NGHI QUYit XI CClA D A N G VA THI/C T I I N CUOC SONG
VAI TRO DONG LUfC TINH THAN CHO PHAT TRIEN BEN VUNG CUA CAC GIA TRI VAN HOA TRUYEN THONG
DANG HUU TOAN'*'
Trong cong cuoc doi mdi dat nUdc, Dang Cong san 'Viet Nam dd khang dinh vdn hda noi chung, cdc gid tri vdn hda truyen thong noi rieng Id nin tdng tinh thdn cua xd hgi, Id cdi ldm nen coi cdch, bdn linh Viet Nam. Vdi ti£ cdch do, vdn hoa Viet Nam ndi chung, giQ gin vd phdt huy cdc gid tri vdn hda truyen thd'ng Viet Nam noi rieng dd trd thdnh muc tieu phdt trien vd hc/n the nUa, con trd thdnh dgng liCc tinh thdn, thdnh nguon lUc ngi sinh khong the thieu de phdt trien kinh te xa hot bin viCng. Lugn gidi quan diem do cua Ddng Cong sdn Viet Nam,
trong bdi viet ndy, tdc gid dd chi ra vd phdn tich vai trb ddng liCc cho phdt trien bin vi/ng cua cdc gid tri vdn hoa truyin thd'ng Viet Nam trong bd'i cdnh todn cdu hda, giao liCu vdn hda vd hgi nhdp kinh te quoc te.
h a n loai da thUc sU bu6c vao t h a p nien thii hai cua the ky XXI ma khong mot quoc gia, dan toe nao co the p h a t trien ben viing ma lai ton tai CO lap, tach biet vcti the gidi. Bdi le, ngay nay, toan cau hoa, giao lUu van hoa va hgi n h a p k i n h te quoc te da thUc sU trcl t h a n h xu the khach quan, t a t yeu va dang tac dong m a n h me den moi mat cua ddi song xa hoi, den mgi quoc gia, dan toe. Do vay, de p h a t trien va hdn niia, de co sU p h a t trien ben viing - phat trien khong chi vi hom nay, ma con vi cac the he mai sau, p h a t trien vi muc tieu n h a n van, vi gia tri n h a n dao, vi con ngUdi vdi cugc song dich thiic ciia con ngUdi, khong mgt quo'c gia, dan toe nao khong phai tinh den nhiing cd hoi va thach thiic do xu the nay dat ra.
N&m bat cd hgi, vUdt qua thach thiic do
toan cau hoa, giao lUu van hoa va hoi n h a p kinh te quo'c te dat r a da trd t h a n h van de co y nghia quyet dinh do'i vdi cac quo'c gia, dan toe trong thdi dai ngay nay, nha't la cac quo'c gia dang phat trien nhU Viet Nam chiing ta. Do ciing la moi quan t a m h a n g dau cua gidi nghien ciiu ly luan cac nU6c va tren thiic te, khi di tim ldi giai cho van de nay, da co nhiing quan diem, quan niem khac nhau, t h a m chi ddi lap nhau, ve phUdng thirc p h a t trien, ve dong lUc cho mot sU p h a t trien ben viing. Song, mot quan diem thd'ng nhat, dUdc nhieu hgc gia nUctc ta va the gidi thira n h a n d6 la quan diem lay sU p h a t trien van hoa lam nen t a n g tinh than, lay viec
(*) Pho giao sU, tien si, Pho Tong bien tap Tap chi Triet hoc.
DANG HUU TOAN
giii gin va p h a t h u y cac gia tri van hoa truyen thd'ng lam dgng liic tinh t h a n quan trong cho p h a t trien ben viing.
T h a t vay, trong thdi dai ngay nay, van hda ndi chung, cac gia tri van hda truyen thd'ng noi rieng da dUdc thiia n h a n la nen t a n g tinh t h a n cua xa hgi, la cai lam nen cot each, ban linh cho mdi quo'c gia, moi cong dong dan tgc.
Vdi tu each do, van hda noi chung, giii gin va phat huy cac gia tri van hda truyen thong noi rieng da trd t h a n h muc tieu p h a t trien va hdn the niia, cdn trd t h a n h dong lUc tinh t h a n , t h a n h nguon lUc noi sinh khdng the thie'u cho sU phat trien kinh te xa hgi ben viing.
P h a t trien kinh te thi trUdng dinh hudng xa hgi chii nghia, day m a n h cdng nghiep hoa theo hudng hien dai, vi muc tieu dan giau, nUdc manh, dan chu, cdng bang, van minh phai hUdng tdi sU phat trien xa hoi ben viing, p h a t trien con ngUdi toan dien chif khdng phai ta't ca chi vi sU tang trUdng kinh te, gia t a n g ddi sd'ng vat chat. P h a t trien da't nU6c theo dinh hUdng dd phai la qua trinh phat trien mgt each hai hda kinh te vdi van hoa, xa hgi, lay con ngUdi lam t r u n g tam, ta't ca vi con ngUdi, do chinh nhiing con ngUdi biet giii gin va p h a t huy ban sac van hoa dan toe, cac gia tri van hda truyen thd'ng, ludn hUdng tdi he gia tri chan thien my thiic hien. De phUdng thirc phat trien nay trd t h a n h hien thUc, dUdng ldi p h a t trien nay di den t h i n g ldi, moi chiing ta va ca cong dong dan toe phai cd y chi kien cUdng, nang lUc sang tao, biet tU lUc, tU cUdng vUdn len vdi nang lUc iioi sinh cua chinh minh,
vdi b a n linh va cd't each v a n hda ciia dan tgc minh. Trong xu t h e toan cau hda, trong sii mci rgng hdp tac kinh te, day m a n h giao lUu v a n hda, chu dgng va tich ciic hdi n h a p vdi t h e gidi va k h u viic de cung n h a u p h a t trien va hdn niia, de p h a t trien n h a n h , cd hieu qua va ben viing, n e u khdng diia t r e n cd sd phat huy n a n g liic ngi sinh ciia van hda, lay viec giii gin va p h a t h u y cac gia tri van hda lam ddng liic t i n h t h a n thi chiing ta khd cd the sii d u n g mdt each hieu qua cac nguon liic tii ben ngoai, bien cac nguon liic dd trd t h a n h silc m a n h cua chinh minh va n h a n len sire m a n h ay cho mgt sii p h a t trien ben viing. Do vay, cd the ndi, trong bd'i c a n h toan cau hoa, giao liiu van hda va hgi n h a p kinh te quo'c te hien nay, vi tri nen t a n g tinh t h a n cua xa hgi cua v a n hda, vai tro dgng liic t i n h t h a n ciia viec giii gin va p h a t huy cac gia tri v a n hda truyen thdng cho sii p h a t t r i e n ben viing cang the hien r a mgt each rd r a n g hdn bao gid het va dd la dieu khdng t h e bac bd.
Vdi Viet N a m chiing ta, dieu khdng the bac bd n a y ludn t h e hien r a rd rang hdn b a t ccf ndi dau. Bdi le, trong lich sii h a n g n g a n n a m diing nUdc va giii nUdc, nhiing t i n h hoa, gia tri v a n hda ciia cdng dong cac d a n tgc Viet N a m da dUdc h i n h t h a n h va trd t h a n h truyen thdng dd la "long yeu niidc nong nan, y chi tli cUdng d a n tgc, t i n h t h a n doan ket, y thiic cdng dong g i n k e t ca n h a n gia dinh lang xa To quo'c; ldng n h a n ai k h o a n dung, t r g n g n g h i a tinh, dao ly, diic t i n h can cu, s a n g tao trong lao ddng; sii t i n h te t r o n g iing xii, t i n h gian
di trong ldi s6'ng"(l). Trong h a n g ngan n a m lich sii, nhiing gia tri van hda truyen thd'ng nay da cd' ket, lien ket nhiing ngUdi dan nUdc Viet t h a n h mgt cong ddng d a n tgc thd'ng nha't, dinh hudng va dieu tiet hg trong mgi hoat dgng sdng va lao dgng, trong bao ve, xay diing va p h a t trien da't nUdc. Ngay nay, trong cdng cugc ddi mdi da't nUdc, nhiing gia tri v a n hda t r u y e n thd'ng nay van cdn nguyen siic sd'ng va hdn niia, con dang dUdc chiing t a r a site giii gin va p h a t huy cao do vdi tU each la nen tang tinh t h a n , dgng liic tinh t h a n de phat trien kinh te xa hgi ben viing va tao nen b a n sac v a n hda dan tgc Viet Nam trong qua t r i n h t h a m gia vao xu hudng toan cau hda, giao lUu van hda va hgi n h a p k i n h te quoc te.
Vdi n h a n thifc ngay cang rd va sau sac hdn ve vai trd cua van hda, ciia cac gia tri van hda t r u y e n thd'ng trong phat trien ben viing trong cdng cugc ddi mdi da't nUdc, D a n g ta ludn n h a n m a n h van hda ndi chung, cac gia tri van hda truyen thd'ng ndi rieng la nen t a n g tinh t h a n cua xa hgi, la cai the hien t a m cao va chieu sau ve t r i n h do p h a t trien ciia mgt dan tgc, la sU ket t i n h nhiing gia tri td't dep nha't trong q u a n he giiia con ngUdi vdi cdn ngUdi, vdi xa hgi va thien nhien. Va, khi coi nen van hda Viet Nam ndi chung, cac gia tri van hda truyen thd'ng ciia dan tgc Viet Nam ndi rieng la cai da, d a n g va se cdn tiep tuc h u n diic nen t a m hon, k h i phach va ban linh con ngUdi Viet N a m hdm nay, la mgt trong nhiing nguon ndi sinh, dong lUc tinh t h a n q u a n trgng nha't cho sii
p h a t trien ben viing cua da't nUdc tren con dUdng xay dUng chu nghia xa hgi, Dang ta da k h a n g dinh mgt each nha't quan rang, ''cham lo van hda la cham lo cimg cd' nen t a n g tinh t h a n cua xa hgi.
Thie'u n e n t a n g t i n h t h a n tien bg va lanh manh, khdng quan t a m giai quyet td't mdi quan he giiia p h a t trien kinh te vdi tien bg va cdng bang xa hoi thi khdng the cd sii p h a t trien kinh te xa hgi ben viing" Xay diing va p h a t trien kinh te thi trUdng dinh hUdng xa hgi chii nghia khdng the khdng n h i m muc tieu van hda, vi xa hoi cdng bang, dan chu, van minh, vi con ngUdi p h a t trien toan dien. 'V^an hda la ket qua cua kinh te dong thdi la ddng liic ciia sU phat trien kinh te*', do vay, "cac n h a n to' van hda phai gan ket chat che vdi ddi sd'ng va boat dong xa hgi t r e n mgi phUdng dien chinh tri, kinh te, xa hgi, phap luat, ky cUdng..." va n h a t la, phai "bien t h a n h ngudn liic noi sinh quan trgng nha't ciia p h a t trien"(2). Tong ket 25 nam ddi mdi da't nUdc, tai Dai hgi XI, khi thdng qua Chien liidc phdt trien kinh te - xd hoi 2011 2020, Dang ta da k h a n g dinh quan diem "phdt trien nhanh gdn lien vdi phdt trien ben viidng, phdt trien ben viing Id yeu cdu xuyen sudi trong Chien liidc" va n h a n manh, de thiic hien chien lUdc p h a t trien nay, chiing ta can phai "phat trien toan dien, ddng bg cac linh viic van hda va phat huy nhiing gia tri tdt dep cua dan tgc,
(1) Dang Cong san Viet Nam. Van kien Hoi nghi lan thii ndm Ban Chdp hdnh Trung Mng khoa VUI. Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi, 1998, tr.56.
(2) Dang Cong san "Viet Nam. Sdd., tr.55.
DANG HUU TOAN
viia tie'p t h u nhiing t i n h hoa v a n hda n h a n loai, xii ly td't mdi q u a n he giiia kinh te va v a n hda de van hda thiic sii la nen t a n g t i n h t h a n cua xa hgi, la mdt dgng liic p h a t trien kinh te xa hdi va hgi n h a p quoc te"(3).
That vay, trong thdi dai ngay nay, khi toan cau hda, giao lUu van hda va hgi nhap kinh te quo'c te da trd t h a n h xu the khach quan, ta't ye'u, khi each mang khoa hgc va cdng nghe dang dien r a vdi td'c do vii bao va nhiing t h a n h tiiu cua nd dang tao nhiing bUdc tien nhay vgt cho n h a n loai tren nhieu linh viic kinh te xa hoi, khi kinh te tri thifc dang ddng mot vai trd ngay cang noi bat trong qua trinh p h a t trien lUc lUdng san xua't, de viia t r a n h nguy cd t u t h a u xa hdn so vdi cac nUdc trong k h u viic va tren the gidi, viia t r a n h "nguy cd t h a hda" trd t h a n h "cai bdng md" cua nUdc khac, dan toe khac trong p h a t trien va de cd dieu kien chii ddng, tich cUc hgi n h a p kinh te quo'c te va md rdng giao lUu van hda vdi the gidi, chiing ta khdng cd con dUdng nao khac ngoai con dUdng p h a t trien kinh te thi trUdng dinh hUdng xa hgi chii nghia, day m a n h cdng nghiep hda theo hudng hien dai va gan lien vdi p h a t trien kinh te tri thifc t r e n cd sd p h a t trien nen van hda Viet N a m tien tien, dam da ban sac dan tdc, tie'p tuc doi mdi va ddi mdi hdn niia, n a n g cao va n a n g cao hdn niia trinh do van hda giao due va khoa hoc - cdng nghe.
Day m a n h cdng nghiep hda theo hudng hien dai, gan vdi p h a t trien k i n h te tri thifc va xay diing nen kinh te ddc lap, tli chu, du sifc hdi n h a p k h u viic va
qud'e te' t r o n g dieu kien cua mdt nUdc d a n g t r o n g q u a t r i n h thiic hien phUdng thifc p h a t t r i e n "riit n g i n " t h i trUdc tien, chiing t a p h a i c h a m lo, day manh p h a t t r i e n k i n h te, gia t a n g td'c do tang trUdng k i n h te. Dd la dieu khdng the bac bd. Song, chiing t a se k h d n g the cd dUdc sii p h a t t r i e n dd, sii t a n g trUdng k i n h te dd va hdn niia, se khdng the cd dUdc sU p h a t t r i e n va t a n g trUdng kinh te ben viing n e u p h a t t r i e n va t a n g trUdng k i n h te k h d n g g i n lien vdi phat trien v a n hda, giii gin va p h a t huy ban s i c v a n hda d a n tdc, cac gia tri van hda t r u y e n thd'ng. Bdi le, k i n h te khdng the tli minh p h a t trien va t a n g trUdng ne'u thie'u n e n t a n g t i n h t h a n la v a n hda; van hda khdng phai la san p h a m t h u dgng, san p h a m tii n h i e n cua k i n h te va ciing khdng la "sii t h a n g hoa" ciia kinh te, ma la cdi nguon ciia sii p h a t trien va tang trUcing kinh te, la ddng lUc t i n h than, la nguon liic ndi sinh cho p h a t trien va t a n g trUdng k i n h te ben viing.
Thiic tien ciia 25 n a m ddi mdi dat nUdc da cho chiing t a t h a y rd, di vao k i n h te t h i trUdng dinh h u d n g xa hoi chii nghia va p h a t t r i e n d a t nUdc tren cd sd day m a n h cdng nghiep hda theo hudng hien dai, gan vdi p h a t t r i e n kinh te tri thifc, nhiing t h a n h tiiu r a t dang tli hao ma chiing t a da d a t dUdc trong p h a t t r i e n va t a n g trUcing k i n h te khdng chi la do cac n g u y e n n h a n p h a t trien k i n h te t h u a n tiiy tao ra, ma cdn do nhieu n h a n to k h a c niia, trong dd
(3) Dang Cong san Viet Nam. Vdn kien Dai hgi dai bieu todn quoc lan thii XI. Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc gia, H a N o i , 2011, tr.98,126.
khdng the thie'u van hda, t h a m chi cdn cd the ndi, p h a t t r i e n van hda la mot trong nhiing dgng lUc q u a n trgng nhat.
Thiic tien nay cdn cho thay, chiing ta da diing khi n h a n m a n h sii can thie't phai c6 n h a n thifc diing ve vi tri nen tang, vai trd ddng lUc cua v a n hda trong p h a t trien, phai vUdt len t r e n each tie'p can kinh te hgc t h u a n tiiy va tim r a cac phUdng thiic hiiu hieu cd t h e cd de cho
"tinh cdng nghiep va t i n h sang tao cd the gan bd, mdc nd'i vdi nhau", de cho
"kinh te cd the b i t re trong van hda"
Nen van hda Viet N a m ndi chung, cac gia tri van hda t r u y e n thd'ng cua dan tgc Viet N a m ndi rieng t h a n h qua hang ngan n a m lao dgng sang tao, da'u t r a n h kien cUdng diing nUdc va giii nUdc ciia cdng dong cac dan tgc Viet Nam, ket qua ciia sii giao lUu va tie'p thu tinh hoa ciia nhieu nen van hda, van minh n h a n loai da khdng chi lam nen t r a n g sii ve v a n g ciia dan tgc ta, ma cdn h u n diic nen t a m hon, khi phach, ban linh ciia mdi ngUdi Viet Nam chiing ta va do vay, nd da thUc sU tao diing nen nen t a n g t i n h t h a n viing c h i c cho xa hgi ta trong thdi dai ngay nay. Vdi tU each dd va vdi k h a n a n g hdi tu, ket hdp hai hda n h a n thifc, hieu biet, kinh nghiem va ca sii khdn ngoan, kheo leo cua mdi con ngUdi trong cdng dong dan tgc, nen van hda Viet N a m ndi chung, cac gia tri van hda t r u y e n thd'ng cua dan tgc Viet N a m ndi rieng da khdng chi trd t h a n h cai dinh hUdng, ma cdn trd t h a n h cd sd, nen t a n g tinh t h a n khdng the thie'u cho viec lUa chgn va xac dinh mdt md h i n h diing d i n , hdp ly
cho sii p h a t trien kinh te xa hdi ben viing. Do vay, cd t h e ndi, chiing ta da hoan toan diing khi lay viec xay diing va p h a t trien van hda Viet Nam tien tien, dam da b a n sac van hda dan tgc vdi nhiing dac trUng cd b a n la dan tgc, hien dai va n h a n van lam cd sd nen t a n g de lUa chgn md h i n h kinh te thi trUdng dinh hUdng xa hdi chu nghia md hinh ma thiic tien cua 25 n a m doi mdi da cho thay rd sii thich hdp vdi phUdng thifc p h a t trien "riit ngan", lay p h a t trien n h a n h gan lien vdi phat trien ben viing, coi p h a t trien ben viing la chien lUdc.
Van hda la cai the hien trinh do
"dUdc vun trdng" ciia con ngUdi, ciia xa hgi "vun trong" the gidi ngi t a m cua mdi con ngUdi, cua ca cong dong dan tgc, mang lai cho con ngUdi sU phat trien hai hda, toan dien, phong phii ve tri lUc, t a m hon, tinh cam, dao diic va ldi song, hudng con ngUdi tdi cai diing, cai td't, cai dep. Vdi t u each nay, van hda ngay cang the hien rd la yeu to' ngi sinh lam cho chat lUdng con ngUdi ngay mgt hoan thien, k h a n a n g hoat dgng sang tao cua con ngUdi ngay mgt n a n g cao, phUdng thcfc iing xii giiia ngUdi vdi ngUdi ngay mgt cao dep. Den lUdt minh, viec n a n g cao chat lUdng con ngUdi, ciia ca cdng dong dan tgc khdng chi lam bien doi sii dinh hudng nhiing gia tri vat chat cua van hda dan tdc va n h a n loai, hudng viec sii dung toan bd tiem n a n g to Idn ciia chiing cho nhiing muc dich tdt dep ciia con ngUdi, ma cdn giiip cho con ngUdi cd dUdc sU n h a n thiic diing dan ve gia tri va y nghia Idn lao
DANG HUU TOAN
cua phUdng thifc hoat ddng sd'ng dac t h u phUdng thifc "nhao n a n vat chat theo quy luat cua cai dep", nhU C.Mac vi dai da ndi, va qua dd, giiip cho con ngUdi cd dUdc phUdng thiic k h a i thac va sU dung hdp ly, cd hieu qua nguon tai nguyen thien nhien da dang va phong phii vi mot mdi trUdng sd'ng trong lanh, vi muc tieu p h a t trien kinh te xa hdi ben viing, n h a n dao, n h a n van.
Theo dd, cd the ndi, chiing ta da hoan toan diing k h i xac dinh mgi hoat ddng van hda khdng chi hUdng den viec thiic day p h a t trien k i n h te xa hgi ben viing, ma cdn la, n h a t la phai hudng den xay diing con ngUdi Viet N a m p h a t trien toan dien, trd t h a n h n h a n td' thiic day con ngUdi tU hoan thien n h a n each, phat huy tinh t h a n yeu nUdc, truyen thd'ng each mang, y chi tii lUc tU cUdng, xay diing va bad ve To qud'c(4). R i n g , chiing ta cang diing hdn khi n h a n m a n h chu trUdng tie'p tuc p h a t trien sau rdng va n a n g cao chat lUdng n e n van hda Viet Nam tien tien, dam da ban s i c dan tdc, gan ket chat che va dong bg hdn vdi phat trien kinh te xa hdi, lam cho van hda t h a m sau vao mgi linh viic cua ddi sdng xa hgi, gdp p h a n dac lUc vao viec xay dUng va hoan thien gia tri, n h a n each con ngUdi Viet Nam, dac biet la ly tUdng sd'ng, ldi sd'ng, n a n g lUc tri tue, dao difc va ban linh van hda con ngUdi Viet Nam trong thdi ky day m a n h cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda va hoi n h a p kinh te quo'c te'(5); lay viec "phat trien toan dien cac linh vUc v a n hda, xa hdi hai hda vdi p h a t t r i e n k i n h te^' lam cai dam bao viing c h i c cho sU p h a t trien k m h te xa hdi n h a n h va ben viing(6).
Khi ke thiia va p h a t h u y nhiing gia tri t r u y e n thd'ng td't dep cua d a n tgc, v a n hda trd t h a n h cai cd k h a n a n g tie'p t h u va cai bien cac ye'u td' ngoai sinh t h a n h cac ye'u td' ndi s i n h cho p h a t trien k i n h te xa hdi ben viing. Bdi le, moi ye'u td' ngoai sinh, nhU vd'n, ky thuat, cdng nghe, k i n h n g h i e m q u a n ly,... chi cd t h e bien t h a n h ddng liic cho sii p h a t trien k i n h te xa hdi k h i chiing dUdc tiep t h u va sU d u n g mdt each p h u hdp vdi dieu kien cu t h e ciia mdi quo'c gia, dan tgc m a t r u n g t a m la con ngUdi vdi t r u y e n thd'ng v a n hda d a n tdc.
Theo dd, cd t h e ndi, chiing t a ciing da diing k h i n h a n d i n h r i n g , p h a t trien k i n h te xa hdi, t a n g trUdng kinh te n h a n h vdi sU t h a m gia n g a y cang nhieu cua cac yeu td' ben ngoai ma tach rdi coi nguon v a n hda d a n tdc, k h d n g diia tren cd sd ke thiia va p h a t h u y cac gia tri v a n hda t r u y e n thd'ng t h i " n h a t dinh se lam vao nguy cd t h a hda'' va khien cho khdng chi tiem n a n g s a n g tao cua dan tdc m i n h bi suy ye'u di r a t nhieu, ma ngay ca v a n hdi cho sii p h a t trien tie'p theo ciing k h d n g cdn. P h a t t r i e n kinh te thi trUdng, hien dai hda d a t nUdc ma xa rdi nhiing gia t r i v a n hda t r u y e n thd'ng se lam m a t b a n s i c d a n tdc, d a n h mat ban t h a n minh, trd t h a n h "cai bdng md"
cua ngUdi khac, cua d a n tdc khac.
(4) Xem: Dang Cong san Viet Nam. Vdn kien Dai hoi dai bieu todn quoc lan thit IX. Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia. Ha Noi, 2001, t r . l l 4 .
(5) Xem: Dang Cong san Viet Nam. Vdn kien Dai hoi dgi bieu todn quoc lan thii X. Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia. Ha Noi, 2006, t r . l 0 6 .
(6) Xem: Dang Cong san Viet Nam. Vdn kien Dai hgi dgi bieu todn quoc lan thii XI. Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc gia. Ha Noi, 2011, tr. 124.
ThUc t i l n ciing cho thay, mgi sii phat trien kinh te, khoa hgc, cdng nghe hay the che xa hdi ma d i n den sU huy hoai nhiing,gia tri van hda truyen thd'ng, lam xau di quan he giiia ngUdi vdi ngUdi, lam d nhiem mdi trUdng sd'ng deu "chi la nhiing t h i n g ldi rdng tuech'', chi mang lai nhiing hiem hga khdn lUdng cho con ngUdi, cho cdng dong dan tgc. P h a t trien kinh te diia qua nhieu vao ngoai lUc ma khdng biet t a n dung ngi lUc van hda, khdng lay viec giii gin va phat huy cac gia tri van hda truyen thd'ng lam dong lUc tinh t h a n thi nha't dinh se khdng cd sU phat trien hai hda giiia kinh te va v a n hda, cang khdng the cd sii phat trien kinh te - xa hdi ben viing.
Trong thdi dai ngay nay thdi dai ciia sii p h a t trien kinh te tri thiic, khi tiem n a n g sang tao cua con ngUdi, ciia cdng ddng dan tgc khdng dUdc khdi day va p h a t huy day dii, triet de thi mdt qud'e gia, dan tdc nao dd, dau cd nguon tai nguyen thien nhien phong phii, cd vd'n nhieu, cd ky t h u a t va cdng nghe hien dai, cd kinh nghiem quan ly tien tien Cling chUa h a n da cd sU p h a t trien kinh te xa hdi n h a n h va ben viing.
Tiem n a n g sang tao nay khdng phai d dau ma chinh la trong van hda, tiem an trong mdi nen v a n hda dan tgc. No la cai chiia diing trong sU hieu biet, trong t a m hon, dao ly, ldi sd'ng, thi hie'u, trinh do t h a m my cua mdi con ngUdi, cua ca cdng dong dan tdc. Do vay, trong bdi canh toan cau hda, giao lUu van hda va hgi n h a p kinh te quo'c te, mgt chinh sach p h a t trien kinh te xa hdi diing dan, cd k h a n a n g dem lai mgt sU phat trien ben viing phai la chinh sach lam
cho cac ye'u to' cau t h a n h nen van hda dan toe t h a m sau vao ta't ca cac linh vUc hoat dgng sang tao cua con ngUdi. Den lUdt minh, dieu nay ddi hdi chiing ta phai xay diing va p h a t trien van hda trong t u duy cua ngUdi hoach dinh dUdng ldi chien lUdc, sach lUdc; van hda trong quan ly, trong boat dong kinh doanh; van hda trong lao dgng, san xua't; van hda trong giao tie'p, ifng xif;
van hda trong sinh boat gia dinh, trong hoat dgng xa hgi; van hda trong giao lUu va hdp tac quo'c te; van hda trong boat ddng ciia mdi con ngUdi va cua ca cdng ddng dan tgc.
Theo dd, cd the ndi, chiing ta da diing khi xac dinh viec xay diing va ban h a n h 'chinh sach kinh te trong van hda" phai n h a m "gan van hda vdi cac boat dgng kinh te, khai thac tiem n a n g kinh te, tai chinh hd trd cho p h a t trien van hda, dong thdi bao dam yeu cau chinh tri, tU tUdng cua boat dgng van hda, giii gin ban sac van hda dan tgc"; "bao dam cho van hda the hien rd trong cac hoat dgng kinh te dong thdi thiic day cac hoat dgng kinh te tao dieu kien nhieu hdn cho sU nghiep p h a t trien van hda"
R i n g , "viec xay diing cac muc tieu, giai phap kinh te phai gan vdi cac muc tieu, giai phap van hda, cham lo con ngUdi, neu cao dao difc trong san xua't kinh doanh"; "xay diing van minh thUdng nghiep, dao diic nghe nghiep, van hda kinh doanh"(7).
Ndi chiing ta da diing khi xay dUng
(7) Xem: Dang Cong san Viet Nam. Vdn kien Hgi nghi lan thii ndm Ban Chdp hdnh Trung Udng khoa VIII. Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi, 1998, tr.73,74.
D A N G HUU TOAN
va ban h a n h mdt "chinh sach kinh te trong van hda" nhU vay la bdi le, day chinh la cd sd de chiing t a g i n ket k i n h te vdi van hda, k h a i t h a c triet de vai trd dgng liic cua v a n hda cho p h a t trien kinh te ben viing.
V a n hda la s a n p h a m cua t o a n bd lich sif dan tgc, la phUdng thifc ton t a i cua mgt d a n tgc, la gia tri de con ngUdi trd t h a n h cdn ngUdi vdi diing n g h i a cua nd trong cdng dong ngUdi, trong cdng dong d a n toe. Vdi tU each dd, v a n hda ludn m a n g trong m i n h cac yeu td dia van hda, lich sii, d a n tdc, t r u y e n thd'ng, t a m ly g i n vdi cac bieu tUdng, phong tuc, t a p q u a n cua mdt cdng dong dan toe. Do vay, mgt k h i b a n sac d a n tdc ciia van hda bi d a n h mat, cac gia t r i van hda t r u y e n thd'ng k h d n g dUdc giii gin va p h a t h u y t h i d a n tdc dd ciing khdng cd ndi lUc cho p h a t t r i e n ndi chung, p h a t t r i e n k i n h te xa hdi ben viing ndi rieng.
Theo dd, cdn cd the ndi, chiing ta da diing khi dUa t r e n cd sd y thifc mdt each rd rang, sau sac cac gia tri van hda truyen thd'ng, b a n sac d a n tdc cua van hda la sii ket t i n h nhiing k h a t vgng cua mdi con ngUdi ve chan thien my va n a n g lUc sang tao cua ca cdng ddng dan tdc de khdng chap n h a n sU p h a t trien kinh te, sii t a n g trUdng kinh te n h a n h ma trong dd, ddi sd'ng v a n hda tinh t h a n cua mdi ngUdi, cua mdi cdng dong dan tdc lai trd nen xa la vdi chinh minh, chinh dan tdc minh.
Khi chiing ta chuyen tif n e n kinh te ke hoach hda t a p t r u n g sang nen kinh te thi trUdng, vai trd cua thUdng
nghiep, cua h o a t ddng k i n h doanh, ciia ky t h u a t va cdng n g h e h i e n dai diidc coi trgng, nhUng bUdc c h u y e n ddi nay cd the ndi chUa dUdc c h u a n bi day dii, va do vay, t r o n g ddi sd'ng xa hdi da xuat hien nhiing xu hUdng ciic doan mdi.
Cimg vdi viec s i m g bai n h i i n g ky t h u a t tien tien va cdng n g h e h i e n dai ciia nUdc ngoai, coi thUdng nghiep la phUdng thifc l a m giau n h a n h nha't, cac gia tri v a n hda t r u y e n thd'ng, b a n s i c v a n hda d a n tgc da bi coi n h e , t h a m chi cdn bi bd qua t r o n g n h i e u linh vUc boat ddng k i n h te. Vai trd ciia chii tin ma d a n tdc ta vd'n coi trgng, t h a m chi cdn dat len vi t r i h a n g d a u t r o n g hoat dgng k i n h te, h o a t ddng s a n xua't k i n h doanh da bi coi n h e , t h a m chi cdn cd ngUdi bat chap chii tin de l a m an, budn b a n phi p h a p . Ddi khi, hieu qua cua k i n h te thi trUdng chi dUdc do b i n g Id lai t h u a n tiiy, t h i e u q u a n t a m den hieu qua xa hdi cua nd. Cd liic, cd ndi da x u a t hien va trd n e n phd bien xu hUdng kinh doanh b a t c h a p dao ly, l u a t phap, vi dong tien m a k h d n g h e d i n do xiic p h a m den n h a n p h a m con ngUdi. Khdng chi the, t i n h t r a n g p h a t t r i e n kinh te khien cho di tich va c a n h q u a n van hda bi xam hai, bi p h a huy, mdi trUdng t h i e n n h i e n bi d n h i e m , mdi trUdng xa hgi bi v a n due ciing da xua't hien mgt each k h a pho bien. V a n hda vd'n dUdc coi la muc tieu, la ndi liic cho h o a t dgng k i n h te, h o a t ddng s a n xua't kinh doanh, khi difng trUdc n h i i n g xu hudng dd da trd n e n b a t lUc. Loi n a y khdng phai d k i n h te t h i trUdng tii nd. Kinh te thi t r u d n g la mdt t h a n h tUu cua van
10
minh n h a n loai, viia cd m a t tich cUc, viia cd m a t tieu ciic t r o n g ddi sd'ng kinh te xa hdi. Do vay, de cd sU p h a t trien kinh te xa hdi ben viing, chiing ta can phai p h a t h u y m a t tich cUc va h a n che, khac phuc m a t tieu ciic cua kinh te thi trUdng. Dieu nay, den lUdt minh, khdng the khdng can den vai trd ndi lUc cua van hda ndi chung, ciia cac gia tri van hda truyen thd'ng ndi rieng.
Theo dd, ciing cd the ndi, chiing ta da diing khi xac dinh ro p h a t trien kinh te thi trUdng dinh hUdng xa hdi chii nghia phai n h i m bao dam sU p h a t trien hai hda giiia ddi sd'ng vat chat va ddi sd'ng van hda t i n h t h a n cho q u a n g dai quan chiing n h a n dan, dam bao cho cac gia tri van hda t r u y e n thd'ng, ban sac van hda dan tdc va t i n h hoa van hda n h a n loai cimg dUdc bao ton va p h a t trien, ngay cang the hien rd vai trd cua nhiing ye'u to' cau t h a n h nen t a n g tinh t h a n xa hoi, ngudn lUc ndi sinh cho sii phat trien kinh te - xa hdi ben viing trong bdi canh toan cau hda, giao lUu van hda va hdi n h a p k i n h te quoc te.
N h u vay, cd the ndi, vdi tU each cai p h a n a n h va the hien mdt each tong quat, sd'ng ddng mgi phUdng dien cua ddi sd'ng con ngUdi (mdi ca n h a n , mdi cdng dong d a n tdc va cua ca cdng dong n h a n loai), la thudc do "trinh do ngUdi"
ciia cac mdi q u a n he xa hdi da, dang va se cdn tie'p tuc dUdc xac lap, van hda cau t h a n h mdt he thd'ng gia tri truyen thd'ng, t h a m my va ldi sd'ng ma diia tren nen t a n g dd, mdi d a n tdc, mdi qude gia tli k h i n g dinh ban s i c cua rieng minh.
Vdi t u each dd, v a n hda khdng the la cai
diing ngoai sii p h a t trien. Van hda nam ngay trong sii p h a t trien va gan lien vdi p h a t trien. Hdn niia, vdi tU each dd, van hda khdng chi trd t h a n h muc tieu, ma cdn trd t h a n h ddng lUc, t h a n h nguon lUc ndi sinh q u a n trgng nha't, t h a n h he dieu tiet hiiu hieu cho mdt sU p h a t trien ben viing. Van hda chiem vi tri h a n g dau, vai trd md dUdng va kha n a n g tao da cho sU p h a t trien tiep theo, duy tri mgt sU p h a t trien ben viing va dieu tiet cd hieu qua sii p h a t trien dd. Trong qua trinh p h a t trien nen kinh te thi trUdng dinh hudng xa hgi chu nghia, day m a n h cdng nghiep hda theo hudng hien dai, gan vdi p h a t trien kinh te tri thifc, van hda chinh la cd sd nen t a n g de chiing ta dinh hudng muc tieu, lUa chgn bUdc di thich hdp va xac dinh mot md hinh p h a t trien ben viing.
Trong sudt chieu dai lich sU dUng nUdc va giii nUdc, dan tdc Viet Nam ta da di tii t h a n g ldi nay den t h a n g ldi khac bang ngudn liic ndi sinh cua nen van hda Viet N a m truyen thd'ng. Gid day, trong cdng cugc doi mdi da't nUdc, khi toan cau hda, giao lUu van hda va hgi n h a p kinh te quo'c te da trd t h a n h xu the khach quan, t a t ye'u, chiing ta van dang viing bUdc di len vdi phUdng thiic p h a t trien "riit ngin'', lay phat trien n h a n h gan lien vdi p h a t trien ben viing, coi p h a t trien ben viing la chien lUdc bang nguon liic ndi sinh cua nen van hda Viet N a m tien tien, dam da ban sac dan tdc, bang viec giii gin va p h a t huy cao do cac gia tri van hda truyen thd'ng vdi tU each dgng liic tinh
