PHU^ONG PHAP TINH TOAN THOI GIAN GIAN CACH CHAY TAU HOP LY CHO CAC TUYEN DlTOOVG SAT DO THI
TS. NGUYEN DUY VIET KS. TRINH VAN MY Bd mdn Tin hifu Giao thdng Khoa Bipi - Bi^n tit
Tru&ng Bai hpc Giao thdng Van tdi
Tom tdt: Phdn tich cdc tinh huSng trong cong tdc chay tdu, dua ra cdc cong thuc tinh gian cdch chay tdu cho tinh huSng dgc trung, mo phong di cd dugc kit qud la co thi riit ngdn gian cdch thai gian giiia hai dodn tdu nhdm ddm bdo an todn vd cdi thien cong tdc chay tdu:
ndng cao nang luc thong qua, tdc dp chay tdu, lam tdt hem chdt lugng van chuyin.
Bdi bdo ndy giai thieu mpt phuang phdp mai di rut ngdn gian cdch thai gian chay tdu cho viec dieu khiin chay tdu a nai co mat dp lan vd mpt s6 phuong phdp khSng chi tdc dp chay tdu.
Summary: Analyzing situations in train operation, giving the train's inteval formula for typical situation, simulating to take results can shorten the interval between trains to ensure safety and improve train operation: capacity, operation speed, transport quality.
The paper introduces a new method to shorten the time interval between trains in high density lines and some operation contrail methods.
I. DAT VAN DE
Trong van tai duong sat hien dai, ngay cang nhieu tuyIn duong sit doi hoi chay voi toe dp cao va mat dp chay tau lan. Voi cac thanh ph6 Ion, cac tuyen duong sat npi d6 doi hoi mat dp chay tau qua Ion se co mpt van de nghiem trpng la nhieu khi cac doan tau se phai cho lau tai ga.
Da CO mpt s6 phuong an, vi du xay dung moi tuyen duong su dung bon duong (4 duong chay tau song song). Dieu do se gap tro ngai boi vi can co mpt t6ng miic dau tu Ion, thai gian xay dung lau va cin ngu6n nhan lire Ion. Mpt giai phap nira dugc dua ra la tang so lugng toa xe hoac su dung toa xe 2 ting va chay tau voi mat dp cao, nhung neu lam nhu the toe dp ciia doan tau se bj giam tuong doi.
Chinh vi vay huong nghien cuu co tinh kha thi la xem xet lai quan niem ve dam bao gian each an toan chay tau, nang cao kha nang cua he th6ng tin hieu se nit ngan gian each thai gian chay tau, lam co so de nang cao t6c dp va mat dp chay tau tren tuyen duong.
Tap chi KHOA H O C G I A O THONG VAN TAI So 33 - ' 3/2011
65
II. NOI DUNG
Phuorng phap Ichong che tuyet doi
Nhu da bilt, cac tuyen duong sat d6 thj thuong la cac duong d6i va m6i duong chu yeu to cbiic chay tau theo mpt huong. De xem xet nit ngan thoi gian gian each chay tau trong cac tuyen co mat dp Ion co the phan thanh cac truong hgp:
Hai doan tau chay du6i lien tuc va th6ng qua ga. Truong hgp nay, kh6ng phai mat thai gian dung tai ga, va ca bai tau deu co the chay voi t6c dp cho phep.
Hai doan tau chay duoi va c6 dimg lai tren ciing mpt duong trong ga. Truang hgp nay, ca bai tau diu phai giam t6c dp, phai mat mpt khoang thoi gian dimg tai ga la 4, va mit mpt thai gian de tang t6c den t6c dp cho phep.
- Hai doan tau chay duoi, doan tau chay sau vugt doan tau chay truoc. Truong hgp nay, chi CO doan tau phia truoc la phai giam t6c va mat thai gian dimg tai ga ciing nhu thai gian tang t6c len toe dp cho phep.
Khi xem xet lam each nao co the nit ngan thai gian gian each chay tau tren toan tuyen, phai lira chpn phuang an c6 thoi gian gian each dai nhat trong cac truong hgp nay. Nhu the thi truong hgp thii 2 se dugc lira chpn vi thai gian gian each chay tau cua no la Ion nhat. Silr dung phuang phap m6 ph6ng de tinh toan thoi gian gian each cb^y tau sii dung c6ng thiic (1) duoi day [3]. Trong do, \J^ la thai gian tir luc tau bat dau phanh cho den khi dirng lai hoan toan va
i2HK+K+^T)
la thoi gian can de chay mpt khoang each tuong duong voi t6ng cac gian each an toan cpng vai chieu dai cua ca hai doan tau.3 V a
(1)Trong do:
Vn,: Van t6e khi doan tau toi gan ga; a: Gia t6c duong cua tau (gia t6c tang t6c); P: Gia t6c am ciia tau (gia t6c ham); la: Chieu dai an toan theo huong giii tau; lb: Chieu dai an toan theo huong don tau; Ij: Chieu dai ciia doan tau; Is: Chieu dai an toan theo huong don tau (truang hgp dirng khan cip); tc: Thai gian tre; ts: Thai gian dirng tai ga.
IT la
"oa xxy
Hinh J. Dodn tdu dimg tai ga
66
rap chi KHOA HOC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 33 - 03/2011IT
"ryy 1X1
Hinh 2. Dodn tdu dimg khdn cdp
Bdng 1. Thdng so ddu vao
Thong so
Vm
a
P
la lb
Gia tri 75km/h 3km/h/s (0.833m/s^) 3km/h/s (0.833m/s^)
20 m 20 m
Thong so
IT Is tc ts
Gia tri 200 m 50m
3s 40s
Gia sur l i y cac t b 6 n g so n h u 6 bang 1, thay cae chiing vao c 6 n g thiic ta tinh d u g c thai gian gian each chay tau la 92 giay.
K i t qua m 6 p h 6 n g n h u trong binh 3 , voi true tung la khoang each (m), true hoanh la gian each t h a i gian, co t h i nhan t h i y r i n g doan tau c i n 25 giay tir khi b i t d i u ham d i n liic dimg hoan toan. Sau thoi gian dirng 4 0 giay, doan tau c i n 24 giay d l chay d u g c quang d u o n g 240m, tuong d u o n g voi tong c h i l u dai cua gian each an toan (U + lb) va chieu dai ciia doan tau (IT). Tong thai gian tir khi b i t d i u quan sat d i n khi k i t thiic la 89 giay. D o do, n l u c o n g them 3 giay do tre thi t6ng thoi gian la 92 giay. Gia trj nay triing voi gia trj tinh toan ly thuyet.
ao c
ICO
a
900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 -100 -200
- I 1 r 1
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Thai gian (s) Hinh 3. Dgc tinh thai gian gian cdch cua I dodn tdu vdoga vd dirng tren ga
bdng phuang phdp khong chi tuyet ddi
Ngudn: Tomonori Shibata, Koichirou Shida, Hideji Fujikawa and Shinichi Yamada, "Development of signaling safety system for realizing high density
and high speed train operation "
Tap chi K H O A H O C G I A O T H O N G VAN TAI S o 33 - 0 3 / 2 0 1 1
67
Voi phuang phap nay doan tau phia sau khong dugc phep vao ga cho din khi doan tau phia truoc da roi ga va chay dugc voi quang duong bing t6ng cac gian each an toan cpng vai chieu dai cua doan tau. Do do gian each t6i thieu trong truong hgp nay giu-a 2 doan tau la 240m cpng voi chieu dai duong chay don gui trong ga. Trong nguyen tic nay, no xem nhu la du6i ciia doan tau phia truoc van chiem dung duong ga nhung co thi thuc chit la no dang roi duong ga, do do CO mpt khoang each kh6ng can thiet giu-a 2 doan tau khi doan tau phia sau chuan bj vao ga.
Phirong phap khong che tuong doi
Vj tri cua doan tau phia sau se dugc tinh toan dua tren gia thiet la doan tau phia truoc dang dimg. Thuc te la doan tau phia truoc kh6ng dimg lai lap tiic ma no chay mpt quang duong nira moi dirng han. Phuong thuc khong che t6c do tuong d6i dugc dua tren co so nay va dua tren toe dp cua doan tau phia truoc. C6ng thiic tinh toan gian each chay tau dugc dua ra nhu trong c6ng thiic (2) [3]. Trong do, -^
2
la thai gian can thiet de ca 2 doan tau dirng lai hoan toan,
va 1T+1S la thai gian de chay mpt khoang each tuong duong voi t6ng gian each an toan va dp dai cua tau.
t„
P'P
L + ]
+ - I — • + t (2)
e /
Trong do:
P: Gia t6c ham cua tau phia sau; Pe: Gia t6c ham Ion nhat ciia tau phia tru6c trong truang hgp phanh khan cap; Vn,: Van t6c Ion nhat cua 2 doan tau.
Chiing ta khong the ap dung (2) vao gia thiet cua chung ta vi 2 doan tau kh6ng dimg va chay du6i lien tuc. Hon nira, viec ling dung cua phuang phap khong che t6c dp tuong d6i bj gioi han vi no chi co the dugc ling dung trong truong hgp thir nhat. Trong bai bao nay ta chi tap trung vao phuong phap giam gian each co hieu qua cho truang hgp thii 2.
Dieu dang quan tam nhat la lam the nao de kh6ng xay ra va cham giira cac doan tau. De phong ngira sir va cham giira cac doan tau, chiing ta su dung mpt diem chuan de dam bao va duy tri khoang each va gian each an toan, chung ta gpi la "dilm 0".
Vj tri ciia diem 0 dugc xac djnh theo c6ng thiic (3), trong do
P"Pe
la khoang each can thiet de cho ca 2 doan tau dirng lai. Doan tau phia sau dugc phep vugt qua diem nay voi gian each binh thuang, gian each nay dugc xac djnh theo c6ng thirc (4).
2(
s =• 1 1
p p
+1,+1, (3)
e y
68
Tap chi KHOA HOC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 33 - 03/2011t. v„ (4) Trong do:
S„: Khoang each cin thilt giua 2 doan tau; tn: thai gian gian each cin thilt.
' E 600
0£
ica c 3
o
500 400 300 200 100 0 -100 -200
y
. ^^
Dau Ma phfa trudc
; Bu6i tiiu phia tnrdc
" " ' \ B I U teu ph(a sau
y ^ " " ' Du6rauj)hfa-saa-
10 20 30 40 50
Thai gian (s)
Hinh 4. Tinh todn thai gian gian cdch bdng phuang phdp khSng chi tuang ddi (truang hgp khdn cdp) Ngudn: Tomonori Shibata, Koichirou Shida, Hideji Fujikawa and Shinichi Yamada, "Development
of signaling safety system for realizing high density and high speed train operation "
Trong cong thirc (3), Pe dugc gia djnh la 6 km/h/s (1.667m/s^) nhu mpt gia trj nguong an toan. D I chiing minh, chung ta thirc hien m6 ph6ng su dung c6ng tbii-c (3) va (4). Gia sir doan tau phia truoc dot ngpt giam t6c voi gia toe ham la 6 km/h/s (1.667m/s^) va dirng lai. Kit qua mo phong dugc chi ra nhu trong hinh 4.
Til' ket qua m6 phong nhan thay rang, khoang thoi gian doan tau phia truoc dugc chay voi t6c dp cho phep khi toi gan ga, sau khi vugt qua "diem 0" la 18s (vj tri each diem 0 la 375m).
Thai gian nay dugc tinh toan sir dung cong thiic (4). Sau do doan tau ham khan cap voi gia toe 6km/h/s (1.667m/s^), dau ciia doan tau dirng tai vj tri each "diem 0" la 505m. Them vao do, doan tau phia sau se cham toi "diem 0" sau 21 giay sau khi doan tau phia truac vugt qua diem nay va bat dau giam t6c voi gia t6c 3km/h/s (0.833m/s^). Cuoi ciing, dau ciia doan tau s«u se dirng tai vj tri each "diem 0" la 260.4m. Khoang each giira 2 tau (du6i doan tau phia truoc den dau doan tau phia sau) la 44.6m.
Cho thiy ring co the rut ngin dugc gian each chay tau ma kh6ng xay ra va cham, tham chi trong truang hgp khan cap. Do do, vai phuang phap nay co the dam bao an toan cho mpi truang hgp.
Phuong trinh tinh toan gian each thai gian cin thiet cho truong hgp ca hai doan tau dirng lai 6 ciing mpt duong ga theo e6ng thirc (5) dua tren cac c6ng thiic (3) va (4), trong do tn dugc
Tap chi KHOA HOC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 33 - 03/2011
69
2 x ( l + 1 . + L ) , ,
tinh bang c6ng thiic (4) va . — la thai gian can de chay mpt quang duong tuong a
duong voi t6ng cac gian each an toan cpng voi chieu dai cua hai doan tau.
2x(l + 1 , + L )
(5) Trong truong hgp tb6ng thuong, doan tau phia truoc giam toe voi gia t6c 3km/h/s (0.833m/s^). D I khong xay ra va cham giua cac doan tau ta lay gia trj nguong Pe = 6km/h/s (1.667m/s^) va thay vao cong thiic (3), (4) va (5) (voi cac th6ng s6 nhu bang 1) ta dugc x^ = 86 s.
1000 00
'a
3
120 130 Thai gian (s) Hinh 5. Tinh todn thai gian gian cdch bangphuangphap diiu khiin tuong doi (truong hap binh thuang)
Ngudn: Tomonori Shibata, Koichirou Shida, Hideji Fujikawa and Shinichi Yamada, "Development of signaling safety system for realizing high density and high speed train operation "
Hinh 5 la kit qua m6 ph6ng dua tren cac c6ng thuc (3), (4) va (5). Nhan thay rang, gia tri Tre bang voi thoi gian ma doan tau phia sau vugt qua diem 0, nhung doan tau dung tai vj tri each duong ga la 375m. Vi chiing ta lay gia trj gia toe ham trong truang hgp khan cap, khoang each nay tuong duong voi khoang each tinh dugc theo c6ng thiic (3).
Doan tau phia sau giS khoang each an toan su dung cong thiic (3) va (4) de tranh va cham voi doan tau phia truoc dimg tai ga. Nhung mat khac, doan tau phia sau co the chay voi t6c dp cho phep khi toi gan ga voi thai gian dupe tinh toan nhu cong thiic (4) khi no xac nhan dugc la doan tau phia tnroc se roi ga.
Ket qua m6 ph6ng theo giai phap nay dugc m6 ta nhu hinh 6, so sanh voi hinh s6 5 ta thay rang sau khi doan tau vugt qua diem 0 no van dugc chay voi t6c dp cho phep va dimg tai duong ga (hinh so 5 thi doan tau phai dimg tai vj tri each duong ga 375m) do do gian each chay tau giam con 86s ma chic chin khong xay ra va cham voi doan tau phia truoc da roi ga.
70
Tap chi KHOA HOC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 33 - 03/2011ao
00
c
3
c
1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 -100 -200
y
/ / / / / /
/ _
B3u"an;phfafn/(jic"' y / / y
Q^u tdu ^ i a sau
t)udi tdu phfa sau
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Thai gian (s) Hinh 6. Tinh todn thai gian gian cdch bdng phuong phdp diiu khiin tirang ddi (truang hgp cdi tiin) Ngudn: Tomonori Shibata, Koichirou Shida, Hideji Fujikawa and Shinichi Yamada, "Development of
signaling safety system for realizing high density and high speed train operation "
Phuong phap kh6ng che t6c dp tuong d6i dugc cai tien nay cho phep doan tau phia sau co thi di vao ga khi xac nhan dugc doan tau phia truoc dang roi ga. Do do riit ngin dugc gian each chay tau va van dam bao kh6ng xay ra va cham giira cac tau.
III. KET LUAN
Phuong phap kh6ng che tuyet doi kh6ng cho phep doan tau phia sau vao ciing 1 duang ga voi doan tau phia truoc cho den khi doan tau phia truoc chay dugc mpt quang duong bang tuong duong voi tong cac gian each an toan va chieu dai ciia ca 2 doan tau. Voi phuang phap nay, co truang hgp du6i cua doan tau phia truoc van chiem dung duong ga nhung thuc te la doan tau dang roi ga vi the co mpt khoang each kh6ng can thiet giua 2 doan tau.
De loai bo sir khong can thiet nay, phuong phap kh6ng che t6c dp tuong d6i dugc cai tien, cho phep doan tau phia sau co the di vao ga khi xac nhan dugc doan tau phia truoc dang roi ga.
Do do rut ngin dugc gian each chay tau. Cu the la nit ngan dugc 6 giay tir 92 giay xu6ng 86 giay. Noi each khac, phuang phap kh6ng che t6c dp tuong doi co the cho phep chay tau voi mat dp 42 doan tau/gio so voi 39 tau/gia nlu ling dung phuong phap kh6ng che tuyet d6i. Dieu nay se thirc sir co y nghTa doi voi cae tuyen duong sat nhe tai cac d6 thj co mat dp chay tau Ion.
T^i lifu tham khao
[1]. E.Toyoda, "Making Railways Appealing in the fiiture", Journal of SIC& vol.32, no.7, July 1993, pp.531-537.
[2]. Y.Hasegawa, " Future Train Control System", Journal of SICE, vol.32, no.7, July 1993, pp.538.
[3]. Tomonori Shibata, Koichirou Shida, Hideji Fujikawa and Shin-ichi Yamada, "Development of signaling safety system for realizing high density and high speed train operation", 0-7803-3026-9195
$4.00 0 1995 IEEE.
[4]. TS Nguyin Duy Viet - Trinh Vdn My: "Tinh toan va mo phong gian each chay tau cho duong sSt do thj", tap chi Khoa hoc GTVT s6 32-11/2010*
Tap chi KHOA HOC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 33 - 03/2011
