ph9m Hoang Hp (1999-20000, Cay co Viei Nam, 294-297
Tap 1-3 Nxb Tre TP HCM ^ ^ " * ^ ° ^ ^'^^ ^ ^ " S °She va ch5t luong san pham
^ ^ , = > , . ™.. ^ (2IX)0), Ten cdy rimg f iel Nam, Nxb None nghiep. Ha Noi.
5. Nguyen Nghia Thin (2007), Cac phuang phdp ^ ' "^ * B 6 - p.
nghien cieu thyrc vdt, Nxb DH Qu6c gia. Ha Npi
SOME BIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF Manglietia sapaensis N.H. Xia & Q.N. Vu
AT THE HOANG LIEN NATIONAL PARK, LAO CAI PROVINCE Vu Quang Nam, Le Xuan Thang, Do Anh Tuan
SUMMARY
Manglietia sapaensis N H. Xia & Q N Vu is a medium timber and strong demamding tree species Its &mts and seeds are used by Mong va Gi^y ethnic mmorities to treat stomachache and pneumoma Results from Hoang Lien National Park, Lao Cai Provmce showed that Manglietia sapaensis is narrowly distnbuted naturally from 2,017-2,58lm alt. (Niu Xe - Fanxipan path), m which topography is dismembered strongly, contaimng numerous high peaks with high slopes Total 37 species are occunng in the high tree composition, from which 18 species are listed m plant composition Manglietia sapaensis only participate the plant composition from 2,234-2,400m alt. and it plays an important role m these plant commumties. Of the total 6 accompany species, 5 requent species are .\fyTsine semiserrala, Betula alnoides, Castanopsis sp., Cornus hongkongensis, Michelia aeana and Litsea cubeba Average density oi Manglietia sapaensis is 150-250 trees/ha on 2,300-2,400m alt. It is able to be regenerated by both seeds and shoots, but the first is dominant In the regeneration layer, average densi^ is from 3,680-10,000 mdividuals/ha and that oi Manglietia sapaensis is from 160-400 mdividuals/ha. Result mdicated that Manglietia sapaensis is best regenerated from 2,300 to 2,400m alt and this can be applied on natural regeneration methods to reforestation of this species m Hoang Lien National Park
Ke}-nord: Hoang Lien, Manglietia st^aensis, morphology, natural regeneration, phenology, plant composition
Ngirdi pkdn bi§n: TS. Tran Ngpc Hai Ngay giri bai: 9/9/2013
Ngay phan bien: 12/9/2013 Ngay quylt dinh dang: 20/9/2013
TAP CHI KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE LAM NGHIEP SO 3 (KY I) - 2013 37
