Anh hu'dng cua hanh vi cong dan to chiJc den hieu qua thu'c hien cong viec cua nhan vien
tai cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam
PHAN THI THANH HIEN"
Tom tat
Vdi muc tieu xdc dinh cdc yeu td trong OCB (Organizational citizenship behavior) tam dich Id
"Hdnh vi cong ddn td chdc" cd dnh hudng nhu the ndo den hiiu qud thuc hi$n cdng viec cua nhdn vien, tdc gid dd tien hdnh xdy dUng md hinh nghiin cdu dua trin ca sd cdc nghien cdu irudc day vdi bay bien doc lap bao gom: Su gidp dd, Su cao thuang. Long trung thdnh, Su tan tdm, Su khdi xudng, Phdm hanh cong ddn, Tuphdt triin bdn thdn. Vdi kit qud cua nghiin cdu, ba thdnh td: Phdm hanh, Su tan tdm vd Tu phdt trien bdn thdn duac hap nhdt lai thdnh mot nhdn id vdi ten "Si/ tan tdm vdi cdng viec vd td chdc"se co dnh hudng di'n hieu qua thuc hien cdng viec cua nhdn vien tai cdc doanh nghiep Viet Nam.
TU khoa: hdnh vi cong ddn td chdc, hieu qud thuc hien cdng viec cua nhdn vien, vai trd cda hdnh VI cdng ddn to chdc
Summary
With the goal of identifying how the elements of organizational citizenship behavior affect task performance, the author conducts a research model based on previous studies wilh seven independent variables: Helping, Sportmanship. Loyalty, Conscientiousness, Initiative, Virtue, Self-development Three elements including Virtue, Conscientiousness and Self-development are merged into only one variable named "Conscientiousness to job and organization ", which make impact on the performance of employees in Vietname.'ie enterprises.
Keywords: organizational citizenship behavior, performance of employees, the role of organizational citizenship behavior
O
Gldl THIEU Ddng Nam Bd (Binh Difdng, Binh Phu-de va Dong Nai) va Tay Nam Bp (Can Thd. Long An, Bd'n Tre, VTnh Theo Organ va ctg (2006), OCB du'dc Long).
hieu Ik hanh vi hoan toan tif nguyen cua Ke't qua cua nghidn ciJu se la cd sd de du'a ra mot ngifdi lao dpng, cd tac ddng tich cu'c dd'n so'kie'n nghi cho cac doanh nghiep Viet trong vide xay hieu qua hoat ddng chung cua td chifc. difng van hda ifng xu' vdi nhiJng OCB phij hdp, nham Van de dat ra la nd'u xet trdn phu'dng dam bao hidu qua hoat ddng cua doanh nghidp ndi dien ca nhan ngu'di lao ddng, ne'u ho chung va viec Ihifc bien cdng viec cua ngu'di lao ddng danh thdi gian cua minh vao viec giup ndi neng.
dd ngifdi khdc, quan tam tdi cac boat
ddng ngoai cdng vide thi hieu qua thifc CO sO LY THUYET VA PHU'DNG PHAP hien cua hp cd thay d6i hay khdng? Va NGHIEN CLfU
thay doi theo chieu hifdng nao? De lam
rd van de nay, nghien ciJu tap trung phan Casdly thuyet vd khung phdn tich
tich tac ddng cua OCB de'n hieu qua thifc Trong nghidn cifu nay, tac gia ke' thifa vii xay du'ng hidn cdng viec cua nhan vidn tai cac mo hinh OCB bao gdm 7 thanh to' difdc di xua'l trong doanh nghidp Viet Nam d cac tinh ihupc eudn •'Organizational Citizenship Behavior: In Nature,
""nS. Tri/ang D • .ioc SiJ pham Ky lluwt TP Ho Chi/^inli Erntiii M-npn': h-nini. . au v Ngay nhiin bar 22/01/2017. Ngay phdn bien 17/03/2017. Ngiiv duyei dang: 20/03/2017
EMUomy and FOICL.ISI Review 5 3
HiNH: MO HINH NOHIEri Cfla D E X O A T Sy giilp d o (SGD)
Sir cao thirgmg (SCT) Long trung thinh (LTT)
S^iMintam(Sl 1) Su khcri xudng (SKX)
Ph5m hgnh (PH) Ti^ phdt triSn ban than (TPTBT)
Hi^u qua thyc hiSn c6ng viSc
BAMG 1: KET QUA PHAN TICH CRONBACH'S ALPHA
K ^ ^ g ^ ^
Sifgiiipda Sif cao thu'dng Long trung thanh Sif tgn tam Sirkhdixifdng Pham hanh Tif phdt trien ban than Hi6u qua thifc hien conE viec
BiS'n quan sat SGD 1, SGD 2. SGD3, SGD 4
SCTl. SCT2, SCT3, SCT4 LTT1,LTT2, LTr4 STT2, STT3, STT4 SKXl. SKX2. SKX3, SKX4
PHI.PH2,PH3,PH4 TPTL TPT2, TPT3, TPT4
HCV1,HCV3,HCV4
Cronbach's Alpha 869 .778 .618 .754 .810 .853 .785 .847 Ngu.
Antecedents, and Consequences" cua Organ va ctg.
(2006):
Su giup dd: con di/dc nhieu hpc gia dat ten la "Su"
tan linh" (Altruism) du'dc hieu la hanh vi san sang giiip dd nhiJng dong nghiep khi ho gap khd khan trong cdng viec d to ehtJc, ye'u id' nay da difde de xua't va kiem dinh bdi mdt so'cac hpc gia: Bateman va ctg. (1983);
Smith va ctg. (1983); Podsakoff va ctg. (1990); Van Dyne va elg. (1994); Moorman va ctg. (1995).
Su cao thuang: la nhiJng hanh vi cua ngifdi lao dpng lidn quan dd'n vide chap nhan, khdng phan nan td ehiJc VI nhiing ihiJ nhd nhat. Yd'u to' nay du'dc xay dmig trong cac nghien cihi cua Podsakoff va elg. (1990);
Podsakoffva ctg. (1994).
Long trung thdnh: cd hpe gia dat ten thanh id nay la "Sif nhSn bie't vdi cdng ty" - du'dc hieu la vide nhan vien ludn mud'n difdc lam vide tai td chiJe, cd'gSnglam cho uy tin cua td chtfc ngay mdt Idn hdn, day la ye'u td' da difdc difa ra trong nghien eiJu cua Van Dyne va elg, (1994): Moorman va ctg. (1995).
5M' tdn tdm: la hanh vi ludn tuan thtj vifdt mu'c quy dinh cija id chifc ve gid giac lam viec, cac nhidm vu phai tham gia. cac quy dinh. Sif tan lam du'dc de difa ra nghien ciJu bdi Bateman va ctg. (1983); Podsakoff va elg. (1990); Farb va ctg. (1997).
Su khdi xudng: la nhifng hanh vi du'a ra nhffng y tu'dng va ddng gdp ve sif cai tid'n, phat trien nham nang cao hieu qua hoat ddng cung nhif thtic day nhiJng cii nhan khac difa ra y lu'dng. Ye'u to' nay du'dc du'a ra bdt boc gia Moorman va ctg. (i 995).
Phdm hanh: la nhiJng hanh vi lien quan de'n viec tham gia mdt each ed iraeh nhidm va cd tinh than xay dung dd'i \ di moi boat dpng cua td ehifc. Ye'u td nay du'dc de xua'l trong nghien ciJu ciia Podsakoff va ctg. (1990);
Podsakoff va ctg. (1994),
Tuphdt trien ban thdn: la hanh vi tif minh chfi ddng tim ra cic cdch thifc, phiTdng pMp nham nSng cao kie'n thifc, ky nSng ciia ban thSn trong cdng vide. Yeu to n^y difcfc difa ra bed Organ v^ ctg. (2006).
CambeU va ctg., (1990) dtfa ra hidu qud thyc hidn cdng vide la miJe dd th&nh thao ciia c^c c& nhan khi thi/c hidn cdc ndi dung hay ky diuSt cdt loi ciaa nhSng nhidm vu trong pham vi cdng vide cifia minh.
Dura trdn cd sd ket qua cua nhiftig nghidn cifu tru'dc diy, tac gid du'a ra md hinh nghidn ciJu de xud't nhtf Hinh.
Phdongphdp nghidn cdu
Nghien culi dtfdc tid'n hdnh khao sat vdi 210 ngtfdi lao ddng dang lam vide trong cdc doanh nghidp trong cdc tinh thudc 3 tinh Ddng Nam Bd (Binh Dtfdng, Binh Phtfdc va Dong Nai) vd 4 tinh Tdy Nam bd (Cin Thd, Long An, Bd'n Tre, VTnh Long). Thdi gian nghien ciJu tiJf thdng 03/2016 dd'n thdng 10/2016. So phid'u phdt ra va thu ve la 210, trong dd ed 26 phieu khdng hdp le. Dt? lidu thu thdp dtfdc xuf 1^ thdng qua phIn mem SPSS. Vdi thang do Likert 7 mtfc dp ttf 1 - "Cu'c k j khdng ddng tinh" dd'n 7 - "Cifc ky dong tinh" (bdi viet sddung cdch vie't sdthdp phdn iheo chudn qudc ti').
KET QUA NGHIEN CLfU VA THAO LUAN
Phdn tich dQ tin c$y Cronbach's Alpha Vdi kd't qua Cronbach's Alpha, cd 03 bid'n quan sal bi loai khoi thang do bao gdm; LTT3, STTl, HCV2 do ttfdng quan vdi bid'n tdng nhd hdn 0.3 (Bang 1).
Phdn tich nhdn to'khdm phd Phan tich nhan td' kham pha dtfdc thifc hien Ian Itfdt vdi cac bid'n doe Idp va bie'n phu ihupc bdng phtfdng phap Principal Component Analysis va phep quy Varimax, ke't qua:
Ddi vdi thang do bie'n doc lap:
Vdi gia tri KMO = 0.871 va' p = 0.000
< 0.05 eho tha'y dtf lieu ihich hdp de phan tieh nhan to. Cac bie'n quan sal: SKXl SKX2, SKX3, SKX4, SCT3, SCT4, LTTl, TPT4 bi loai ra khoi thang do vdi ly do: cac bie'n nay eung liic giai thich cho hdn 1 nhdn td'.
18 thang dodtfde giiJ lai dtfdc phan thanh 4 nhan id' vdi gia iri Eigenvalues tich my la 66.583%.
Nhdn tdi: dtfdc giai thich bdi eac bid'n quan sat: PHI, PH2, PH3 PH4 STT2 STT3. STT4. TPTl, TPT2, TPT?". Co thi
54
ihCy, nhdn id 1 Id stf tdng hdp cua cac ' thang do ciia cac bie'n: Pham hanh, Stf tan tam vd Ttf phdt hi^n bdn thdn. Nhan id tdng hdp ndy dtfde d§t tdn mdi Id: Su tan tdm vdi cong viic vd tdchdc, the hien stf tan tdm trong cdng vide eua nhdn vidn, kip thdi trong vide nam bat thdng tin cua td chdc cung ntai nhUng thay doi mdi trong nghi nghidp (Bang 2),
Nhdn td 2: Stf giup &d, bao gom eac bidnquan sdt SGDl, SGD2, SGD3, SGD4.
Nhdn id 3: Stf cao thtfdng, bao gdm cac bie'n quan sat SCTl, SCT2.
Nhdn td4: Long trung thanh, bao gdm cac bid'n quan sat LTT2, LTT4.
Ddi vdi thang do bii'n phu thudc:
He sdKMO = 0.724, p = 0,000 < 0.05, ba bid'n quan sat HCVl, HCV3, HCV4 difdc xd'p thanh 1 nhan to' duy nha't vdi gia tri Eigen tich lOy: 76.8%.
Ke't qud phdn tich md hinh hoi quy Kd'l qua bang 3 cho tha'y gia thuye't H^; p^ = Pi = P, = p^ = p^ = 0 (md hinh khong CO y nghTa) bi bac bd. NghTa la ed mdi quan he giiJa 04 yd'u to Stf tan tam vdi cdng vide va td chtfc, Stf giup dd, Stf cao thtfdng, Long trung thanh vdi Hieu qua thtfc hidn cdng viec cua nhan vidn
Kd'l qua kiem dinh md hinh hdi quy cho tha'y, he so R- hieu chinh dat gia in 0,433, dieu nay cd nghTa la eac bid'n doe lap giai thich difdc 43.3% stf thay ddi ctia bie'n phu thude (Bang 4),
DtJa vao kd't qua kiem dinh eac hd so' cua md binh hdi quy, cbi cd "Stf tdn tam vdi cdng vide va id ehtfc" lac ddng cd y nghTa de'n hieu qua ihtfc hidn cdng vide cua nhan vien vdi hd so' beta = 0,633, (Sig. = .000). Cac nhan td'cdn lai trong md hinh bao gdm: Stf gitip dd, Stf cao thtfdng va Long trung thanh lac ddng klidng cd y nghTa dd'n hieu qua thtfc hien cdng vide ciia nhan vien.
KET LUAN VA KHUYEN NGHI GIAI PHAP
Dtfa vao kd'l qua nghien etfu, co the dtfa ra ke't luan sau
^ Thdnhdt, ve stf hdp nha't ci'ta ba thanh to: Pham hanh cdng dan, Stf tan lam
\_a Ttf phat trie'n ban than. Cd the tha'y rang vide phiin dinh giiJa 03 Ihanh id nay khdng ihtfc stf rach roi. Cac thang do de do Itfdng ba bie'n nay deu co he sd liii cho mdt nhan td duy nhat va deu Idn hdn 0 ? - la mtfc tai nhan to' co y nghTa thifc ndn Tren cd sd nay, tae gia da de xua'l
BANG 2: KET QUA PHAN TICH NHAN TO Bien quan sat
PH2 PH4 STT2 PH3 TPT2 STr3 TPr3 TPTl STr4 PHI SGD2 SGDl SGD3 SGD4 SCTl SCT2 LTT4 LTT2
Nlian to ' W i ^ H 1
.833 .833 .784 .778 .769 .763 .722 .718 623 .588
326 2
.888 .861 824 694
3
.876 .866
.857 .852 BANG 3: KET QUA KIEM DINH Stf PHO HOP CdA MO HINH Mo hinh
1 Hoi quy Phan dif Tong a BiendK SiK iioihiioi
T^ng cac binh phifdng
54 69.'!
71.680 1 26.374
df 4 179 183
Binh phUdng trung binh
13.674 400
F 34.146
Sig 000^
lin: (Hcing \ii) Liingininglhaiih. Sugiiiptio.
V, Tanlcimi'(>icoiii,n'iei vaioi hue b Bien pim ilnioc: Hieiiiiuaihiirhiciici
BANG 4, KET QGA KIEM DINH HOI QOY Mo
hinh 1
R
658-' R Binh phifOng
433 R Binh phifdng
hieu chinh 421)
Sai so'chuan cua u'dc lu'dng ,63281
Durbin- Watson 1 725 a Bie'n di( bdo (Hung wf, Longinmgihoiih Siigiii/ido.
Siicaoihiiong, Taiiltimvou oiigviccvalochuc b Bii'n phu lliiioc Hienqiiciilnichwiitv
ten mdi cho thanh td' nay la "Stf tan liim vdi cdng viec va id chtfc" Cd the tha'y tren ihtfe le'rang, mpt nhan vidn ludn cd trach nhiem vii imh than xay difng vao tie'n trinh boat dpng cua td ehtfc (cd dtfdc pham hanh) thi ban than bo se ludn tuan thii vifdt mtfc quy dmh cua td chtfc ve gid giac iilm vide, cae nhiem vu phai tham gia (co dtfdc stf tan tam),
Thd hai, tren ihife le', neu mpl ca nhan cd stf tan lam \di cdng MCC va id ehtfc bo se co nhtfng de xua't nham cat thien de niing cao hidu qua hoat ddng eiia ddi nhdm, td chtfc (stf khdi xtfdng), Nhtfng phai hidn nay phil hdp vdt nhan dinh ciia Organ vii ctg, l20(l6i cli) lii can cd Ihdm cac nghien ctfu dd xac dinh chinh xac ca'u Irtic cua OCB.
Vdi 4 bid'n ddc lap dtfa vao nghien ctfu hdi quy. chi CO bie'n "Stf tan lam vdi cdng viec va id chtfc" tac ddng cd y nghTa de'n hieu qua Ihtfc hien cdng viec ciia nhan vien vdi he sd 6 = 0,633.
55
Ke't qua nay cho thay, neu cac td chtfc muo'n tao l§p mpt mdi trtfdng lam viec tot thdng qua xay dtfng OCB thi dieu trtfde hdt phai quan tSm dd la Stf tan tam vdi eong vide va td chiJc. Vi thanh td^ nay khdng chi anh htfdng dd'n hieu qua boat dpng cua td chd'c ma cdn try'c tiep tao ra hieu qua thtfc hien cdng vide cao cho nhSn vidn vdi hd sd ttfdng quan da chu£n hda la 0.633.
Dd'i vdi 03 nhan td con lai: Stf gidp dd, Stf eao thtfdng va Long trung th^nh t^c ddng khong cd y nghia dd'n hidu qua thtfc hidn cdng vide cua ahkn vien.
Nhtf vay, cd the kd't luan r^ng, nd'u ngtfdi lao ddng cd dtfdc stf tan tam vdi cdng viec va td ehiJc thi khdng nhiJng hp gian tie'p giup hieu qua cua td chtfc tang Idn ma ban than hidu qua thtfc hien eong viec cua hp eung se tang. Ngoai ra, vide hp gidp dd ddng nghidp tai ndi lam vide, cao thtfdng (khdng phan n^n td chtfc vi nhiing thtf nhd nhat) va trung thanh vdi doanh nghiep se gidn tid'p giup hidu qua to chtfc tang Idn va khdng he phtfdng hai gi de'n hidu qua thtfc hien cong vide cua ca nhan hp.
Kd't qua nghien ctfu cho th3'y, 03 nhan to': Pham hanh, Stf tan tam va Ttf phai trien ban than dtfdc hdp nha't lai thanh mdt nhan td'vdi tdn "Stf tan tam vdi cdng vide va id chtfc" se cd dnh htfdng dd'n hidu qua thtfc bien cdng vide cua nhan vidn. Tae gia dtfa ra mdt so' bam y cho eac nha quan tri, dd la:
Mot Id, cac doanh nghidp ndn tEip trung vao viee x3y dtfng van hda dng xtf Irong doanh nghidp, IS'y OCB lam nen tang. Vide nay se cd lac dung nang eao hidu
qua hoat dong cua td chtfc va hidu qua thtfc hien cdng vide ci3a nhSn vien.
Hai'ld, trong qud tnnh tuyen dung, doanh nghidp nen xay dtfng cac tieu chi, cdng cu dinh gid hffu hidu t | p trung vao thai dd cua dsg vien, nhtf: thtfc stf yeu thich va nhidt'thanh vdi cdng viec; cd y thtfc ttf gidc thtfc hien nhOng quy dinh cung nhtf quan tSm tdi nhitog stf thay ddi cua td chtfc; y thd'c dtfdc vai tro va ttf hpc tip nang cao trinh dp, phat tri^n ban than de ng^y cang hoan thien hdn vd kie'n thtfc, ky nSng va thai dp ein thid't cho cdng vide.
Ba Id, cdc chtfdng tiinh dao tao ben trong doanh nghiep phai dam bao dtfdc ndi dung dao tao thdi dd, hanh vi song song vdi dao tao ky nang trong cdng vide. Qua nghidn ctfu nay, c6 the ndi rang, vide Itfa chpn mdt cd nhan cd kinh nghidm ihdi ehtfa du, doanh nghidp ndn chpn nhffng cd nhan cd trinh dd, cd vi tri quan ly va mtfc Itfdng cao. Viec nay se hd trd cho nhtfng nhan vien mdi khdng nhffng ve kid'n thtfc, ky nang chuyen mdn ma con nhffng OCB td't. Vdi stf kdm cdp eua nhifng ca nhan dd, nhan vidn mdi se hoc tap dtfde nhffng OCB va cdch thtfc lam vide hidu qua ttf hp.Q
TAI LIEU THAMKHAO _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
1. Bateman, T. S., & Organ, D. W (1983). Job satisfaction and the good sodier: The relationship betvi'een affect and employee "citizenship". Academy of Management Journal, 26, 587-595
2. Cambell, J. P., MeHenry, J. J,, & Wise, L. L (1990). Analyses of criterion measures: The modeling of performance. Personnel Psychology, 43, 313-343
3. Farh, J. L,, Barley, P. C , & Lin, S, C. (1997J. Impetus for action: A cutural analysis of justice and organizational citizenship behavior in Chinese society. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42{3), 421-444
4. Moorman, R. H., & Blakely, G. L. (1995). Individualism-collectivism as an individual difference predictor of organizational eilizensbip behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16(2),127-142
5. Organ D, W„ Podsakoff, P.M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (2006). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Nature. Antecedents, and Consequences, Los Angeles: Sage Pubbcations, Inc
6 Podsakoff, P. M , & MacKenzie, S. B. (1994). Impact of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational performance: a review and suggestions for future sesearch. Human Performance, 10(2), 133-151
7, Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors, Lefl<^e/-i7i/> QH(//-re/-/y, 1, 107-142
8, Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W„ & Near, J. P. (1983). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68, 653-663
9 Van Dyne. L., & LePine, T. A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity. Academy of Management Journal. 41(1), 108-1 19
10. Van Dyne, L., Graham, L W , & Dienesch, R. M. (1994), Organizational citizenship behavior. Construct redefinition, measurement and validation. Academy of management Journal 37. 765-802
