BArilioVAIIIlNUiypiIIEIIUO so DAC BIET/2018
ffNG DUNG CAC PHlftfNG PHAP VA BAI TAP TRONG GIANG DAY KY THUAT NHAY XA ITON THAN
CHO NAM SINH VIEN TRIfttNG DAI HOC DIEN LlfC
Tran Thanh Hoai*
Tom tat:
Bang cac phtrang phdp nghien CLPU khoa hpc thuang quy ehung toi bu-b-c d§u Ju-a chpn va ddnh gid du'p'c hi#u qua li-ng dyng h§ thong cdc bai tap bo trp* chuyen mon trong giang day ky thuat nhdy xa u-dn than cho sinh vi§n Tru'dng Dgi hpc Dien Lyc, qua do gop ph^n ndng cao cong tdc gido due the chat (GDTC) trong Nha tniong
TIP khoa: Cfng dgng, Phu'O'ng phdp, bdi tap, nhay xa u-o-n than, bai t|p b6 trg, sinh vien.
Application of methods and exercises in teaching the long jump's stride techniques for male students of Electric Power University
Summary:
By means of conventional scientific research, we initially selected and assessed the effectiveness of the system application of professional complementary exercises in teaching the long jump's stride techniques for students from Electric Power University, thereby helping to enhance the wotit of physical education at school.
Keywords: Application, methods, exercises, long jump, stride techniques, complementary
• exercises, students.
DAT VAN BE
Tniong Dai hpc Dien lire la mpt truang dai hpc da nganh, da ITnh vuc, c6 nhiem vu dao tao can bp khoa hpc cho sir nghiep phat trien kinh te xa hpi cua dat nuac. Trong ket cau phan phoi chuang trinh mon hpc GDTC, giang day npi dung the due cho sinh vien trucmg dai hpc Dien luc bat dau tu hpc ky 1 den hpc ky 5 cua moi khoa. Cau true mon GDTC gom eo 2 hpc trinh cho m6i ky. Npi dung nhay xa uon than duae
lan, so sinh vien dat diem kha, gioi chiem ty trpng rat thap. Nguyen nhan nay phan lan bat nguon tu phuang phap giang day va he thong bai tap bo trp dan dieu, thieu da dang. Vi vay, lua chpn duoc phuang phap giang day va h6 thong bai tap la het sue can thiet.
PHlMNe PHAP NGHIEN ClfU
Trong qua trinh nghien cim su dung cac phuang phap sau: Phuang phap phan tieh va tong hop tai lieu; Phuong phap phong van toa hpc a ky 2 cua nam hpc thu nhat, va la npi dung dam; Phuong phap kiem tra su pham; Phuong dupe dung de kiem tra ket thuc mon hpc.
Tuy nhien, qua thue tien giang day ky thuat nhay xa uan than cho sinh vien Truang dai hpc Dien Luc ehung toi thay rang phuang phap giang day va he thong bai tap bo tra ky thuat ung dung trong giang day rat thieu va chua toan dien cho timg giai doan cua ky thuat nhay xa iron than. Chinh vi vay, ket qua kiem tra danh gia eu6i ky thi s6 lugng sinh vien khong dat yeu ciu ca vk di§m ky thuat va diem thanh tich la r4t
phap thue nghiem su pham; Phuang phap toan hoc thong ke.
KET QUA NGHIEN CUfUVABAN LUAN 1. Nghien CLPU lu^a chon Phu'O'ng phap va bai tap trong giang day ky thuat nhay xa iran than cho nam sinh vien Tru'dng Dai hoc Dien lipc
1.1. Lira chpn phuong phdp gidng dqy ky thudt nhdy xa u&n thdn
Thong qua viec phan tieh, tong hgp cac tai
*ThS, Tru-ang Dgi hpc Di^n Lu-c; Email: [email protected]
BAI BAO KHOA HOC
lieu CO lien quan, di tai da xae dinh duoc 14 hanh phong van cac chuyen gia, giang vien, phuong phap duoc sii dung trong giang day ley HLV diSn Idnh. KSt qua phong v4n thu dtxt/c thuat nhay xa uon than. Nhim xae dinh co so nhu hinh bay tai bang 1.
thuc tiSn cua cac phuong phap, chiing toi da tien
Bang 1. Ket qua phong van lira chpn nhom Phu'O'ng phap gidng day ky thuat nhay xa u'&n than cho sinh vien tru'd'ng dai hoc dien lu>c (n = 36) TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Phu-ong phap Phirong phap dung IM noi Phirong phap trirc quan Phu'ong phap phan doan Phirong phap hoan chinh Phirong phap sira chira sai lam Phuong phap trinh tu Phuong phap Hen tuc Phuong phap tu hgc Phirong phap lap lai Phuong phap ngat quang Phucmg phap thay doi Phirong phap vong tron Phuong phap tro choi Phuong phap thi dau
Sir dyng
nii
36 36 26 25 36 13 12 7 34 12 10 32 7 4
100
%
100 73.33 70.00 100.00 36.10 33.30 19.40 94.40 33.30 27.80 88.90 19.40 11.10
Sir dung ft
m i
0 0 10 11 0 13 11 14 2 11 11 4 12 12
0.00
%
0.00 26.67 30.00 0.00 36.10 30.60 38.90 5.60 30.60 30.60 11.10 33.30 33.30
Khdng su- dung
m i
0 0 0 0 0 10 13 15 0 13 15 0 17 20
0.00
%
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.80 36.10 41.70 0.0 36.10 41.70 0.0 47.20 55.60 Tir ket qua thu duoc o bang 1 cho thay: Hau
het cac y kien deu lua chon sii dung cac nhom phuong phap in dam tren bang trong giang day ky thuat nhay xa uon than cho sinh vien Truong Dai hpc Dien lire {cac nhom phuong phap nay deu CO tren 70.00 % y kifa lira chon tro len).
Cac phuong phap tren dupe dk tai lua chpn ling dung trong giang day ky thuat nhay xa uon than cho sinh vien Trudng Dai hpc Dien luc. Cac phuong phap con lai co s6 y kiSn lira chpn thip, de tai loai bo khong su dung.
1.2. Xdc dinh he thdng bdi tap bd tra ehuyen mdn trong giang dqy ky thudt nhdyxa udn thdn
Qua ket qua phong vto, dk tai da lira chon dupe 28/34 bai tap ba tra chuyen mon ling dung trong giang day ky thuat nhay xa uon thto cho doi tupng nghien eiiu ma chiing toi dua ra da dupe cac y kito lua chpn voi s6 y kiSn chi6m ty le hi 72.0% tro len, va phan Icjn d6u xSp o miie dp uu tien 1. He thSng cac bai tap g3m 5 nhom:
Nhdm bdi tap bd tra ky thuat ehay dd (S bdi tap): Chay ttog t6c dp 60m tren duong thang;
Chay da taing binh 13 -15 buoc chay thuc hien giam nhay vao h6 cat; Chay toto da thuc hien
giam nhay nhe buac bp vao ho cat; Chay toan da tren ducmg thang co vach bao hieu 4 - 6 bu6c cuoi; Chay toto da e6 vach bao hieu 4-6 bu6c cuoi ket hpp giam nhay nhe buoc bp vao ho cat.
Nhom bdi tap bo tra gidm nhdy (7 bdi tap):
Tai cho dat chto giam nhay; Di bp mpt buoc d^t chto giam nhay birac bp; Di bp mpt buoc giam nhay buoc bp kit hpp danh tay; Chay 3 bli6c giam nhay buoc bp ket hpp danh tay; Chay 5 - 7 buoc giam nhay buoc bp qua rao thap vao lio cat; Chay 3 - 5 buoc da giam nhay buoc b6 qua rao thap lien tuc tren duang chay; Chay toan da giam nhay buoc bp qua rao (xa ngang) cao til 70 - 90 cm CO phdi hpp danh x6c tay, tiSp dat bang chto giam.
Nhdm bdi tap bd tra tren khdng vd tiep dat (6 bdi tap): Diing tai ch6 mc phong dpng tac tren khong va tiSp dit; Diing tren buc g6 tliiic hien dpng tac tien khcng tiSp dk; Chay 3 - 5 buoc giam nhay thuc hien dpng tac tren khong va ti6p dkt cc buc g6; Bam tay tren xa don flute hien dpng tac uon thto va bat ngudi vS pliia truoc; Diing tai ch6 bat uon thto vao ho c^t;
Chay da 5 - 7 buoc giam nhay thuc hien dpng
OAOTMVAHUANUIYBVTIETHAO SO D&C B I E T / 2 0 1 8 tac uon than qua rao thip hoac xa ngang cao 40 trong chuang trinh dao tao) tai Truong Dai hoc - 50 cm. Dien lire.
Nhdm bdi tap bd trgf phdi hop (5 bdi tap): Truac khi ti^n hanh thuc nghiem ehung toi Chay 5-7 buac da thuc hien toan bp ky thuat kilm tra thanh tich ban dau cua 2 nhom thue tren khong va tiep dat; Chay da ngan 9-11 bu6e nghiem va nhom doi ehung, cung eac npi dung thuc hien dpng tac giam nhay, tren khong va ti6p nhu nhau vcsi 300 sinh vien khoa Dai hpc D4 dat; Chay 9-11 buac da thuc hien dpng tac giam Truang Dai hpc Dien luc. Cac doi tuong nay nhay tren khong tiep dat qua chuang ngai vat duge chimg toi lua chpn ngau nhien. Toan bp dat 6 2/3 quy dao bay; Chay da trung binh thuc qua trinh thuc nghiem dugc tien hanh trong thai hi?n toan bp ky thuat tren khong va ti^p d4t; gian 04 thang.
Th\rc hien toan da vai nhip dieu 6n dinh. 3.2. Xdy dtpig chuong trinh - tiin trinh thuc Nhom bdi tap bd tr^ the lue chuyin mdn (5 nghiem nhdm toi mi hieu qud gidng dqy ky hdi tqp): Cae bai tap phat trien toe dp chuyen thudt nhdy xa u&n thdn dp dung eho nhdm mon; Lo co; Bat nhay thu goi tren cat; Hat ta ra
truac sau do hat ta qua dau ra sau; Ke bung tren thang giong.
2. Lipa chon cdc ndi dung kiem tra danh gia trinh do ky thuat nhay xa u'O'n than cho doi tu'O'ng nghien CLPU
Can cu y kien 36 HLV, ehuyen gia, giang vien... va ket qua xae dinh dp tin eay, tinh thong bao cua cac npi dung kiem tra danh gia trinh dp ky thuat nhay xa uon than, chiing toi da lira chpn dugc 05 npi dung kiem tra danh gia trinh dp ky thuSt nhay xa uon than cho sinh vien Truang Dai hpc Dien luc. Cae npi dung thupe 2 nhom yeu to: the luc va ky thuat.
3. Xdc dinh hieu qua phifang phap giang d^y Vci bai tap ijng dung trong giang day ky thu$t nhay xa y a n than cho nam sinh vien Tru'd'ng Dai hoc Dien liPC
3.1. Td chirc thvrc nghiem suphqm Viec nghien cuu img dung cac bai tap bo trg chuyen mon ung dung trong giang day ky thuat nhay xa uon than cho doi tupng nghien cuu trong thai gian 04 thang (ung vai 02 hpc ky
thuc nghiem
Can cij vao chuang trinh, ke hoach, tien trinh va giao an giang day cua nha truang, chiing toi xay dung chuang trinh giang day ky thuat nhay xa uon than cho nhom thuc nghiem. Thai gian tap luyen la 02 tiet/1 tuan. Thai gian tap tii 90 phut - 105 phiit. Tong so giao an giang day ky thuat nhay xa uon than trong 01 hpe ky cua chuong trinh thuc nghiem su pham la 15 giao an. Thai gian tap can cii vao npi dung, chuang trinh mon hpe, trong do 28 bai tap bo trg ky thuat duge ap dung vao cac giao an tuang ling theo eac giai doan giang day ky thuat nhay xa va bai tap bo trp the luc dugc sap xep 2-3 bai tap/giao an. Thai gian giang day ky thuat nhay xa uon than dugc cac giang vien quan ly chat ehe, de chi con lai su tac dpng cua eac bai tap tai nhom nghien cuu.
3.3. Kit qud thuc nghiem
Sau thai gian thuc nghiem 04 thang, de tai tien hanh kiem tra va so sanh tren 2 nhom a tat ca eac npi dung kiem tra. Ket qua thu dupe nhu hinh bay a bang 2.
Bang 2. Ket qua kiem tra cac test danh gia trinh do ky thuat nhay xa u'dn than cua doi tu'O'ng nghien CLPU sau thyc nghiem {Nam TN = 150; Nam DC = 150)
TT 1 2 3 4 5
Test Chay 30m toe dp cao (s) Hat ta qua diu ra sau (m) Bat xa tai ch6 (cm) Nhay xa 5 - 7 buoc da (m) Nhay xa toan da (m)
Ket qua kiem tra (x + 5) Nhom DC
4.47±0.27 8.59+0.51 221.85+18.72
3.91+0.33 4.07+0.26
Nhom TN 4.35+0.21 8.75+0.42 227.87+17.34
4.08+0.31 4.19+0.26
t 2.121 2.032 12.278 2.603 2.038
P
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
<0.05
BAI BAD KHOA HOC
Quy trinh ky thuSt nhay xa U'O'n than
ky thuat nhay xa uon tlian cua 2 nhom thuc nghiin va d6i chiing da co sii khae biet ro ret (P < 0.05).
Bk khjng dinh ro hiju qua he thdng cac phirong tien gitog day va cac bii tap bd trp chuyen mfln da lua chpn, sau khi kit thiic qua trinh thuc nghiem, chiing tdi ti6n hanh so sinh ket qua kiem tra danh gia ky thuat hoto thifn giiia Tu k6t qua thu dupe a cac btog 2 cho thay: nhdm doi chiing va nhdm thuc nghiem. Kk qua Cl tat ca cac npi dung kiem tra danh gia trinh dp thu duoc nhu trinh bay o btog 3.
Bang 3. So sanh ket qua kiem tra danh gia ky thuat hoan thien nhay xa uron than cua nam sinh vien 2 nhom do! chipng va thirc nghiem sau thirc nghl#m
X^p lo^i Dat Khdng dat
Tong So sanh
Ket qua Idem tra danh gia ky thuat Nhom thuc nghiem (n = 150)
135 90.0%
15 10,0%
150
Nhom doi ehung (n = 150) 114 76.0%
36 24.0%
150
rtng
249 51 300 X'u.i, = 24.009 > x^n ns = 5.991 vol P < 0.05
Ket qua thu dupe d btog 3 cho thay, sc sanh kit qua kiem tra dtoh gia hoto thien ky thuat nhay xa uon cd su khae biet rd ret vl kit qua kiem tra - danh gia hoto thien ky thuat nhay xa udn thto d nhdm thuc nghiem vdi ty le dat chiem 90.0%, cao hem hto nhdm ddi chiing d miic dat vdi 76.0%. K6t qua kilm dinh khi binh phuong giira 2 nhdm cd su khae biet rd ret vdi P < 0.05. Dilu dd mdt lin niia khjng dinh rd hieu qua cua he thdng cac phuang phap va cae bai tap bd trp chuyen mdn ling dung trong gitog day ky thuat nhay xa udn thto cho sinh vien Trudng Dai hoc Dien luc.
KETLUAN
Qua trinh nghien cii, chiing tdi da lua chpn dupe 7 phuang phap chuyen mdn, 5 npi dung kiem tea, danh gia va 28 bai tap bd trp chuyen mdn thudc 05 nhdm bai tap img dung trong gitog day ky thuat nhay xa uon than cho nam sinh vien Trudng Dai hpc Dien luc. Qua qua trinh thuc nghiem su pham vdi thdi gian 04
thtog, de tai da xae dinh dupe hi$u qua ro r?t cua he thdng cac bai tap bd tra chuyen mon da lira chpn ling dung trong gitog day ky thuat nhay xa udn thto cho ddi tupng nghien ciiu.
TAI LlEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguyen Dai Duong, Duong Nghi?p Chi, Nguyin Kim Minh, Vd Diic Phung, Nguyen Van Qutog, Nguyin Quang Hung (2008), Bien kinh, Nxb TDTT, Ha Ndi.
2. Pdpop V.B (1984), Nhdy xa, Nxb TDTT, Ha Npi.
3. Nguyin Toto, Pham Danh Tdn (2000), X/
ludn vd phuang phdp the due the thao, Nxb TDTT, Ha Npi.
4. Nguyin Diic Vto (2001), Phuangphip thong ke trong thd dqc thi thao, Nxb TDTT, Ha Ndi.
(Bai nop ngay 12/11/2018, Phan bi?n ngS»
13/11/2018, duyet in ngiy 28/11/201*)
