TO CHUC CAY XANH IRONG KHONG GIAN K H TRUC CAJW QUAN CiJA CAC TRUDNG BAI HOC VA CAO BANG
Pham Thi Lien Hirong', Dang Du-c Dirong'
Tom tdt: Trong td chicc khong gian kien true cdnh quan cua cdc tru&ng dgi hgc, cao ddng, cdy xanh Id mot Irong cdc yiu td tgo cdnh tu nhien ddng vai tro rdt quan trgng vd chiem mgt ty le tuong ddi l&n trong truong thi gidc. Cdy xanh gop phdn tgo dung cdc khong gian m&, khong gian tinh thdn, tgo diiu kien cho cdc hogt dgng cgng ddng, giao luu ban be, nghien cuu ngodi troi giup cho tdm ly hoc tap b&t cdng thdng. Td chuc khdng gian kien true cua cdc truong dgi hoc, cao ddng Id td hgp nhdm cua nhiiu khdng gian, moi khong gian co dgc trung ve hinh thuc vd chuc ndng rieng. Vi vgy, khi to chuc cdy xanh cdn chu y den cdc nguyen tdc lua chgn logi cdy, mdu sdc, ddng ddp vd do cao cda cdy ciing cdch thdc bd cue hgp ly nhdm phdt huy hieu qud gid trj nghe thugt cua cdy xanh, gdp phdn xdy dung mdi tru&ng hgc tap thdn thien vd vdn hda hgc du&ng.
Tit khoa; td chuc cay xanh, truong dai hgc, cao dang, kien trdc trudng hgc, to chuc canh quan I. MdDAU
Chien lupc phdt trien dao tao dai hpc, cao dang Viet Nam da khang dinh triet ly "Tdn trgng ngu&i hoc vd xem ngu&i hgc Id (rung tdm cua qud Irinh ddo tgo" trong do mpi boat dpng ciia nha trudng deu hudng ve muc tieu tao dieu kien tdt nhat ca ve vat chdx lan tinh thdn cho ngudi hgc. Nhu vdy, mdi trudng giao dye dai hgc, cao dang ngodi viec phuc vy chiic nang hpc tap, cung cdp kien thiic chuyen mdn, thuc hien cac hoat ddng ngoai khda cd lien quan den ITnh vuc hgc tap cdn phdi quan tdm den viec tao dung gia trj tinli than; tao khdng gian gan giii, thoai mai sau thdi gian hgc tap cdng thang; hd trg tang cudng cac boat dpng cgng ddng, giao Iuu ban be; xdy dung niem tin vao mdi trudng dao tao md sinh vien dang theo hpc ddng thdi hudng sinh vien den cac boat ddng xd hdi, hoat dpng ngoai khda trong khung cdnh thien nhien trong lanh. Khdng gian san vudn va canh quan ngodi trdi cung ddng gdp mpt phdn khdng nhd de khdng dinh triet Iy dd.
Nhihig khdng gian ndy cd khd ndng tao dung gia tri van hda va tinh than rdt to Idn cho- mdi trudng dai hpc, cao dang. Trong td chirc canh quan cua chiing, cdc yeu td tao cdnh tu nhien (cdy xanh, mat nu&c, dia hinh...) va ylu td tao cdnh nhdn tao (hinh thirc vd khong gian kiin ink: (CIC phdm dieu khdc, tugng (rang tri, he
' BQ mon Do hog ky thugt - DHTL
thdng du&ng dgo...) dugc phdi ket mdt cdch hgp Iy nhdm khai thac tdi da ve dep tir thien nhien. Cdy xanh la yeu td tgo canh khdng the thieu va chiem mgt ty Ie khd Idn trong td chiic khdng gian kien tnic canh quan ciia cdc trucmg bdi su sinh dgng trong hinh thiic, mau sac, dang ddp... va kha nang bien ddi phong phii theo miia, theo thdi tiet, theo tdc dp trudng thanh va phdt trien cua mdi Ioai cdy trong mdi trudng thien nhien.
2. VAI T R 6 CUA CAY XANH TRONG KHONG GIAN KIEN TRIIC CANH QUAN CUA CAC TRUOfNG ©AI HQC-CAO DANG
Cdy xanh la "la phdi cua khdng gian" - khdng ai cd the phu nhan nhirng vai trd het sue quan trgng ciia cay xanh trong mdi trudng song ngay cang hdi hd, tdp nap cua con ngudi. Cay xanh cd kha nang lam giam Iugng khi CO2 va tdy di mgi chdt do ban trong khdng khi, ngdn bui, giam tieng dn, giam nhiet... nhdm cai thien mdi trudng vd chat Iugng cudc sdng.
Nhin tir gdc do quy hoach va kiln tnic thi cay xanh la mpt trong nhiing thanh phdn ca ban de tao dung bd cue hinh khdi - khdng gian trong td chiic cdnh quan ciia bdt ky thi Ioai cdng trinh ndo. Ddi voi khdng gian cac trudng dai hpc, cao dang - mdi trudng dac thii bdi cac hoat dpng gido due ddo tao va nghien ciiu, td chiic cay xanh Id rat can thiet bdi nhiing uu dilm ma no mang lai:
- Sy phong phu, sdng dpng cua mau sdc (la,
KHOA HQC Kf T H U A T THUY LQI VA MOl TRlrtWG - S6 43 (12/2013)
hoa,...), hinh dang (tdn Id, thdn cay, hinh dang cdi xen) va cdc lop cdy cao thdp khac nhau gdp phdn tao chieu sdu cho khdng gian, tang gia tri tham my ciia td hgp cdc cdng trinh trong khudn vien trudng, giiip cdng trinh hda nhdp vdi thien nhien, than thien vdi moi trudng;
- Td chiic cdy xanh (TCCX) k i t hgp vdi cac yeu td tao canh khac nhu hd nudc, md hinh biiu tugng trudng hgc, ghe da... tai cdc khdng gian nhu trudc khu cdng tin, ky hie xd, sdn the thao s5 tao nen mdi trudng khdng gian md, tao dilu ki?n cho cdc boat dgng giao Iuu, nghien ciiu ngoai trdi, giiip cho tdm ly hpc tap bdt cang thing. Thanh cdng trong viec khai thac va td chiic cdy xanh trong khudn vien trudng se tao nen sdc thdi rieng ciia timg khdng gian, gdp phdn hinh thdnh hinh dnh dau dn rieng cua timg trudng dai hgc, cao ddng;
- Td chirc cdy xanh hgp ly se che ndng tot ma van ddm bao chieu sang tu nhien cho cdc ldp hpc ddng thdi ddn dugc gid mdt vdo mua he, chdng dugc gid Ianh vao mua ddng. Dd la uu dilm ma khdng phai giai phap che ndng nhan tao ndo ciing cd t h i ddp iing dugc;
- Tdc do dd thj hda dien ra nhanh chdng keo theo sy ra ddi ciia mgt loat cac nha cao tang, cdc khu ddn cu vdi mat dg xay dyng cao dan bien cdc dd thi thdnh cac 'dao nhiet', thieu vdng cdc mdng xanh cdn thilt. N h u vay, viec td chtic cay xanh trong cac tnrdng dai hpc, cao ddng se gdp
phdn tao nen cac 'hat nhan xanh' gid tri cho khdng gian dd thi;
CJ cac nudc tren the gidi, td chiic cay xanh trong mdi trudng dai hpc, cao dang dugc xem nhu mgt tieu chi xay dung mdi trudng hgc tap thdn thien, xay dyng vdn hda hpc dudng. Nhieu trucmg dai hgc khdng chi cd thiet ke dep ma cdn chii trpng tao mdi trudng xanh trong Idnh, mdu sdc thien nhien sinh ddng nhu 'kien tnic trdi tim xanh' ciia Khoa nghe thudt, thiet k l va truyin thdng thupc dai hgc Cdng nghe Nanyang Singapore, hay dai hgc Yonsei Han Qudc..(hinh 1).
Hien nay, cdc trudng dai hgc, cao dang d Viet Nam da cd su quan tdm den van de td chiic cdnh quan ndi chung va td chiic cdy xanh ndi rieng trong mdi trudng hgc tap cua minh, trong dd ndi len mpt sd trudng cd td cbiic khudn vien cdy xanh khd dep mat nhu giai phap 'vudn mat diing' tren tudng be tdng trong khudn vien trudng dai hgc Kien tnic thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh (hinh 12) hay sdn vudn trong dai hpc Khoa hpc Tu nhien - Dai hpc Qudc gia...(hinh 3). Tuy nhien, td chiic cdnh quan ndi chung vd td chiic cdy xanh ndi rieng trong mpt sd trudng van cdn mang tinh chat ty phdt, chua cd sy nghien curu ky ludng trong thiet ke, nguyen nhan do khdng gian nhd ciing vdi dieu ki§n tdi chinh eo hep nen cdn lon xpn, chua cd gid In tham mv cao.
Hinh I. To chdc cdy xanh trong khdng gian kien tnic cdnh quan d cdc trudng dgi hgc iren the gidi (lie Irdi qua phdi Khoa nghe ihudl, thiil ki vd truyin thdng thudc DH Cong nghi Nanyang -Singapore: dgi hgc
Yonsei - Hdn Qudc vd mot irudng dai hgc & My) 3. M Q T SO NGUYEN T A C VA GIAI
PHAP T O C H U C CAY XANH T R O N G K H 6 N G GIAN CANH QUAN 6 C A C
T R U 6 N G D A I H Q C , C A O D A N G
Td chiic khdng gian kiln tnic trudng dai hgc, cao ddng la td hgp ciia nhieu khdi cdng trinh
khac nhau tao thanh mdt the thdng nhdt. Mdi khdi nhd cd nhirng ddc trung v l cdng nang vd hinh thirc rieng. Lien ket cac khdi cdng trinh ndy thudng Id hanh lang cdu, cac mang sdn Idn nhd, hd nudc, sdn trong... Ddy cung la nhimg khdng gian md cho cdc hoat dgng giao luu, hgc
KHOA HQC K? T H U A T T H O Y LQI VA MOl TRITONC - S 6 4 3 ( 1 2 / 2 0 1 3 )
tap ngodi trdi; khdng gian td chiic cdc sir kien hay tao hinh anh ddu dn. Cay xanh cd vai trd lam tdng tinh thdm my ciing nhu cau ndi lien ket cac khdng gian dd lai vdi nhau.
3.1. Mgt sd nguyen tdc to chirc cay xanh trong khong gian cdnh quan ciia cdc tru&ng dgi hgc, cao dang.
Do ddc diem ciia cac trudng dai hgc, cao dang la mdi trudng giao due dao tao cd ddi tugng sii dyng phdn Idn la sinh vien. Vi vay, lira chpn cdy xanh can luu y mdt sd nguyen tac sau:
a. Lua chgn logi cdy
+ Lira chgn loai cdy phii hgp vdi dac diem khi hau, thd nhudng cua timg dja phucmg ciing nhu quy hoach cu the ciia timg khu vuc trong trudng do mdi loai cay cd nhung ddi hdi nhdt dinh ve dieu kien sinh trudng va phat trien;
+ Lira chpn cdc loai cdy to cao, tudi thp Idn va cd tan rdng tao bdng mat cho san trudng, giiip tang ndng do oxy trong khdng khi, tao mdi trudng thodng mat, trong lanh (nhu xd cit, phugng vT, bang lang...);
+ Trdng them cdc loai cdy the, cdy cdnh cd khd ndng trang tri cao vd diem xuyet them cdc loai cay cd mdu sdc, cd hoa nd quanh ndm nham ldm sinh dgng han khdng gian cdnh quan cua trudng (nhu van tue, cau canh, eg...);
+ Khdng nen trdng cac loai cay an qua hodc cac cay gd xau, than canh de bi gay thdt thudng do gid bdo, thdi tiet;
+ Khdng trdng cac loai cdy cd hoa qua hap dan rudi nhdng, sdu bg nhu bdng, da, si... hoac cac loai cay cd nhieu gai, nhua dpc...
b. Lua chgn mau sdc cua cdy
Khdng gian trudng dai hpc, cao ddng nen cd
nhieu mdu sac sdng ddng, bdi ve phuong dien sinh hpc mdu sac tir thien nhien hoa cd se giiip kich thich tri nao, gidm cdng thing met mdi sau mdi gid hgc tap.
+ Ve CO ban, cdc cay to cao, tan rdng hosic cdy cdnh thudng cd sac ndu cua than va sic xanh phong phii cua la Iam phdng nen cho kiln tnic cdng trinh;
+ De lam sinh ddng khdng gian cdnh quan ciia trudng, lira chpn cac Ioai hoa, cd phong phii vl mdu sac trong dd cd dugc sir dyng Idm nin cho cac khdm cdy, bdn hoa va cdc kien tnic nhd nham tao su hai hda vd lien ket cdc yeu td tao canh khac nhau. Cdc loai hoa va mau sdc hoa rdt phong phii va da dang, cd loai hoa tao thdnh khdm hoa, bon hoa (ciic, pang-xe, hdng...), cd lodi hoa theo timg cay than gd (bdng ldng, phugng vT, diep vdng...), cd lodi hoa nd dugc nhieu nam (thu hdi du&ng, hdng..-) hay mdt nam (cue ngQ sdc, dong tien...) (hinh 2). Tiiy theo y dd bd cyc khdng gian canh quan vd dieu kien cu the cua timg trudng ma lua chgn cac Ioai hoa cd hgp Iy.
c. Lua chgn hinh ddng vd do cao cua cdy Vdi khdng gian ciia cdc trudng dai hpc, cao dang, tam quan sat vat the d khoang each gdn ciing tdc dp di chuyen chdm dan den thdi gian cam thu thi gidc Idu hon va kha nang nhdn biet cdc chi tiet ciia vat the ro net hcm. Do dd, hinh khdi va dang dap ciia cdy ddng vai trd rdt quan trgng do cac hinh thiic tao hinh cua chiing se lam phong phii ban khdng gian cdnh quan ciia khudn vien trudng. Cdc loai cdy ciing nen co chieu cao khac nhau nhdm lam tdng sy cam nhdn ve chieu sdu khdng gian ciing nhu kha nang phdi ket nhieu loai cay (hinh 3).
Hinh 2. Hoa bdng ldng iim, phucmg do vd hoa lan duong do tren sdn tru&ng dgi hgc Thuy lgi Hd Ngi vd
dgi hgc Kten true - Thdnh phd HCM
Hinh 3 CL/I !t'i>^ii_\ La<)thdp\a ddng ddp khac nhau trong TCCXo iricong dai hgc Khoa hoc Tu nhien
- DH Quoc gia Hd Noi
KHOA HQC KY T H U A T THUY LQI VA MOl T R I I N G • S6 43 (12/2013)
Nhu vay, ngoai cdc cay tao bdng mat vdi chieu cao tir 15-20 m cd hinh dang tu nhien, nen lya chgn them:
+ Cac loai cay cd kha ndng cit xen, udn theo hinh thil nhdt dinh vdi hinh dang tan khdc nhau (vi dy tan trdn, tdn hinh nam, tan phdn tdng, tan hinhthdp...) vdidgcao tir I-3m nhu ngdu, mau dcm, trdc ba diep...
+ Cac loai cay cdnh, cdy the cd hinh ddng d?p vdi hinh thuc than khac nhau (mdt thdn, hai thdn hay nhieu thdn) vdi chieu cao tic 2-3m nhu cau, van tue, dica canh...
+ Cac loai cay bui thdp de tao dudng vien cd do cao dudi 50cm vdi mau sac phong phii. Cdy dudng vien thudng dugc trdng bao ngodi nhdm nhdn manh dudng net, chu vi ciia mdt khu dat nhdt dinh. Cd the la cdc dudng vien cdy phat trien tu nhien, tao cdm gidc mem mai nhu dudng vien cay tdc tien, mat nai... hoac dudng vien cdt xen tao an tugng khde khodn, khudn
dlic nhu dudng vien cdy tnic ma, dudi...;
+ Cdc loai cdy hoa thdn thao trdng thanh khdm hoac bdn vdi chieu cao tir 50-80cm nhu ciic, bucrni budm, pdng xe...
+ Lam nen cho cac loai cay ndy Id cdc tham cd dugc cat tia ggn gang, tao hinh bo cue phong phii. O ddy, cd ddng vai trd hoan chinh bd cyc va tao nen sy hdi hda giiia cac yeu td tao canh khac nhau trong khdng gian cdnh quan ciia cdc trudng dai hpc, cao dang.
Trong thiet ke kien tnic, hinh dang vd dp cao cua cdy cd kha nang hd trg the hien hinh thiic kien tnic ciia cdng trinh. Vi dy trdng hdng cdy cao, mdnh mai nhu dira, cp... cd the gidm bdt hinh thiic nang ne cua khdi cdng trinh hodc cdy tao hinh tdn Id nhieu tdng, ddt cdn ximg deu ddn phia trudc ldi vdo cdng trinh nhu sanh the, timg bdeh tdn... se nhdn manh tinh trang nghiem ciia kien tnic trudng hpc... (hinh 4, 5).
Hinh 4. Hdng dira canh dugc irong doi xirng hai ben khu Hinh 5. Cdy iao hinh mn Id nhieu ldng ddi trirac nhd chinh irong dgi hgc Y-Hd Ngi hay khu ky liic xd loi vdo chinh trong DH Quoc gia Hd Mdi trong trudng dai hoc Cong nghe Nanyang-Singapore
Tdm Iai, cac loai cdy trong trong khudn vien trudng dai hgc, cao ding cdn dugc lya chpn ky ludng trong dd xet din ca ylu td dilu kien chdm sdc va dieu kipn kinh te cua trudng.
3.2. Cdch thiic td chii-c cdy xanh trong mgt sd khdng gian cdnh quan cda cdc tru&ng dgi hgc, cao ddng
Cdc khoang khdng gian cd the trdng cdy xanh trong td chiic khdng gian kiln tnic ciia mpt trudng dai hgc, cao dang rdt da dang tiiy thupc vao dipn tich khu ddt xay dyng trudng.
mat dp xdy dyng va khd ndng tai chinh ciia trudng. Trong bdi viet nay, tdc gid chi de cap din mdt sd khdng gian co bdn nhdt trong khudn vien cdc trudng dai hgc, cao ddng:
a. Td chirc cdy xanh trong khdng gian liep giap ben ngoai cong tru&ng
Day Id phdn khdng gian chuyen tilp giiia khuon vien trudng vd dudng dd thj. Tiiy vdo phdn dien tich thyc tl va tuyln dudng dd thj ma cd cdch td chiic va lira chpn cay xanh hgp ly:
+ Neu khdng gian nay Id sy tiep ndi vdi
KHDA HQC K? T H U A T THUY LQI VA MOI TRlrtUNG • S 6 4 3 ( 1 2 / 2 0 1 3 )
tuyln via he cua tuyln phd thi ap dung nguyen tdc td chiic cay xanh via he dd thi nhung khdng dugc che khudt tdm nhm. Cd the tang cudng td chiic cay xanh bdng cac bdn cdy sat hang rao vdi cac loai cay cdnh cd do cao thap (hinh 6);
hpc, cao dang (hinh ^
^^^^^f^p=m
+ Neu khdng gian nay cd dien tich Idn hon (phan via he va mdt phan dat trdng khac) thi td chiic cay xanh xen ke cdc bdn hoa nhieu mdu sac, dudng dao, ghe da... vira tao thanh khdng gian md cho cac hoat dgng nghi ngoi, vira td diem cho canh quan thien nhien khu dd thi va tao ra cac viing dem each ly tieng dn cho khdng gian hpc tap ben trong trudng (hinh 7);
Hinh 7 TCCX phia tnr&c tnc&ng DH Thiiy lgi Ngoai ra, cd the td cbiic cac bdn cay nhd tai try cdng trudng gdn vdi bien ten cua trudng vdi cac loai cdy cd kha ndng cat tia ggn gang hodc nhieu mau sac se lam tdng them net sinh ddng cho khdng gian 'cira ngd' cua cac trudng dai
Hinh 8. TCCX phia tru&c cdng trudng DH Khoa hgc& Ky thudl Bdc Kinh-Trung Qudc vd Hgc vi?n
Bdo chi&Tuyen truyen
b. To chuc cdy xanh trong khuon vien tnr&ng Trong khudn vien trudng dai hgc, cao ddng cd rdt nhieu khdng gian, tuy vdo dac tinh va tinh chdt cua timg khdng gian ma lua chgn cac Ioai cdy vd cdch thiic bd cyc hgp ly nham phat huy hieu qua gia tri nghe thudt cua cay xanh.
Cay xanh cd the trdng dpc lap, theo khdm ho^c bdn cay.
+ Khong gian sdn chinh (khu nhd chinh) Khdng gian san chmh la khdng gian tiep can ddu tien khi di qua cdng trudng, la khdng gian cd kich thudc tuong ddi Idn ndm phia trudc khu nhd chinh. Thdng thudng, khdng gian nay co tinh chat trang nghiem, lich su nen bd cyc canh quan sdn vudn thudng cd dang dang ddi, doi xiing true hodc ddi xiing tdm nhdm t^o trang thai can bdng, dn dinh. Mdt sd cdy xanh thudng dugc cat xen, tao khdi hinh hpc hodc trong
KHOA HQC KY T H U A T THUY LQI VA M O I TRlrtWG - S6 43 (12/2013)
nhimg Ioai cay cdnh cd hinh khdi ddng ddp rd rang (nhu van tue, diia canh, cau...) nhdm tdng them tinh nghiem tiic.
Day cdn Id mpt trong nhiing khdng gian cd tinh chat qudng ba hmh dnh cho trudng, khdng gian cd tinh chdt luu niem bdi khi ra trudng sinh vien thudng chpn khdng gian nay de chup dnh ky nipm Do vdy, td chiic canh quan ciia khdng gian nay thudng ket hgp nhieu yeu td tao cdnh khac nhau nhim tao ra cdc khdng gian, cac hmh anh cd tinh bieu trung nhu md hinh Id gd bieu tugng y nghia cua ten trudng, dai phun nudc, tugng nhting nhdn vat gdn bd vdi su trudng thdnh va phdt trien cua trudng.. .(hinh 9). Nhiing thiet ke nay thudng ldy cay xanh lam phdng nen, tao nen nhimg gdc nhm dep va dn tugng.
liinh 9. To chitc cdy xciiih iheo hinh thirc ddng doi kit hgp bi cdnh trong tru&ng Cao ddng Dien Lice -
Hd Noi
+ Khdng gian sdn trong
Khdng gian sdn trong thudng nam tnrdc cac cdng trinh tieu bieu trong khudn vien trudng nhu thu vien, hdi trudng, ky tiic xd... Ciing vdi khdng gian sdn chinh thi ddy Id nhiing khdng gian md cho cdc hoat ddng giao Iuu, nghi ngoi, cac hoat ddng ngoai khda, tiep xuc ban be tao nen nhiing khoanh khdc thu gian sau nhiing gid hgc tap cang thdng. Khdng gian san trong tao dieu kien cho quan he cdng ddng gdn bd hon, nhirng sinh vien tir nhieu vimg que khac nhau, nhieu Idp, khda khdc nhau cd co hdi gap gd, trd chuyen, chia se vd thau hieu nhau hcm qua cac hoat dpng nhdm trong mdi trudng thien nhien trong Idnh.
Nhiing khdng gian nay vira cd tinh chat luu niem vira cd y nghTa tinh than rat Idn ddi vdi sinh vien - ddi tupng sir dung chinh trong cac trudng dai hpc, cao dang. Cay xanh ddng vai trd thiet yeu trong td chirc cdnh quan cua cac khdng gian nay bdi mau sac tii thien nhien hoa cd tao nen siic hap dan cho khdng gian. Q ddy, cd the lua chpn hinh thiic bd cyc sdn vudn ty do, phi ddi xiing tao cam giac sinh ddng, Iinh hoat, gan gui vdi tu nhien. Mpt sd cdy xanh cd the trdng ty nhien xen lan vdi cac yeu td tao canh khac nhu da tao hinh, tugng cdnh, be nudc trang tri hoac ghe da (hinh 10)...
Hinh 10 Sdn irong trudng dgi hgc Kien tnic thdnh pho HCM vd trudng cao ddng Sit phgm Ddc Ldc
Ciing cd the lya chgn kieu bd cue dang ddi de the hipn tinh nghiem tiic ciia kien tnic cdng trinh;
tuy nhien, chii y phdi kit va lira chgn cdc Ioai cdy trong ty nhien va cdt xen tao khdi hai hda nham t^o ra sy sinh dpng, tuoi vui cho khdng gian.
+ Khong gian loi vdo cdc toa nhd Khdng gian ldi vdo cac tda nha thudng td
chiic cac bon nhd trdng cdy nham nhdn manh ldi ra vdo chinh, hudng ddng ngudi tap trung vdo phia dd. Cd the trdng cac loai cay cd kha ndng cdt xen hodc tao thanh khdm hai den ba cdy vdi chilu cao thdp de khdng che khuat tdm nhin. Cd thi dat cdc chau cdy canh, cdy the t^i cdc vi tri nay de tdng tinb hap dan va gid tri
KHOA HQC K? THUAT THiiY IQI VA MOI TRUONG • S6 43 (12/2013)
tham my cho khdng gian (hinh 5).
+ Khong gian giifa hai khu nhd
Khdng gian giiia hai khu nhd la nhiing khdng gian cd kich thudc nhd, chua dii dien tich cua mgt sdn trong. Cd the td chiic cac ddi cdy cdnh hodc ket hgp vdi cac loai cdy hoa, cay dudng vien cat xen deu dan tren nen cd vdi hinh thiic dan gian.
+ Ban cong hogc mdi hien
Ban cdng trudng hpc cd the thiet ke tao cac bon hoa nhd hoac cdy cdnh la diem xuyet tang
tinh sinh ddng cho khdng gian. Nen chpn nhiing lodi cay cdnh la de trdng vd khdng ton nhieu cdng chdm sdc nhu xuong rdng, ludi cpp... hodc cac loai cay cd khd ndng cat tia tao hinh don gidn. Khdng nen trdng cac loai cay co tan Id ram rap do che mat ve dep va dudng net kien tnic ciia cdng trinh.
Ciing cd the tdng cudng td chirc cdy xanh tren cac phan mdi dua ra cua cdng trinh nhu d dai hgc Kien tnic - Ha Ngi hoac dai hgc RMit- thanh phd Hd Chi Minh... (hmh I I ) .
vc\ ^^ ^ .«-fi
Hinh 11. Td chicc cdy xanh 0 en han cong, hoac mdi hien n-ong tnrdng DH Cong nghe Nanyang -Smgupoie \a DH RMit- TP Ho Chi Minh
+ Hdnh lang cdc tdng hgc
Ddi vdi hanh lang cdc tdng hgc, cd t h i dat cdc chau canh d nhirng vi tri thich hgp, tranh can trd ldi di va va dap khi sinh vien tan hgc.
+ Mgt so khong gian dgc biet khdc Vdi su phdt trien ciia khoa hpc ky thuat, cd the td chiic cdy xanh tren nhii'ng khdng gian ddc biet nhu tudng be tdng hoac phdn mdi cdng trinh. Day la giai phap rdt hieu qua trong viec xanh hda khdng gian, gia tdng dien tich trdng cdy tren mgi be mat cd the. 'Vudn mat diing' dugc nghien ciiu thanh cdng bdi Trung tdm nghien ciiu Kien truc-Canh quan va Trung tam nghien cim iing dung thuc nghiem Kiln tnic- Xdy dyng thudc trudng Dai hpc Kiln Tnic thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh va dugc thir nghiem tren mdt mang tudng ciia trudng DH Kiln tnic thanh phd HCM. Dd la mdt khu vudn dai 10,4m. cao 5, Im, day 0,2m , dien tich 53,04m' vdi 33 chimg loai, hoa, thdo mdc tua tren mdt dan khung chdng am dugc thilt k l ddc
biet de khong Iam hu hdng be mat tudng, vira cung cap nudc va chat dinh dudng cho cay mpt each tu dgng thdng qua mpt he thdng tudi nuac tuan hoan (hinh 12).
Hinh 12. Vudn tren mdi ludng be long trong tnc&ng dai hgc Kien true thdnh pho HCM Nhiing khdng gian xanh nay se gdp phan thanh lpc khdng khi, tao sir sinh ddng va tuoi mdi cho khdng gian kien tnic ciia cac trudng dai hgc va cao ddng.
KHOA HQC KY T H U A T THUY LQI VA M O I TRITQNC • SO 43 (12/2013)
4. KET LUAN noi chung va cay xanh noi rieng gop phan ichong Trong xa hpi phat trien hien nay, giao due dai nho tao nen su thanh cong cua cong tac dao tao.
hpc Viet Nam luon trong xu the hpi nhap quoc Hien nay, nliieu tnrcmg dai hpc, cao dang cr Viet te, toan cau hoa ve tri thtrc. Muon vay, moi Nam cung co su quan tam chu y den to chiic cay truong giao due dai hpc khong nhiing phai dap xanh trong khong gian canh quan cOa tmong, ling cac tieu chi ve chat lupng dao tao nhu trang khong chi don thuan la trSng cay ma c6 su thi^t bi kien thiic, ky nang chuyen mon, ren luyen ke, lira chpn cac loai cay, hinh thiic va each thiic nang luc nhan thiic, nang luc tu duy va pham bo cue hop ly ket hpp voi nhQng yeu to tao canh chat nhan van cho nguoi hpc ma con phai quan khae nham muc dich phat huy hieu qua gia tri tam den viec tao dung doi song tinh than, moi nghe thuat cua cay xanh va ho Up tang tinh tham truang van hoa. To chiic khong gian canh quan my cho kien tnic cua truong.
Tai lieu tham khao
1 .PTS. KTS. Han Tat Ngan - Kien true cdnh quan - Nha xuat ban Xay Dung 1999;
2.Bai bao "Td chicc khdng gian kien true cdnh quan trong quy hoach, thiet lie cdc tnrdng Dgi hoc, cao ddng" ciia PGS.TS.KTS Pham Himg Cucmg - Dai hpc Xay Dung dang tren tap chi Kien Tnic Viet Nam - s6 07/2009;
3.Bai bao "Vucm tren mat diing lan nhdt" tren bao dien til VietKings-T6 chiic ky luc Viet Nam dang ngay 21/5/2012;
4.Mpt s6 tu lieu anh cac trucmg dai hpc, cao dang lay tir cac trang web pho bien tra tir Google;
Abstract
ORGANIZATION OF GREEN SPACE IN ARCHITECTURAL LANDSCAPE OF UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES
For spatial organization in architectural landscape of universities and colleges, trees are one of the natural landscape elements that play a very important role and occupy a relatively large proportion in the visual sense. Trees contribute to creation of open space and spirit space and facilitate community activities, friend exchange, and outdoor study that helps to reduce psychological stress in studying. Spatial organization of universities and colleges is a group combination of multiple spaces, in which each space has specific formal and functional features.
Thus, tree organization need to be inexh-icably linked with rules of tree selection, colour, appearance and height ofthe tree, and logical layout in order to promote artistic value ofthe tree effectively and contribute to building a friendly learning environment and school culture.
Keywords: organization of green space, universities and colleges, school architecture, landscape organization
Ngudi phdn bien- GS. TS. Nguyen Chien BBT nhdn bdi: 2/8/2013 Phdn biin xong: 3/10/2013
KHOA HQC Kl THUAT THUY HH VA H O I TRI/iHIO • Sfi 43 (12/2013) 111
