KHOA HOC Kt THUAT THU Y TAP XXI S6 1 - 2014
f:rao toi ^^ML - J|oat tong ngani)
TINH HiNH DICH BENH THUY SAN NAM 2013 UA KET QUA PHONG CHONG
Trdn Dinh Ludn, Le Vdn Khoa, Nguyin Vdn Long, Nguyin The Hiin Cue thuy I. TINH HINH D|CH BENH
THUY SAN
1.1. Tinh hinh djch bfnh tren torn /././. Bfnh hoai tur gan tuy edp (AHPND)
- Trong 10 thang ddu nam 2013, djch benh hoai hj gan tuy cap tinh tren tdm da xuat hien tai 192 xa cua 57 huyen thudc 18 tinh, thanh phd trong pham vi ca nudc. Tdng dien tich nudi tdm cd benh Id 5.705 ha, bao gdm 2.423 ha nudi tdm the vd 3.282 ha nudi tdm sii (Bang I).
Bang 1. S6 li^u djch benh hoai tCi' gan tuy cap tinh va djch benh dom trang tren torn trong 10 thang dau nam 2012 va 10 thang dau nam 2013
Cac thong so so sanh
So tinh CO dich So huyen c6 djch S6 xa CO d|Ch Tfing di§n tich bi b^nh (ha)
B^nh ho^i tu' gan tuy cap tinh 10thang nam 2012 16 50 187 25.227
10 tttang nam 2013
18 57 192 5 705
B^nh dom trang
10 tttang nam 2012
19 52 114 8 057
10 ttiang nam 2013
28 93 278 12.142
long hai b^nh *
10 ttiang nam 2012
22 69 227 33.284
10 ttiang nam 2013
28 104 325 17 846
Ghi chu: * So lieu do cac dia phuang bdo cdo theo yeu cdu tai cong van so 1618/TY-TS ngdy 20/9/2013 cua Cue thuy
• So vdi 10 thdng ddu nam 2012, dich benh hoai hi gan tyy edp tinh nam 2013 xay ra d nhieu dja phuong hon (nhieu xa, huyen, tinh), nhung tdng dien tich bj benh thap hon rat nhieu, udc tinh chi bdng khodng 1/5 (Bang I, Bieu dd 3,Phvlvcl).
-fi^cdi^mdjch t l
+ Theo thai gian. Dich b?nh hoai hi gan
tuy cap tinh xuat hien d hau het cac thdng trong nam, nhung tap trung vdo cac thdng 4-8. Nguyen nhdn do khoang thdi gian nay Id miia nudi tdm chinh vu. So vdi cung ky ndm 2012, dich hoai tir gan tuy cap tinh xuat hien sdm hon khodng I thdng, do ngudi nudi tha tdm sdm hon (ngay sau Tet cd truyen).
-t- Theo khong gian: Dich xudt hi?n d hdu het
KHOA HOC Ki THUAT TH0 Y T^P XXI SO 1 - 2014
cdc vung trgng diem nudi tdm. Trong do, cdc viing nudi tdm trgng diem tai vung ddng bang sdng Cuu Long bi thiet hai nang nhdt.
+ Theo doi tuang mdc benh: Dich xudt hien tr8n ca hai ddi tugng nudi chinh la tdm the va tdm sii d do tudi sau khi tha, chii yeu dudi 35 ngay. Cy the, dien tich tdm sii mac benh trong nam 2013 chi8m 55,53% tdng sd dien tich nudi tdm mac benh, dien tich tdm the chan trang mdc benh chilm 42,47%. Ty 18 nay cd khdc so vdi nam 2012 (tdm sii mac benh chiem 92,36% va tdm the mdc benh chiem 7,64%). Nguyen nhdn la do trong ndm 2013, dien tich nudi tdm the chdn trdng tdng Ien dang ki.
1.1.2. Benh dim trdng (WSD)
- Trong 10 thdng ddu nam 2013, dich benh ddm trdng tren tdm da xuat hien tai 278 xd cua 93 huyen thugc 28 tinh, thdnh phd trong pham vi cd nudc. Tdng dien tich nudi trdng thuy sdn cd benh la 12.242 ha, bao gdm 4.493,91 ha nudi tdm the vd 7.647,68 ha nudi tdm sii (Bdng 1).
- So vdi 10 thang dau ndm 2012, dich benh ddm trang tang 4.085 ha (Bilu do 6). Sd lugng xa, huyen, tinh cd dich cung tang so vdi ciing ky nam 2012. Cu the nhu Bang 1 va Phu luc I.
- DSc diem dich te
+ Theo thai gian. Dich ddm trang xudt hien d hau het cac thdng trong nam, nhung tap trung vdo cdc thdng 4-7 (Bieu dd 4, Bieu dd 5).
Nguyen nhdn la do khoang thdi gian nay la miia nudi tdm chinh vy. So vdi sd lieu cung ky nam 2012 cho thay sd lugng xa vd tdng dien tich cd dich trong nam 2013 Id cao hon nhieu (sd lugng xa gap 2,4 ldn va tdng dien tich gap 1,5 ldn) so vdi sd lugmg xa va tdng dien tich cd dich trong nam 2012.
+ Theo khong gian. Dich xuat hien d hau het cac vung trgng diem nudi tdm. Trong dd, cdc viing nudi tdm trgng diem tai viing ddng bdng sdng Ciiu Long bj thiet hai ndng nhdt (Ban dd 2, Phu luc 1). Muc do dich trong nam 2013 tai cdc tinh nay trdm trgng hon nam 2012.
+ Theo doi tucmg mdc benh: Dich xuat hiea tren ca hai ddi tugng nudi chinh la tom the va tdm sii. Cu the, dien tich tdm sii mac benh trong nam 2013 chiSm 37,01% ttong tdng sd dien tich mac benh, dien tich tdm the chdn trang mdc benh chiem 58,76%. Ty Ie nay cd khdc so vdi nam 2012 (tdm sii mac benh chi8m 87,61% va tdm the mdc benh chiem 15,39%). Nguyen nhdn la do trong nam 2013, dien tich nudi tdm the chan trang tang len dang ke.
1.L3. Tinh hinh dfch bfnh tren torn hum Tu dau nam den nay, cac dich benh chu yeu xay ra nhu benh siia, den mang, do than vd gdn day xudt hien benh mdi ldm tdm bi ryng chdn.
Cu the: tai Phu Yen khoang 15%) sd ldng cd tdm bi benh; Binh Dinh khodng 3,5% sd ldng; va tai Khanh Hda cd khoang 11 % sd ldng tdm bi benh.
Tai Khdnh Hda, tir thdng 7/2012 den nay torn hum bl benh vdi cac dau hieu la nhu: tdm bj thoi chan, rung chdn (chdn tdm ban dau bi sung to, tdn thuong, hoai tu cd mui rdt thdi); quan sat bang mdt thudng thdy cd rdt nhi6u sinh vdt nhd ky sinh. Sd lugng tdm bi benh nhieu vdo cac thang 5-6/2013, vdi sd lugng tir 5-15 tdm benh/
Idng (mat do nudi khoang 70-80 con/Idng). Hien nay, tinh hinh dich benh da gidm nhieu, dn dinh, (ty Ie Idng cd tdm bi benh khodng dudi 10%, vdi sd lugng tir 1-2 tdm benh/ldng). Ket qua phan tich xet nghiem ban dau cho thdy sir xudt hien nhieu tac nhan nhu nhu ndm Fusarium sp;
nhiem Vibrio trong cac co quan noi tang (gan tuy) va 2 lodi chii y6u la Vibrio alginolyticus va V. vulnificus, ky sinh trimg thudc ngdnh triing long boi Ciliphora. Tuy nhien, de xac dinh ro nguyen nhan gay benh. Cue thii y dd chi dao Trung tdm chdn doan thii y Trung uong vd Co quan thu y viing VI Idy mdu xet nghiem trong nudc, ddng thdi gui mdu di nudc ngoai dl phdn tich tim nguyen nhdn gay benh.
1.1.4. Cdc benh khdc tren torn
Ngoai hai benh trgng digm neu tren, h-ong 10 thang ddu ndm 2013, mdt sd b$nh cung da dugc bdo cdo vol sd lieu cu thd tai Bang 2.
KHOA HOC KY THUAT THU Y TAP XXI SO 1 - 2014
Bang 2: T6ng hap mot so b$nh khac xay ra tren tom trong 10 thang dau nam 2013
Ten b^nh
B#nh dau vang (YHD) Benh hogi tin duo-i vo va ca quan tao mau (IHHNV)
Benh phan trang
B^nh khac (den mang, do than, ky sinh tmng,..)
Chit do moi tru'ong
So xa CO benh
8 72 10 13 54
So huyfn c6 benh
5 8 4 9 16
S6 tinh CO benh
4 2 4 4
Di^n tich bj benh (ha)
18 786
15 42 10 564
1.1.5. Nhdn dinh tinh hinh cdc benh tren torn - Nhin chung, dich benh tren tdm trong 10 thdng dau nam 2013, tuy cd xdy ra d nhieu dia phuong hon, nhung tdng dien tich bi benh chi bang khodng 53,62% so vdi ciing ky nam 2012 (Bdng 1, Phy lyc I). Nhi6u ngudi nudi tdm da cd nhiing ddu tu thda ddng, theo hudng thdm canh, cdng nghiep, do dd dl dang cho viec quan ly vd xir \-^ mdi trudng nudc, ciing nhu viec xu ly cdc chdt thdi trong qua trinh nudi. Ddng thdi, nhieu ngudi nudi ciing cd y thdc phdng chdng dich b?nh, su dung con gidng, thudc thu y, thirc 5n cd ngudn gdc ro rang, dp dung khoa hgc ky thudt trong nudi thuy sdn. Chinh quyen va cdc CO quan chuyen mdn cua mdt sd dia phuong da cd nhihig dau tu, chi dao vd hudng dan san xuat, phong chdng djch benh. Vi vay, viec nudi trdng thuy san ndi chung vd nudi tdm ndi rieng trong 10 thdng dau ndm 2013 da cd chieu hudng phat trien tich cyrc, san lugng tang so vdi cung ky ndm 2012 Ben canh gid thiiy sdn, nhat la gid tdm tdng cao, trong khi dich benh giam, nen ngudi nudi tdm cd lai.
- Trong cdc thdng gan ddy, cdc benh chi xudt hien rdi rdc d mgt sd tinh, dien tich benh giua cac thdng khdng cd bien ddng nhieu. Nguyen nhdn Id do (1) hien nay dd vao mua mua, vu nudi chinh dd ket thiic, chi cdn mgt sd viing nudi chua thu hogch nen cdn xudt hien benh; vd (2) toe dg Idy lan ciia b$nh ho^i tu gan hiy cap tinh
gifla cac ao nudi tdm khdng manh va nhanh nhu benh ddm trang.
- Tuy nhien, mua vu nudi tdm chinh sdp bat ddu, viec quan ly mdi trudng nudc nudi cdn nhieu han che, nhieu bat cap trong cdng tac thii y thuy san tai cac dja phuong, ciing vdi thdi tiet thay ddi, do do dich benh se tiSp tyc phat sinh manh khi dien tich nudi tdng len. Vi vdy, cdc dja phucmg cdn khdn truong lap ke hoach phong chdng djch benh (dac biet Id viec giam sat vd du bdo dich benh), lich thd nudi cho vu nudi tiep theo nhdm dam bao chu ddng, nhanh chdng, kip thdi va hieu qua. Ben canh dd trien khai viec hudng ddn ngudi nudi thuc hien ddng bd cdc bien phap phdng chdng dich benh tren tdm cung nhu ky thudt nudi tdm, xu Iy ao nudi trudc vy nudi mdi. Tdng cudng cdng tdc tap hudn tuyen truyen cho ngudi dan ve benh, cdc quy dinh trong cdng tdc phong chdng djch nhdm tao su chu ddng cho ngudi dan khi dich benh xdy ra.
1.2. Tinh hinh dich b^nh tren cac Joai thiiy san Ichac
1.2.1. Bfnh tren cd tra
Trong 10 thang ddu nam 2013, cdc loai dich benh h-en cd tra da xdy ra tai 71 xa thudc 21 huy?n cua 6 tinh. Tdng di?n tich bi benh Id 732,1 ha, gdm: Bin Tre (7,6 ha), Ddng Thap (639 ha), Hau Giang (0,1 ha), thdnh phd Cdn
KHOA HOC KY THUAT THU Y TAP XXI SO I - 2014
Tho (1,2 ha), Tra Vinh (9,1 ha) vd Vmh Long (75 ha).
Ca tra mac cdc benh chinh nhu: Gan than mu (chiem khodng 48%), xuat huyet (chiem khoang 32%), ky sinh triing (khodng 4%) va mdt sd benh khdc. Dich benh xuat hien quanh nam, nhung bi nang nhat vao giai doan tir thdng 12 - 2 va thdng 6 - 8 .
1.2.2. Benh tren cd nir&c ngpt
Benh xuat hien tai 65 xa thudc 25 huyen ciia 10 tinh. Tdng dien tich bi benh khoang 326,5 ha, gdm: Hd Ngi (12,9 ha), Ha Nam (69,2 ha), Ninh Binh (150 ha), Thanh Hda (4,4 ha), Nghe An (19,8 ha), Quang Tri (10 ha). Dak Lak (1,4 ha), Ldm Ddng (12 ha), Ddng Thap (43,3 ha) vd Tra Vinh (3,5 ha).
Cdc loai cd nudc nggt nhu trdm, chep, me, trdi, rd phi, rd ddng, ca ldc bi benh chu yeu Id xuat huyet viem rudt, nam, ddm do hoac do cdc yeu td mdi trudng, nhimg thiet hai khdng ddng ke. Benh xuat hien d nhiSu thang, nhung tap tnmg vdo cac thdng 4 va thdng 5.
1.2.3. Benh tren cd bien
- Phii Yen: Ngay 11/4/2013, Chi cue thii y Phii Yen co bdo cdo ve dich benh tren cd mu (cd song) xudt hien tai viing nudi cua xa Xuan Thinh va Xuan Hda thudc TX Sdng Cdu. Sd Idng bi benh/tdng sd Idng nudi trong khu vuc:
370/527 ldng. Ty le mac benh: khodng 80%. Sd lugng chit: 50 - 70%/75.400 con, kich cd ca bi benh tir 0,4 - 0,7 kg/con.
- Qudng Ninh: Cd gid bi chit khdng rd nguyen nhdn tuong ddi nhieu 200 hg nudi, cd song bl chet dau thang 5 den thdng 8 dien tich khdng dang ke
- Hai Phdng: 0,46 ha ca vugc xet nghiem phat hien virus hoai hi thdn kinh (VNN).
1.2.4. Benh tren ngheu, ngao
- Benh xudt hien tai 9 xa thudc 7 huyen cua 6 tinh. Tdng dien tich bi benh la 1.560,69 ha, bao gdm: Hdi Phdng (102 ha), Thanh Hda (155 ha), Nghe An (2,5 ha), Tiln Giang (1.121,19 ha), Trd
Vinh (60 ha) va Bac Lieu (120 ha). Thdi gian mac benh cua ngheu tap trung vdo thang 4/2013.
Qua phdn tich cho thdy ky sinh triing Perkinsus khdng phai la tac nhdn gay benh, dieu kien mdi trudng thay ddi cd thi Iam cho ngheu, ngao hi gidm sue de khdng.
- Chi cyc thu y Hai Phdng cudi thdng 3 den cudi thang 4 da thu 162/222 mdu ngao cam nhiem vdi vi khudn Vibrio sp, phan lap dugc VI khuan V.alginolyticus, V. splendidus va
V.parahaemolyticus cd the la tac nhan co lien quan den hien tugng ngao chet tai Cat Hai, Hdi Phdng. Ket qud nudi edy ky sinh tning Perkinsus: cac mau ngao kiem tra deu khdng nhiem loai ky sinh triing ndy.
- Trong thdng 3 ngheu nudi tai Tien Giang vd Ben Tre bi chet nhieu. Cy the tai Tien Giang:
Ngheu nudi d khu vuc xa Tdn Thanh, huySn Go Cdng Ddng cd hien tugng chet, dien tich thiet hai ngheu nudi chiem hon 72% di6n tich nudi, ty Ie thiet hai tii 50-100%; Tai Bin Tre, hien tugng ngheu chet bat ddu xdy ra cue bd tai cac hgp tac xa ngheu thudc dia ban huyen Binh Dai, Ba Tri vd Thanh Phii, chi xdy ra d mgt sd hgp tac xa nhu Ddng Tdm, Tdn Thuy, Binh Minh, thiet hai nang nhat la hgp tac xa Ddng Tam huyen Binh Dai.
- Trong thang 4, Thanh Hda 157 ha ngao cung bi benh chua xac dmh dugc nguyen nhdn;
Tai Nghe An: Benh KST Perkinsus sp d ngao da xay ra tai xa Nghi Thiet, huyen Nghi Ldc vdi dien tich bi benh Id 2,5 ha; Tai Bac Lieu vdo cudi thdng 4/2013, ngheu nudi tai Hop tdc xa Thang Loi - phudng Nha Mat - Tp. Bac Lieu - tinh Bac Lieu, cd xudt hien ngheu chet tren tong dien tich nudi 120 ha; udc tinh sd lugng ngheu thiet hai khoang 150-180 tan loai ngheu 90 con/
kg; ty Ie thiet hai khoang 70%) sdn lugng.
L2.5. Nhan dinh tinh hinh cdc bfnh tren cac lodi thiiy sdn khdc
Nhin chung trong 10 thdng ddu nam 2013, dich benh tten cdc lodi thuy san khdc van diln ra rai rac, khdng phdt triln thanh djch. Thi?t hai chu yeu do bien ddng thdi tilt, d nhilm moi
KHOA HOC KY THUAT THU Y T^P XXI SO 1 - 2014
trudng. Mat khac. khi mdi trudng khdng tdt Idm thiiy sdn gidm sue de khdng, tao dieu kien thuan Igi cho mdm benh phat trien vd gdy benh. De han che thiet hai do dich benh, cdc dia phuong cdn cd ke hoach phdng chdng dich benh, ddy manh viec gidm sdt vung nudi nhdm phat hien sdm, kip thdi ngudn benh, ddng thdi xac djnh chinh xdc cdc yeu td nguy co Idm dich benh phat trien nhdm dua ra cdc bien phap phdng chdng b?nh chinh xac, kip thdi vd hieu qud. Tang cudng cdng tac hudng ddn ngudi nudi cdc bien phap phdng chdng dich benh, tao sir chu ddng ling phd benh cho ngudi nudi.
II. KET QUA CONG TAC PHONG CHONG DICH BENH
2.1. Cong tac xSy dimg van ban
- Da cd nhieu van ban dugc Bd Ndng nghiep vd Cue thii y ky ban hdnh de trien khai cac bien phdp phdng chdng djch benh thuy san.
- Cue thii y da dl xudt vdi Bd Ndng nghiep va PTNT CO van ban gici UBND cac tinh, thanh phd hire thudc Trung uong ve viec trien khai dong bd cac bien phap phdng chdng dich benh thiiy san.
- Hien nay. Cue thu y dang tap trung cho cdc vdn ban sau:
+ Hoan thien Du thdo Thdng tu ve phdng chdng dich benh thuy sdn (du kien thay the Thdng tu sd 36).
+ Xay dung Du thdo Thdng tu quy dinh phdng chdng dich benh tren tdm hum nudi.
+ Xay dung Du thdo Thdng tu quy dinh co sd san xudt gidng, nudi trdng thuy sdn an todn dich benh.
+ Hodn thien Dy thao Thdng tu qui djnh cac bi?n phdp phdng, chdng djch benh tdm nudi (du kien thay thi Thdng tu sd 52).
2.2. Thong nhat ve h? thong quan ly nha nudc vd nhan lyc I^m cdng tac thu > thiiy san
Tir ndm 2008 den nay, nhdm thuc hien nhiem vu quan ly nhd nudc ve cdng tac thii y thiiy sdn mdt each thdng nhat, cd hieu qud theo quy dmh cua phdp luat Viet Nam vd Td chuc thu y the gidi (OIE), Bd Ndng nghiep vd PTNT da phdi hgp vdi Uy ban nhdn ddn cdc tinh, thanh phd true thudc Trung uong chi dao cdc co quan chuyen mdn chuyen giao nhiem vy thu y thuy sdn cho Chi cue thii y dua tren nhirng co sd phdp ly sau ddy:
- Thdng tu lien tich sd 6I/2008/TTLT-BNN- BNV ngdy 15/5/2008 ciia Bg Ndng nghiep vd Phdt tnen ndng thdn vd Bd Ndi vu ve hudng ddn chiic ndng, nhiem vu, quyen ban vd co cdu td chiic cua co quan chuyen mdn thudc Uy ban nhdn ddn cap tinh, cap huyen vd nhiem vu qudn ly nhd nudc cua UBND edp xd ve ndng nghiep vd phdt trien ndng thdn. Trong dd, quy dinh:
Chuc nang quan ly nhd nudc ciia Chi cue thii y cdc tinh, thanh phd true thugc Trung uong bao gom cd thu y thuy sdn.
- Thdng m lien tich sd 37/2011/TTLT-BN- NPTNT-BNV ngdy 23/5/2011 cua Bd Ndng nghiep vd PTNT va Bd Ndi vu vl hudng ddn chuc ndng, nhiem vy, quyen ban vd co cdu to chuc ciia Chi cue thii y true thudc Sd Ndng nghiep va PTNT. Trong dd quy dinh: Chi cyc thii y chiu trdch nhim ihuc hien chuc ndng quan ly nha nuac ve thit y, bao gom cd thu y thuy sdn.
- Quyet dinh sd 19/2008/QD-BNN ngdy 28/01/2008 cua Bd Ndng nghiep va PTNT quy dinh vl chuc nang, nhiem vy, quyen ban vd co cdu td chiic ciia Cyc thii y. Trong dd, quy dinh' Chiic nang, nhiem vu cua Cue thii y bao gom cd ITnh virc phong chong dich benh thuy sdn, kiem dich thuy sdn vd qudn ly thuoc thu y thuy sdn.
- Quylt dinh sd 1427/QD-BNN-TCCB ngay 20/5/2009 cua Bd hirdng Bd Ndng nghiep vd PTNT ve phdn cdng nhiem vy thu y thuy sdn cho Cyc thii y. Trong do cd ngi dung: Giao cho Cue thii y huong ddn ca quan thii y thugc Sd Nong nghiep vd Phdt trien nong thon cdc linh.
thdnh phd thuc hien viec phong chong dich
KHOA HQC KY THUAT T H U Y TAP XXI SO 1 - 2014
benh thuy sdn. kiem dich thuy sdn vd qudn ly thuoc thu y thiiy sdn.
Do do, he thong qudn ly nhd nudc vd nhdn lire ldm cong tdc thu y thuy sdn hien nay nhir sau:
a) d Trung wffng: Cue thii y hien cd 12 cdn bd Idm cdng tac thu y thuy sdn (phdng chdng dich benh thiiy sdn) vdi trinh do chuyen mdn gdm: 3 tien sy, 1 thae sy thii y, 5 ky su NTTS va 3 Bac sy thu y. Cdc Trung tam chuyen nganh, Co quan thii y vung, Chi cyc Kiem dich ddng vdt thudc Cue thii y, mdi dem vi cd tir 4 den 6 can bd chuyen trdch thuc hien nhiem vy thii y thuy sdn.
b) & dia phuang
- Den nay da cd 52/63 tinh, thdnh phd chuyen giao toan bd nhiem vy thii y thiiy sdn cho Chi cyc thu y; cdn 3/63 tinh (gdm Bin Tre, VTnh Long, Cd Mau) da chuyen giao mgt phan nhiem vu thu y thuy san cho Chi cue thii y; vd 8/63 tinh, thdnh phd (Ha Ndi, Hai Duong, Khanh Hda, Quang Nam, Trd Vinh, Ddng Nai, Binh Thudn, Binh Phudc) chua chuyen giao nhiem vu thil y thiiy sdn cho Chi cue thu y.
- Theo sd lieu thdng ke so bd cua 57 tinh, thdnh phd den nay cac don vi dugc giao nhiem vu qudn ly nhd nudc ve thu y thuy sdn cd tdng sd 511 can bd, phan theo cdc trinh do chuyen mdn nhu sau: 204 can bd Id ky su nudi trdng thuy sdn; 150 cdn bd la Bac si thu y vd ky su chan nudi da dugc tham gia cdc ldp dao tao ve TYTS; 19 ky su dugc dao tao chuyen ngdnh ve benh thuy san; vd sd cdn lai Id cac cu nhdn sinh hgc va cac ITnh vuc khac. Rieng tinh Bac Kan va Lam Ddng chua bd tri dugc can bd thuc hien nhiem vu thii y thuy sdn. Nhin chung, sd can bd da tang len dang ke so vol sd lieu thdng ke nam 2010 (chi cd 206 can bg lam cdng tac thu y thiiy sdn, thdng ke d 52 dia phuong).
2.3. Cac hoat dong phdng chdng dich 2.3.1 Cdng tdc kiem tra, don doc, chi dao phong chong dich benh
- Lanh dao Bd Ndng nghiep va PTNT dac biet quan tdm vd da true tiep chi dao cdng tdc phdng chong dich benh thuy san. Cu the, Eg trudng da chi dao va giao cho Cue thu y td chiic kilm tra cdng tdc phdng chdng dich benh thuy sdn tai cac dia phuong trgng diem ve nudi trdng thiiy san. Tren co sd do, tir giiia thang 8/2013 din ngdy 6/I0/20I3, Cue thu y da thdnh lap 8 Dodn cdng kiem tra thuc t l tai 14 tinh, thdnh phd true thugc Tmng uong, gdm: Binh Dinh, Phii Yen, Khanh Hda, Ninh Thuan, Binh Thudn, TP. Hd Chi Minh, Bin Tre, Tiln Giang, VTnh Long, Cdn Tho, Trd Vinh, Sdc Trang, Bac Lieu va Ca Mau. Cue thu y da bdo cdo Bd Ndng nghiep va PTNT, ddng thdi de xuat Bg cd van ban giri UBND cac tinh, thanh phd ve viec trien khai ddng bd cac bien phdp phdng chdng dich benh thuy sdn.
- Ngoai ra, lanh dao Cue thii y, cdc Co quan thu y viing thudng xuyen di kiem tra, ddn doc cdng tac phdng, chdng dich tai cdc tinh trgng diem ve nudi trdng thuy san. Trong qud trinh kiem tra, cac Doan cdng tdc phat hien nhihig tdn tai, bdt cap trong cdng tac phdng chdng dich benh thuy san (thdng ke, bdo cdo, khai bao, xac dinh, chdn dodn benh,...), quan ly kiem dich thuy san gidng, he thdng chan doan, xet nghiem;
Dodn cdng tdc da gdp y, hudng dan, cung cap cdc tai lieu,... cho co quan lien quan cua dia phuong de cd giai phap khac phuc nhiing ton tdn, bdt cap
2.3.2 Cong tdc gidm sdt phdt hifn sdm cdc loqi dich benh, xdc dinh nguyen ngdn gdy b^nh
- Da vd dang trien khai chuong trinh gidm sdt benh hoai tu gan tuy cap tinh va ddm trdng tr^n tdm tai cdc tinh: Thai Binh, Sde Trdng, Bac Lieu va Ca Mau.
- Da va dang trien khai gidm sdt benh k>' sinh triing Perkinsus tren ngheu tai Bin Tre va Tien Giang.
- Da vd dang tx'ihrv khai gidm sdt benh gan than mii tren ca tra tai cdc tinh: An Giang va Ddng Thdp.
KHOA HQC KY THUAT THU Y TAP XXI SO 1 - 2014
- Phdi hgp vdi Du an CRSD tien hanh khao sat tai 8 tinh trien khai du dn, tren ca sd khdo sat thuc te, du kien xdy d\rag va trinh ban hdnh ke hoach gidm sat vdo thdng 11/2013; Mat khdc, sau khi cd dugc dfl lieu ve dich benh, dfl lieu ve nudi trdng se xay dung ke hoach khung qudc gia ve gidm sdt dich b?nh thuy sdn.
- Dd tranh thii kip thdi su hd trg giiip do cua cac td chiic qudc tl (OIE, FAO, NACA va Trudng Dai hgc Arizona cua Hoa Ky) trong viec xdc dinh nguyen nhdn gdy benh hoai tu gan tuy edp tinh tren tdm. Cu thi. Cue thii y da de nghi va dugc FAO hd trg du an "Ho tra khdn cap de khong che dich benh khdng ro nguyen nhdn tren torn tai Viet Nam " vdi ky hieu TCP/
VIE/3304. Trong khudn khd du dn ndy, trong thdng 9 va thang 10/2012, Cue thii y da td chuc 3 dgt Idy mdu tai cdc tinh Sdc Trdng, Bac Lieu va Cd Mau vd Idy 181 mdu (gdm 60 mdu ddu tdm, 60 mdu mang vd chdn boi, 61 mdu nudc vd chat biin ddy ao) de giri sang phdng thi nghiem tham chieu cua OIE t^i Trudng Dai hgc Arizona ciia Hoa Ky vd Dai hgc Mihidol cua Thai Lan de tien hdnh phdn tich, xac dinh tdc nhdn gdy benh.
Ngdy 19/4/2013, Gido su Lightber cua Trudng Dai hgc Arizona ciia Hoa Ky da thdng bdo chinh thiic kit qua xac dinh dugc tac nhdn gdy b?nh hoai tir gan bay edp tinh d Viet Nam Id do vi khudn Vibrio parahaemolyticus cd mang phage.
Sau khi bao cdo Bd trudng Bd Ndng nghiep va PTNT (cdng van sd 651 /TY-TS ngdy 23/4/2013) vd dugc su Bd trudng ddng y, ngdy 09/5/2013, Cue thii y da cd cdng vdn sd 737/TY-TS giii Sd Nong nghiSp vd PTNT, Chi cue thii y, Chi cyc nudi trdng thiiy sdn vd Chi cyc thiiy sdn cac tinh, thdnh phd true thugc Trung uong vl viec thdng bdo tac nhdn gdy b?nh Hgi chung hoai tir gan tyy tren tdm (EMS/AHPNS). Tilp do, ngdy 25- 27/2013, Cyc thu y phdi hgp vdi FAO hgp tdng kit di; dn TCP/VIE/3304 neu tt-en.
2.3.3 Chdn dodn, xet nghifm benh thuy sdn Hien nay. cd nude cd 25 tinh cd Phdng thu nghiem ndng nghiep dang boat ddng nhung mdi c6 13 phdng thir nghiem dugc cdng nhan vd sd
lugng chi tieu benh xet nghiem dugc vdn cdn han chi (Phu luc 4). Cdc phdng thir nghiem thudc Cue thu y da cd du nang lire chan dodn hau het cdc benh thuy san quan trgng, bdng cdc ky thudt hien dai nhu ELISA, PCR vd gidi ninh br gien. Dac biet, Phdng thii nghiem tham chilu qudc gia thudc Co quan thu y vung VI dd tham gia mang ludi cdc phdng thu nghiem ciia NACA va da dugc mang ludi ndy danh gid rdt cao vl ndng lire chdn doan xet nghiem benh thiiy sdn.
Cdc phdng thii nghiem thudc cac Chi cue cd khd ndng xet nghiem cdc loai dich benh thdng thudng de phuc vu cdng tdc phdng chdng dich benh tai cdc dja phucmg.
2.3.4 Cong tdc kiem dich thuy sdn Sau khi nhiem vu thii y thuy san dugc chuyen giao cho ngdnh thii y, cdng tde kiem dich thuy sdn da dugc trien khai trong todn bg he thdng tir trung uong den dja phuong (trir mdt sd tinh chua giao nhiem vy thu y thuy sdn cho co quan thu y edp tinh, Phu luc 3). He thdng kilm dich thuy san trong toan bd he thdng khdng ngimg dugc ciing cd va ndng edp ke ca ve ngudn nhdn lire cung nhu co sd vdt chdt nhdm ddp ung dugc yeu cdu qudn ly vd thuc tien sdn xudt, gdp phan dam bdo ngdn ehdn, phdng chdng dich benh tren thuy san vd ddm bdo an toan thuc pham ddi vdi cdc sdn phdm thiiy sdn. Trong nhflng ndm gdn ddy hoat ddng luu thdng con gidng thiiy sdn khdng ngirng gia tang, theo bdo cdo ciia cac Chi cyc thii y, ndm 2011, ngdnh thii y da thuc hi?n kiem dich van chuyen trong nudc 1.101,361.068 con gidng thuy sdn cdc loai, den ndm 2012 da thuc hien kilm dich 3.298.304.596 con gidng thuy sdn vd nira ddu nam 2013 Id 2.142.614.000 con gidng thuy san cdc loai (nhung tinh chua chuyen giao cdng tac kiem djch thuy san ve Chi cue thu y nen sd lieu kiem dich chua ddy dii).
2.3.5 Cdng tdc qudn ly thudc thuy sdn - Vigc kilm tra chung nhdn dii dieu kien sdn xudt, kinh doanh thudc thu y, che phdm sinh hgc, vi sinh vdt, hoa chdt diing U-ong thii y, thii y thuy sdn dugc thuc hien theo quy dinh t?i Thdng tu 51/2009/TT-BNNPTNT ngdy 21/8/2009, Cdc
KHOA HOC KY THUAT THO Y TAP XXI S 6 1 - 2014
CO sd sdn xuat thudc dugc thdm dinh va phai dam bdo dat cac tieu chudn ve ve sinh thu y, ve nhdn su, trang thiet bi sdn xuat, kiem tra chat lugng san pham trong sdn xudt, kinh doanh trude khi dugc edp phep.
- De dam bdo chat lugng thudc thu y sdn xuat trong nudc, nham dat 3 tieu chi ve chat lugng, an todn vd hieu lire. Bd Ndng nghiep vd PTNT da ban hanh Thdng tu sd 07/2012/TT- BNNPTNT, ngdy 13/02/2012, quy djnh Id trinh trien khai ap dyng GMP trong san xuat thudc thii y bao gdm thudc y thuy sdn. Ket qua den thdi dilm 30/8/2013 da cd: 42 Doanh nghiep sdn xuat thudc thii y dat tieu chuan GMP. Dy kien den cudi nam 2013, cd khodng 45 Doanh nghiep dat tieu chuan GMP.
- Quan ly dang ky thudc thu y: Thudc thu y thuy sdn dugc phep sdn xudt, nhap khdu luu hanh tai Viet Nam phai dugc dang ky luu hanh theo quy djnh tai Thdng tu sd 20/2011/TT- BNNPTNT, ngay 06/4/2011. Cac loai thudc thu y thiiy san dugc Cyc thii y cap giay chung nhdn luu hdnh cd trong Danh myc thudc thu y thuy sdn dugc phep luu hdnh do Bg Ndng nghiep va Phdt trien ndng thdn ban hanh Id cdc sdn phdm da dugc CO quan quan ly nhd nudc ve thu y kiem nghiem, thii nghiem, khao nghiem vd dugc Hdi ddng khoa hgc chuyen ngdnh thudc thii y thuy sdn ddnh gid dat yeu cdu ve chdt lugng, an todn va hieu qud.
- Thanh tra, kiem tra tai cdc co sd san xuat, kinh doanh thudc thii y thiiy san: Cue thii y vd Chi cyc thil y cdc tinh /thanh phd hang nam deu td chiic cdc dodn thanh tra, kiem tra tai edc CO sd sdn xudt, kinh doanh thudc thii y. Ngoai viec kiem tra dieu kien kinh doanh thudc thii y theo quy djnh tai Phdp lenh thu y 2004, Nghi dmh 33/2005/ND-CP vd cdc Thdng ttr hudng dan ciia Bd Ndng nghiep vd PTNT (Thdng tu 51/2009/TT-BNNPTNT; Thdng ttr 14/2011/TT- BNNPTNT), Cue thu y cdn Idy mdu thudc thu y thuy san dang luu hdnh tren thi trudng de phdn tich kiem tra chdt lugng.
2.3.6 Dir trii- qudc gia ve hoa chdt cho phong chong dich benh thuy sdn
Trudc nam 2009, nhd nudc chua cd dy dii qudc gia ve hda chat cho phdng chdng dich benh thuy sdn. Tir nam 2009 den nay, Cue thii y da tham muu cho Bd Ndng nghiep va Phdt trien ndng thdn trinh Thu tudng Chinh phii cho phep du trir hda chdt de phdng chdng dich benh thuy sdn, dd xudt cap tdng cgng 1.616 tan hda chat sat triing Chlonne (khdng thu rien) hd trg cac dia phuong phdng chdng dich benh thuy sdn. Hdng nam, can cii nhu cau du trfl va du toan ngdn sach nha nudc, Bd Ndng nghiep vd Phdt trien nong thdn phdi hgp vdi Bg Tai chinh va Bd Ke hoach va Ddu tu bao cdo Thu tudng Chinh phu trinh Qudc hdi cho phep mua bd sung va mua tang boa chdt du trii phdng ehdng dich benh thiiy san.
Hda chat du tru' qudc gia dugc Bg Ndng nghiep vd Phdt trien ndng thdn kiem nghiem chdt lugng va hudng dan cac dia phuomg quan ly, su dyng theo diing quy dinh.
2.3.7 Ve ddo tao, tap hudn ndng cao ndng luc chuyen mon thii y thiiy sdn
Tir nam 2008 den nay, Cyc thii y da phdi hgp vdi cdc don vi lien quan td chirc 42 ldp dao tao tap huan cho hon 1.123 lugt cdn bg ldm edng tac thu y thuy sdn d edp xa, huyen, tinh ve nhiing kien thuc ca ban den chuyen sdu lien quan din dich benh thuy san, chan dodn xet nghiem sir dyng cdc ky thudt sinh hgc phdn tir, tdng hgp, phan tich dir Heu dich benh va xay dung ban dd dich tl dich benh thuy sdn (Phu luc 5), Do dd, ddi ngu cdn bd lam cdng tdc thu y thuy san da va dang phat huy nang luc, kinh nghi?m de hoan thdnh tdt cac nhiem vu dugc giao. Thong qua cac chuong trinh, du an. Cue thu y cung da td chuc nhieu ldp ddo tao cho ndng ddn, cgng tdc vien lam cdng tdc khuyen ndng ve cdng tac phdng chdng djch benh tren tdm nudi d mgt sd tinh trgng diem.
Ve hop tdc quoc te trong thuy thuy sdn Vdi nhung kinh nghiem frong phdng chdng dich benh d ddng vdt tren can. Cue thii y dd chii
KHOA HQC KY THUAT THU Y TAP XXI SO 1 - 2014
dgng de nghi va hgp tac vdi cde td chuc qudc te nhu OIE, NACA, FAO vd cdc nudc cd the manh ve thu y thiiy sdn. Tren co sd dd. Cue thii y da nhan dugc nhieu hd trg cua qudc te, dien hinh nhu:
- Du an "Ho tra khdn cap de khong che dich b^nh khong ro nguyen nhdn tren torn tai Viet Nam " do FAO tdi trg vdi ky hieu TCP/VIE/3304.
Dvt an dl giiip Cyc thii y xdc dinh dugc nguyen nhdn gdy benh hoai tu gan tuy edp tinh tren tdm d Vi^tNam Id do vi khudn Vibrio parahaemolyticus c6 mang phage. Mat khdc, du an ciing giiip Cyc thu y td chirc hdng loat ldp tap huan ve dich benh thuy san, xay dimg chuong ttinh qudc gia phdng chong dich benh thuy san.
- OIE vd NACA da rat tin nhiem vd dl nghj Viet Nam dimg ra td chiic Hdi nghi Idn thir 9 vl benh thiiy sdn khu vuc chau A (9th Symposium on Diseases in Asian Aquaculture), du kiln se dien ra tai thanh phd Ho Chi Mmh vao thdng 11 nam 2014. Cue thu y da bdo cdo vd dugc Bd Ndng nghiep vd PTNT ddng y cho dang cai td chiic hgi nghi.
- Tdng gidm ddc OIE cung dd ddng y va de ngbl Viet Nam dang cai td chirc Hdi nghi toan cau ve thu y thiiy san, du kien dugc td chuc tai Viet Nam vdo nam 2015. Cue thii y da bdo edo Bd Ndng nghiep vd PTNT
PHU LgC 1: BANG T 6 N G HOP SO LIEU DICH BENH HOAI TU" GAN TUY (HTGT) VA 0 6 M T R A N G TAI C A C OIA PHUONG TRONG N X M 2012 VA 2013
TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Tinh
Th^nh pho Hal Phong T[nh Nam Djnh Tinh Thai Binh Tint! Nmh Binh Tinh Quang Ninh Tinh Thanh Hoa TlnhNgh^An Tinh Ha TTnh Tinh Quang Binh Tinh Quang Tn Tinh Thira Thien-Hue Tinh Quang Nam Tinh Quang Ngai Tinh Binh Dmh Tinh Phil Yen Tinh Khanh Hda Thanh pho Ho Chi Mmh Tinh Ninh ThuSn Tinh D6ng Nai Tinh Binh Thuan
Nam 2012 tioai tif gan tuy 0,7
99,92 19,56 5,41 14,62
15,4
21,1 59,85 509,34 39,8
Dom trang
1,8
6,75 115,7 4,46 13,9 5,8 1,35 0,22 17,8 7,5 44,24
Tong so 0,7 1,8 0 0 0 0 106,67 135,26 9,87 28,52 5,8 0 16,75 0,22 17,8 28,6 104,09 509,34 0 39,3
Nam 2013 ttoai tip gan tuy 2,5
572 80,51 5,3 20,1 70,524
43,4 33 9,85 78,02
Dom trang 1,54
60 50,75 152,7 1,7 238 18,35 101 17,62 32,72 51,08 177,14 60,04 8,4 52,29 40,5 63,94 3,34 20
Tong so 4,04 60 50,75 152,7 573,7 238 98,86 106,3 37,72 103,244 51,08 177,14 60,04 8,4 105,69 73,5 73,79 81,36 20 0
KHOA HOC KY THUAT THU Y TAP XXI S6 1 - 2014
TT
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
Tinh
Tinh Ba Ria-VOng Tau Tinh Long An Tinh Tien Giang Tinh Ben Tre Tinh Kien Giang Tinh Tra Vinh Tinh Soc Trang Tinh Bac Lieu Tinh Ca IVIau Tong so (ha)
Nam 2012 Ho^i tu- gan tuy
162,07 793,92
5813,32 10880,38 9294,94 274,89 28005,22
Dom tring
0,6 3,32 474,17 17,1 649,62 6863,01 354,6 149,761 8731,701
Tong s6 0 0,6 165,39 1268,09 17,1 6462,94 17743,39 9649,54 424,651 36736,921
Nam 2013 Hoai tir gan tuy 14,47 272,26 10,2 193,65 100 2294,965
1258,053 646,006 5704,808
Dom trang 3,5 584,35 70,57 935,02 48,8 3432,315 657,71 5120,06 128,152 12141,587
rong s6 17,97 856,61 80,77 1128,67 148,8 5727,28 657.71 6378,113 774,158 17846,4
HOI THAO KHOA HQC
"Nghien cihi benh torn va sir phat trien b^n vrnig nghS nuoi torn a Viet Nam"
Ngay 7 thang 11 nam 2013, Hgi thu y Viet Nam phdi hgp vdi Cue thii y da t6 chuc Hgi thao khoa hgc:
"Nghien cuu benh torn va su phat trien ben vung nghe nuoi torn d Viet Nam" tai khach san Ninh Kieu, thanh pho Can Tha.
Tham du Hgi thao co 115 d^i bieu dai dien cho cac to chiic, don vi dSn tii Hpi thii y Viet Nam; Cue thii y va cac don vi tnic thuoc Cue; Vu Khoa hgc, Cong nghe va Mdi trudng, Bp Nong nghi?p va PTNN, Sd Ndng nghiep va PTNT, Chi cue thii y, Chi cue nudi trdng thiiy sdn cua 26 tinh/thanh ven bifin; Vien thu y, Vien NC nuoi trong thuy san 2, 3; Trudng DH Can Tho; cac Hiep hpi, Cong ty lien quan d6n san xudt thuoc thii y, san xuat tom giong va nuoi torn va cac nhd khoa hpc nghien ciiu vi benh thdy sdn.
Trong thdi gian dien ra Hoi thdo da co 5 bao cao ve nghien ciiu benh tdm: Hgi chiing ho^i tli gan tuy cip tinh tren tom (Nguyin Th^ Hi^n, Cue thii y), Vi khudn Vibrio tren torn nudc lp gian doan du triing tai cac tinh mien Trung (Vo Van Nha, Vien nghien ciiu NTTS 3); Anh hudng cua probiotic tren kha nSng khang benh cua torn (Vo Van Scm, Cong ty VEMEDIM), Khao sat mpt s6 benh nguy hiim tren tom the chan tring nudi tai Cdn Gid, TP HCM (Ly Thi Thanh Loan), M6t s6 ySu td mdi trudng lien quan dSn sy hinh thanh hpi chiing hoai tii gan tuy edp d torn nuoi (Truong Qudc Phii, DH Cdn Tha). Ngodi ra con 3 bao cao ve kinh nghiem san xuat torn (Hiep hpi tdm My Thanh); Kinh nghiem phong benh hoai tu gan tyy d torn nudi (Cong ty Bayer) va kinh nghiem ucrm nuoi torn trong ao co mdi che (Cong ty CP Vi^t Nam).
Hpi nghi cung da nghe 21 bai tham luan, binh luan chii yeu ciia cac nha khoa hgc tham du hpi thao. I Ddy la cupc hgi thao khoa hpc v^ benh tdm va phat tridn nuoi torn bdn vihig d Vi^t Nam rdt thanh cong, dd mang den nhilu thong tin khoa hoc, kinh nghiem vk sdn xudt tom rdt b6 ich gnip cho cac nhd quan ly, khoa hgc, san xuat tdm chuan bi tot hen cho m6t miia nuoi torn mdi trong nam 2014.
Hdi thil y Vi^t Nam xin chan thanh cdm cm nha tai trg chinh - Cong ty VEMEDIM da ung hg Hpi thao tren 200 tneu dong va nhdn luc phuc vy mgi dieu kien cdn thiSt di t6 chirc Hoi thao. Hgi ciing xin cam cm edc cong ty, cdc nha khoa hgc, cac dai bieu tham du Hpi thao da ho trg ve vat chit, tinh thdn cho sy thanh cdng cua Hgi thao,
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