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HIEN TRANG TAI NGUYEN TRE
NITAVA VAI TRO CUA CHUNG DOI Vdl CQNG DONG NGUOfl DAN TOC THAI
d HUYEN VUNG CAO MAI CHAU - HOA BINH
PHAM THANH TRANG Trudng Dgi hpc Ldm nghiep
TRAN MINH HQI Vien Sinh thdi vd Tdi nguyen sinh vgt
Tre mia bao gdm cac loii thudc phan hg Tre (Bambusoideae), hg Hoa thio (Poaceae). Vift Nam hifn nay cd 1,4 trifu ha rimg tre mia (ci thuan loai vi hdn giao) dirng thii 4 the gidi sau Trung Quoc, An Do vi Mianma ve difn tich. Tir dd cd the thiy tai nguyen tre nira gitr vj tri rit quan trgng trong tai nguyen rimg nude ta.
Do cd nhieu die tinh quy nen tre nua da dugc su dyng trong ddi sdng hing ngiy ciing nhu trong thii cdng nghifp vi cdng nghifp hien dai. D i thdng ke dugc hon 30 cdng dyng ciia fre niia, trong dd nhirng cdng dung chinh Ii lim hang thu cdng, my nghe, lim vat lifu xiy dyng, lam nguyen lifu trong cdng nghifp giiy sgi v i sin xuit ming tre lam thirc in tuai hoic kho.
Ngoii ra, tre nira li loii mgc nhanh, sdm cho sin phim, ky thuat gay trdng tuomg ddi don gian, cd khi ning sinh tmdng tren dit khd canh tic vi dat hoang hoi, la loii da tic dyng... nen fre niia la ngudn tii nguyen phong phu da vi dang dugc con ngudi sir dyng rgng rai.
Mai Chau Ii huyfn vimg cao tinh Hoi Binh noi sinh sdng cua cdng-ddng ngudi dan tdc Thii, giao thdng di lai khd khin, noi cd nhieu loai tre nua nhu: Buong, Niia tep, Niia li to... mgc ty nhien. Ngudn tai nguyen nay da v i dang trd thanh ngudn thu nhap chinh ciia ngudi dan dja phuong. Tuy nhien, hifn nay tii nguyen tre niia dang ngay mdt suy giam c i ve sd lugng va chat lugng; ky thuat trdng, khai thic, su dung tre nua chua dugc chii y nhieu va die bift Ii nhan thirc ciia ngudi din chua thiy rd gii trj ciia ngudn tii nguyen niy c i ve mat kinh te, xa hgi va mdi tmdng. Day Ii nhirng thich thiic khdng nhd dl phit triln nguon tai nguyen fre mia tai dja phuang.
L PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ 1. Muc tieu nghien ciru
Dinh gii hifn trang, vai frd ciia fre niia doi vdi cgng dong ngudi Thii tai Mai Chau - Hda Binh.
2. Ngi dung nghien ciru
- Thinh phin loai va vimg phin bo ciia ngudn tii nguyen tre mia tai Mai Chau - Hda Binh.
- Tinh hinh khai thic, sir dung, gay trong va khi ning phit triln tii nguyen fre nira cua cgng ddng ngudi Thai tai khu vyc nghien ciru.
- Vai frd ciia tre mia ddi vdi kinh t l hg tai khu vuc nghien cim.
3. Pham vi nghien ciru
Hai xa Ddng Bing vi Van Mai cua huyfn Mai Chau - Hoa Binh.
4. Phuong phap nghien cihi
- Phuong phip ke thira, sir dung cd chgn lgc cic ngudn tai heu frong v i ngoai nude cd lien quan.
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- Phuong phip dinh gii ndng thdn cd ngudi din tham gia (PRA).
- Phuang phip dilu tra chuyen nginh dl xac djnh tuyln; lip d tieu chuin (OTC); dieu tra die dilm hinh tiiii, sinh thii, sinh trudng ciia cic loai tre nira trong khu vuc.
- Phuang phip chuyen gia de kiem tra miic do chinh xic ciia cic thdng tin thu dugc cung nhu dua ra cic giii phip phit trien cd hifu qua.
IL KET QUA NGHIEN CUU VA THAO LUAN 1. Thanh phan va phan bo cac loai tre nira
De xic djnh thanh phan vi phan bd cua tre nira tai dja phuang, chiing tdi da tien hanh dilu tra nim 2004 vi 2005 va dieu tra bd sung nim 2008 tai xa Van Mai vi Ddng Bing thu dugc kit qua cd 23 loii tre nira phin bd, trong dd cd 11 loai mgc ty nhien va 12 loii dugc ngudi din giy tring d cic thdn, xa (bing 1). Die biet Ii cic loai nhu Buong moc, Mai, Buong phin, Mai mudi, Tre gai da dugc trdng tir lau ddi va cd kich thudc Idn. Mgt so loai mdi trdng nhu Ludng, Lyc true, Diem triic trong mdt so nam trd lai diy, -trongdd Ludng dugc trdng phd biln d cic hd tren difn tich dit lim nghifp da nhin qua mgt sd chuong trinh dy in 327, 661 tai dja phucmg.
Hau hft cic loii deu phin bd d sudn niii, khe niii vi chin ddi.
Bdng I
TT 1 2
3
4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Ten thuo'ng ggi Buong cong Buong moc Buong phan'. May puoc caina Diem true, Mai xanh, May tong hoa to Giang Giang dac Hop da Hop sao Luc true Luong Vlai cay
Ten dja phu'ffng Buong tuan
giao May ten, Buang ldn
May puoc
Tre tau, Batdg May hang
Co he May luong,
Luong dia phuang May hop Tre mang
nggt Luong May mai
Cac loai tre nira phan Ten khoa hgc Dendrocalamus sp.
Pseudoxytenanthera sinuata (Gamble) T. Q.
Nguyen
Dendrocalamus aff.
pachystachys Hsueh et D.Z. Li
Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro
Maclurochloa sp.
Melocalamus sp.
Bambusa sp.
Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeusch
Bambusa oldhami Muruo Dendrocalamus barbatus Hsueh et D.Z. Li
Dendrocalamus aff.
yunanicus Hsueh et Li
bo trong khu vyc Than
ngam Mgc cum Moc cum
Mpc cum
Mgc cym
Cym dya Mgc cum Mgc cum
Mgc cym Mgc cym Mgc cym Mgc cym
Dja danh Nghe, Phieng Sa Phieng Sa, Dong Bang Dong Bang
Dong Bang Phieng Sa,
Van Mai Phieng Sa Dong Bang Dong Bang Dong Bang
C a 2 x a Dong Bang
Noi phan bo Thung niii
da voi Sudn nui,
khe nui Chan, sudn
Sudn nui
Sudn, dinh Vach ta luy Chan, sudn
Chan nui Khe niii Chan, sudn
Sudn, khe nui
Ghi chii Ty nhien Trong
Trong
Trong
Ty nhien Ty nhien Trong Trong Trong Trong Trong
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12
13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23
Mai ong, Mai day, Tre rong van nam Mang dang.
True dot to hoa day May lay, Le long frang Nira la to Nira mgc tan Nira tep Tre gai Tre la nga bac Tre mo Tre vang sgc Tnic can cau Vau dang
May mudi, May puoc
Lanh anh May cha
lay Cg hia May day
Cp pao May dang
nga May la nga May buang
phan
May biia May khdm
Dendrocalamus yunnannicus Hsueh et D^Z. Li
Indosasa crassiflora McClure
Pseudoxytenanthera albo-ciliata (Munro) T.
Q. Nguyen Schizostachyum funghomii McClure Pseudostaehyum polymorphum Munro Schizostachyum pseudolima McClure Bambusa blumeana Schult. & Schult. f Bambusa sinospinosa McClure
Bambusa vulgaris Schre ex Wend
Bambusa vulgaris var.
striata (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Gamble
Phyllostachys sulphurea AC. Riv.
Indosasa angustata McClure
Mgc cum
Mgc tan
Mpc cum Cum thua Cum thua Cum thua Mgc cum Mpc cum Mpc cum
Mpc cum Mpc cum Mgc tan
Phieng Sa, Dong Bang Phieng Sa, Dong Bang
Phieng Sa Ddng Bang
Khan Nghe, Khan Dong Bang, Van Mai Dong Bang Dong Bang
Dong Bang Nghe Dong Bang, Nghe, Khan 1
Sudn nui, khe niii Sucm, chan
niii Sucm, dinh
Sucm Sucm, chan, dinh
Sudn, chan, dinh
Chan doi, ven suoi Chan doi, ven suoi Sudn va chan nui, khe niii Trdng lam
canh Dinh nui Sudn nui, chan niii
Trong
Ty nhien
Ty nhien Ty nhien Ty nhien Ty nhien Tr6ng_
Trong Trong Trong canh Ty nhien Ty nhien Trong 23 loai tre niia, cd 20 loai dang than ngam mgc cym (3 loai mgc cym thua vdi xu hudng chung cd hifn tugng ning byi cao din theo thdi gian).
2. Tinh hinh khai thac, sir dung, gay trong va phat trien tai nguyen tre nua d M a i Chau
2.1. Tinh hinh khai thac
Dieu tra thyc te vi phdng vin cic hd gia dinh cho thiy tai khu vyc nghien ciiu tit c i cic loai tre nira deu dugc khai thic than vi mang. Kit qua thu dugc vl viec khai thic than vi mang fre mia theo miia vy tai Mai Chau dugc thi hifn d bang 2.
Khai thdc mdng
Cd 2 thdi diem khai thic trong nam. Dgt 1 vao miia xuan (thing 2 din thing 4) khai thic mgt sd loai mgc tin nhu: Viu ding, Lanh anh. Dgt 2 vao miia mua (tap trung vao thing 6 din thing 9) khai tiiic mdt sd loai mgc cym nhu: Luong, Buong, Mai, Niia...
^ Ddi vdi mgt sd loii mgc hr nhien (Viu ding, Nua...) ky thuat khai thac chua dim bio, hiu het la khai thic triet dl, sd lugng chira lai rit it, chinh dilu nay di lim cho rimg tre nira nhanh bj thoai hoi, kich thudc mang va than khi sinh be din.
Ddi vdi rimg trong ngudi dan chii ylu khai thac than khi sinh. Qui truih khai thac ming dugc bit dau khi byi cay dat 3-4 tudi sau khi trdng, chi khai thic tia nhumg ming be dl dimg trong gia dinh, de lai nhtrng ming to, khoe dl phat triln thinh ciy mg tao mang cho nam sau.
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Qua ket qui dieu fra thiy ring hang nam ngudi din dja phuang khai thac mans rit ldn (100.000kg - 140.000kg); frong do mang Buong phin va Viu ding dugc khai thac nhilu nhit Mang Ludng it dugc ngudi dan khai thac l i do gii bin than khi sinh cao hon rit nhilu so vdi bin mang.
Khai thdc thdn khi sinh
Qua bing tren ta thiy ring, ngudi dan khai thac than frong hiu hit cic thing trong nim nhung tip tmng chii yeu vao cic thing 1, thing 2, thing 11 vi thing 12. Diy Ii thdi dilm giap Tit Nguyen Din ngudi din cin tiln dl sim sua va tieu trong djp Tit.
Qua dilu tra thyc tl vi phdng van ngudi dan, lugmg khai thic than hing nim cua thdn Dong Bing dat khoang 150.000 - 170.000 ciy (trong tdng sd 420ha), tai Van Mai con sd niy li 130.000 - 150.000 ciy (trong tdng sd 400ha). Trong dd, khai thic chu yeu la rimg trdng cic loai Luong, Buong phin, Mai, Buong mdc.
Sau khi frong 4-5 nim ngudi din tiln hanh khai thic tiian khi suih. Trong qui frinh khai thac, moi byide lai it nhit 2 the hf (mdi 1, tudi 2), khai thic nhirng cay gii, cay xiu vi cay cyt nggn trudc de nhimg ciy cdn lai phat triln.
Tieu chuin_ cay khi khai tiiic phy thugc vao myc dich su dung nhu: vin sin, xiy dyng, nguyen lifu giay...
Bdng 2
\ T h i n g am
\ . Ijch Loii \ N ^ Buang
Luong
4
Mai Tre gai Diem true Luc true Vau dang
Lich 1 1
mua vy kh 2 3
ai thac mgt 4 5
Khai thac than Khai thic than- Khai tiiic tiiin Khai tiiic thin
Khai thic ming
so loai tre tai
6 7
khu vuc ngh
8 9
Khai thac ming Khai thdc ming
Khai thac ming Khai thac
ming Khai thac ming Khai thac ming
Khai thac than
len ciru
10 11 12
• Khai tiiic than Khai thac than
Khai thac than Khai thac
tiian Z
Cd the nhan thiy ring ngucri dan dja phuong di sir dyng phong phu kien thurc bin dja trong qua frinh khai thic.
Tuy nhien, vi nhu cau kinh te - xa hgi va lgi ich tmdc mit, mgt sd hg da khai thic vdi cudng dp cao chi de lai cay mdi 1 frong byi dan din kit ciu bj phi vd, ciy de dd, kich thudc ming va than khi suih cua nam sau nhd di, de bj siu bfnh hai.
2.2. Tinh hinh sir dyng
Kft qui dilu tra hifn trang mgt so loai tre nira tai Mai Chau (bing 3) cho ta thiy, cic loii hifn nay dugc ngudi dan dinh gii cd gii trj cao chii ylu la cic loii dugc gay trong frr liu dcri (Buang cong, Buong phan. Hop da...). Cic loai nay dugc sir dyng nhilu hon so vdi cic loii ty nhien (Vau ding, Linh anh) vao cic myc dich nhu: lam ming, xiy dyng, dng dyng nude, dan
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lit... Cd thi thiy ngudi din dja phuong ciing da quan tam din gay trdng va sir dyng cac loai fre mia (Luong, Buong phin, Mai, Tre gai) v i it phu thugc vio ty nhien. Day dugc coi la ylu td tich cyc nhim phit triln ngudn tii nguyen tre niia tai dja phuong.
Nguon tai nguyen tre mia d khu vuc nghien ciru da cung cap cho ngudi dan dja phuang nhilu sin phim khic nhau, gdp phin quan frgng frong ddi sdng ngudi dan d khu vuc nay.
Bdng 3
\ . Loii Muc dich^^
sir dung ^ \ ^ Mang tuai
Mang chua Mang kho Ban than (lam nguyen heu giay) Xay dyng Lam san nha Gian say tren bep Dan lit
Hang rao Ong dyng nude Ciii
Lam mang nude Lam dua Ten no Chuong frai
Hifn trang sir dyng mgt so loai tre nira tai dja phuong Cac loai gay trong (co gia tri cao)
Luong
**
* •
**
**
*
**
*
**
*
**
**
**
»
**
Buomg phan
**
**
**
*»
*
**
**
**
*
**
BuOTjg cong
• *
**
*
**
*
**
**
**
**
Mai ong
**
**
*
**
*
**
**
*
Mai cay
4:
**
**
» •
**
**
*
Hop da
**
**
»
Buomg moc
*»
**
**
**
*
*
**
*
Cac loii tu nhien
Vau dang
* •
*
Linh anh
«*
*
Tre gai
*
»
*
**
**
**
**
*
**
*
**
* Ghi chu: **: sir dung nhieu (16-40 hg dong y); *: sii dung it (<16 hg dong y).
2 3 . Kien thirc, kinh nghifm cua ngudi dan ve khai thac, sir dyng than khi sinh va mang trong ddi song van hoa
Ngudi din tgc Thii cd kien thirc sau rgng v l khai thic va sir dyng tre mia vao ddi song ciia hg. Tre nua cd nhieu cdng dyng va cd y nghTa die bift doi vdi cic gia dinh, dilu dd dugc the hifn qua cac die diem: nha sin, khen, dd thu cdng my nghf, ming tuoi, mang khd, ming chua...
Nhumg kiln thuc niy da dugc tich luy liu ddi thanh kiln thiic ban dja cin dugc frin trgng, nang niu va bio tdn. De phit trien the manh cua dja phuong cin kit hgp hii hoi vdi tiln bg khoa hgc ky thuat hifn dai nhim phit trien bin -viing tai nguyen tre nira d khu vuc.
2.4. Tinh hinh gay trong tre nira va kha nang phat triln
^ Tir xua tdi iiay, ngudi dan dja phuong chu ylu trong cay bing goc. Uu dilm cua cich nay la de sdng, nlu trdng dung thdi vy v i quan ly chim sdc tdt thi ty le song cd thi dat 100%, cay con mgc len sinh trudngmanh, sdm thinh byi, thinh rimg. Tuy nhien, nhugc dilm Icin nhit Ii hf so nhan gidng thap, moi byi tre chi dinh dugc 1-2 goc cua cac cay mdi 1, tudi 2. Cich trong nay cung ton nhieu cdng sire, gay tac dgng xiu tdi bui cay mg. Vi vay cin cd nhirng phuong phap khac de cd the khic phyc han chl nay.
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Trong rniy nam gin diy dugc sy ho trg ciia Dy in 327 va 661, die biet la nhilu dgt tap huin ve nhin gidng mdt sd loii tre nira ciia Tmcmg Dai hgc Lam nghiep da giiip ngudi dan bilt cich nhan gidng bang phuong phip chiet canh va giim hom 3 loai dd la: Buong mdc, Buomg phin va Ludng.
Dien tich frdng tre niira tai dja phuong: Qua kit qui dieu tra kit hgp vdi sii dyng ngudn tii lifu thir cip difn tich trdng tre nira tai dja phuong dugc the hifn thdng qua bang 4.
Bdng 4
Dja danh Dong Bang Van Mai Cac xa con lai Toan huyen
Difn tich trong tre nira tai d 1997
S(ha) 63,7 78,1 1.614,5 1.756,3
% 3,63 4,45 91,92
100
a phuomg
2008 S(ha)
420 400 4.157,75 4.977,75
% 8,44 8,03 83,53 100 Tir dd cd the thiy ring ngudi din dja. phuomg dang ngiy mgt quan tam tdi giy trdng vi phit trien tre mia.
3. Vai tro ciia tre nira doi vdi cgng dong 3.1. Vai trd ciia tre nira doi vdi kinh te hg
Kit qui trinh bay d bing 5 cho ta thiy mdt cich nhui tdng quit vl co ciu thu nhip cua timg nhom hg tai khu vyc nghien ciiu. Nguon thu nhip tir fre nua ciia cic nhdm hg tai Ddng Bing (xi Dfng Bing) vi Khin (xa Van Mai) li ldn nhit (nhdm hg II tir 44,15% din 45,05%; nhdm hg 111 tir 65,67% din 70,01% vi nhdm hg IV tir 63,88% din 74,98%. Dong Bing vi Khin li khu vuc CO quoc lg 6A vi 15 chay qua li co hgi cho rit lcin ngudi din budn bin vi tieu thy tre mia.
Tuy nhien, qua bang so lifu ciing thiy ring mic dii ngudn thu tu tre nira chiem ty If cao trong tong tiiu nhap ciia cic nhdm hg nhung tap tmng d cic nhdm hg ngheo vi tmng binh.
Nguyen nhin li do cic nhdm hg khi tai 2 thdn nay tip tmng d ven cic dudng qudc Id thuin Igi v^mit kinh doanh, budn ban cic mat hing khic nhu: thyc pham, t^p hoi, hing in... da tao ra nguIn thu Idn hon thu nhip tii tre nira. Vi viy, ngudn thu tir cic nguon thu khic chiirn mgt ty If tuang doi cao trong cic nhdm hg kha tai hai thdn niy. Chinh quyen dja phuang cd the phit huy thi manh vl giao thdng dl thdng qua trao ddi, budn bin, phit trien ngudn tii nguyen tre nua nay.
Bdng 5
Thon
Ngh?
KJian Dong Bang
Thu nha Nh6ni
hf II 111 IV
11 111 IV 11 111 IV
p tir cac nguon thu khac Nong nghifp D
10839750 8308020 1115000 8550000 2677000 1583750 1702000 2972000 1721250
% 46,34 66,82 40,14 37,06 22,63 23,36 7,09 25,15 20,36
nhau ciia cac nhdm hg Tre nua D
8853750 3149000 1266250 10402500 8273200 4314000 10634000 7792000 6340000
% 37,85 25,17 45,53 45,05 70,01 63,88 44,15 65,67 74,98
Khac D 3711250 1262500 533333 4162500 1530000 865000 11772000 1087000 523333
% 15,81
8,01 14,33 17,89 7,36 12,76 48,76 9,18 4,66 Ghi chu: nhdm hp II - kha; nhom hp 111 - trung binh; nhom hp IV - ngheo.
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3.2. Cac gia trj khac ciia tre nua Gid trj vi mgt xa hpi
Cic boat dgng nhu nhan gidng, trdng, khai thic, chl biln cac san phim cua Ludng, Buong, Mai, Viu, Nira... trong khu vyc da lam tiiay ddi dang ke co ciu nganh nghi vi tao ra nhilu cdng in viec lam cho ngudi dan dja phuong (binh quan Iha Luong 1 nam (neu khai thic tir 3-5 cay/byi) cin toi tiiilu 100-120 cdng lao ddng).
Die biet, trong 5 nim trd lai diy do difn tich frdng Ludng, Buomg d dja phuang nhilu (4.977,75ha), chmh quyln dja phuong da cho phep mgt so cdng ty chl biln bdt giiy, lam diia xuit khiu da thu hiit dugc nhilu lao dgng dja phuong tre, khoe, cd trinh do vin hoa tir Icip 7 trd len vio tham gia lam cdng nhin cac day chuyen nhu: van chuyen nguyen lieu, bam, niu va xeo giiy; cit khiic, tao phdi dua, ddng gdi va xir ly dua xuit khiu... Hifn nay, luong cua mgt ngudi cdng nhan lim frong nha miy giiy HAPACO tir 800.000-1.200.OOOd/thing ciing gdp phin nang cao thu nhip cho ngudi din dja phucmg.
Y nghia ve mgt moi trir&ng sinh thdi
Din nay, d dja phuang difn tich dit trdng gin nhu khdng cdn, hau hit dien tich da dugc phu xanh chii ylu bing cac loii trong nhdm tre nira. Loai dugc frdng phd bien d day la Ludng, Buong, Mai vi mgt sd it cay li rgng khac trdng hdn giao (thdng qua cic Chuong trinh va Dy in). Cic loai nhu Buong, Ludng sinh trudng rat tdt vi phit huy tic dyng phdng hg tdt.
Nhd tic dyng cua he re tre Ludng m i Idp dit mit dudi rimg tre Ludng dugc ban che mirc do giim thip do xdp vi khi ning tham nude ciia dat dudi cac tran mua rao. Ddng thdi, nhd cd ldp thim muc dudi rimg tre Ludng, vdi tic dyng bam gitr dat khi tdt ciia hf re rimg tre Ludng ma cudng dg xdi mdn dit ducii rimg fre Ludng rat thap.
Ben canh dd, cic hoat dgng sin xuit cic sin pham tir tre mia ciing gay nhtmg anh hudng tieu cyc den mdi trucmg nhu: d nhiem tilng dn, d nhiem nghiem trgng mdi trucmg nude, ngudn nude sinh hoat bj de doa. Dieu nay d i dugc ngudi dan dia phuong phan anh nhung van chua dugc giii quyet thoi ding.
HI. KET LUAN
Thanh phan cic loii tre nira trong khu vyc rat phong phii, 23 loai da phit hifn, thugc 8 chi vdi 2 nhdm than mgc cym vi mgc tin, gin mgt nua sd loii (11 loai) cd phan bo ty nhien d khu vyc, nhieu loii cd trien vgng trong kinh doanh, dd li nhtrng loii than cd thanh diy, Idng dai, ming to va in ngon.
Tre nira dugc ngudi din tgc Thai khai thic than va mang sir dung vio nhieu myc dich khac nhau: lim nha, dan lit, thyc phim... vio cic thdi dilm khic nhau trong nam tiiy loii. Khai tiiic than khi sinh vao hiu hit cac thing trong nam (chu ylu la thing 1, thing 2, thing 11 va thing 12). Khai thic ming 2 dgt trong nim (dot 1 miia xuan - mdt sd loai mgc tin; dot 2 miia mua - mgt sd loii mgc cym). Ngudi din trdng tre mia theo truyin thong bing goc va da chii y nhan gidng bing chiet cinh va giam hom. Difn tich gay trdng tre mia da dugc ngay cing ting len.
Tre mia giir mgt vai trd quan trgng vl mjt kinh te (thu nhap tir tre niia) ddi vdi cugc song cua ngudi dan, die bift la nhdm hg tmng binh (tir 65,67% den 70,01%) vi nhdm hg ngheo (tir 63,88% den 74,98%) tai Ddng Bang v i Khin. Ngoai ra, tre nura cdn cd vai trd vl mat xa hgi va mdi trudng sinh thii; tao cdng in vifc lam cho ngudi dan, cai thien ddi sdng vin hoa tinh than, gdp phan xoa ddi, giim ngheo cho ngudi dan noi day v i phit huy tot tic dyng phdng hd dau ngudn bio ve ngudn nude.
HOI NGH! KHOA HOC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH THAI VA TAI N G U Y £ N SINH VAT L \ N THU BA
TAI LI?U THAM KHAO
1. Nguyen Tien Ban (Chii bien), 2003-2005: Danh lyc cac loai tiiuc vat Vift Nam, tap 2, tip 3. NXB. Ndng nghifp, Hi Ngi.
2. Bg Ndng nghifp va Phat trien ndng thdn, 1998: Phucmg phap dinh gii ndng tiidn cd ngudi din tham gia (PRA) frong boat dgng khuyen ndng-khuyin lam. NXB. Ndng nghifp.
Hi Ngi.
3. Vu Vin Dung, Le Viet Lam, 2005: Kit qui nghien ciru tai nguyen fre niia ciia Vift Nam, Tai Ufu hgi nghi KHCN Lam nghifp, 20 nim ddi mdi (1986-2005) - Phin Lim sinh, 301-311.
4. Tran Nggc Hai, 2005: Tap chi Ndng nghifp va Phit triln ndng thdn, 21: 83.
5. Trifu v a n Hiing (Chii bien), 2007: Lam sin ngoii go Vift Nam. NXB. Bin dd. Hi Ngi.
6. Le Viet Lam, 2005: Nghien ciiu phan loai hg phy Tre (Bambusoideae) d Vift Nam. Tai lifu hdi nghj KHCN Lam nghifp, 20 nim ddi mdi (1986-2005) - Phan Liin sinh, fr. 312- 321.
7. Li D. Z., 1998: Taxonomy and Biogeography of the Bambuseae. Kunming Institute of Botany China
8. Nguyen Hoaug Nghia, 2005: Tre tnic Vift Nam. NXB. Ndng nghifp. H i Ngi.
9. Prosea, 1994: Plant resources of South - East Asia, No 7. Bamboos, Bogor, Indonesia.
lO.Rao N., V. Ramanatha Rao, 1999: Bamboo and Rattan Genetic Resources and Use.
Intemational Network for Bamboo and Rattan.
11.UBND xa Dong Bang, 2005: Bio cio cdng tic quin Iy vi bio vf rimg xa Dong Bing thing 01 nim 2005.
12. UBND xa Van Mai, 2005: Bio cao cdng tic quin Iy vi bao vf rimg xa Van Mai thing 01 nim 2005.
13.Zhu Zhaohua, 2000: Sustainable Development of tiie Bamboo and Rattan Sectors in Tropical China. China Forestry Publishing House.
« STATUS O F B A M B O O R E S O U R C E S AND T H E I R R O L E IN T H E THAI ETHNIC M I N O R I T Y C O M M U N I T Y O F MAI CHAU H I G H L A N D DISTRICT,
H O A BINH P R O V I N C E
PHAM THANH TRANG, TRAN MINH HOI SUMMARY
The composition of bamboos m Mai Chau is very abundant. There are twenty-free species belonging to 8 genera with two growth habits: sympodial and monopochal. Eleven species are spontaneously distributed m the area, most of which have potential commercial value for having trunks with thick walls, long intemodes, big and deticious shoots.
Bamboos are used for different purposes in local people's lives such as constmction and weaving materials and food source. Bamboos play an important role hi tiie local economy as source of income, especially for tiie groups UI and FV in the Dong Bang and Khan (household group ni from 65.67% to 70.01% and household group W from 63.88% to 74.98%). hi addition, bamboos play a role on the society and ecological envfronment; create jobs for local people, improve tiie culfrual and spirimal life, contribute to eradicate famine, alleviate poverty, and protect water sources..
