• Ky niem 45 ndm Ngdy giai phdng miin Nam, thd'ng nhal ddt nudc (30/4/1975 - 30/4/2020) 1
CONG TAC VAN DONG
NGU^Cn VIET NAM <3 N U 6 c NGOAI CUA DANG TRONG SlTNGHIEPDAU TRANH GIAI PHONG MIEN NAM,
THONG NHAT DAT NU^6C (1954 - 1975)
PGS, T S . TRAN THI VUI<*'
Tom tat: Trong cudc khdng chien chdng My, cuu nudc (1954 -1975), nhdm phdt huy sue mgnh cua todn ddn tpc, Ddng khdng ngitng tdng cudng khdi dodn ket ddn tdc vdi nhihig kieu bdo Viet Nam d nudc ngodi. Thdi ky ndy, ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngodi sinh sdng rdi rac d nhieu nudc v&i dieu kien kinh te, chinh tri, xd hpi khde nhau. Do vgy, cdng tdc van ddng ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngodi cua Ddng mang tinh dgc thii, khac vdi van dong cdc ddi tupng khac, nhung mi^c tieu chung, diem tucmg ddng Idn nhdt Id hudng den: gidi phdng mien Nam, thdng nhdt ddt nudc.
Tir khoa: gidi phdng mien Nam; thdng nhdt ddt nudc; ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngodi
D
oan ket la tmyen thong quy bau ciia dan tdc Viet Nam dupe phat huy manh me trong sudt qua trinh dau tranh dung nudc va giir nudc. K I thira va phat huy tmygn thong dd, Dang va Chu tich Hd Chi Minh ludn coi trpng va khdng ngirng md rdng khdi dai doan kgt toan dan tdc, doan kgt ddng bao trong nudc vdi kilu bao d nudc ngoai, nhim phat huy siic manh tdng hop ciia mgi giai cap, tang Idp trong cdng cudc xay dung va bao ve Td qudc.'•'Hoc vi?n Chinh tri qu6c gia H6 Chi Minh Hho,?? nnc Gtmm m - So 3/2020
Trong cuge khang chien chdng My, ciiu nudc (1954 -1975), nham phat huy sire manh eua toan dan tde. Dang khdng ngirng tang cudng khdi doan kit dan tdc vdi nhirng kieu bao d nudc ngoai de giai phdng mien Nam, thdng nhit dit nudc. Nam 1956, trong Ldi chuc mieng ndm mdi, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh chi ro: "Dilu chu chdt la dong bao trong nudc va kieu bao ngoai nudc can phai doan ket hon nua trong Mat tran To qudc Viet Nam, Cling nhau ra sire cung cd mien Bac ve mpi mat, vi miln B i e la nin tang luc lugng cua nhan dan ta. Miln Bac vung manh thi che do Viet Nam Dan chii Cdng hda viing manh.
' Ky niem 45 ndm Ngdy gidi phdng mien Nam, thd'ng nhdt dd't nudc (30/4/1975 - 30/4/2020) ddng bao mien Nam cd cho dua virng manh
trong cupc dau tranh chdng dg qudc My va be Iii tay sai cua chiing""'.
Nhan thijc ro vai trd cua cdng tac van ddng ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai trong su nghiep khang chien chdng My, ciiu nudc, gianh ddc lap dan tgc, ngay 23/11/1959, Thu tudng Chinh phu da ban hanh Nghi dinh sd 416/ND-TTg thanh lap Ban Viet kigu Trung uong. Ban Viet kieu Trung uong la dau mdi de td chiic, phdi hgp, van ddng kieu bao dau tranh eho hda bmh, thdng nhat dat nude, xay dung cac phong trao Viet kieu yeu nudc. Nhigu thanh vien cua phong trao sinh vign phan ehign da trd thanh ndng cdt eua phong trao Viet kieu yeu nudc d Phap va mdt sd nudc, nhu My, Bi, Canada, Tnmg Qudc, Lao, Campuehia, Thai Lan..., cd quan he chat che vdi trong nude.
Tren co sd dd, hinh thanh nhieu nhdm cdt can va phong trao Viet kieu yeu nudc van dgng kieu bao img hg su nghiep dau tranh giai phdng dan tgc ciia nhan dan Viet Nam.
Trong nhiing nam 1954 - 1975, cac td chiic Viet kieu yeu nudc d Phap tang cudng van ddng kieu bao day manh cac hoat dgng ngoai giao nhan dan, tich cue giiip dd va phdi hpp vdi cae eo quan dai dien ngoai giao ciia 'V^et Nam tign hanh van dgng nhan dan va chinh gidi cac nudc, kg ca nhan dan My, hmh thanh mat tran nhan dan tien bd trgn the gidi img hd Viet Nam, dau tranh chdng My, gianh dgc lap dan tdc, thdng nhat dat nudc. Kigu bao d Phap, nhigu nam hen tuc da het long phuc vu, giiip dd cac nha ngoai giao Viet Nam dau tranh tren ban dam phan tai Hdi nghi Paris ve cham diit ehign tranh, lap lai hda binh d Viet Nam.
Bgn canh cdng tac van ddng kieu bao iing hd khang chien. Dang va Nha nudc cdn rat coi trgng nhiem vu bao ve Igi ich chinh dang cua kigu bao, dam bao cudc sdng binh thudng khi hdi huong.
Ngay 23/10/1959, Hgi dong Chmh phu da hpp va ra nghi quygt ve viec ddn tiep Viet kieu a Thdi Lan, Tdn Ddo, Tdn Thi Gidi ve nudc. Nghi quyet nhan manh, van de ddn tiep Viet kieu, dac biet la van de tao viec lam, dn dinh cupc sdng cho kigu bao ed y nghia quan trgng.
Thdi ky 1954 - 1975, do hoan canh lich sii, nen ngudi \1gt Nam d nudc ngoai sinh sdng rai rac d nhigu nudc vdi nhiing dieu kien kinh te, chinh tri, xa hgi khac nhau. Do vay, cdng tac van dgng ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai mang tmh dac thu, khac vdi van ddng hoac quan ly cac ddi tugng khac. Phuong thiie van ddng ngudi Viet Nam d nuac ngoai thdi ky nay gan liin vdi yeu cau cua cuge khang chien chdng My, cim nudc, ciing vdi qua trinh hinh thanh, phat triln va gin kit cua cdng ddng tai dia ban timg nudc, thuc diy su lign ket chat che vdi su nghiep dau tranh eua nhan dan ygu chuong hda binh, vi dgc lap, tu do va tien bg xa hgi.
Nghien cim cdng tac van ddng ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai thdi ky nay ciia Dang, tap trung vao nhimg dac diem sau:
Thu nhdt, ly tudng, hinh dnh cua chu nghia xd hpi hien thuc vd muc tieu dpc lap, thong nhdt cua ddt nudc Id ca sd cho cdng tdc van dong ngudi Viet Nam d nuac ngodi vd Id dpng luc de kieu bdo hudng ve To quoc
Ngay tir khi mdi ra ddi. Dang Cdng san Viet Nam da xac dinh, dpc lap dan tdc gin Hen chii nghia xa hdi la muc tieu diu tranh eiia Dang va cua toan the dan tgc Viet Nam. D i u tranh giai phdng dan tpc, thdng nhit dit nudc la muc deu tmdc mit, la tiln d l de tiln len xay dung ehii nghia xa hdi. Chii nghTa xa hdi la muc tieu lau dai, la dich hudng den eua su nghiep dau tranh chdng chu nghia thuc dan, d l qudc. Ddc lap dan tgc va chu nghia xa hgi la spi chi dd xuyen suit tiln trinh each mang Viet Nam.
Sau khi Hiep dinh Geneve dugc ky ket (thang 7/1954), hda binh dupe lap lai. Tuy nhien, Viet Nam bi chia cit thanh hai miln Nam - ' B i c . Nhiem vu trgng tam ciia cdng tac ddi vdi ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai la van dgng kilu bao tham gia cdng cudc xay dung miln Bic, dau tranh giai phdng miln Nam, thdng nhit dit nude. Ngay sau khi Hiep dinh Geneve dugc ky kit, cung vdi ddng bao trong nudc, kieu bao Viet Nam d nude ngoai tich cue tham gia cac phong trao dau tranh ddi thi hanh nghiem Hiep dinh Khoa hoc chinh th - S d 3/2020
' Ky niem 45 nam Ngdy giai phdng mien Nam, thd'ng nhdt ddt nUdc (30/4/1975 - 30/4/2020) 9 dudi cac hinh thiic, nhu mit - tmh, lay chii ky,
van dgng nhan dan va du luan sd tai, chong dan ap nhirng ngudi khang chiln... Nhieu tri thire va kilu bao da tinh nguyen hdi huong, dem kiln thiic va tai san gdp phin xay dung que hucmg va diu tranh thdng nhat dat nudc.
Ngay 10/01/1960, Chii tich Hd Chi Minh da xudng tan cang Hai Phdng de ddn chuygn tau diu tien dua nhung ngudi con xa xii trd ve Dat Me. Dieu nay thg hien tinh cam va su tran trpng cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh, Dang va Chinh phu ddi vdi nhirng ngudi Viet sdng xa qug huang trd ve Td qudc. Hiu het Viet kieu deu dang ky ve nudc Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng hda, tiic mi6n Bic, khdng ai dang ky ve mien Nam. Tir nam I960 den nam 1964, mign Bae ddn 42 chuyen tau'^^' cap cang, vdi khoang 45.000 Viet kieu hdi huong'^*. Ngay 05/8/1964, dg qudc My gay ra su kien vjnh Bac Bd, lay cd dg nem bom mign Bae. Viec hdi huong Viet kieu Thai Lan phai dinh chi. Trudc tinh hinh do, theo su chi dao ciia Tdng hdi Viet kieu, tat ea ba eon tign hanh khdi phuc cudc sdng.
Thu hai, doi tupng cua cupc van dpng ngu&i Viet Nam dnu&c ngodi gdm nhieu thdnh phdn, tai cdc dia bdn co dieu kien chinh tri, xa hpi khac nhau
Tir rat lau trong lich sir da cd ngudi Viet Nam ra nudc ngoai sinh sdng. Sau Chiln tranh the gidi thii nhat va thii hai, mdt sd ngudi Viet Nam di du hpc, lam cdng chiic tai Phap, hoae bi dpng vien di linh, di phu tai mdt so thugc dia ciia Phap.
Trong thdi ky chien tranh, cd thgm mgt sd ngudi ra di lanh nan, kiem sdng, theo chdng hdi hucmg, hoac di tu nghiep, du hgc d nudc ngoai.
Tuy nhien, tmdc nam 1975, sd lupng ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai khdng nhieu, khoang 16-20 van ngudi d 10 nudc, nhung phan ddng cd tu tudng smh song tam thai, chd khi cd dilu kien thuan Igi thi trd vl nudc''*'. Tai Phap, trong nhiing nam khang chien chdng My, ciiu nudc (1954 - 1975), cd khoang 20 nghin ngudi Viet sinh sdng, trong do cd 03 nghin sinh vien, 03 nghin tri thiic, 02 nghm cdng nhan'^'. Tai My va Australia, din trudc nam 1975, cd khoang
vai nghin ngudi Viet Nam. Ngoai ra, ngudi Viet Nam cdn sinh sdng rai rac d mdt sd nudc chau Au va Bac My.
Sau khi Chinh phii Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hda va Chinh phit Phap ky hiep dinh hoi huong Viet kilu (ngay 4/6/1960), Chinh phii da cii dng Vii Hoang - Phd Vu trudng Vu Lanh su, Bp Ngoai giao lam phai vien Chinh phu, sang Tan T h i Gidi va Tan Dao d l ciing chinh quygn sd tai thi hanh hiep dinh; ddng thdi, tuyen truygn, van dgng va td chiic ba con trd vg nudc. 0 Tan The Gidi, 93% kilu bao dang ky hdi huong vg mign Bac, tao nen anh hudng chinh tri Idn ddi vdi kieu bao cdn d lai va nhan dan dia phuong.
Trong thdi gian d Tan Thg Giai va Tan Dao, Doan phai vign Chinh phii thudng xuygn tham hdi, tuygn tmyen va giao due kieu bao tang cudng doan kgt, tucmg trg lln nhau, tich cue san xuat va tigt kiem, danh vdn vg Td qudc lam an, nang cao tinh than yeu nudc, canh giac vdi mpi hoat ddng pha hoai eiia dich; tang cudng quan he tdt vdi nhan dan nudc sd tai.
Khi Chinh phii Phap dan phuang tam hoan viec hdi huang, Doan da van ddng kigu bao lay chii ky phan ddi thai dp ciia Chinh phii Phap, vigt thu giri Tdng Cdng hdi Phap, Hgi Hdng thap tu Phap yeu cau Chinh phii Phap phai tra ldi, giai quyet. Mat khac, Doan chuyen hudng hoat ddng, di vao cung ed cac td chiic qu3n chiing, nam chat luc luong tmng kign, dac biet chii trgng luc lupng thanh nign. Dimg mgi hinh thuc rdng rai va hpp phap de tuyen tmygn, giao due va td chiic quan chiing tham gia cac hdi, nhu hdi thi thao, hdi van nghe, td dpc bao, td thanh toan nan mil ehii... Ddi vdi thanh thigu nign, td chiic cac budi cam trai, day hgc hat, van ddng khdng xem phim anh va ca kich lang man, van dgng td chiic nhii-ng budi ll ddt sach, bao phan ddng, van dgng phong trao khdng ndi pha tieng Phap, kilu bao sii dung tilng Viet de giao tilp, ehi ndi tilng Phap khi giao dich vdi ngudi Phap.
Tuy thanh phin xuit than va quan he gia dinh khac nhau, nguyen nhan ra nudc ngoai J - S o 3/2020
10 ' Ky niem 45 ndm Ngdy gidi phdng mien Nam, thd'ng nhdt ddt nudc (30/4/1975 - 30/4/2020) sinh sdng cung khac nhau, nhung so ddng kieu
bao tich cue tham gia cac phong trao Viet kilu ygu nudc, ludn hudng ve Td qudc, hudng vl mien Bac, ve Mat tran Dan tgc giai phdng mien Nam Viet Nam, thiet tha iing hd cudc khang ehign chdng My, ciiu nudc ciia dan tde Viet Nam vdi nhigu hmh thiic, miic do khac nhau.
Thu ba, cupc van dpng ngu&i Viet Nam d nudc ngodi Id qud trinh van dung cdc hinh thuc linh hogt, sdng tao, phit hap v&i hodn cdnh tung dia bdn cu the
Sau ehign thang Dien Bien Phii, Hiep dinh Geneve dupe ky ket, cdng tac van ddng ngudi Viet Nam d nude ngoai tap trung vao viec van dpng ddng bao tham gia cac phong trao dau tranh ddi thi hanh nghiem Hiep dinh, tign tdi tdng tuyen cir, thdng nhat dat nudc.
Tai Phap va nhigu nudc khac, kieu bao tham gia mit tinh, lay chii ky van ddng nhan dan va du luan sd tai ddi che dp My - Diem thi hanh Hiep dinh, chdng dan ap nhiing ngudi khang ehign. Nhieu tri thiic kigu bao chuan bi hdi huong dem kien thiic va tai san tich liiy duac ve gdp phan xay dung dat nudc.
Tai Thai Lan, do thay ddi chinh phii, ttr nam 1950, ba con kigu bao bi dat trong digu kien hoat ddng rat khd khan, nhat la sau khi Phai vien Chinh phii Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hda phai rdi khdi Thai Lan. Kieu bao khdng cdn ca quan ehinh thiie thay mat Nha nudc dg bao ve minh. Td chiic Viet kieu ciiu qudc phai nit vao bi mat. Hdi Viet kieu ciiu te, hinh thiic td chiic hgp phap ciia Viet kigu ciing khdng dugc phep hoat ddng. Tir sau nam 1954 den nam 1972, Viet kigu phai ddi phd vdi hang chuc dot 0 ep, bit bd, khimg bd va true xuat. Tuy nhien, kigu bao van nhiet tinh img hd each mang bang nhieu hinh thiic khac nhau.
Nhiem vu trpng tam cua cdng tac van ddng ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai thdi ky nay la van ddng kieu bao img hd ca ve vat chat va tinh than cho cudc khang chien. Ciing vdi quan va dan ca nude, kieu bao Heh cue tham gia img hd cupc khang chien, van ddng nhan dan thg gidi, tao thanh phong trao phan chiln manh me, gdp phan
thuc day dg qudc My xudng thang, ngoi vao ban dam phan.
Trong nhiing nam 1970 - 1971, khi phong trao chdng My, cuu nudc phat trien thanh cao trao, kieu bao khip noi da chung vai, sat canh vdi ddng bao trong nude. Thdi dd, khdng ai khdng bilt din phong trao "nd hoa khang chien chdng My" cua kieu bao Thai Lan. Viet kilu d Thai Lan tieh cue phat ddng phong trao "Nam gao nudi quan", "Nd hoa diet My", "Nudi quan diet My" va "Diing sy Khe Sanh". Miie dich eiia nhung phong trao nay la tiet kiem, quyen gdp tien giii ve que huang phuc vu cudc khang chien cua dan tgc. Vdi hinh thiic da dang "Nam gao nudi quan", ba con bdt mdi biia mpt nam gao vao hu gao tigt kiem, sau dd, gdp chung ban lay tien giri vg nudc. Phong trao nhanh chdng da lan rdng khap cac tinh viing Ddng Bac Thai Lan, nai sinh sdng ehu yeu cua Viet kieu.
Ket qua ndi bat cua ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai thdi ky nay la da tich cue ddng vien kigu bao day manh cac boat ddng ngoai giao nhan dan, giiip dd va phdi hpp vdi cae eo quan dai dien ngoai giao de tiln hanh van dgng nhan dan va ehinh gidi cac nudc, ke ca nhan dan My, hinh thanh mat tran nhan dan tiln bg trgn thi gidi ling hd Viet Nam diu tranh gianh dgc lap dan tdc, thdng nhit dat nudc. Kilu bao d Phap trong nhigu nam hen tuc, da tan tuy ngay dgm phuc vu, giup &a cac nha ngoai giao Viet Nam diu tranh tren ban dam phan tai Hgi nghi Paris ve chim dut chiln tranh, lap lai hda binh d Viet Nam.
Thic tu, ben cgnh to chuc qudn chung cong khai, he thong td chuc vgn dpng ngu&i Viet Nam tai cdc nuac luon dupe gitt bi mat gin lien v&i viec xdy dtmg cdc to chuc nong cot, xdy dung cot cdn, hinh thdnh phong trdo Vie't kieu yeu nu&c
Tai hai nudc lang gilng Lao va Campuehia, cung la thugc dia ciia thuc dan Phap, do Dang Cong san Ddng Duong lanh dao, ngn phong trao Viet kieu yeu nudc nim trong he thong td chiic each m p g chung do Dang chi dao. Phong trao Viet kieu d day phat triln manh va rdng khip Khoa hpc chinh trj - So 3/2020
• Ky niem 45 ndm Ngdy gidi phdng mien Nam, thd'ng nhdt ddt nudc (30/4/1975 - 30/4/2020) 11 trong nhirng nam 1950 - 1960, cd td chiic hdi
tren toan qudc va cac dia phuang. Din nhiing nam 1970, phong trao Viet kilu hiu nhu tan ra.
Tai Lao, khdng cd hpi ngudi Viet toan qudc, kilu bao tap hgp theo timg hgi dia phucmg: Hgi ngudi Viet Nam thanh phd Vientian, Hpi ngudi Viet Nam d Xavanakhet, Pakse...
Phap la nudc phuang Tay dau tien cd ddng ngudi Viet cu tni, cung la noi cac nha each mang tiln bdi dimg chan de van ddng, xay dung ca sd. Mac du tinh hinh chinh tri - xa hpi het siie phiic tap, nhung cac td chiie yeu nudc eiia kieu bao tai Phap da ed su laiih dao, chi dao xuygn sudt (thdng qua Dai sii quan tai Phap, ed thdi gian dupe Doan dam phan nudc Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng hda, true tiep la ddng chi cd vin Le Diic Thp va Bd tmdng Ngoai giao Xuan Thiiy chi dao). Su lanh dao va chi dao nay cd vai trd quyit dinh ddi vdi nhiing thanh tim cua phong trao yeu nudc cua Viet kigu d Phap. Tu nam 1960 den nam 1975, Ban Can su Dang tai Phap da duoc thanh lap va lanh dao cdng tac Viet kieu.
Trir phong trao d Phap va Thai Lan, hau hgt phong trao Viet kigu ygu nudc d cac nudc diu bat ngudn tir nhiing hoat ddng dau tranh ung hp cudc khang chien chdng My, cim nudc, gianh ddc lap dan tdc cua hpc sinh, sinh vien. Tai Bi, mdt sd sinh vien du hpc da tap hop trong nhiing nhdm dau tranh, ung hd khang chiln. 6 Diic, sau tac dgng eua cudc Tdng tign cdng va ndi day Mau Than nam 1968 va phong trao diu tranh cua hpc sinh, sinh vien mien Nam, mgt sd sinh vien Viet kilu d Diic da lap ra mdt td chiic lay tgn la "Hdn Kem", la ndng cdt cua phong trao Viet kigu gdm 37 nhdm vien, do Le Van Tilu phu traeh<*'. 6 Tay Berlin cung thanh lap Hdi Doan kit sinh vign Vmi kilu. Tii nam 1968, mdt sd sinh vign Viet kilu d Canada tap hgp nhau, ra bao The he; nam 1970, lap Hdi Viet kilu, ra bao Tien phong. Sau nhilu lin dai hgi, nam 1974, hdi ddi ten la Hdi Doan kit Viet kieu tai Canada.
Trong phong trao chdng chiln tranh xam lupc cua d l qudc My, du hpc sinh Viet Nam
tai My da tich cue tham gia diu tranh. Nam 1968, mdt sd ngudi da chilm Tda Lanh sir Viet Nam Cdng hda tai New York, Tdng Lanh su Viet Nam Cdng hda tai San Francisco. Su hy sinh anh diing cua Nguyen Thai Binh da thiie diy phong trao Viet kilu tai My. Thang 7/1972, Hdi Lien hiep Viet kilu tai My dupe thanh lap, vdi 24 hgi vien sang lap, trong dd cd 22 sinh vign, dng Nguyln Van Liiy la Chii tich hdi*''.
Dau nhung nam 70 eua thi ky XX, do phong trao chdng chien tranh tac ddng, sd sinh vien Viet Nam du hpc tai Nhat Ban da to chiic nhilu cudc mit tinh, bieu tinh chdng de qudc My, ung hd Mat tran Giai phdng miln Nam Viet Nam, bat chap viec ehinh quygn Sai Gdn ngan cam, o ep cat hpc bdng va cat sd chuyen ngan. Ngay 30/4/1975, hpc sinh, sinh vien da td chiic chilm Sii quan Viet Nam Cdng hda, canh sat Nhat Ban bat giir 30 ngudi. Nhan su kien nay, td chiic Viet kieu yeu nudc da thanh lap Ban Lien lac lam thdi hoc sinh, sinh vign va kilu bao, ra ldi kgu ggi thanh ISp Tdng hgi ngudi Viet Nam tai Nhat Ban hudng ve Td qudc. Ngay 21/12/1975, Tdng hdi ngudi Viet Nam tai Nhat Ban dupe thanh lap vdi Ban Chap hanh gdm 15 thanh vien, hau het thudc nhdm ndng cdt.
Tir ngi bd cdng ddng ngudi Viet Nam d nude ngoai, da xuit hien cac phong trao Viet kilu yeu nudc trong nhirng hoan canh va dieu kien khac nhau, tieu bigu d mgt sd nudc: My, Canada, Tay Due, Bi, Anh...
Dac diim ciia mdi phong trao la hinh thanh td chirc Viet kigu yeu nudc, vdi nhieu ten gpi khac nhau, nhung cimg chung tdn chi, muc dich la doan kit cdng ddng, van ddng va td chiic ddng dao Viet kieu tham gia nhirng boat ddng yeu nudc, iing hd khang ehign. Cac phong trao Viet kilu ygu nudc tai mdt so nudc phuong Tay diu dat dudi su lanh dao cua Dang, thdng qua hinh thiic td chiic trong mdt phong trao, mdt nhdm ndng cdt vdi ten khac nhau: "Nhdm Viet ngii" d Phap, "Nhdm tam giao" d Bi, "Nhdm ndng cdt" d Canada...
Hinh thanh tir nhiing nam nudc mit, nha tan, lai them than phan xa xir, sdng giii, d nhd, KpcvA nnc dm\h yu - So 3/2020
12' Ky niem 45 ndm Ngdy gidi phdng mien Nam, thd'ng nhdt ddt nUdc (30/4/1975 - 30/4/2020) cdng ddng ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai la
manh dat tdt de tmygn ba tu tudng yeu nudc, gay dung co sd each mang. Phong trao Viet kieu yeu nudc tai Thai Lan dupe td ehiic rit chat che, dudi su chi dao ciia cac cap bd Dang nen da tap hgp, huy ddng dupe Viet kigu dii mpi Ilia tudi, ting lap tham gia. Hp sin sang cho con em tham gia cae hoat ddng img hg each mang trong nudc hoac true tigp vg nude tham gia khang chien va tinh nguyen giup dd each mang Lao, Campuehia'^'.
Viec tap hgp va doan ket ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai dugc tien hanh thdng qua nhieu loai hinh hoat ddng phii hgp vdi cac ddi tupng va dia ban khac nhau, trgn ca sd tu nguyen va phu hgp vdi phap luat va phong tiic tap quan nudc sd tai. Phat trign rdng rai phong trao phai di ddi vdi viec xay dung va bdi dudng ca nhan va td chiie hoat ddng tich cue, phat huy duoc vai trd van ddng, ldi cuon, doan ket trong phong trao.
Thuc tign da chimg minh, mudn cdng tac van ddng ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai dugc lau ben, viing chac va rdng rai, cin thuc hien hai bien phap van ddng va xay dung, phat trien ndng cdt ddng thdi vdi viec ludn ddi mdi, da dang cac hinh thirc van ddng. Day la hai bien phap cd quan he mat thigt, gan bd bien chiing vdi nhau bao dam giiia chieu rdng va chigu sau, giua dien va diem. Chii trgng xay dung, phat trign cac ca nhan, td chiic ndng cdt, coi dd la chd dua, la cdt Ioi ciia phong trao. Tren CO sd do, hinh thanh nhieu hinh thiic td chirc da dang, linh boat, tir thap den cao, tir hep den rdng, tir van hda nghe thuat, thg due the thao den kinh te, khoa hgc - ky thuat, ciing nhieu td chiic nam, phu, lao, iu... thich hpp vdi cac ddi tuang khac nhau, ten gpi khac nhau.
Kinh nghiem thuc tien cho thay, nai nao cd nhieu ea nhan hoac td chirc ndng cdt vung chic thi phong trao dupe dam bao viing chac, it dao ddng va phan hda hon khi gap khd khan thir thach. Nhung noi khdng cd hoac cd nhung thieu ndng cdt thi cd nhigu nguy co mit doan kit, dl phan hda, tan ra ban. Bdi vay, viec bdi dudng, xay dyng va phat trien
ndng cot cin dugc tiln hanh thudng xuygn, lien tuc, dudi nhilu hinh thiic khac nhau. Trong tinh hmh mdi, cin khic phuc tu tudng huu khuynh trong cdng dong, cho ring; nhirng gin bd ndng cdt vdi phong trao va vdi trong nudc cd thi lam ton hai den hoat ddng be rdng. Mat khac, c ^ khic phuc quan niem ehi cin xay dung, bdi dudng ndng cdt la dii, ma khdng quan tam ddn viec dpng vien, khuygn khich cac hinh thiic van ddng phong phu, da dang.
Thuc tiln cho thiy, ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai da gdp phan khdng nhd vao viec xay dung khdi dai doan ket toan dan tgc, nhan Ign siic manh chinh nghia eiia nhan dan Viet Nam trong sir nghiep giai phdng dan tgc, thdng nhat dat nude. Kigu bao da true tigp dau tranh chdng cac hanh dpng xam luoc cua de qudc My va tay sai tai dia ban ncri ddng bao sinh sdng. Ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai cdn lam cau ndi hiiu nghi giua nhan dan Viet Nam vdi nhan dan cac nudc, tranh thii su ung hd eiia cae nudc va ban be tren the gidi ddi vdi cudc khang chien chdng My, cuu nudc. Vi vay, cdng ddng ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai cd vai trd to Idn trong viec xay dung khdi dai doan kit toan dan tdc, nhan Ign siic manh chinh nghia cua nhan dan ta trudc sire manh phi nghTa ciia de qudc My va tay sai trong cudc diu tranh lau dai, gdp phin phat huy siic manh dan tdc vdi siic manh thdi dai, thiic day su nghiep giai phdng dan tde, thong nhit dit nudc di din thing loi cuoi ciing.
Hien nay, cd khoang 4,5 trieu ngudi Viet Nam sinh sdng d nudc ngoai. Thyc hien chu tmong cua Dang "ngudi Viet Nam d nude ngoai la bp phan khdng tach rdi va la mot ngudn luc cua cdng ddng dan tdc Viet Nam"i^>
cac CO quan dai dien ngoai giao ciia Vigt Nam d nudc ngoai tich cue phdi hgp vdi cac td chiic Dang d ngoai nudc phat dpng cac phong trao Viet kieu ygu nudc hudng vl que huong
Trong nhiing nam gin day, binh quan mdi nam cd khoang 300 lupt hi thiic kilu bao v l nudc hop tac, nghign cim khoa hpc, giang day Trong bdi canh kmh tl thi gidi khd khan, nhilu kilu bao d My, Phap, Dire, dac biet la d cac nudc Khoa hoc chinh tri - So 3/2020
' Ky niem 45 ndm Ngdy giii phdng mien Nam, thdng nhdt ddt nUdc (30/4/1975 - 30/4/2020) 13
Dong bdo xudng du&ng mimg Ngdy gidi phdng mien Nam, thong nhdt ddt nu&c (Anh tu lieu)
Ddng Au chpn giai phap vg Viet Nam dau tu, kinh doanh; nhigu du an hieu qua, quy md Idn.
Thong ke nam 2013, toan qudc ed khoang 3.600 doanh nghiep la ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai, vdi so von dau tu khoang 8,6 ty USD''"'. Kieu hdi giri ve nudc tang trung binh 10-15%/namvabinh quan dat 10 ty USD/nam, chiem gin 7,^ GDP, dua Vet Nam trd thanh mdt trong sd 10 qudc gia nhan kigu hdi nhieu nhat; ddng gdp quan trpng vao viec dn dinh can can thanh toan va gdp phan thiic diy kinh te dat nudc phat trien.
Su nghiep ddi mdi dat nudc ddi hdi phai phat huy siic manh toan dan tdc, trong do ed cdng ddng ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai nham dua Viet Nam thoat khdi tinh trang mdt nudc ngheo, tign tdi xay dung nudc ta ca ban trd thanh nudc cdng nghiep theo hudng hien dai.
Nghign ciru mdt each he thdng cudc van ddng ngudi Viet Nam d nudc ngoai trong khang chien chdng My, ciiu nudc se gdp phan tang cudng khdi dai doan kit toan dan tgc, dap iing ygu cau cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nudc va hdi nhap qudc t | Q
•'• " " " - - ' - ' - ' - - " - S o 3/2020
I'l H6 Chi Minh Todn tap, 1.10, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, HaNoi,2011,tr.234
<-' 39 chuyin tir Thai Lan va 03 chuyen tir Tan Dao, Tan Thi gidi. Nam My
i^> Daog Cong san Viet Nam, Vdn lain Ddng todn tap, t.25, Nxb Chinh tri q u i c gia. Ha Noi, 2002, tr.l '"' Nguyln Phu Binh, Cong tdc van dong ngir&i Viet Nam a nudc ngodi vd nhihig bdi hoc thuc te. Tap chi Cpng san, s i 2 (1/2005), tr.44
<=i Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Vdn Icien Ddng todn tap, t.3\,Sdd,tr.356
K'l Uy ban Trung uong Mat tran Td quoc Viet Nam, Bien nien su laen lich su Mat trdn ddn tpc thong nhdt Viet Nam, t 2 , (1954-1975), Nxb Chinh tri quic gia, HaNoi,2004,tr.790
P) vi (S) g g Ngoai giao, Uy ban ve nguai Viet Nam a nudc ngoai: D I tai nghien cuu khoa hoc cap Bo: Cong tdc van dong nguai Viet Nam 6- nudc ngodi - Thuc tien vd mot so ca sa ly ludn, Nghiem thu nam 2003, tr.54 va 53
''' Dang Cpng san Viet Nam, Vdn kien Ddng todn tap, t63,5^rf,tr.281
'•"» Theo: Bao cao tfing kit 10 nam thuc hien Nghi quyet s6 36-NQ/TW ciia Bp Chinh tri v l cong tdc doi v&i ngudi Viet Nam d nu&c ngodi (Tai lieu imi tai Uy ban Nha nudc v l ngudi Viet Nam 6 nudc ngoai. Bo Ngoai giao)
