Dfl bao, den nam 2020

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I Ca khi die tao nu&c ngoai

Trien vong nhu cau thiift bi ciio ItfoTi didn niio va sieu nli6 de'n nam 2020

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fl bao, den nam 2 0 2 0 , thj trfldng eda cac Ifldi d i d n sieu nhd (micro- grid) se dat doanh thu hang nam khoang 40 ty USD; Trong dd gia tri thie't bj cd the dat hang chuc ty USD. Cd the ndi thi tradng nay da phat trien tfl cac nghien cdu mang tinh thd nghiem va hidn nay da gan dat de'n quy md thaong m a i . Cac nha nghien cflu vd n a n g Ifldng cho rang t h i trfldng nay sap tdi se cd hien tfldng bCing n d , ddng thdi se mang ddn nhieu dieu ly thu cho cac nha dau tfl va cung cap thidt bj vao iTnh vfle nay.

Khi sieu bao Sandy do bd vao nfldc Hoa Ky, nd da gay ra thie't hai fldc tinh len de'n 71 ty USD, gay mat dien tren dien rdng ddi vdi 3,5 tridu ho sd dung d i e n . Mpt hieu flng khac cua sieu bao Sandy tao ra mdt eudc tranh luan vd hieu qua ciJa Ifldi didn phan tan so vdi Ifldi dien tap trung, dac biet la viec khai thac cac ladi dien sieu nhd se giam thieu thiet hai cua toan bd he thd'ng d i e n , ddng thdi giam thidt hai cho hd sfl dung dien trong tradng hpp xay ra thien tai. Dien dan t o i n cau vd ladi dien sieu nhd daoc td chdc tai California mpt lan nda da khang djnh sa quan tam rat Idn dd'i vdi ladi didn sieu nho nhd vao dac tinh dam bao sa dn d m h va ddc lap ve nang lapng cho cac hd sd dung d i e n .

Theo Navigan Research: "Ladi dien sieu nhd la mdt he thd'ng nang IflOng tich hop bao gdm cac nguon nang Iflpng phan tan (DER distributed energy resources).

ffMwtMM* a i w s y Awovrcw

fotvrr Dixiribmton ' 8 > j M » SivitcA ,

Uinh hoa hoat dgng cua lUdi dien sieu nhd l<hi tich ra khdi iUdi dien tip trung

mdt sd phu tai va hd thd'ng do d e m , he thd'ng nay cd the hoat dpng nhfl mdt ladi d i e n ddc lap, tach khdi ladi dien phan phdi hien h a n h " . C h i n h t i n h nang hoat ddng ddc lap da tao cho ladi dien sieu nhd sfl quan tam d i e biet tai chau M y va mdt so thi tradng khac.

Ngoai ra, khai n i d m ladi d i d n sieu nho dOOe nhae de'n khi tai cac qud'c gia phat trien da xua't hien nhu cau thay the cac Ifldi didn gia coi bang cac he thd'ng linh hoat v i thdng m i n h hdn.

Theo trang d i d n t d SBl Energy danh gia thi Ifldi dien sieu nho cd the dflOc sfl dung n h f l nhflng khdi eau thanh Ifldi d i e n thdng m i n h . Trong 2 nam qua, phat trien quan trpng nhat eua t h | trfldng Ifldi dien sieu nho non tre la sfl hinh thanh quy md thflong mai tfl nhflng nghien cflu mang tinh ly thuyet; N h u e l u rat Idn ve eac he thd'ng phat va phan phd'i nang Ifldng cd the boat ddng doe lap

vdi Ifldi d i e n t a p trung d i thuc day sfl phat tridn cua thj trOdng ladi d i e n sieu nho.

Cac nghien cflu m d rpng ciia Navigant Research t i n h den dau n a m 2 0 1 2 cho tha'y, cd 5 phan khuc thj tradng cd ban v l nang laong dang dapc hadng Ipi tfl sii phat trien cua thi trfldng Ifldi dien sieu n h d , dd la: Thfldng mai / C d n g nghiep (5,6%); Cong ddng dan efl/ Cae nganh phuc vu ( 3 1 , 7 % ) ; C a c t d chflc/Nganh giao due (44,6 % ) ; Quan ddi (6,3%); V u n g sau, vung xa/Khu vfle chfla cd d i e n (11,8%).

Tai Bac M y , cdng suat dien sidu nho dat de'n 2.088 M W cho tat ca cae d f l an t i e n kha thi, dang xay dflng va da di vao hoat ddng. Cae khu vfle eon lai cOa t h e g i d i c h d n g k i e n sfl t i n g tradng m a n h me cua thi tradng ladi d i d n sieu nhd tfl 0 , 1 % vao gifla n a m 2011 Idn dd'n 12,7%, taong dadng 4 0 4 M W vao cudi nam 2 0 1 2 . Khu vac chau A -

3 8 I Tap chi Doanh nghidp Ccf khf & Oifi stfng - So 2/2013

•.^.^-.^^1111

Thii Binh Daong cd giim sut v l ty trpng, trong khi Chiu Au duy tri thj phan vio khoing 12%. Theo mpt sd nhi nghidn cdu thi Chau Au cd v^ dang t i p tmng nghien cflu cic y tfldng ve cd sd nang Iflpng Io hdn l i phat trien Ifldi didn sidu nhd.

M$c dd cd mpt sd Ifldi dien sidu nhd da v i dang dflpc khai thic nhang chd ydu van l i cic thd hd dIu tien dflpc van hinh nhin cdng v i chay bing miy phit diesel. Trong khi dd the he ke tidp eda Ifldi didn sidu nhd dang dflpc nghidn edu tfch hpp cic hd thdng quin ly bing cdng nghd thdng tin, cic phin mem phfle tgp v i cic bp chuyen ddi mdi phCi hpp vdi cie ngudn didn khic nhau, tat e l tgo ndn mOt hd thdng cd dd dn djnh v i tin c|y cao. Dfldi diy l i mdt sd dfl an tidu bilu v l ladi didn sidu nhd.

Lfldi di^n nhd 42MW t^i San Diego, Hoa Ky: Bao gdm mdt tr?m phit didn pin nhidn lidu cd cdng suit 2,8 MW sd dgng khi sinh hpe td nhi miy xfl ty nUde thii eda thinh phd; mdt trgm phit didn pin m5t trdi cd cdng suit 1,2 MW;

mdt hd thdng tdn trfl quang ning tfch hpp cdng suat 30kW; cdng vdi mdt nhi miy didn cdng suit 27MW cd hd thdng lim mit va mdt hd thdng tdn tri3 nhidt ning cd dung tfch 15 tridu Ift. Lpi feh an togng nhat eda vide triin khai Ifldi di0n sidu nhd niy l i da tidt kipm dflpc mdt khoin tiln len den 850.000 USD/nim neu so vdi vide sd dgng didn tn^c tiep tfl Ifldi didn t3p tmng; Tdi day hd thdng niy dflijc dIu tfl thdm gin 5 tridu USD nfla de hoin thidn, gia ting hipu suat ho§t dOng.

Lfldi di$n sidu nhd cua quSn cl$i Hoa Ky tai Afghanistan:

Giim nhu elu ve ning lapng

tren c i c vDng chidn sg dape xem nha la mdt thich thflc quan trpng eda bd phan cung dng.

Lfldi didn sidu nhd dfldc nghidn cflu ap dung vdi muc dich lam tang hidu q u i sfl dung nang Iflpng, h?n chd rdi ro quan dpi phii ddi m^t khi sd dung, van chuyen v i dfl trd ngudn nang lapng, giim thieu chi tidu qudc phdng trong van de nang lapng.

Vdi cdng suat 1 MW, ladi didn sidu nhd eua quan dpi Hoa Ky tai Afghanistan cung cap dien ning eho nha bep, phdng giat, nhi vd sinh v i liu ngfl. Ndu gap sfl cd v l dien, thi cac thidt bj radio, radar hoic c i e thidt bj quan sa khac khdng bj eat theo.

Sa thdng minh eda hd thdng ladi didn sidu nhd cdn the hidn d khi nang linh boat trong quin ly didn, cung cap nhidt dd phCi hpp vdi con ngadi v i mdi tradng.

Ndu nhidt dp bdn ngoai qua cao, dieu hda eIn Ignh hon thi bd xfl ly eua hd thdng se bio sd lidu ddn cac miy phat didn de eic may phit dien ta kdt ndi vdi nhau v i dieu chinh ngudn didn eung cap eho phij hpp. Ben canh dd, vide l i p mdi cic thiet bi v i o hd thdng ladi didn sidu nhd cung de ding hon nhilu so vdi hd thdng didn hidn nay. Tfl md hinh niy, cae nha nghidn cdu quan dpi Hoa Ky dang tien hinh nghidn cdu hdp chuyen ddi nang Ifldng mdt cich phd bidn, cho phep e i c ngudn nang Iflpng tfldng tac vdi nhau. Nghidn cflu niy da qua giai doan thfl nghipm v i dang dflpc trien khai rpng r i i trong n i m 2013.

Lfldi difn sidu nhd d Nh^t Ban: T^p doin Toshiba eda Nhit Bin dang trien khai mdt Ifldi didn sidu nhd tai dio Miyako vdi sg phdi hpp eda Cdng ty Didn

Iflc Okinawa. Sau khi hoin thanh, dfl i n n i y se l i dfl i n Ifldi dien sieu nhd cd quy md Idn nhat tai Nh|t Bin.

Nhfl v^y cd the thay, Ifldi didn nhd v i sidu nhd ddc l?p hay cd lidn ket mem vdi cac hd thdng didn Idn ed rat nhieu ijg thd ve quan ly, dp tin cay v i g i i thinh didn nang so vdi cic hd thdng didn tmyln thdng vi nd cd flU thd di tfl ngudn ning Iflpng t i i t^o, tien Ipi cho vide cung cap d eic vijng siu, vung xa, vdng bidn gidi, h i i dio, m i didn Ifldi khdng thd vdi tdi dflpc; Hpn nfla nd cd the tdn tai trong moi dilu kidn khi hau, thdi tidt... nhd hd thdng van hinh ridng ket hpp tfl nhieu ngudn, nhieu dang ning Iflpng khic nhau. Triin vpng eda thj trfldng niy rlt Idn, keo theo eic nhu eau ve eung elp thidt bj cung khdng nhd v i khdng ngflng gia ting.

Ddi vdi Viet Nam, cic hd thdng didn d^ng niy eung dang cd nhu cau Idn de cung elp cho cie hd dung didn d cic vung bien, dio, vung siu, vung xa, vdng ndi cao, mdt sd vung cd dieu kidn thdi tidt khic nghipt (mfla bao. Id, lut nhieu); Cap didn d?ng niy eho cic nhu c l u qudc phdng, an ninh cung cd nhu cau Idn, die bidt ddi vdi eic ddn vj ddn trd d xa trung t i m , tieh rdi dat lien. Phin Idn eic thiet bi nang Ifldng cho eic mge dich nay ddu phii nhip khIu, dflpc ehe t?o trdn ed sd cdng nghp truyin thdng. da lac h§u. Day thflc sfl l i thj trfldng tilm ning cho eic nhi ehe tao v i cung cap thiet bj nhd v i sidu nhd trong cic nim tdi./. •

Th.sT Ninh Ha Tong bap tbeo Bao, Tin NN, theo NLVN

Tap chi Doanh nghidp Ca khf & Dttl ilfng • S6 2/201 ^ 1 3 9