I Chao mifng Ngay KH&CN Viet Nam
CUM DE TAI NL/(3C N G A M Giai quyat bai toan nirdic sinii iioat Giio ngirdi dan vung nui cao, viing kiian iiiim mk
GS.TS Nguyin Vu Viet, PGS.TS Nguygn Thanh Bang Vien Khoa hoc Thijy lOJ Vi&t Nam
Nhu cau s(^dung nu'dc ngay cang tang nhUng do nhieu nguyen nhan khac nhau nguon nUdc ngay cang bj han che, dac biet la b nhflng vung nui cao, vung l(han hiem nU6c. De giai quyet van de nay, Bp Khoa hoc va Cong nghe (KH&CN) da giao cho Vien Khoa hoc Thuy ldi Viet Nam thi/c hien cum de tai "Nghien cOu li'ng dung cong nghe xif ly va cap ni/dc sach thich ifng v6i dieu kien vung nui cao, vung khan hiem nu'dc". Ket qua thUc hien da xac djnh diTdc cac giai phap cong nghe phu hdp va xay diing thanh cong mpt so mo hinh cap nUdc sach, gop phan giai quyet nhu cau nUdc sinh hoat cho ngUdI dan tai nhieu vijng tren ca ni/dc.
T
huc hien Quyet dmh sd 264/QD-TTg ngay 2/3/2015 cija Thu tudng Chi'nh phu ve viec phe duyet ChUPng trinh dieu tra, tim kiem nguon nUdc dudi dat de cung cap nudc sinh hoat d cac vung niii cao, viing khan hiem nUdc, Bo KH&CN da giao cho Vien Khoa hoc Thuy ldi Viet Nam thuc hien cum de tai"Nghien cUu Ung dung cdng nghe xii ly va cap nudc sach thfch Ung vdi dieu kien vung niil cao, viing khan hiem nudc"
(gpi tat la cum de tai nUdc ngam) vdi muc tieu xac djnh giai phap cdng nghe, mo hinh xii ly va cap nudc sach phii hpp, cd ti'nh kha thi de ap dung tai cac vung nui cao, vung khan hiem nUdc. Cum de tai dupc thiic hien tai nhieu viing dja chat thiiy van khac nhau tren ca nudc nhu: nudc karstdkhu VLfc mien nui phia Bac; nUdc trong cac thau kinh nudc nhat d Viing cdn cat ven bien Trung Bp; nudc viing cat ven bien, Viing cd tram tich cuoi soi chda nude, viing cd cau true da nUt ne khu vUc Nam Trung Bp; nUdc tU cac mach Ip, trong cac thanh tao bazan khu vUc Tay Nguyen; nudc trong cac ddi nUt ne, tram tich bd rdi khu viic Nam Bo.
Xac djnh ro tam quan trong cua nhiem vu dupc giao, Vien da thanh l&p Ban chi dao cum de tai nudc ngam do Giam ddc Vien lam TrUdng ban; chu dpng phdi hdp vdi cac to chUc, chuyen gia dia chat thiiy van ngoai Vien tham gia ed van chuyen mdn va thuc hien nhiem vij nhu. TrUdng Dai hpc Md dia chat. Lien doan dja chat mien Trung, mien Nam, Hpi Oia chat thuy van Viet Nam.. Trong qua trinh then khai, Vldn thudng xuyen td chUc cac hpi thao khoa hoc de thao luan ve l<et qua thuc hien, dong thdi tranh thii sii gdp y Ciia cac chuyen gia, nha quan ly thudc Bp KHSCN, Bp Ndng nghiep va Phat tnen ndng then, Bd Tai Nguyen va Mdi trudng, eac dia phuong thupc vung nghien cUu de hoan thien cac san pham, dieu chinh cac md hinh cdng nghe cho phti hdp vdi thuc tien. Nhd vay Vien da xac dinh dUpc cac giai phap cdng nghe phu hpp va xay diing thanh cdng mdt
so md hinh cap nudc sach, gdp phan quan trpng vao giai quyet nhu cau nudc cho ddi sdng cua ngudi dan vung mii cao, viing khan hiem nudc.
Sau 4 nam thUc hien, ca 6 de tai thanh phan cua cum de tai nudc ngam da hoan thanh tdt cac npi dung, muc tieu de ra, nhieu san pham KH&CN ndi bat dUdc ling dyng vao thiic t i l n giiJp giai quyet nhu cau nudc cho ngUdi dan nhieu vung tren ca nUdc. Cu the:
De tai "Ngliien edu de xuat cac mo ti'mh, giai phap cong nghe l<fiai thac va bao ve phat trien ben vQng nguon nddc karstptiuc vu cap nddc sinh hoat tai cac vung nu/ cao, klian tiiem nudc khu vu'c Bac 86": da xac djnh va danh gia dupc ilieu qua hoat dpng ciia cac md hinh, giai phap cdng nghe khai thac va bao ve nguon nude karst vung mii eao, khan hiem nudc khu vuc B&c Bp; xay dung dupc bp tieu chi lua chpn mo hinh, giai phap khai thac nUdc ngam karst ben vOng. Cac tieu chi nay dUdc ap dyng tryc tiep cho viing nghien cUu, dong thdi c6 the trien khai ap dung va nhan rong cho cac viing khac cd dieu kien tUdng tu. Tren cd sd cac ket qua nghien cUu, de tai da xay dUng dupc 2 md hinh cung cap nudc sach cho ngudi dan: 1) Md hinh thu gom, khai thac nguon nudc karst mach 16 bang hao thu nudc cd SLf dung bang thu nudc Waterbell, gom cac mach nudc trong dat, da d viing cao, khan hiem nudc. Md hinh nay da gdp phan cung cap nudc sinh hoat cho hang tram hp dan tai xa Chieng TUdng, huyen Yen Chau, tinh Sdn La, giup giai quyet hoan toan khd khan ve nudc an udng, sinh hoat;
11) Md hinh khai thac nguon nUdc karst ngam sii dung pin nang luong mat trdi bdm nUdc tii gieng khoan Ien be chUa roi phan phdi den cac hp tieu thu da cung cap nudc sinh hoat cho 50 hp dan va 5 try sd cd quan lam viec ciia huyen Ha Quang, tinh Cao Bang, giiip dia phUPng giai quyet mpt phan kho khan ve nudc an udng va sinh hoat.
ffi»N; lam
So 5 nam 2020Mo hinh thu gom, khai thac nguon nu'dc karst mach Id t^i Stin La.
De tai "Nghien edu de xuat mo hinh khai thac ben vdng thau kfnh nudc nhat trong cac con cat ven bien phuc vu cap nudc sinh hoat cho vung khan hiem nUdc khu vUc Bac Trung Bo": da xay dung dUdc ban dd phan bd eac thau kfnh nudc nhat dai cdn cat ven bien thudc 4 tinh Bac Trung Bd va danh gia chl tiet tai nguyen nudc (trU lupng khai thac tiem nang, trii lupng khai thac du bao) cho cac dai con eat nay. Tren cd sd phan tich, danh gia hieu qua cua eac giai phap/cdng nghe khai thac nudc hien tai trong cac thau kinh nudc nhat viing cdn cat ven bien, ket hdp vdi ket qua nghien cUu tren md hinh vat ly, md hinh sd , de tai da de xuat dUdc 3 giai phap/cdng nghe de Ung dung khai thac ben viing ngudn nudc trong cac dai cdn cat ven bien Bac Trung Bd. Tren cd sd dd, de xuat dinh hudng cac giai phap KH&CN trong cap nudc sinh hoat va san xuat cho eac xa khan hiem nUdc tren dia ban nghien cUu; xay dUng dupc 2 md hinh khai thac nudc phii hdp, hieu qua trong tang chda nudc ngot dang fhau kinh trong cac dai cdn cat ven bien, dap Ung nhu cau cap nudc smh hoat cho dan cU cac xa khan hiem nUdc viing ven bien, tren dja ban cac tinh khu vue Bac Trung Bd. Ket qua ciia de tai cd the chuyen giao cho tat ca cac dja phUdng cd cac dai eon cat chay dpc ven bien, hoac cac khu vuc cd bai ngang vdi dac diem cau tnic tUdng tu nhu tai tinh Quang Nam, Quang Ngai...
Ciiao mifng Ngay KH&CN Viet Nam I
De tai "Nghien cUu xay dUng mo hinh thu va lUu giif nudc phuc VIJ cap nudc sach hieu qua cho vung kho han khan hiem nudc Ninh Thuan - Binh Thuan": da xae djnh dUdc cac viing cd cau tnic chiia nude (viing cat ven bien, viing cd tram tich cudi sdi chiia nudc, viing cd cau tnic da nUt ne cd kha nang chUa nude) trong pham vi 2 tinh.
Lfng vdi moi cau tnic chUa nUdc, de tai da de xuat eac giai phap cdng trinh phu hpp de lUu giQ, chdng that thoat va khai thac kem theo. Cy the, vdi cau tnic da nUt ne, de tai kien nghj giai phap bd cap lam giau tang chUa nudc; vdi tram tfch cudi sdi lam dap ngam de chan giU; vdi viing cat ven bien can ap dung giai phap gieng tia, gieng khoi lay nudc thanh ben. Day la nghien ciiu dau tien thuc hien viec thu gom nude mua, nudc mat tren sUdn ddc, khe sudi dua vao long dat de bd sung trii lupng cho nudc dudi dat, tao tien de cho nghien cUu Ung dyng vao nhOng viing khac d nudc ta.
Ben canh dd, de tai da de xuat dUdc eac giai phap edng trinh phii hpp de luu glO, chdng that thoat nudc vaap dyng vao xay dyng 2 md hinh thCf nghiem tai xa My Thanh, huyen Ham Thuan Nam, tinh Binh Thuan. Trong dd, md hinh thu va lUu glO nudc trong ddi chiia nUdc tang sau da thyc hien viec thu gom nudc mUa, nudc mat tren sudn ddc, khe sudi dUa vao Idng dat de ho sung IUdng nUdc cho gieng khai thac hien bi ha thap myc nydc do khai thac qua mUc. Giai phap nay thich hpp vdi cac vung ndng thdn, mien niil d mien Trung va Tay Nguyen. Md hinh chan, lam cham dong chay, chdng that thoat nydc tang nong bang dap ngam da gdp phan bao dam nudc ngam cho Nha may nudc My Thanh hoat ddng du cdng suat (trUde day phai dUng hoat dpng trong 3 thang mua khd), dap Ung nhu cau nudc cDa ngudi dan dia phUdng.
M6 hinh khai thac nifdc Irong tang chiJa nifdc ngot dang thau kinh Doan cong tac cua Bo KH&CN kiem tra mo hinh cua de tai tai Binh trong cac dai con cat ven bien tai Quang Trj. Thuan.
So 5 nam 2020
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HOAHOC ipf \;imI Cfiao mifng Ngay KH&CN Viet Nam
De tai 'Nghien edu de xuat cac mo hinh thu gom, khai thac ben vdng nguon nudc mach 16 phuc vu cap nUdc sach cho cac vung nui cao, vung khan hiem nudc khu vuc Tay Nguyen": da dieu tra, xac dinh duoc gan 2.300 mach Ip tren 4 tinh Tay Nguyen. Cac mach 16 nay c6 tiem nang cung cap hpn 120 trieu m^nudc/nam, chiem 0,28%
tong lupng ddng chay; de xuat 10 loai md hinh thu gom khai thac ngudn nudc mach Id, eac mo hinh nay cd the ap dyng va nhan rpng cho ca khu vue Tay Nguyen de khai thac, bao ve ngudn nddc mach 16. Tren cd sd cac giai phap de xuat, de tai da xay dyng 2 mo hinh thu gom khai thac nguon nudc mach Ip. Vdi md hinh tai xa Quang Sdn, huyen Dak Giong, tinh Dak Nong, de tai da sii dung cac bang va dai^thu nudc ket hpp vdi be thu va tudng chan de dUa nudc ve 2 vj tri thap, gan vdi khu vyc dan cu. Mo hinh nay da dam bao ngudn nudc sinh hoat cho hang nghin ngudi dan viing khan hiem nudc. Md hinh tai xa A Ddk, huypn Dak Doa, tinh Gia Lai dUdc xay dung tren khu vUc nguon nudc xuat Id bj suy giam luu luong nen de tai da sii dyng cac bang thu nudc va hao de dUa nUdc ve be chUa, dam bao ngudn nudc sinh hoat cho gan 1.000 ngudi dan dja phUdng.
De tai "Nghien cUu de xuat cac mo hinh, giai phap cong nghe khai thac va bao ve nguon nudc trong cae thanh tao bazan, phuc vu cap nudc sinh hoat ben vdng tai cac vung nui cao, khan hiem nudc khu vuc Tay Nguyen": da tfnh toan dUdc ngudn nUdc d dang trO IUdng tmh tu nhien cua vung Tay Nguyen. Ngudn nudc nay dupc hinli thanh chii yeu trong cae ddi nUt ne, hdng hdc ciia thanh tao bazan, thanh tao lye nguyen va cac da xam nhap. Tdng IUdng nUdc tfch ehUa trong toan viing la 90 ty m^ va nguon bo cap eho nudc dUdi dat dupe hinh thanh tU mUa, ddng mat, ddng ngam la khoang 563 tneu m^ Ciing theo tinh toan thi trCf IUdng khai thac an toan cho toan khu vyc Tay Nguyen la 4,49 trieu m^ nudc/ngay. Tren cd sd ket qua nghien cUu, de tai da xay diing dupe ban dd hien trang va tiem nang nudc dudi dat cho ca khu vyc Tay Nguyen, de xuat dupc cac giai phap khai thae hieu qua va bao ve ngudn nUdc dudi dat trong cae thanh tao bazan d Tay Nguyen. Ddng thdi, xay dUng thanh cdng 2 md hinh cap nudc sinh hoat tai tinh Dak Ndng va Gia Lai, gdp phan cung cap nudc sinh hoat eho hang nghin ngUdi dan dia phUdng. Ket qua ciia de tai khdng chi giup eac dia phUPng khuvuc Tay Nguyen CO them giai phap khai thac nudc dudi dat ben vdng phuc vu ddi sdng ciia ngudi dan, ma cdn co kha nang nhan rpng ra cac dia phUdng khac cd dieu kien tUdng tu.
De tai "Nghien edu edng nghe va giai phap ky thuat de xti iy eae gieng khoan co hieu suat thap va muc nudc dong nim sau phuc vu cap nUde sach ben vUng cho cac vung khan hiem nudc khu vUc Nam Bo": da danh gia dupe nguyen nhan va thiic trang suy thoai cua cac gieng khoan, tren cd sd dd de xuat cac giai phap ky thuat phii hpp de
phuc hoi nang suat, chat lupng cac gieng khoan bl suy thoai; xay dyng hydng dan thi cdng cong nghe xd ly cac gieng khoan cd hieu suat thap va muc nudc dong nam sau... Cac ket qua nghien ciiu cua de tai con tao ed sd cho cdng tac quy hoach, lua chpn cdng nghe khai thac nudc dudi dat cho cac viing khd khan ve ngudn nUde vdi dja chat cd thanh tao bd rdi va da cUng mit ne dac trUng cua vung Nam Bp. Ap dyng cac giai phap vao thiic tien, de tai da thyc hien thanh cong mpt sd m6 hinh thii nghiem XLf ly hien trang suy thoai luu lupng gieng khoan (xQ ly cdng trinh cd hieu suat thap va myc nudc dpng nSm sau d viing CO thanh tao bd rdi tai Long An; xii ly cdng trinh CO hieu suat thap va mUc nUdc ddng nSm sau thude vung khai thac trong da cUng nUt ne tai Binh Phude...}. Ket qua sau xii ly da lam tang lUu lypng khai thac 95% so vdi trudc, chat IUdng nudc ve cd ban dap Ung dUde tieu chuan nudc sinh hoat theo QCVN 02:2009/BYT
M6 hinh xu' ly cong trinh cd hieu sua't thap va mu'c nu'dc dong n^m sau 0! viing cd thanh tao bd rdi tai Long An.
V d i n h i e u san pham KH&CN ndi bat, tinh Ung dyng thyc tidn cao (ban dd phan bd va djnh hudng khai thac cac dang nude dUdi dat cho cac vung khan hiem nudc tren pham vi ea nUdc; 31 giai phap cdng nghe khai thae, XLf ly va cap nUde sach thieh Ung vdi dieu kien viing mil cao, vimg khan hiem nudc cho khu vyc mien nui phia BSc, mien Trung, Tay Nguyen va Nam Bd; 13 md hinh Ung dyng thii nghiem thanh cdng), cym de tai nudc ngam da gdp phan giai quyet hieu qua van de cap nudc smh hoat cho ddng bao vung khan hiem nude. Ddng thdi tao cd sd de Bp Ndng nghiep va Phat then ndng thdn, c^e dia phUdng trien khai nhan rong cac cdng trinh cap nudc cho ngudi dan viing mil cao, viing khan hiem nude kip thdi, phii hpp vahieu qua .^
