CAC YEU TO ANH Hl/CfNG DEN NANG LlJC CANH TRANH CUA
DOANH NGHIEP NGANH DU LICH TINH BA RIA VUNG TAU
• DINH KIEM - TRAN VIET THANH
TOM TAT:
Nghien cdn nay difdc thiTc hien nham danh gia eac yeu id' anh hifdng de'n nang lu'e canh tranh (NLCT) cua doanh nghiep du lich tinh Ba Ria - Vung Tau, thdng qua khao sal 300 chu doanh nghiep, nba quan ly doanh nghiep dai dien eho phia eung eua du lich tai tinh Ba Ria - Vung T^u, cdng eu Cronbach's Alpha, EFA va phan tich md hinh hdi quy bdi du'dc su" diing. Ket qua da difa ra difdc md hinh 10 yd'u to' anh hifdng de'n NLCT cua doanh nghiep du lich tinh Ba Ria - Vung Tau sap xe'p iheo mu'c do anh hu'dng giam d^n, gdm: Ngudn nban life, San pham va dieh vu du lich, Chie'n lifdc ve gia, Chie'n lu'dc doanh nghiep, Thu'dng hieu, Nang life marketing du lich, Trach nhiem xa hgi, Nang life iJng dung cdng nghe, Nang life tai cbinh; Ha tang - cd sd vat chat, Nang life quan tri, td chiJc lien ke't hoai dgng. Ttf ket qua nghien ctfu tren, nhdm lac gia dd xua't mdt sd ham y quan Iri nhSm giup lanh dao cac doanh nghiep du lich va cd quan quan ly nha nifde cd lidn quan de'n doanh nghiep du lieh, nang cao NLCT eho doanh nghiep du hch Ba Ria-Vung Tau.
Ttf khoa: Nang Itfe canh tranh, doanh nghiep du lieh, tinh Ba Ria -Viing Tau.
1. Dgt vS'nde
Trong khoang hdn 10 nam trd lai day. dae biet la sau khi Vidt Nam gia nhap "Cdng ddng ASEAN" va tham gia cac Hidp dinh Thtfdng mai ttf do FTA vdi EU, Han Qud'e, Lien minh kinh te' A - Au (EEC) va CP-TPP, viec md rdng giao thtfdng vdi the' gidi da lao ra nhieu cd hgi cho nganh Du lieh Viel Nam phat trien Tinh Ba Ria - Vung Tau thudc dia ban trong diem kinh te'phia Nam, la tinh eung ed nhidu tiem nang ldi the' de phat trien du Hch. Tuy nhien, thifc te' nhtfng nam qua cho tha'y viec khai thiic nhtfng ldi the' nay cbtfa ttfdng xtfng vdi cac ngudn life phat tridn hien
cd, eac san phS'm du lich cua tinh chtfa phong phii, da dang, ihie'u cac cd sd du lich ed dang ca'p qud'c le', khu vui chdi giai tri cd the giff khach ltfu trii dai ngay; so lUdt khach de'n tinh ddng nhtfng chu yeu la khach di ve trong ngay, chi tieu binh quan tha'p. Trong nhtfng nguyen nhan khach quan edn bdc Id mdi nguyen nhan chu quan dd la nang Itfc canh tranh ndi tai ctia cac doanh nghiep du Hch cdn han che. Do do, viec di sau phan tich danh gia chinh xac va dtfa ra cac giai phap khae phuc kip thdi nham nang cao NLCT cua cae doanh nghiep du hch tren dia ban tinh Ba Ria-Viing Tau la he't stfc can thie't.
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2. Tdng quan cac va'n dd nghien cu'u 2.1. Ve NLCT cua doanh nghidp
Theo Porter (1980), NLCT la kha nang tao difng, duy tri, su'dung va sang tao mdi cac ldi the' canh tranh ciaa doanh nghiep de tao ra nang sua't, eha't Itfdng eao hdn dd'i thu, chie'm ITnh thj phan Idn, lao ra ihu nhap cao va phat trien ben vtfng.
Report (1985) eho r5ng, doanh nghiep ed kha nang canh tranh la doanh nghiep ed thd san xua't san pham, dieb vu vdi chat Itfdng vUdt trdi, gia ca tha'p hdn dd'i thiJ canh iranh trong va ngoai ntfde.
Cdn Dunning (1993) dinh nghia, NLCT cua doanh nghiep la kha nang doanh nghiep ed the san xua't san pham vdi chi phi bie'n ddi trung binh tha'p hdn gia eua nd tren ihi trifdng.
2.2. Cdc ye'u td anh hUdng de'n NLCT cua doanh nghiep du lich
Nghien ctfu cua Craigwell (2007) cho tha'y NLCT cac dao du lich nhd dang phat trien tai My bi anh htfdng bdi 7 ye'u td', gdm: (1) Giii ca, (2) Nh5n life du Hch, (3) Cd sd ha tang, (4) Mdi trtfdng, (5) Cdng nghe, (6) Stf edi md, (7) Cae khia canh xa hdi. Mechinda va cdng sif (2010) cho bie't, NLCT cua cac doanh nghidp lai khu du hch Koh Chang, Thai Lan cd 12 ye'u td'tac ddng bao gdm: (1) Gia ca, (2) Nhan life du lieh, (3) Cd sd ha tang, (4) Mdi trudng, (5) Cdng nghe, (6) Stf cdi md, (7) Cac khia canh xa hdi, (8) Di san van hda va khach san dia phtfdng, (9) Thtfc an, (10) Sach se, (11) An loan, (12) Vi tri. Review va cdng stf (2013) ihi cho rang, NLCT cua eac doanh nghiep du hch lai chau Au chiu anh htfdng Ciia 6 nhan to' chinh la: (1) Cha't lu'dng djch vu, (2) Gi^, (3) Gia Iri thu dtfdc .so vdi ehi phi bo ra, (4) Va'n dd mdi trtfdng, (5) Cac va'n de xa hdi, (6) An ninh.
Tai Viet Nam, Nguydn Cao Tri (2011) cho tha'y, NLCT cua cae doanh nghidp du Hch thanh phd' Hd Chi Minh cd 10 ye'u td'lien quan: (1) Cd sd vat cha't; (2) To chtfc quan ly; (3) He thd'ng thdng tin; (4) Nhan stf; (5) Thi trifdng; (6) Mar- keling; (7) Vd'n; (8) Tinh hinh canh tranh ndi bd nganh; (9) Chu trtfdng, ehinh sach; (10) Cac bai hgc thanh cdng. Nguydn Thanh Long (2016) tim ra 8 ye'u id' anh hifdng de'n NLCT cila doanh nghiep du lich Be'n Tre: (I) Ngudn nhan Itfe, (2) Cha't Itfdng san pham, dieh vu, (3) Didu kien mdi
trtfdng diem den, (4) Canh tranh vd giii, (5) Nang life td chtfc, quan ly, (6) Nang Itfe markeling, (7) Thtfdng hieu, (8) Trach nhiem xa hgi. Nghien ctfu ciia Pham Viet Hung va cdng stf (2017) ve NLCT ciia eae doanh nghidp du lieh linh Quang Ngai cung cho tha'y cd 10 ye'u td'cd Hen quan: (l)Nang life Marketing du hch, (2) Thtfdng bieu, (3) Nang life tfng dung cdng nghe, (4) Nang bfe quan tn, to chtfc lien ke't hoat ddng, (5) Trach nhiem xa hdi, (6) San pham va dieh vu du lich, (7) Ngudn nhan life, (8) Nang Itfe tai chinh; Ha tang - cd sd vat cha't, (9) Chien Itfdc ve gia va (10) Chie'n lifdc doanh nghiep.
2.3. Mo hinh nghien ctfu vd gid thuye't nghien ctfu
Dtfa theo Ly thuye't vd cd sd ngudn Itfc cua doanh nghidp, Ly thuye'l ebie'n Itfde eanh tranh eiaa M.Porler, Ly thuye't nen lien quan dd'n hoat ddng kinh doanh du hch, dac biet cac nghien ctfu tru'dc, ddng tbdi ketqua nghien ctfu dinh tinh til'thao luan nhdm chuyen gia, md hinh nghien ctfu dtfdc nhdm tae gia dd xua't nhtf sau:
NLCT cua doanh nghiep du Hch tinh Ba Ria - Vung Tau = f (Nang Itfc Marketing du lich, Thu'dng hieu, Nang liJc tfng dung edng nghe, Nang life quan tri, Td chtfc Hen ke't hoat ddng, Trach nhiem xa hgi, San pham va dich vii du lich, Ngudn nhan Itfc, Nang life tai chinh; Ha tang - Cd sd vat chat, Chien Itfdc ve gia, Chien Itfdc doanh nghidp).
//;.• Ndng luc Marketing du lich cd ldc dong cung chie'u de'n NLCT cua doanh nghiep du tich tinh Bd Ria - Vung Tdu
H2: Thuang hieu cd tdc ddng ciing chieu den NLCT cua doanh nghiep du Hch tinh Bd Ria - Vdng Tdu
Hj: Ndng tUc tfng dung cong nghe co tdc dgng ciing chie'u den NLCT cUu doanh nghiep du lich tinh Bd Ria - Vung Tdu
H^: Ndng ttfe quan tri, id chtfc lien ket hogl dong cd ldc dgng ciing chie'u den NLCT ciia doanh nghiep du lich tinh Bd Ria - Vdng Tdu
Hy Trdch nhiem xd hoi cd tdc dgng ciing chieu de'n NLCT cua doanh nghiep du tich iinh Bd Ria -
Vung Tdu
Hy Sdn phdm vd dich vu du lich cd tdc dong ciing chieu den NLCT ciia doanh nghiep du tich tinh Bd Ria - Vung Tdu
Hf Ngudn nhdn Itfc cd tdc ddng citng chieu ddn NLCT ciia doanh nghiep du lich tinh Bd Ria - Vung Tdu
Hy Ndng Itfc tui chinh; Ha tdng - Casd vdt chdi cd tdc ddng cung chieu den NLCT ciia doanh nghiep du tich tinh Bd Ria - Vung Tdu
Hg: Chien tuac ve gid co tdc dgng ciing chieu den NLCT cua doanh nghiep du lich tinh Bd Ria - Vung Tdu
H/Q: Chien luac doanh nghiep cd idc dgng cung chieu den NLCT cua doanh nghiep du lich tinh Bd Ria - VUng Tdu
3. Kd't qua nghidn citu 3.1. Thd'ng ke mdu nghien ctfu
Mau dieu tra dUdc trien kbai khao sal dd'i ttfdng cung du hch gdm eae ehu doanh nghiep, nba quan ly eae doanh nghiep du Hch tai tinh Ba Ria - Vung Tau trong thdi gian 3 thang (ttf thang 02/2019 de'n thang 5/2019). Cd 310 bang eau bdi dtfde phat ra.
thu ve 304 bang, loai ra 4 bang khdng dat yeu cau, cdn lai 300, dally le 98,68% (Bang I),
Bdng 1. Thdng tin phdn bd mdu khdo sdt Khu VLtc d|a ly
Thanh pho VOng Tau Thanh pho Ba Ria
Huyen Long Dien Huyen Dat Do Huyen Xuyen IVlpc
Huyen Chau DUc Huyen Tan Thanh Huyen Con Dao
Tan so 231
10 15 6 12 2 10 14
Ty 1$ % 77,00%
3,33%
5,00%
2,00%
4,00%
0,67%
3.33%
4,67%
Nguon: Xtf ly hdng phdn mem SPSS 25.0 tif dd lieu khao sal
3.2. Kiem dinh dg tin cqy cua ihang do Ke'l qua Bang 1 cho tha'y, cac bie'n cd he sd' Cronbach's Alpha Idn hdn 0,6 va cd he sd ttfdng quan bie'n - tdng Idn hdn 0,33 (Nguydn Dinh Tho, 2011). Cac bidn nay dtfdc stf dung trong phan tich EFA tie'p theo.
3.3. Phdn Hch nhdn tdkhdm phd EFA Ke't qua kiem dinh Bartlet vdi sd sig.< 0.05 va he sd KMO bang 0,836 Idn bdn 0,5 - dat yeu cau ap dung ky thuat EFA. 48 bien quan sat ddc lap dtfdc dtfa vao phan lich nhan td EFA vdi phtfdng phap trich Principal Component va phep quay Varimax. Ke't qua EFA cho tha'y cd 10 nhan td du'dc trich tai Eigenvalues la 1,442 va long phtfdng sai trich dtfde la 82,279% > 50%, dieu nay ndi len rang 10 nhan to' dtfdc trich ra nay c6 the giai thich dtfdc 82,279% bie'n thien cua dtf lieu, day la ket qua cha'p nhan dtfdc (Bang 2).
Ke't qua kiem dinh cac bid'n quan sat phu thudc cho tha'y sig. = 0,000 < 0.05, KMO = 0,818 (> 0,5).
Ke'l qua EFA eho tha'y vdi phu'dng phap trich nhan td Principal Component, phep quay Varimax, trich dtfdc mdt nhan to' vdi 5 bie'n quan sat va phtfdng sai trich tich luy dtfdc la 69,36% (>50%). Gia tri Eigenvalue la 3,468 (> 1), cac he sd' tai nhan to' ciia eae bie'n quan sat ddu Idn hdn 0.5, thang do dal yeueau.
Ke't qua kiem djnh Cronbach's Alpha va EFA neu trdn cho tha'y thang do cac ye'u to ddc lap va phu thudc deu dat yeu can ve gia tri va dd tin cay, va se dtfdc dtfa vao nghien ctfu dinh Itfdng Hep theo.
*Phdn tich ma Iran tuang quan Pearson Ma tran ttfdng quan cho tha'y mtfc y nghTa cua cache sd'ra't nho (cao nha't la cuaTC sig = 0,0277
< 0,05) nen eae he sd'lu'dng quan cd y nghia thd'ng ke va deu diJ didu kien dd du'a vao phan dch hdi quy (Bang 4).
Ke't qua ttf Bang 4 ebo thay tn thd'ng ke F = 237,9735 vdi gia in Sig. = 0,000 < 0.05, chtfng to md binb bdi quy tdng the phu hdp vdi lap dtf lieu nghien ctfu. He so' R- hieu chinh 0,8879 eho tha'y 88,79% stf bie'n thien eua bie'n phu thudc dtfdc giai thich bdi cac bie'n dgc lap. Cac bie'n ddc lap deu co gia tri Sig. < 0.05 cho ta ke't luan eae bie'n ddc lap Hen quan dd'n cac nhan td' kham pha deu cd y nghTa thd'ng ke d mtfe 5%.
Phtfdng trinh hdi quy
NLCT = 0.073*MA + 0.066*TH + 0.049*CN + 0,044*QT + 0,062TN + 0,249*SP + 0,332*NL + 0,037*TC + 0,160*GI + 0,083*CL -i- ei.
Cac he so hdi quy ddu mang dau du'dng (-I-) the' bien cac bie'n ddc lap cd quan he thuan vdi bie'n phu thudc. Dtfa vao he sd hdi quy chuan hda.
120 So 13-Thang 7/2019
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Bdng 2. He sd Cronbach's Alpha
STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Thang do
Nang luc ivlarketing du iich (lylA) Thuong hieu (TH)
Nang iuc Ung dung cong nghe (CN) Nang luc quan tri, to chUc lien ket hoat dong (QT) Trach nhifem xa h6i (TN)
San pham va dich vu du iich (SP) Nguon nhan iuc (NL)
Nang Iuc tai chinh; Ha ting - Co sd vat chat (TC) Chien iuoc ve gia (Gi)
Chien iuoc doanh nghiep (CL)
Nang iuc canh tranh doanh nghi&p du iich (NLCT) So bien quan sat 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 5
H$50 Alpha 0,935 0,921 0,946 0,949 0,924 0,947 0,947 0,948 0,927 0,919 0,889
Tuong quan bien tong nho nhat
0,775 0,722 0,842 0,841 0,765 0,844 0,86 0,819 0,752 0,718 0,667 Nguon • Xtf ly bdng phdn mem SPSS 25.0 ttf dd lieu khdo .sdt
Bdng 3. Ke't qud phdn tich nhdn to' khdm phd EFA
Bien QT3 QT4 QT2 QT1 QT5 TC4 TC5 TC3 TC2 TCI CNI CN4 CN5 CN2 CN3
Nhan to 1
0,899 0,886 0,880 0,870 0,866
2
0,881 0,875 0,852 0,852 0,817
3
0,854 0,844 0,838 0,837 0,820
4 5 6
-
7
—
8 9 10
— -
Bien
MAS MA4 MA3 MA2 MAI SP3 SP1 SP4 SP5 SP2 TN3 TN5 TN4 TNI TN2 TH2 TH3 TH4 TH1 TH5 CL3 CL5 CL4 CL1 CL2 G14 GI2 Gi3 Gil
1 2 3 4
0,905 0,869 0,850 0,845 0,826
Nhan to 5
0,827 0,814 0,814 0,807 0,806
6
0,854 0,860 0,823 0,821 0,802
7
0,849 0,808 0,804 0,804 0,772
8
0,863 0,856 0,826 0,815 0,788
9
0,862 0,853 0,807 0,746
10
122 So 13-Thang 7/2019
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Bien
NL2 NL1 NL3 NL4 Eigenvalues
Phuong sai trich (%)
Nhan to 1
14,788 30,808
2
4,866 40,945
3
3,814 48,891
4
3,238 55,637
5
3,105 62,106
6
2,423 67,153
7
2,125 71,58
8
2,06 75,871
9
1,669 79,348
10 0,795 0,792 0,778 0,765 1,442 82,353 Nguon: Xtf ly hdng phdn mem SPSS 25.0 tif dQ heu khao sdt Bdng 4. Ket qud phdn tich hdi quy
Bien d$c l|lp
MA TH CN QT TN SP NL TC GI CL (Hang so)
Hgsohoiquy (B)
0,073079 0,066083 0,049929 0,043703 0,061631 0,248815 0,332210 0,036871 0,159657 0,083249 -0,4897
H$ so Beta chuan hoa 0,078817 0,083027 0,070745 0,052290 0,076607 0,277609 0,399101 0,053064 0,170294 0,090517
MUc y nghTa
0,0003 0,0007 0,0044 0,0162 0,0009 0,0000 0,0000 0,0277 0,0000 0,0001 0,0000
Thong ke da cOng tuyen Toie [3nce
3,66 3,44 2,88 2,42 3,36 10,97 14,59 2,21 6,95 4,04 -4,97
VIF 1,24 1,56 1,62 1,25 1,39 1,71 1,99 1,53 1,60 1,34
R' hieu chinh' 88,79%
Thong ke F (ANOVA). 237,9735 MUc y nghTa (Sig, Cua ANOVA)' 0,0000 Durbin-l/Vatson. 2,197513
Ngudn: Xtf ly bang phdn mem Eviews 10 tif du lieu khdo sal
NLCT cho doanh nghiep du lich Ba Ria - Viing Tau (NLCT) chiu tac ddng nhieu nha't va giam dan theo thtf ttf: Ngudn nhan Itfc (NL), San pham vh dieh vu du Hch (SP), Chien Itfde vd giii (GI), Chie'n Itfdc doanh nghiep (CL), Thtfdng hieu
(TH), Nang lu'e Marketing du lich (MA), Traeh nhiem xa hdi (TN), Nang Itfe tfng dung cdng nghe (CN), Nang life tai chinh; Ha tang - ed sd vat chat (TC), Nang Itfc quan tri, id chtfc lien ke't hoai ddng (QT).
*Kiem dinh stf vipham cua cdc gid dinh hoi quy Vdi gia tri P-value ciia tham sd' J (kiem dinh Jarque-Bera) la 0,0315 > 0,01 (mtfc y nghia 1%), ta chap nhan Ho, nghTa la md binh ed phan dtf luan theo phan phdi chuan d mtfc y nghia 1 %.
Kidm dinh tinh cha't da cdng tuye'n. He so' VIF ciia eac bie'n deu cd tri < 10, chtfng td md hinh khdng xay ra hien itfdng da cgng tuyen.
Kiem dinh BG (Breuseh-Godfrey) ve tinb ddc lap cua ciic phan du. Cd P-value cua dai lu'dng kiem dinh = 0,1699 > 0,05 (mtfc y nghTa =5% ta di de'n ke't luan cha'p nhan gia thie't Ho. NghTa la md hinh hdi quy khdng xay ra hien Itfdng ttf Itfdng quan gitfa cac sai sd, hay ndi each khac eae sai sd dam bao tinh ddc lap.
Kiem dinh White ve phtfdng sai phan dtf thay ddi, cho tha'y P-value eua dai Itfdng kiem dinh = 0,000 < 0,05 (mtfe y nghTa = 5%) la bac bd gia thiet Ho. NghTa la md hinh hdi quy ed xay ra bien tu'dng phifdng sai cua phan dif thay doi d mtfc y nghia 5%
(thdng thudng dtf lieu thu thap bang phifdng phap thuSn tien dd xay ra hidn tifdng nay (Gujarali, 2003)).
Nhu' vay, kiem dinh gia dinh hdi quy cho Ihay, cac gia dinh hdi quy hau he't la khdng hi vi pham, do do ke'l qua hdi quy cd thd dtfdc giai thich dam bao.
4. Kd't luan va ham y quan tri 4.1. Ke't ludn
Qua qua trinh nghien ctfu, nhdm tiic gia da stf dung phtfdng phap nghien ctfu dinh Itfdng phil hdp.
Xtf ly sd lieu bang cdng cu thdng kd dd cd the kham pha va xac dinh dUde 10 ye'u td' anh hu'dng de'n NLCT ciia doanh nghiep du lich tinh Ba Ria - Vung Tau, sap xep theo thtf tU giam dan, gdm: Ngudn nban Itfe, San pham va dich vu du licb, Chien Itfdc ve gia, Chien Itfdc doanh nghiep, Thifdng hieu, Nang luc markeling du Ijch, Trach nhiem xa hgi, Nang life tfng dung cdng nghe, Nang Itfc tai chinh;
Ha tang - Cd sd vat chat, Nang life quan tn, id chtfc lien ke't hoat ddng.
4.2. Hdm y qudn tri 4.2.1. Nguon nhdn Itfc
Ngudn nhan Itfc cua cae doanh nghiep du lieh lai tfnh Ba Ria - Vung Tau hien nay can difdc lang ctfdng dao tao, bdi dtfdng ky nang va kie'n thtfc de nang eao tinh chuyen nghiep cua ngudn nhan life, day la yeu td'ehu chd't, quan trgng thuc day doanh nghiep du lieh phat trien ben vtfng, nang cao stfc
canh tranh Doanh nghiep can danh gia va xay dung kd hoach dao lao ngudn nhSn life cua doanh nghiep, vide dao tao cd the linh boat bang nhieu hlnh thtfc nhtf: trong ngoai ntfdc hoac tai cho, ke't hdp td chtfc hgi thao chuyen de de nang cao kie'n thtfc, nghiep vu cho nban life.
4.2.2. Sdnphdm vd dich vu du tich Cac san pham, dich vu cua doanh nghiep du hch tai tinh Ba Ria - Vung Tau can chu trgng va nang eao ve chat Itfdng, da dang hda loai hinh san pham, ddng thdi nang cao uy tin du lich eiia ban than doanh nghiep va loan tinh. Doanh nghiep can phat trien eac san pham du lich cha't lu'dng, ddc dao mang tinh eha't dae thu dja phtfdng cd stfe hap dSn cao. Td chtfc ke'l hdp cac lour tuyen du Iich gan vdi cac loai hinh du lich dang ed the manh, nham tao nhtfng san pham da dang, dac sac, khdng bi triing Idp.
4.2.3. Chien tuac vi gid
De canh tranh dtfde vdi eae san pham du lieh cung loai cua cae tmh, cae doanh nghiep du Ijch tai tinh Ba Ria - Vung Tau can da dang hda san pham du hch vdi gia ea phu hdp, niem yet edng khai va tuan thu viec dung gia da dang ky.
4.2.4. Chien tUac doanh nghiep
Doanh nghiep can nghien ctfu mdi tru'dng vT md nham dinh htfdng va dieu cbinh muc tidu chie'n Itfdc eua doanh nghiep, ciia nganh du lich sao cho phi) hdp vdi stf thay ddi cua mdi tru'dng kinh doanh va nhu cau du khacb. Dinh hu'dng trong viec tridn khai cac chi lieu, ke' hoach cho doanh nghiep, ddng thdi tham gia, td chtfc hgi thao nham dtfa ra giai phap chien Itfde cho doanh nghiep.
4.2.5. Thuang hieu
Doanh nghiep du lich can ed ke'hoach xay dtfng thtfdng hieu cua doanh nghiep minh mdt each bai ban gan lien vdi thtfdng hieu du Ijch bien, du hch hdi nghj, hdi thao (MICE); du lieh sinh thai chat lifdng cao; du lieh van hda, hch stf, tam linh; du lich difdng sdng va du Ijch cgng ddng. Phat trien thtfdng hieu du hch gan lien vdi bien: san pham du Ijch the ihao, stf kien the thao du Ijch, tang ctfdng xuc tien quang ba.
4.2.6. Ndng tUc marketing du tich
Doanh nghiep thtfc hidn quang ba gidi thieu binh anh cua doanh nghiep, thu hut cac hang Iff hanh Idn, cac phdng vien khao sal ve du lich (FAM TRIP), tham gia eac stf kien lien quan de'n quang ba du lieh.
124 So 13-Thang 7/2019
QUAN IRj-QUAN IV
4.2.7. Trdch nhiem xa hoi
Cae nha quan tri can lang etfdng cdng tac tuyen truyen, giao due ve ve sinh an toan thtfc pham, kiem soat nguyen lieu thtfe pham, ngudn ntfdc; ddng tbdi kiem soat khu an ud'ng, be'p nau, rac thai.
4.2.8. Ndng luc tfng dung cong nghe Doanh nghiep nen tham gia cac hoat ddng dudi hinh thtfc thtfdng mai dien tiV nhtf tfng dung chuyen ve du Ijch dang dtfdc du khach Itfa chgn nhif TripAdvisor, Yelp, Airbnb, HomeAway, mTracker, mobiCRM, 3C, Gotadi, VIVU, Vntrip,...
4.2.9. Ndng Itfc ldi chinh; Hqldng- Casd vdt chdt Cae doanh nghidp can ket nd'i eae didm du Ijch; id ebtfe le hdi, stf kien nham gitf chan du khach di ddi vdi vide lang chi phi dau ttf eho ha tang kien true, cd sd vat cha't ciia doanh nghiep
nham dam bao phuc vu du khach.
4.2.10. Ndng Itfc qudn tri, to chtfc Hen kel hoat dgng
Cae doanh nghiep ke't hdp vdi tinh thtfdng xuyen id chtfc hdi thao vd du lich, chu ddng tim kie'm, ddng thdi lien ke't doanh nghiep trong va ngoai tinh ve du hch.
4.3. Han chd cua nghien ctfu
Nghien ctfu van cdn mdt so' ban che nha't djnh nhu: (1) Pham vi nghien ctfu eua de tai cdn han ehe', (2) Nghien ctfu ehi kham pha va rut ra dtfdc 10 yeu to, thtfe le' cdn mdi so' ye'u to khdc, (3) Nghien ctfu mdi khao sal dtfdc sd Itfdng cac chu doanh nghiep, cac nha quan ly doanh nghiep du Hch itfdng dd'i it so vdi tdng the. Dd ciing chinh la gdi y cho nhtfng nghien ctfu tie'p theo •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
/. Craigwell. R (2007). "Tourism Competitiveness in Small Island Developing Stales", South Asia. Research Paper No. 2007/19.
2. Dunning. J. H. (1993). "Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy", Wokingham, England: Addison - Wesley Publishing Company
3. Dmh Kiem (2016). Kinh lilugng tfng dung vdi phdn mem Eviews. Trudng Dai hoc Tdi chinh Markeling 4. Gujarali. N.D. (2003). Basic Econometrics, 4ih Edition. Tata McGraw-Hill. New Delhi. 748. 807.
5 Mechinda P., Serlrat S. Popaijtf N. Lertwannawii A.. Anuwichanonl J (2010). "The relative impact of competitiveness factor and destination equity on tourist's loyalty' in Koh Chang. Thailand". International Business &
Economics Research Journal, 9(10). 99-114
6. Nguyin Cao Tri (2011), "Ndng cao ndng Itfc canh Iranh cua cdc doanh nghiep du lich thanh phd Ho Chi Minh din ndm 2020". Ludn dn Uen si kinh li, Dgi hgc Kinh leTP Hd Chi Minh.
7. Nguyin Thdnh Long (2016). "NghiSn ctfu cdc yiu tddnh hudng din ndng lUc canh tranh cua doanh nghiep du lich Bin Tre". Tap chi Khoa hoc Dgi hgc Md TP. Ho Chi Minh . sd 53 (2). irang 90-109.
8. NguySn Dinh Thg (2012). Phuong phdp nghien ciiu khoa hoc trong kinh doanh. Hd Ngi: Nhd xudt bdn Lao dgng Xd hgi.
9. Nguyin Viet Ldm (2014), "Bdn ve phUOng phdp xdc dinh ndng lUc canh iranh ctia doanh nghiep Viet Nam", Tap chi Kinh te vd Phdt trien, sd206, thdng 8 (trang 47-53).
10. Pham Viet Hdng, Lgi Xudn ThUy, Trdn Huu Tudn (2017). "Cdc yiu tddnh hudng den ndng Itfc canh tranh ciia cdc doanh nghiep du hch linh Qudng Ngdi", Tap chi Khoa hgc Dai hgc Hue: Kmh le vd Phdt trien. Tap 126, Sd 5D, 2017, Trang 125-137.
11. Porter. M.E. (1980). Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Iiuluslnes and Competitors, Free Press.
New York.
12 Report, A.. (1985). Report from ihe Select Committee of the House of Lords on Ovenseas Trade. London • HMSO.
13. Review. C B. Assistant. S.. & Dubrovnik. B. ^.. (2013), "Competitiveness of Travel Agencies in Ihe European". Tourism Market. 12(4). 278-286.
Ngay nhan bai: 13/6/2019
Ngay phan bien danh gia va su'a cbtfa: 23/6/2019 Ngay chap nh^n dang bai: 3/7/2019
Thong lin tdc gid:
l . T S . DINH KIEM
Nguydn Trtf^^ng khoa Quan ly Ngudn nhan Itfc, Trtfdng Dai hgc Lao dong Xa hdi (CSII) TP. Ho Chi Minh.
2. TRAN VTET THANH
Giam doc Khach san Cdng Doan Ba Ria - Viing Tau, Pho Chu tich Hiep hgi Du lieh tinh Ba Ria -Viing Tau.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF TOURISM ENTERPRISES LOCATED
IN BA RIA - VUNG TAU PROVINCE
• Ph.D DINH KIEM
Former Dean, Faculty of Human Resource Management University of Labour and Social Affairs - Ho Chi Minh City Campus
• TRAN VIET THANH
Director, Ba Ria - Vung Tau Trade Union Hotel Vice Chairman, Bo Rio - Vung Tau Toursim Association
ABSTRACT:
This sludy is to assess factors affecting the competitiveness of tourism enterprises located in Ba Ria - Vung Tau province by surveying 300 business owners and business managers from lourism enterprises. Cronbach's alpha. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and multiple regression model analysis were used to carry out this sludy. The sludy shows that there are 10 factors affecting the competitiveness of tourism enleiprises in Ba Ria - Vung Tau province, including Human resources. Products and services. Price strategy. Enterprise strategy. Brand, Tourism marketing capacity. Social responsibility. Technology appheation capacity, Financial capacity. Facilities and infrastructure. Management capacity. Operation (arranged according to the influencing level). Based on the study's result, authors propose some administrative implications lo help leaders of tourism enterprises and related slate management agencies improve the competitiveness of tourism enterprises located in Ba Ria - Vung Tau province.
Keywords: Compedtiveness, lourism enterprises, Ba Ria-Vung Tau province
