Xay di/ng mo hinh nghien culi cac nhan to tac dong den
dong li/c lam viec va si/ gan bo cua nhan vien vdri ngan hang
LE H O A N G T H U Y A - LCfC THANH DtTC H A I "
Tom tat
Tren cO sd khdo cihi cdc nghien cdu trong vd ngodi nUdc ve dong lUc lam viec vd sU gdn bo cua nhdn vien vdi mot td chdc. nhom Idc gid dd xdy di/ng mo hinh ngbien cdu cdc nhdn to tac dgng den dgng luc ldm viec vd su gdn bo cua nhdn vien vdi ngdn hdng, gom II nhdn to: (1) Dgc diem cong viec: (2) Ddo lao - thdng lii'n: (3) Tiin luang: (4) Phuc loi; (5) Cdp tren; (6) Dong nghiep; (7) Ddnh gid thdnh tich: (8) Chinh sdch lao dong; (9) Dieu kien moi trudng ldm viec; (10) Ap lUc cong viic; (11) Rui ro tdc nghiip.
Tit khoa: dgng li/c ldm viic. sU gdn bd, qudn tri nhdn sUngdn hdng
Summary
Based on domestic and foreign studies on employee's work motivation and commitment to an organization, the authors develop a research model of eleven faclors affecting employee's work motivation and commitment to a bank, including (I) Job characteristics;
(2) Training - promotion; (3) Salary; (4) Welfare; (5) Superiors; (6) Colleagues; (7) Performance evaluation; (8) Labor policy; (9) Working conditions; (10) Work pressure:
(11) Operational risks.
Keywords: work motivation, commitment, human resource management in banking sector
GlCfl THIEU c a S6 LY THUYET
Nghien cffu ve dgng life lam viec va sff gdn bd vdi td Cd sd thid't ISp m6 hinh nghi§n ctfu chffc Clia nhan vien trong cdc ddn vi/td chffc kinh doanh Sff gan bd vdi td chffc dffdc dinh nghTa tren the gidi da dffdc cac nha khoa hgc nghien ciiu, thvt ragt each khdi qudt nhff "sffc raanh dffa nghiem trong thffc tiln va due ke't thdnh ly thuyet. iren mo'i quan he eua sff gan bd chdt che Trong bo'i canh eanh tranh gay gat cua nganh ngan ciia cd nhan va sff tham gia ciia cd nhan hang hien nay, con ngffdi la nguon lffc quan trong de dd trong td chffc" (Mowday va cong sff.
phdt trien ben vffng. Tuy nhien. mudn tim hieu ye'u to' 1982) va la mgt nhan to tao ra sff ke't ndi con ngffdi ddng vai trd quan trgng the nao trong boat giffa nhffng ngffdi lao dgng vd to chffc dgng eua ngan hang, chung ta can tim hieu cac nhdn to' (Me\er \ a Allen, 1991), hdn nffa giiip td nao tac dgng de'n ddng life lam viec ciia hg. Tff dgng chffc dat dffdc thanh cong (Mowday va lffc lam vi6c, ehung ta can nghien cu\i xem nd tdc dgng cgng sff, 1982).
nhff the nao de'n ,sif gdn bd ciia nhan vien vdi ngan Tren the gidi cd ra't nhieu cong tiinh hang? De lam dffdc dieu do. can de'p tuc nghien cffti ve nghidn cffu ve sff gdn bd vdi to chffc, cdc dgng lffc lam viec \ a sir gan bd vdi td chffc cua nhdn nha nghien cffu da xdc dinh sff gjln bd vien trong cac ddn vj/id chffc kinh doanh. tffddde xua'l vdi td chffc nhif Id nguon goc va cung la md hinh nghien cffu. ke't qua cua cac bien sd'cd hen quan tdi
• Khoa Kinh te - Luat. Tri/dng Dai hpc Tra Vinh
• • p a s . TS,. TrUdng Dai hpc Can Thd
Ngdy nhdn hdi: 25/6/2020: Ngdv phdn bien: lW/2020; Ngdy duyft ddng: 21/7/2020
6 0 ^^ •'.''>-..>
cdc cong viec trong mdt td chffc. Theo khao sdt ciia nhdm tde gid, den nay, da CO rat nhieu cong trinh nghien cffu trong va ngoai nffdc ve cdc nhdn to tde dgng de'n dgng lffc ldm viec va sff gan bd cua nhan vien vdi td chffc (Bang 1).
Md hinh ly thuyd't n i n trong nghien ctfu
Thuyi't cdp bdc nhu cdu ciia Maslow (1943)
Nam 1943, Maslow dd phdt trien ly thuyet ve "Thff bdc nhu cau" cua con ngffdi (Hierarchy of Need) gom 5 ed'p bac.
Ong sdp xe'p cdc nhu cau ciia con ngffdi theo mgt he thong trat tff ca'p bdc theo hinh kim tff thdp, trong do cae nhu cau d mffc do cao hdn mudn xua't hien, thi cdc nhu cau ct raffc do tha'p hdn phai dffdc thoa man trffdc. NhuYig, ban hoan chinh va day du nha't cua ly thuydt ndy dffdc dffa ra vao nam 1954, ndm thff bdc nhu cau do lan lffdt la: (1) Nhu cau sinh hgc; (2) Nhu cau an todn; (3) Nhu cau xa hoi; (4) Nhu cau dffdc ton trgng; (5) Nhu cau thd hiSn minh,
Ly thuydt hai nhdn tdcua Frederick Herzberg (1959)
Tff cudi nhffng nam 1950, F, Herzberg dffdc cho la ngffdi tien phong trong ly thuye't dgng vien. Ong da phong va'n mgt nhdm nhan vien va phat hien ra nguydn nhdn tao ndn sff ba't man va thda man vdi cong viec. Tff do, F, Herzberg da phdt trien mgt ly thuye't rang, cd 2 nhan td'anh hffdng de'n hanh vi nhan vien, do Id nhan tddgng vien va nhdn to'duy tri. Trong do:
- Cdc nhdn to tao sff dpng vien gdm:
(1) Thanh tich; (2) Sff thffa nhan; (3) Trdch nhiem; (4) Sff tien bg; (5) Ban than cong; (6) Cd hgi phat trien.
- Cdc nhan to' duy tri gdm: ( i ) Thu nhap; (2); Trang thai; (3) Mo'i quan he vdi ngffdi gidm sat; (4) Mdi quan he vdi dong nghiep; (5) Cdc chinh sdch cong ty va quan tri; (6) Dieu kien lam viee; (7) Nhdn td cd nhdn; (8) Dia vi; (9) Sff bao dam cong viee.
Ly thuyet sUgdn bo vdi to chdc Ndra 1991, Meyer va Allen dffa ra ly thuydt ba thanh td ve sff gan bd cua nhan vien vdi td chffc, gdm: (1) Gdn bo dffa trdn cam xuc (tinh cam); (2) Gdn bo di^a trdn tinh todn; (3) Gan bd dffa tren chua'n mffc (dao dffc).
M 6 HiNH NGHIEN CL/U D I XUAT
Dffa trdn cdc tai lidu Iffdc khao, nhdm tde gia ke thffa 9 nhan td' tdc dong, gdm
BAMG 1: TOMG HCfP CAC NGHIEN CCTa VE CAC YEG TO CAU THANH DONG L^C LAM VIEC VA Sti GAN BO CGA NHAM VIEN VCJl TO CHCfC STT 1 T&n nhom lac ffk \ Cac ye'u cab thanh nhSn td' tac d^ng dc^n d$ng h^c lam vi$c
Nghien ciiu ngodi nUdc
1
2
Kovach(1987)
Tan Teck-Hong va Aman Waheed
(2011)
Nghien cihi nay cho nha quan tri biei miSc do quan trong cua tilng ye'u to'tao dgng life cho nhan vien iheo thiJ ti/ sau: (1) Cong viec thii vi; (2) Du'dc cong nhan day du thanh tich cong viec; (3) SKtif chu trong cong viec; (4) Cong vJec on dinh; (5) LKdng cao; (6) Si/ thang tien va phdt tnen nghe nghiep; (7) Dieu kien lara viec tot; (8) Si( gan bo cua cSTp tren vdi nhan vien; (9) Xu'ly ky luat kheo leo, te nhi; {10) Sif ho trd cua quan ly tru'c liep trong viec giai quye't van de.
Ket qua nghien cuU co 12 nhan to tac dong den dong lUc lam viec; (1) Ban chat cong viec; (2) Thang tien. (3) Thanh dai; (4) Dieu kien iam viec; (5) Cong viec on dinh. (6) Quan he vdi cap tren; (7) Tien lu'dng. (8) Quan he vdi d5ng nghiep; (9) Chinh sach cua c6ng ty; (10) Phat trien nghe nghiep, (11) Sif cong nhan.
Nghien ciiu Irong ntidc STT
1
2
3
STT
T6n nhom tac gia Tran Kim Dung
va Tran Hoai Nam (2005) Bui Thi Minh Thu
va Le Nguyen Doan Khoi (2014)
Nguyen Thiiy Dung (2015) Tdn nhom tac
gia
C a t y€^ucS'u thanhnhSn td'tac dOngd€'nd$ng itjTclam Ke't qua nghien ci?u cho thay cd 7 nhan lo tac dong den dong li/c lam viec; (1) Ban chat cong viec, (2) Tien lu'dng; (3) Thang tien; (4) Dong nghiep; (5) Su" gidm sat cua cap tren; (6) Phuc ldi cong ty; (7) Dieu kien lam viec.
Ke't qua co 7 nhSn td Snh hu'dng den dong li/c lam vice cua nhan viSn: (1) Van hda doanh nghiep; (2) Cong viec; (3) Cd hoi dao tao v^ phdt tn^n; (4) Dieu kien lam vi?c; (5) Lu'dng va che do phiic !di; (6) moi quan he vdi dong nghiap; (7) Moi quan h6 lanh dao.
Ket qua cho thay, cd 4 nhan to tdc dong den dong life lam viec cua giang vien tai Ha Noi, nhif; (1) Ddc diem cua cong viec.
(2) Stf cong bang cua lanh dao tnfc tiep; (3) Su' cong bang trong quy trinh phan ph6'i thu nhSp; (4) SiJ cong bing trong thai do do'i xiJ cua sinh vien.
Cac yg'ucS'u thanh nhSn t8'tac d$ng d^n si/g^n b6cilia nh&n vidn
Nghien ciiu ngodi nUdc
1
2
Mowday v& cong su'(1982),Steers
(1977) Mowday va cong
sir (1982)
Ket qua CO da chi ra rdng siJ gSn ket to chifc bi tac dpng bdi 4 nhom nhan \6: (1) Dac diem mang tinh ca nhan; (2) Dac diem mang tinh ca'u true; (3) Dac diem lien quan tdi cong viec; (4) Kinh nghiem lam viec
K&'t qua nghien ciJU cho thay, sif thda man cua nhan vien vdi cong viec se lam gia tang sif cam ke't gdn bd cua ho doi % di i6 chii'c.
Nghiin Cliu trong nt^c
3
4
5
Phan Quoc Dung (2010)
Pham The Anh va Nguyen Thi Hong Dao (2013) Nguyen Thi Hong
^ tia (2016)
Ket qua nghien cdu cd 6 nhan to' tac dong den sif gan bd ciia nhan vien vdi to chiJc: (1) Thu nhap cao; (2) Dieu kien ISm viec thuan ldi; (3) Cd sif phiJ hdp muc tieu trong cdng viec;
(4) Quyet dinh quan ly phil hdp; (5) Khen thu'dng cong b^ng;
(6) Du'dc trao quyen ra quyet dinh trong cong viec se lam cho nhan \ len trung thanh vdi to chii'c hdn.
Ket qua nghien cdu cd 3 nhan td'tac dong den sif gan bd cua nhan vien\di to chdc; (l)C(J hoi phat trien nghe nghiep. (2) Che do dai ngo lifdng thu'dng; (3) He thong ban mo ta cong viec.
Ket qua nghien ci?u cho tha'y cd 4 nhan to' tac dgng sif gdn bd cuanhan vien vdilochiJc. (1) Phong each lanh dao; (2) Sif phu hdpgiiJacdnhan vdi tochilc; (3) Sif hai ldng vdi che dd chi ira lifdng/ihIfdng, (4) Mdi tnfdng lam viec.
Dac didm cong viec; Dao lao - Thang tie'n; Tien Iffdng;
Phiic ldi; Cap tren; Dong nghiep; Ddnh gid thanh tich;
Chinh sach cua ngan hang; Dieu kien lam vide (Bang 2).
Economy and Forecasi Re>
61
IINH 1: MO HiNH THUYET HAI NHAN TO CCIA FREDERICK HERZBERG, 1959 Nhan vien
khdng thda man va khdng cd dgng l\ic
n to duy Oi
Nhan vien thda man nhung khdng cd dgng
luc
Nhan vien thda min vh cd dgng Iyc
r
!
1
(.
1 1
^
1
2
3
4
5 6
7
8
9
BANG 2; NHtifNG NOI DUNG KE THCfA Ten thang do
Dac diem cong viec
Dao tao - Thang tien
Tiln lu'dng
Phiic ldi
Cap tren D6ng nghiap
Ddnh gid thdnh lich
Chinh sdch lao dgng
Dieu kien lam viec
NgudD gdc tbang do Ke thifa: Herzberg (1959). Tan Teck-Hong vd Aman Waheed (2011), Nguyen ThCiy Dung (2015) Ke thira: Herzberg (1959), Kovach (1987), Tan Teck-Hong va Aman Waheed (2011). Bdi Thi Minh Thu va Le Nguyln Doan Khdi (2014) Ke thda; Herzberg (1959). Kovach (1987), Tan Teck-Hong va Aman Waheed (2011), BCii Thi Minh Thu vd Le Nguyen Doan Khdi (2014).
Ke ihCfa ihang do Herzberg (1959), Kovach (1987). Tan Teck-Hong viL Aman Waheed (2011), Marko Kukania (2012). Biii Thi Minh Thu va Le Nguyen Doan Khdi (2014)
Ke ihUa: Herzberg (1959), Kovach (1987), Tan Teck-Hong vd Aman Waheed (2011).
Ke thifa; Herzberg (1959). Kovach (1987), Tan Teck-Hong vd Aman Waheed (2011).
Ke thifa. Herzberg (1959). Kovach (1987), Tan Teck-Hong vd Aman Waheed (2011). Pham The Anh va Nguyen Thi Hong Dao (2013). Nguyen Thiiy Dung (2015).
Ke thifa: Herzberg (1959). Tan Teck-Hong vd Aman Waheed (2011).
Ke thifa' Herzberg (1959), Kovach (1987), Tan Teck-Hong vd Aman Waheed (2011), Bin Thi Minh Thu va Le Nguyln Doan Khdi (2014).
Mguon: Tdng h g p tiT cac tai lieu kft HINH 2: MO HINH DONG LffC LAM VIEC VA StJ GAN BO CUA NHAN VIEN
vdl NGAN HANG DSc difim cong vigc
Dao loo - Thang litn Ticn luoTiB Phuc I d Cap Hen Dons nijliiep Danh gia ihanh lich Chinh sach lao dgng Dicu kicn lam v i « Ap luc cong viec Rill ro lac nghiep
Can cff vao cac Iy thuyet nen ve dgng Iffc lam vide v^ sff gdn bd to chffc. ke thiia cac mo hinh nghidn cffu trong vd ngodi nffdc da trinh bay d Bang 2. ket hdp vdi tinh hinh thffc te nghien cffu dac thu cua nganh ngan hang, nhdm tac gia bo sung thdm hai nhan to' vao mo hinh la^ Ap lffc cong viec, Rui ro tac nghiep. Tren cd so dd. nhom tdc gia da de xuat mo hinh cac nhan to anh hffdng dd'n dong lffc l^m viec va sff gan bd cua nhan vidn vdi ngan h^ng nhff Hinh 2.
Cac gia thuyet nghidn cffu dffdc dat ra la:
Gid thuyet HI: Bac di^m cong vide cd tdc ddng de'n dgng lffc limi viec v& sff gan bd cua nhan vidn vcfi ngan hang;
Gid thuye't H2: Dao tao - Thang tien cd tac dgng de'n dgng lffc lam vide va sff gan bd cua nhan vien vdi ngan hang;
Gid thuyet H3: Tien Iffdng cd tac dong de'n dpng lffc lam viec va sff gSn bd cua nhan vidn vdi ngan hang;
Gid thuyet H4: Phuc ldi c6 tic dgng de'n dgng lffc lam viec va sff gan bd cua nhan vien vdi ngan hang;
Gid thuye'i H5: CS'p tren cd tac ddng de'n dgng lffc lam viec va sff g^n bd cua nhan vien vdi ngan hang;
Gid thuye't H6: Dong nghiep cd tdc dgng den dgng lffc lam viec va sff g^n bd cua nhan vidn vdi ngan hang;
Gid thuyi't H7: Danh gid th&nh tich tac dgng den dpng lffc lam viec va sff gdn bd cua nhan vidn vdi ngan hang;
Gid thuyet H8: Chinh sach lao dgng cd tac dpng den dgng lffc lam vide va sff gdn bd cua nhan vien vdi ngan h^ng;
Gid thuyi't H9: Di^u kien moi trffdng lam viec cd tac dgng dd'n dgng lffc lam vide va sff gdn bd cua nhan vien vdi ngan hang;
Gid thuyet HIO: Ap lffc cong vide cd tac dgng de'n dpng lffc lam vide va sff gdn bd cua nhan vien vdi ngan hang;
Gid thuyi't HIT. Riii ro tdc nghiep cd tac dpng de'n ddng Iffc lam vide va sff gdn bd cua nhan vien vdi ngan hang;
Gid thuye'i H12: Dgng lffc lam viec cd tac dgng dd'n sff gdn bd cua nhan vien vdi ngan hang.
KET LUAN
Nghien cffu ve cdc nhan to' inh hffdng den ddng lffc iam viec va sff i!:in bd cija nhan vidn vdi to chffc. da dUiK cac nha khoa hoc tren the gidi \a n.j ni/dc quan tam tim hie'u. Nghidn cffi; ^ nhan
62
to dnh hffdng dong lffc \km viec va sff nghien culi, xem khung ly thuyd't cua cac nha nghidn gan bd cua nhan vien vdi to chffc da nha'n cffu trffdc day, cac md hinh nghien cffu ve dpng lffc manh tam quan trpng cua nd nhff chia lam viec va sff gan bd cua nhan vien vdi to chffc trffdc khda din tdi sff thanh cdng cua t6 chffc. do cd phu hdp vdi dieu kidn cua cac ngan hang thffdng Thdi gian qua,_ trdn^ thd' gidi va tai mai Viet Nam hay khong? Dieu nay giup bo sung Viet Nam, da cd ra't nhi^u nghien cffu ve them vao khung ly thuye't dpng lffc lam viec va s\i gdn dgng Irfc lam vide. Dd' kid'm tra lai cac bd cua nhan vidn vdi to chffc; dong thdi, giup cac nha ly thuyd't tren vao dilu kien Viet Nam, quan trj nhan sff trong cac ddn vi, to chffc kinh doanh nha't Id trong he thd'ng ngSn hang thffdng cd khung ly thuyd't de dp dung quan tri nhan sff to't hdn mai Viet Nam, nhdm tac gia quye't dinh trong thffc tidn.G
TAT IJF.TT THAM K H A O
1. Tran Kim Dung ya Trtn Hoai Nam (2005). Nhu cdu, suthda mdn cda nhdn vien vd sucam ke't gdn bd vdi tdchdc, De tai nghien cffu khoa hpc ca'p bp, Trffdng Dai hpc Kinh te'TP. Ho Chi Minh
2. Nguyln Thiiy Dung (2015). Cdc nhdn tdtdc dong din dgng luc ldm viec cua gidng viin cdc irUdng dgi hoc tgi Hd Ngi, LuSn dn tid'n sy, Trffdng Dai hpc Kinh te'Qudc dan
3. Nguyen Thi H6ng Ha (2016). Cdc nhdn tdtdc dgng tdi cam ki't id chdc cua nhdn viin tgi cdc doanh nghiip vita vd nho ngdnh dich vu. Luan dn tie'n sy, Trffdng Dai hgc Kinh te'Quo'c dan
4. Doan Xuan Hau (2016). Nghien cdu ndng lUc cdm xuc cda nhd qudn tri cdp trung trong cdc ngdn hdng thuang mgi Viet Nam, Luan an tie'n sy, Trrfdng Bai hpc Kinh td' Quo'c dan
5. Phan Quo'c Dung (2010). Cdc nhdn to'dnh hudng di'n su trung thdnh cua nhdn vien trong td chdc, Ludn van thac sy, Trffdng Bai hpc Kinh td'TP. Ho Chi Minh
6. Pham The'Anh va Nguyen Thi Hong Dao (2013). Quan tn nguon nhan luCva srf gan ket cua ngffdi lao dgng vdi doanh nghiep, Tgp chi Khoa hoc Dgi hoc Quoc gia Hd Not, Kinh leva Kinh doanh, 29(4), 24-34 7. Tran Kim Dung (2005). Do Iffdng mffc d6 thoa man do'i vdi cdng vide trong dieu kien cua Viet Nam, Tgp chi Phdt irien Khoa hgc cong nghe Dai hgc Qudc gia TP. Ho Chi Minh
8. Bui Thi Minh Thu va Ld Nguydn Doan Khoi (2014). Nghidn cffu cac nhan to' anh hffdng de'n dpng Irfc lam viec cua nhan vien trffc tid'p san xua't d Tong Cdng ty Lap mdy Viet Nam (Lilama), Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Can Tho, PhdnD: Khoa hgc Chinh tri, Kinh leva Phdp lugt, 35, 66-78 9. George C. Homans(1958). SocialBehaviorasExchange, ^mer/ca/[youma/o/5oc/o/ogy, 63(6) 10. Howard S. Betker (1960). Notes on the concept of commitment, The American journal of sociology,66{\),32-AQ
11. Allen, N. J., and Meyer, J, P. (1990). The Measurement and Antecedents of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment to the Organization, Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 1-18
12. Herzberg (1959). Herzberg theory of motivation and maslows hierarchy of need. Practical Assessment, Research <&. Evaluation, 5(11)
13. John, T., and K. John (1993). Top-Management Compensation and Capital Structure, Journal of Finance, 48(3)
14. Kovach, K. A. (1987). What motivates employees? Workers and supervisors give different answers. Business Horizons, 30 (5), 58-65
15. Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review. 370-396 16. Meyer J. P., and Allen N. J (1991). A Tree-component concepmaUtazaton of oraganization commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1, 61-89
17. Mitchell, T. R, Terrence R., Cummings, L. L, and Staw, B. M. (1997). Matching motivation strategies with orgranizalional contexts. In Reasearch in organizational behavior, 19, 57-149. CT:
JAI Press, Greenwich
18. Mowday Richard T, Lyman W Porter, and Richard M Steers (1982). Employee-organization linkage. The psychology of commitment absenteism, and turn over_ Academic Press Inc. London
19. Murphy, P. K., and Alexander, P. A. (2000). A motivated look at motivational terminology.
Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 3-53
20. Tan Teck-Hong andAmna Waheed (2011). Herzberg's motivition-Hygienea and jop satisfaction in the Malaysian retail sector: Mediating effect of love of money, Asian Academy of Managemenl Journal, 16(1), 73-94
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