THUV TIEN - KINH NGHItM
VAN DUNG TIJ TUONG CUA V.I.LENIN VE NHA NUCfC TRONG XAY DUNG NHA NUVC PHAP QUYEN XA HOI CHU NGHIA 0 VIET NAM
PGS.TS DUONG QUANG HIEN (*) ThS PHAM TH! THUY HONG n
Tdm tat: Tu tudng cua V.I.Linin ve nha nUdc la sd tiep thu, kd thda va phit trien td tddng nha nUdc phip quyin cua C.Mic vi Ph.Angghen; dUdc NgUdi van dung vi phit trien trong qua trinh lanh dao xiy dung, hoin thiin bo may nha nUdc d nudc Nga; la cd sd khoa hgc de cac Ding Cong sin chin chfnh van dung vao xay ddng nhi nudc phip quyen xa hdi chd nghTa, trong dd cd Viet Nam.
Td khda: Nha nudc phap quyen xi hgi chij nghTa; tu tUdng cda V.I.Linin vi nhi nudc; xiy dung nhi nudc kieu mdi.
Abstract: V.I. Lenin's thoughts on state are the insights succeeding and evolving the Ideology on the rule-by-law state of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels; he mastered and evolved it in the process of developing and improving the state system in Russia. This is the scientific basis for the true Communist Party to apply to the development of the socialist rule-by-law state, including Vietnam.
Keywords: Socialist rule-by-law state; V.I. Lenin's thoughts on state; developing a new state model.
Ngay nhan bai: 08/02/2020 Ngay biin tap: 11/3/2020 Ngay duyet dang: 15/4/2020 1. NhQng noi dung cd b i n trong tU
tudng cua V.I.Lenin ve nha nQdc V.I.Lenin da nghien cQu tQ tQdng cQa C.Mac va Ph.Angghen v l nha nQdc trQdc khi lanh dao cupc Cach mang Thang MQdi Nga, lat dd ehe dp Sa Hoang va xay dgng nha nude chuyen chfnh v6 san d nUdc Nga. Trong nhieu tae pham ndi tieng, V.I.Lenin da thd hien nhQng luan diem sau sac, toan dien ve b i n chat phap quyen eua nha nude kieu mdi- nha nQdc dan ehu vd s i n ,
Tu tgdng cua V.I.Lenin ve nha nQdc phap quyen kieu mdi tap trung vao cac yeu td:
phap luat, phap che, xay dgng nha nude kieu mdi de hudng den mOt xa hpi dan ehu rpng rai, gill phdng va phat triln toan dien eon ngQdi. Do do, V.I.Lenin ehu trQdng xay dgng nha nQdc phap quyin vdi mgc dich cua chinh quyen Xd-viet la thu hut nhQng ngQdi lao (*) Vlen Khoa hgc Xa hdl Nhan van quan sU (**) Tap chi To chdc nha nudc
ddng tham gia vao quan ly nha nQdc va ehl ro: viec thu hQt dgpc mpi ngQdi lao ddng tham gia vao quin ly la mot trong nhQng uu the quyet djnh cua nen dan chu xa hpi ehu nghTa.
xay dgng mot nha nUdc kilu mdi - nha nUdc khdng edn nguyen nghTa, "nha nUde nQa nha nQdc", "nha ngde qua dp" d l dan ehuyin tdi mot ehe dp tg quin hoan toan cua Nhan dan.
Trong xa hpi xa hpi ehu nghTa, khi nha nude chua the dgt tdi sg "tg tieu vong" hoan toan vi v i n cdn cae giai cap, sg khac biet giQa eae giai cap, V.i.Lenin chi ro: "Trong mot thdi gian nha't dinh, dudi che dp cdng san, khdng nhQng van cdn phap quydn tQ san, ma v i n cdn c l nha nQdc kieu tu s i n nhung khdng ed giai cap tU sin"'". Chi khi nao quyin lue nha nQdc thupc v l Nhan dan mdi cd the quin ly dupe xa hdi phu hpp vdi quy luat phgc vu Idi fch Nhan dan. "Neu quyen iQc ehfnh tri nam trong tay mot giai cap ed quyen Ipi phu hpp vdi quydn Idi eua da sd, thi mdi ed the thQc hien viec dieu khien cdng viec qudc
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To chuc nha iiudc sd 4/2030gia thge sg theo dQng nguyen vpng cQa da sd"'^'. Nhung "ndu quyen IQe ehinh tri n i m trong tay mot giai cap cd quyen Ipi khae quyen Ipi eua da sd thi viec dieu khiln cdng viec qudc gia theo nguyen vpng cua da sd khdng khdi trd thanh mdt sg IQa gat, hoac dQa den chd dan ap da sd ay"'".
Trong tg tQdng eua V.I.Lenin, ndi dung cd b i n cua xay dgng nha ngde dan ehu la thgc thi eae quyen bau cQ, quyin tham gia quin ly nha nudc, quyen bai miln, quyen kilm tra, giam sat hoat dpng cua bd may nha nUde va can bd, cong chQe nha nQdc. Trong do, phap luat va phap ehe ed vai trd quan trpng trong quan ly xa hpi mdi, la mot trong nhQng dieu kidn CO b i n de xay dgng thanh edng ehu nghTa xa hpi. Nha nude phii dgpc td chQe va hoat dpng theo Hien phap, phap luat - do la dieu kien can va dieu kien du eho chu nghTa xa hpi thing Idi hoan toan.
Cac yeu td phap quyen the hien trong tu tgdng cQa V.I.Lenin ve nha ngdc la: sg thdng trj eua phap luat trong ddi sdng xa hpi; sg rang bupc cua nha nUde va cP quan nha nudc bdi phap luat; phap luat xae djnh ro trach nhiem hai chidu giQa nha nUdc va eong dan;
nha ngdc phap quyen ed nhQng hinh thQe kiem tra, giam sat ed hieu q u i viec tuan theo phap luat Nha nude phap quyen la nha nUdc thUdng tdn phap luat va b i o d i m dan chu.
Tinh chat va tinh tat yeu cua phap quyen v i n tdn tai trong ehe dp nha nude kilu mdi - nha nQdc dan chu vd san, nha nudc xa hdi chu nghTa tren nhieu yeu td, phQdng dien va la dieu kien de chu nghTa xa hpi thing Ipi. Day la mdt sang tao, gdp phan lam phong phu tU tudng ve nha nude phap quyen eua nhan logi, dat ra tien de tU tudng mdi ve xay dung nha nudc phap quyen xa hdi chu nghTa.
2. Dang Cong s i n Viet Nam tiep thu, vgn dung tii tufdng cua V.I.Lenin ve nha nUdc trong xay dUng, hoan thien Nha nUdc phap quyen xa hpi ch£i nghTa d Viet Nam
Chu tich Hd Chf Minh - ngQdi sang lap va ren luyen D i n g Cong san Viet Nam da tiep thu tinh hoa tu tudng eua nhan loai ve nha nude phap quyen, trong dd cd tU tudng cua C.IVIac, Ph.Angghen va V.I.Lenin d l hien thUc hda va hinh thanh, phat trien ly luan ve
nha nudc kieu mdi d Viet Nam. Mae du NgUdi khdng de cap den khai niem nha nude phap quyen ndi ehung, nha nudc phap quyen xa hpi chu nghTa ndi rieng, nhung trong nhieu bai viet va thgc t i l n lanh dgo each mgng Viet Nam eua NgQdi da t h i hien kha d i y du, sau sac nhQng dac trQng, npi dung cd ban eua nha nQdc phap quyen ndi ehung va Nha nUdc phap quyen xa hpi chu nghTa ndi rieng. TU tudng Hd Chf Minh ve Nha ngdc phap quyen xa hdi chu nghTa cua Nhan dan, do Nhan dan, vi Nhan dan la xay dgng nha nude hdp hien, hdp phap, ket hpp hai hda phap tri va dUc tri, tang cQdng quan ly nha nQdc bang phap luat di ddi vdi day mgnh giao due dao dQc, thgc hien tu do dan ehu gan lien vdi tuan thu phap luat.
Quan dilm ve nha nQdc phap quyen eua chu nghTa Mae - Lenin, tU tgdng Hd Chf Minh la cd sd khoa hpe d l Ding Cdng s i n Viet Nam van dyng vao xay dQng Nha nQdc phap quyen xa hpi chu nghTa, dac biet la trong thdi ky ddi mdi. Ding ta xac djnh: hoan thien chQc nang, nhiem vy, quyen hgn, td chQc cua Nha nUde theo quy dinh eua Hien phap nam 2013, dap Qng cac ddi hoi cQa Nha nQdc phap quyen xa hpi ehu nghTa trong dieu kien phat trien nen kinh te thi trQdng djnh hQdng xa hdi ChQ nghTa va hdi nhap qudc te; lanh dao viee day manh xay dgng, hoan thien va td chQe thgc hien he thdng phap luat theo cae nguyen tac dUPe quy djnh trong Hidn phap nam 2013;
xae djnh ro cd che phan cdng, phdi hdp thgc thi quyen igc nha ngde, nhat la cd che kiem scat quyen ige giQa cac cd quan nha nQdc trong viec thQc hien eae quyen lap phap, hanh phap, tu phap tren cd sd quyen lUc nha nUdc la thdng nhat, xac dinh ro hdn quyen han va trach nhiem eua cae ed quan lap phap, hanh phap va tu phap trong thue hien mdi quyen.
Su van dgng tU tudng eua V.I.Lenin ve nha nude phap quyen trong xay dgng, hoan thian Nha nude phap quyen xa hpi chu nghTa d Viet Nam dupe t h i hien qua mdt sd npi dung cd b i n sau:
Mot li, gia tri xuy§n sudt, cdt Idi, bao trum la xay dung Nha nUde xa hoi chu nghTa eua Nhan dan, do Nhan dan, vi Nhan dan, bao dam nen dan chu thge sQ, cd sg thd'ng nhat To chuc nha nudc sd 4/3030
chat ehe giQa b i n chat giai cap cdng nhan vdi tinh nhan dan, tinh dan tdc. Ta't e l quyen IQc nha nude thupc ve Nhan dan, khdng phan biet ndi gid'ng, trai, gai, giai cap, tdn giao. Nha nude xa hdi chu nghTa la nha nude hpp hien, hdp phap, quin ly xa hpi theo Hien phap va phap luat vdi tinh than: "Bay xin hien phap ban hanh, tram dilu phii cd than linh phap quyen"'-"; ket hdp chat che vdi giao dye dao dQc. Phap luat trong nha nQdc phap quyen la phap luat dan ehu, the hien dupe tg do, y chf va Ipi ieh cua Nhan dan. Mpi quyen dan chu cua ngUdi dan phii dupe the ehe hda bang Hien phap va phap luat; he thdng phap luat phai b i o d i m cho quyen tg do dan chu cQa nggdi dan dgpe ton trpng trong thgc te.
Hai li, Nha nQdc cd trach nhiem va chju trach nhiem trgdc Nhan dan; cdng dan phii lam trdn nghTa vu ddi vdi nha nude va xa hdi.
Nha nude phai giQ gin sg trong sach, ngan chgn, logi trQ dQpc quan lieu, tham nhung, lang phi, eae tieu cQc trong bp may nha nQdc.
Chu tich Hd Chf Minh chi rd: "Phap luat phii thang tay trQng tri nhQng ke bat liem, bat ky ke ay d dja vi nao, lam nghe nghiep gl"'^'. Can bp, edng ehQc la eong bpc cua Nhan dan;
ggpng m l u tuan thu phap luat; can bp hanh phap, tg phap phai "dTedng vi thQdng; phgng cdng, thu phap". Nha nQdc phii cd bien phap kilm tra, giam sat hoat dpng cua bp may nha nUde va cua can bd, edng chQc.
Ba li, tQ tQdng cua ChQ tjeh Hd Chi Minh v l nha nQdc phap quyen la sg van dyng sang tgo, bd sung, phat trien tU tQdng ve nha nQdc phap quyen cua nhan loai va chu nghTa Mae - Ldnin. NgUdi da md ra hudng di mdi eho qua trinh xay dgng nha ngdc kilu mdi va thgc thi phap luat theo tinh than phap quyen d Viet Nam. Day la ed sd ly luan trgc tiep de Dang Cdng s i n Viet Nam lanh dgo, td ehQc va xay dgng md hinh nha nQdc kieu mdi cua Nhan dan; de eao Hien phap, phap luat, gill quyet tdt eac mdi quan he giQa nha nudc va cdng dan, gdp phan xay dQng nha nQdc dan ehu nhan dan vQng mgnh, hoan thanh sg nghiep dau tranh giii phong dan tdc, dQa c l nudc di len ehu nghTa xa hpi.
Bdn la. Dang Cdng s i n Viet Nam da ke thQa, phat triln tg tgdng nha nQde phap quyen
cua nhan loai va chu nghla Mac - Lenm oe de ra nhQng nhiem vg, gill phap xay dung, hoan thien Nha nude phap quyen xa hpi chu nghTa Viet Nam; hoan thien the chd, chQc nang, nhi§m vg, phgpng thQc va cd ehe van hanh, nang eao hieu IQc, hidu q u i cQa Nha nQdc phap quyen xa hdi chu nghTa; hoan thien td ChQc va nang cao c h i t IQpng, hieu q u i hoat ddng cua bp may nha nQdc; trong dd, ehu trpng xay dgng dpi ngu can bp, cdng chQc dap Qng ydu cau, nhidm vg cQa giai doan each mgng mdi.
De thQc hien tdt cdng tae xay dgng d6i ngu can bp, cdng ehQc phgc vu eho nhiem vy xay dQng va hoan thien Nha nQdc phap quyen xa hpi ehu nghTa trong thdi ky mdi, eIn tap trung thgc hien nhQng nhiem vg sau:
Thd nhat, "Ding tap trung lanh dgo ve dudng Idi, chu trQdng, xay dgng tidu chi, tieu chuan, cP che, ehinh saeh ve can bd, cdng ChQe. Day mgnh dan chO hda cdng tac can b6, quy djnh rd trach nhiem, thIm quyin cCia mdi td chQc, mdi cap trong xay dQng dpi ngu can bp, edng chQc cd ban ITnh ehinh tri vQng vang, pham chat dgo dQc trong sang, ed trinh dp, nang iQc chuyen mdn phu hpp, dap Qng yeu cau cua giai doan mdi. Thue hien thi diem dan trQc tiep bau mot sd chQe danh d ed sd va d ca'p huyen; md rpng ddi tQdng thi tuyen chQc danh can bp quan ly. Hoan thien tieu chf danh gia va cd che kilm tra, giam sat, kiem scat viec thgc thi edng vu; xac djnh rd quyen han, trach nhiem eua ngudi dQng dau cd quan hanh chinh"'*'. Day la sg the hi§n nha't qu^n nguyen tae Dang thdng nhat lanh dao eong tae can bp va quin ly dpi ngu can bp, di doi vdi phat huy trach nhiem cua td chQe va ngUdI dQng dau eac td ehQc trong he thdng ehfnh trj, glQ vQng nguydn tac tap trung dan ehu va quyet djnh tap t h i ve edng tae can bd.
Thd hai, can hoan thien cac quy djnh ve tieu chf, tieu chuan can bd, edng ehQc. NhQng tieu chuan ehung cho can bp, cdng chQc trong thdi ky day mgnh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dgi hoa dat nQdc va hpi nhap qud'c te bao gdm: 1) Cd tinh than yeu nude sau sac, tan tuy phye vu Nhan dan, kien dinh mgc tieu dpc lap dan tpc va chu nghTa xa hdi, phan dau thQc hien cd ket q u i dQdng Idi cua Ding,
O
To chiic olia naac soi 4/2020ehfnh saeh va phap luat cua Nha nude; 2) Can, kiem, liem, ehinh, chf cdng vd tu. Khdng tham nhung va kien quyet da'u tranh chong tham nhung; 3) Cd y thQe td ehQc ky luat, trung thge, khdng cd hpi, gan bd mat thiet vdi Nhan dan, dgde Nhan dan tin nhiem; 4) Cd trinh dp hieu biet ve ly luan ehinh tri, quan dilm, dudng Idi eQa Dang, ehinh saeh va phap luat eua Nha nudc; ed trinh dp van hoa, chuyen mdn, du nang lue va sQc khoe d l iam viec ed hieu qua, dap Qng yeu cau nhiem vy dQdc giao. Ngoai cac tieu chuan chung, tren tQng ITnh vyc, vj tri cdng tae eu the, can bd, cdng chQe can phii cd nhQng tieu chuan rieng nham dap Qng yeu eau, nhidm vy.
Dang ta chi ro viee xay dQng dpi ngu can bd, nhat la can bd cap chien lUpc phii "tuyet ddi trung thanh vdi D i n g , To qud'c va Nhan dan, san sang chien dau, hy sinh vi dde lap, tU do cua To qudc, vl hanh phQc cua Nhan dan; ed y thQe td chQc k^ luat nghiem, sQc chien dau cao; ed sd IUdng va ed cau hdp ly, dap Qng yeu eau xay dQng Igc IUdng vu trang each mgng, chfnh quy, tinh nhue, tQng bQde hien dai; tQ 20 - 30% dQ k h i nang lam vi§c trong mdi trQdng qudc te de dap Qng vdi yeu eau, nhiem vy trong thdi ky mdi"">.
Thd ba, day mgnh dan ehu hda edng tac can bp, quy djnh rd trach nhiem, tham quyen eua cae cap, cac nganh, moi td ehQc trong
xay dgng dpi ngu can bp, cdng chQc la yeu cau tat yeu cua c6ng tac can bp trong thdi ky mdi. Do dd, eae cap uy ding, ehfnh quyen can quan triet va thgc hien tdt cd ehe
"Ding lanh dgo, Nha nude quan ly, Nhan dan lam ehu"
va phQdng cham "dan biet, dan ban, dan lam, dan kiem tra". Cd cd ehe thuan Ipi de Nhan dan gidi thieu, tien cQ cho Ding, Nha nQdc nhQng can bd cd dQe, cd tai. cac d p uy dang, chfnh quyen can tran trpng va tiep thu cae y kien ddng gdp eua Nhan dan d l kjp thdi dieu chinh cdng tae can bd. Ddi vdi he thdng chfnh trj, nhQng van de lien quan den cae npi dung quin ly can b6 nhQ phan ca'p q u i n ly, tieu chuan can bp, danh gia, bd tri, sQ dgng, quy hogch, bd nhiem, miln nhiem, dieu dpng, luan chuyen, khen thQdng, ky luat can bp... deu phii dUpc phd bien, quan triet, hudng d i n de eae td chQe thanh vien trong he thdng chfnh tri va quan chQng biet, tfch cue tham gia. Thdi gian tdi can ra soat, sQa doi, bd sung quy che, quy djnh, quy trinh trong cong tae can bd theo hudng md rpng dan ehu de ed sg tham gia rpng rai hdn eua eac td chQc thanh vien va can bp, d i n g vien, cdng chQe, vien chQc, ngQdi lao ddng.
Ben cgnh dd, c i n tiep tue thgc hien chu trQdng cua Ding ve thQc hien thf dilm Nhan dan trgc tiep bau mot sd chQc danh d ed sd va d cap huyen; md rpng ddi tupng thi tuyen chQe danh can bp lanh dgo, quan ly. Day la ehu trQPng mdi, sang tgo de danh gia dung nang igc, uy tfn, dao dQc cua can bd dQpe bd nhiem vao eae chQe danh. Mat khac, la cP sd de Nhan dan phat huy vai trd cua minh trong giam sat hogt dpng cua bd may chfnh quyen dja phQdng va moi can bp, eong chQc. Chu trQdng nay la dQng dan, the hien niem tin cua D i n g vao tri tue eua Nhan dan, song la mdt chu trUdng rat mdi, cdn nhieu khd khan trong nhan thQc va td ehQc thge hien cua c l cac cd quan nha nQdc va Nhan dan, do dd can thQc
To chuc nha nuoc sd 4/2020
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hien thf diem 6 nhQng dia phgpng hpi ty day du nhQng dieu kien thuan Ipi, tren eP sd dd tdng ket, danh gia, rQt kinh nghiem va nhan rpng tren phgm vi c l nQde.
Thd tu, can tiep tgc xay dQng, hoan thien ed chd, ehfnh saeh dai ngp, thu hut, trpng dyng nhan tai'^'. ThQc hien tdt ehinh saeh dao tao, bdi dudng, chfnh sach sQ dyng va quin ly can bp, ehfnh saeh dam bao Ipi fch va dpng vien tinh t h i n vdi dpi ngu can bp, eong ehQc.
Viee ra soat, sQa ddi, bd sung chinh sach ddi vdi can bp, edng chQe ed tam quan trpng rat Idn ddi vdi vide xay dQng dpi ngu can bp, edng chQc hien nay, trong dd tap trung vao nhQng npi dung eP b i n : danh gia dQng thge trang chinh sach can bd, cdng ehQc; sQa ddi, bd sung nhOng quy djnh con chdng cheo hoae bat hpp ly, ban hanh ddng bp cac chfnh sach tQ khau tuyen dung, bd tri, sQ dyng, dao tgo, bdi dudng, danh gia, khen thudng, ky luat, tien iQPng, phg d p , bao hilm xa hpi, bao hiem y te, dieu kien lam viec, nghi ngdi...
Ddng thdi, eIn ed eac gill phap nang eao hieu Igc, hieu qua hoat d6ng cua cac cd quan nham tgo dieu kien thuan Idi d l cae chfnh sach sdm di vao eupe sdng.
Can xac djnh cac tidu chi ve nhan tat, tai nang doi vdi viee d i m nhiem eac chQc vg cQa bd may nha nQde, ehQ trpng thQc hien ddng bd cae bien phap: nang eao chat Igpng tuyen dgng; ddi mdi ehe dp danh gia can bp, cdng chQc (djnh ky va dot xuat); xay dgng va thgc hien ehe dp tien cQ; ddi mdi phQdng thQc bd nhiem can bp, eong chQc; xay dgng chQdng trinh, npi dung va phUdng phap bdi dQdng ddi vdi nhQng ngQdi dQpc xae djnh ed tai nang;
thge hien luan chuyen, dieu dpng, biet phai d l thQ thaeh va tao dieu kien cho can bp, c6ng chQe the hien dQpc nang ige; ed ehfnh sach trpng dgng tai nang, phan c6ng dung sd trudng cdng tae va cd ehinh sach dai ngp thda dang.
Thd nim, "diy mgnh dau tranh phdng, chdng tham nhung, lang phf, quan lieu, hach djch, cQa quyen; thge hanh tiet kiem trong cae cP quan nha ngdc va trong dpi ngu can bp, cdng chQc"'^' la nhiem vu d p thidt hien nay. Theo dd, c i n tap trung thgc hien mot sd giai phap cd ban, dd la: Danh gia dung thgc
trgng tinh hinh va k i t q u i dau tranh vdi ta quan lieu, tham nhung va cac bieu hien tieu cue trong bd may nha nude; nhan thQe dung tam quan trpng eua eupe dau tranh chdng quan lieu, tham nhung, lang phi; xac djnh dung dan quan diem va thai dd trong dau tranh chdng quan lieu, tham nhung, lang phf;
p h i i lam r5 sg that ve tinh trang quan lieu, tham nhung, tieu cgc trong bp may nha ngde; ed chien Igpc, ke hogch dau tranh vdi quan lieu, tham nhung va eae hien tgpng tieu cQc khac; cd thai dp kien quye't, kien tri va lien tgc dau tranh; triln khai ddng bd cac giai phap c l trong phdng ngQa, phat hian, xQ ly va phat huy vai trd eua eae td ehQc, IQc IQpng trong phdng, chdng quan lieu, tham nhung va eae tieu cgc khac trong bd may nha ngde, cg the:
Thge hien tdt cac giai phap v l phdng ngQa mpi kha nang ed the xay ra tieu cQc, nhQ: thgc hien tdt quy dinh eong khai, minh bach trong hogt ddng cua cP quan, to chQc, ddn vi; xay dQng va thQc hien cac che dp, djnh mQc, tieu chuan; xay dpng va thge hien quy tac Qng xQ, quy tac dgo dQc nghe nghiep, viec luan chuyen vj trf cdng tac cua can bd, edng chQe, vien ehQc; minh bgch tai san, thu nhap cua can bp, cdng chQc; che dp trach nhiem cua ngQdi dQng dau cd quan, td chQe, ddn vj khi d l x i y ra tham nhung; cai each hanh chinh, Qng dung cdng nghe trong lanh dao, quan ly va doi mdi phQdng thQc thanh toan nham phdng ngQa tham nhung; tang cudng cdng tac tuyen truyen, giao dye y thQc phap luat va phat huy vai trd eua ngUdi dQng dau cd quan, to ehQc, ddn vj trong phdng, chdng tham nhung.
Thgc hien tdt eac gill phap phat hidn tham nhung, gdm: phat hien tham nhung thdng qua edng tae kiem tra eua ed quan quin ly nha nude; qua hogt ddng thanh tra, kilm toan, dieu tra, kiem sat, xet xQ, giam sat; td cao va gill quyet td eao ve hanh vi tham nhung; thdng qua eac phUdng tien bao chi, truyen thdng va Nhan dan theo tu tudng Hd Chi Minh: "Dan phii biet quydn han cua minh, phai biet kiem scat can bd, de glQp can bd thge hidn ehQ LIEM"'"". Ddng thdi, thge hien tdt cae giii phap xQ ly hanh vi tham
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To chuc nha nudc so 4/3020nhung, bao gdm: xQ ly ngQdi cd hanh vi tham nhung va cac hanh vi vi pham phap luat khac;
xQ ly tai s i n tham nhung.Phat huy vai trd, trach nhiem eua eac td chQc, igc IQpng trong phdng, chdng tham nhung, bao gdm: trach nhiem va sQ phdi hpp giQa cae eP quan nha nUdc trong phdng, chdng tham nhung; cd che va td ehQc cd tinh chat chuyen trach trong dau tranh chdng tham nhung; Mat tran To qudc Viet Nam va td chQc thanh vien phdi hpp vdi eae ed quan nha nQdc trong phdng, chdng tham nhung.
xay dgng ddi ngu can bp, cdng ehQc cd du pham chat, nang IQc, trinh dp dap Qng dQpc yeu d u chQc trach, nhiem vu la phQPng hQdng, giii phap mang tfnh quyet dinh cho qua trinh xay dQng va hoan thien Nha nude phap quyen xa hpi ehu nghTa 6 nUde ta hien nay. Day la mot nhiem vg vQa cd b i n , lau dai, vQa cap bach, thiet thgc ddi hoi sg tich cgc, ed nhan thQe dung dan trong viec xac djnh tam nhin chien IQpc va to ehQc thge hien trong thgc t i l n , NhQng quan dilm neu tren cua D i n g la cd sd quan trpng, djnh hudng de chung ta day manh hieu qua viee thge hien nhiem vy nay trong giai doan each mgng mdi.
De cac quan diem cua D i n g Cong san Viet Nam ve xay dgng va hoan thien Nha ngde phap quyen xa hdi chu nghTa di vao cuoc sdng, toan Ding, toan dan va toan quan ta, ma trgc tiep la cap uy, td chQe d i n g cac d p phai IhQe hien toan dien, ddng bp nhieu gill phap, trong dd can tap trung lam tdt cdng tac tuyen truyen, hpc tap, quan triet nang eao nhan thQe, trach nhiem cua mdi td chQc va ngQdi dan. Day la giai phap quan trpng va khau d i u tien cd tfnh "md dQdng" trong hoat dpng nham tao sQ chuyen bien ve nhan thQc, thdng nhat y chf va hanh ddng trong D i n g va sg dong thuan eao trong Nhan dan; ed vu, dpng vien toan Dang, toan dan va toan quan phat huy eao dp tinh than yeu nUdc, y ehi tg igc, tg eUdng va sQc manh toan dan tdc, thQc hien thing Ipi eae nghi quyet eOa Dang. Do dd, eIn tap trung lanh dao, ehl dao nghiem tQc viec td chQe hpc tap, quan triet nang cao nhan thQe den tat ea cac ddi tQpng, bao dam chat IQdng, hieu qua, thiet thgc; ddi mdi npi dung, phQdng phap tuyen truyen, hpc tap,
quan triet; phat huy vai tro dpi ngu bao cao vien trong tuyen truyen, hpe tap, quan triet nang cao y thQc, trach nhiem cho toan Dang, toan dan; cap uy, td chQc dang cac d p d n ChQ trpng cdng tae lanh dao, ehl dao, kiem tra, danh gia; chu dpng xay dgng chgpng trinh hanh dpng triln khai thge hien; day manh cong tac nghien cQu ly luan, tdng kdt thge tiln; tang cgdng da'u tranh tU tudng, ly luan bao ve quan diem cua Ding ve xay dgng va hoan thien Nha nude phap quyen xa hdi ehu nghTa Viet Nam.
Mdi can bp, ding vien, td ehQc dang thQc hien tdt nhQng gill phap neu tren se gdp p h i n xay dgng thanh c6ng Nha ngdc phap quyen Viet Nam xa hpi ehu nghTa. Ddng thdi, se lam trong saeh bp may nha nude, "giup cho can bp va ding vien ta glQ gin pham chat each mang, can, kiem, liem, chinh, ehi cong v6 tQ, m6t Idng mot da phue vg Nhan dan, phue vy each mgng""", dap Qng yeu d u , nhiem vg xay dgng va b i o ve To qude xa hpi ehu nghTa trong tinh hinh mdi./.
Ghi chu:
(I) V.I.Lenin, Toin tap, tap 33, Nxb Tien bo, M.1977, tr.121.
(2),(3) V.I.Lenin, Toan tap, tap 43, Nxb Tien bp, M.1978, tr.52, tr.52.
(4) Hd Chf Minh, Toan tap, tap 1, Nxb CTQG- ST, H.2011, tr.473.
{5),(10) Hd Chf Minh, Toan tap, tap 6, Nxb CTQG-ST, H.2011, tr.127, tr.127.
(6) Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Van kien Dai hdl dai bieu toin qudc lan thd Xli, Van phdng Trung UOngOang, H.2016, tr.180.
(7) Dang Cong san Vigt Nam, Van kidn Hgi nghj lan thd bay Ban Chap hanh Trung UOng khda Xli, H,2018,
(8) Dang Cong s^n Viet Nam, Van kiin Dai hdi dai bleu toin qudc lan thd XII, Van phong Trung Udng Dang, H.2016, tr.181.
(9) Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Van kien Dai hdi dai bieu toan qudc lan thd XII, Van phong Trung UOng Dang, H.2016, tr.181.
( I I ) Hd Chi Minh, Toin tap CD-ROM, tap 13, Nxb CTQG-ST, H.2011, tr.418.
Td chuc nha nuoc sd 4/2030
