QUAN HE GllTA GIA TR! THUC DUNG VA GIA TR.I THAM MY TRONG DOI CANH TOAN CAU
TRIEU QUANG MINH *
I Mdi quan he gifla gia trj thiiC dung va niem cfla hp ve cdc gia tri ttong cupc sdng. Tfldd,
• gia tri tham my cd I h l Ihay rat khd de chi ra su tach biet cd tinh rd Bupc xac lap sdm tfl Irong Ijch sfl nhan loai va rang gifla gia tri tham my va gia tri thflc dung, ludn biln ddi cflng v d nhflng dieu kien cu the. Bo NghTa la, m d quan he giffa gia tri tham my va gia vay, v d tfl each la mpt pham trfl lich sfl, gia Irj ti\ thiic dung dirong tflng thd ky nhat dnh efla Ijch tham my va gia trj Ihuc dung, cflng nhu md quan sfl, flng v d cae dan tpc, eae cpng ddng ngud, cae he giffa chflng trong bdi canh loan cau hoa vfla chfl t h l Iha'm my khac nhau deu mang Unh bien cd tinh phd bien, vfla cd nhffng tinh chat dac thfl chflng. Mdt mat, gia tri thue dung thdng nhat vd efla thd dai. gia trj tham my Iheo nghTa cflng tdn tai, cai cd Ieh
Tinh phd bien trong md quan ha gifla gia In gan lien vd cai dep. Su gan kit nay ed dupc la do tham my va gia trj thuc dung quy djnh tinh song ca gia tri thuc dung va gia trj tha'm my diu dupc trflng cfla hai pham trfl nay. Mpi su danh gia cfla hinh thanh va phat triln tfl trong hoat dpng thue eon ngud dd vd eae hian tupng tii nhien, xa hdi tien cfla con ngud - nhffng hoat dpng vat chat va tfl duy trong Ijch sfl bao giP cflng gan lien 'cai mang tinh ljeh sfl, xa hdi cfla con ngud nham cai dep' vd 'cai cd ich" hay "cd ipi'. Tat nhiPn, ca gia biln tit nhiSn va xa hpi. S gde dp thdng nhat nay, tri thflc dung va gia tri tham my ddu khdng phai la gia trj thuc dung dupc xem la lien de, CP sd cho su nhffng pham trfl khep kin, tuyet dd. Gidng nhfl eae hinh thanh gia tri tham my, cdn gia tti tham my cd pham tnJ gid tri khac, gia tri tfiue dung va gia Iri tae dung nang tam cho gia trj thuc dung. Mat khac, tham my ludn dupc bd sung them bang nhflng npi gia trj thiic dung mau thuin v d gia trj tham my dung md, tham ehi la thay bang npi dung dd lap. theo nghTa ti le nghjch, nghTa la gia I j Ihuc dung Vd mpt khia canh ndo do cd t h l ndi nhu Ph. Idn thi gia trj tham my nhd va ngupc lai. Tinh mau Angghen: "Tfl dan tpc nay sang dan tpc khac, tfl thuin nay lam cho viec nhan dian, xac djnh va thd dai nay sang thd dai khac, nhffng quan niem danh gia cac he gia tri tham my va thuc dung I d ve thien va ae da bidn ddi nhieu den mfle ehflng nen khd khan hon. Thflc t l la, gia In tham my thfldng trai ngupc han nhau'"'. nghiang ve yeu td Inh than, nd thfldng ed gang Tinh song trflng cfla gia tri thfle dung va gia trj thoat ly nhflng tinh chat mang tinh vu Ipi vat chat tha'm my mdt mat cho thay su danh gia cfla chfl tam thudng d l dat t d mue ti6u cao hon gid trj thuc the tham my ve gia trj dao dfle, kinh te, van hoa... dung. Tuy nhian, can thay rang, t'nh mau thuin cfla cac khach thl. Mat khac, nP bien eon ngud nay khong nhflng khPng lam triet tiau mpt trong hai thanh chfl t h l tham my gan lien vd nhffng quan gia trj ma nd cPn tao ra md ludng d l ca gia tri
thuc dung va gia tri tha'm my ngay cang phJi chiing minh tinh hoan thien efla minh. Theo dd, gia
• Tien si. Hoc vien Chinh tri Khu vue I (|.| ff^^ ( | ™ ya gia l i tham my Se luPn phdi tim 1 - C.Mac vd Ph.i\ngghen: Todn tdp, Nxb. Chinh tn j , i_ j ^ a^' ^ u i- . Quocgm. Hd Not 1994, tdp. 20, tr. 135. "^^ «=" ^^"^ ^^ " « " ^^ " ™ " ™ Irong hOal
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NBHIEN cuu-TRAO BOI
dpng cfla con ngfld vi chi cd nhu t i e chflng m d pham vat chat va t n h t i a n cfla nhan loai v d mot Idn lai v d l u each la he gia l i dich thirc. mfle chi phi phai l a thap hon. Cac qua trinh mang Tuy nhian, su van dpng va phat l i l n efla d d tinh toan eau da dua cac qudc gia khac nhau cflng sdng x§ hpi dang ngay mpt gia tang t'nh phong bfldc vao nen kinh t l tri thflc, vao mang Ifld san phfl, phflc tap trong viae nhan djnh eac gia tri Ihflc xuat cPng nghiep Qua trinh cPng nghiep hoa, hien dung va tham my cflng nhu m d quan ha gifla dai hoa trd thanh muc tiau cfla hau h i t eac nudc chflng. Bay cung cd t i l coi la mdt trong nhflng iy dang phat triln. Cflng v d dd, cac thanh tuu khoa do can ban tao ra t'nh dac thfl efla m d quan he hpc - ky thuat va viec flng dung khoa hpc - ky thuat nay trong bdi canh loan cau hoa. Tinh dae thfl cfla nhat la ve linh vuc cdng nghe thdng t n da thu hep mdi quan ha gifla gia In thuc dung va gia trj tham dan khoang each gifla eac dan tpc va dua eac ndn my trong bdi canh loan cau hod la kdt qua cfla su van hoa lien lai gan nhau hon. V d loan eau hoa, lac dpng ed tinh hai mat efla lan sdng toan eau nhan loai dang den gan hon v d mdt he gia tri hoa. Tinh dae thfl nay, mpt mat cho thay xu hfldng ehua'n mang tinh loan cau.
chung cfla thd dai, nhung mang tinh rieng biet so Tuy nhien, chinh su phat trien nhanh ehdng qua v d cde thd dai trudc; mat khac, cflng khang djnh mflc efla gia tri thflc dung trong b d canh loan cau nhting xu hudng, nhffng each tiep nhan su tae hoa lai la mpt l o n g nhffng nguyan nhan can ban ddng khde nhau ddi v d cdc gia tri thuc dung va lam bien ddi gia tri l i a m my. Vi muc tieu icJi nhuan, tham my. Ching han: ha thdng eae nuPe kem phat nhieu nha san xuat s i n sang gat sang mpt ben tridn, dang phat triln va phat triln; t h l ha cap ten, nhan each kinh doanh va lpi ich ngud tiau dflng de t h l ha bao thfl; tu tudng cdng hien, tu tudng hfldng san xuat hang gia, hang nhai, hang kem chat thu... Didu nay quy djnh su phong phfl, da dang va Iflpng, bde idt ngud lao dpng... Cung v d nhung phflc tap cfla cac hp gia tri thue dung va gia trj thuc trang do, nen van hoa truyen thdng cfla t i a m my cflng nhu nhffng phflong dien danh gia ve khdng It cac quoc gia dang ehflng kidn su du nhap eac ha gia tri nay. cfla cac ludng van hoa ngoai lai, phan gia tri cd 2. Tac dpng eua qua trinh toan eau hda anh hudng tore tep den quan niem sdng. Quan den quan he giu^a gia trj thfle dung va gia trj niem ve idi sdng, ve cae gia tri chan, thien, my tha'm my dang bj danh ddng v d quan nipm sdng hudng thu.
Qua trinh loan cau hoa kdo tat ca cac qudc gia thd trang phan cai dep va IS eu xfl song phang - dan tpc tran dflpng d cfla no vao mdt cupe va theo kieu "tien trao chao mflc'... Thflc trang dang cham eac gia tri. Cac gia trj dan tpc n d chung phai bao dpng nay khien khPng it cac qudc gia quay lai d d dian v d rat nhidu sir tdc dpng cua cae gia tri nhin nhan mpt each hpp ly hPn d d v d eae gia trj ngoai lai. Trong cupc dung dp nay, cac gia tri dan mang tinh dan tpc. Toan eau hoa can dupc nhan IPC bupc phai "tmdig thanh' d l d d mat va khang thflc nhu mot xu l i e khach quan de nang tam phat dinh vj tri efla nd, ddng thd nd eung phai chap triln eua cac dan tpc nhung khong cd nghTa la cac nhan du nhap nhflng npi dung m d d l bat kjp thd dan tpc chap nhan hoa tan minh trong xu t h l hpi dai. VI vay, m d dan tpc se phai chpn cho minh mpt nhap qude t d MPI qude gia dan tpc phai chap hfldng S\ hpp ly d l xac djnh chlnh xae dau la gia nhan su tac dpng cP tinh hai mat efla lan song toan W, dau la phan gia tri c l vd mat tham my va thue cau hoa de vfla phat trien vfla t i l p tue khang djnh dung d l quydt djnh tidp nhan hoac ed bien phap vj t h l cfla dan tpc minh.
ngdn chan. Qua trinh toan eau hoa ben canh viee gan k i t Nhin mpt edeh tdng t h l , loan eau hoa dudng hai he gia trj nay v d nhau d l thu hep dan khoang nhfl dang gdp phan gia tang gia tri ttiuc dung khi each gifla cae qudc gia - dan tpc, giua cac cpng mang lai cho eac dSn tdc co hdi hudng thu cae san ddng ngud Uii cung ddng thd tao ra khuynh hfldng
TAP CHl Giio ogc LYLUAN-56216(2014) j g
day gia Iri tham my va gia tti l i i r c dung di theo hai nhat djnh. Bilu hien cfla mSu t h u i n nay cd the hudng khae nhau. Giai quyet mdt each hai hoa mdi l i a y rd qua hai ndi dung co ban:
quan ha giffa gia trj thuc dung va gia t i tham my Mdt /a, trong d d sdng x5 hpi, gia W tham my trong bdi canh loan e l u hoa chlnh la duong dau dudng nhu ludn mudn tach ra va vupt ra k h d gia tii v d nhflng thach thfle ma toan cau hoa dat ra cho Ihue dung, frong khi gia frj thuc dung lai tim each cac qudc gia tren dudng d efla nd nhat la eac nudc gan nd v d gia fri tham my. Chinh t'nh frttu tflong va dang phat trien. Vi vay, yau eau cfla t h d dai ngay Uiong ddi cfla gia fri tham my da tao d i l u kien cho nay la phai xay dung mdt qudc gia - dan tpc v d nhflng phan gia fri khoac ISn nd cai gpi la gia t i tinh chat thdng nhat frong da dang. Mdi qudc gia, khien eho djnh hudng gia l i khong d dflng hudng.
dan Ipc can phai chap nhan lan song loan cau hoa Hai la, mau t h u i n vd quan niem sdng gifla mdt mang theo ea trong dd yeu td tieh cue va tiau cue ben la I d sdng dua Iran ndn tang dao dfle tmyen d l cd CO ehe chpn Ipc, dau tfl, gifl gin va phat huy thdng dan tpc, su tiep nhan cai m d vdi thai dp cac gia trj dan tpc va ddng thd l d p thu, cai b i l n than trpng, cd chpn Ipc, sir hy sinh lpi fch ca nhan cac gia trj nhan loai cho phfl hpp v d ddu kian vl muc t a u phat t r i l n chung hudng t d nhffng gia riang eP cfla dan tpc minh. tri dieh Ihuc cfla con ngfld v d Idi sdng xd bo Gia Irj tham my vfla thdng nhat, vtta mau t h u i n mang tinh hudng thu, s u thoai hoa b i l n ehat ve v d gia tri thuc dung. Tinh bien chflng nay dang dao dfle, thai dp cd vu cho nhflng loai hinh "phi dflpe lan sdng loan eau hoa tidp tuc khang djnh ngha thuat' d f l d cai mac la "trao luu m d " , "ngha mpt each rd rang hon. B d vi, trong b d canh loan thuat duong dai dich thirc'... ngdy cang phd bien cau hoa, quan he Ipi Ich hay eac gia trj thuc dung d nhieu qudc gia.
ddng vai trd quyet djnh, deu tilt quan he dao dfle 3. Viet Nam don nhan toan cau hoa va coi hay gia tri tham my. Xet den eflng, ye'u td kinh td day vfla la thdi co, viia la thach thflt:. T o i n cau v i n la y l u td quan trpng nhat, mac du khPng phai hoa dem lai lan gid miJi d tat ca cac mat: kinh la ydu Id duy nhat quyet djnh su phat friln efla xa te, chinh trj, xa hoi va van hoa d Viet Nam.
hpi. Xa hpi ma chflng ta hudng t d luPn la xa hdi v d Song, vdi tinh hai mat cfla minh, toan c i u hoa chat ludng sdng cao hon. NghTa la, lpi Ieh vat chat, dang lam bien doi Viet Nam noi chung va tfltig lpi Ich tnh than khPng ngflng dupc cai thian, con ca nhan noi rieng theo nhOhg khuynh hiidng ngud cd co hpi d i n gan hpn v d nhffng gia trj dfch khac nhau, tham chi do! lap nhau. Thang gia trj thuc efla cupe sdng, ea nhan cd co hdi, kha nang thifc dung, gia trj tham my trong quan nidm cfla phat trien tinh nang ddng mdt each t d flu vi mpt xa ngfldi Viet Nam vi the cung dang cd nhiing sii hpi tdt dep hon, nhan van hon va hoan my hon. djch chuyen ro ret.
Gia trj Iham my chung dd thdng nhat v d gia trj thue Thit nhat, toan eau hoa lao ra khuynh hfldng dung Chung. Bd la ly do lam cho cac tac pham van tuyat ddi hoa gia tri thuc dung, coi dd la gia frj quan hpc nghe thuat, tac pham den anh, cac hpc thuyet trpng nhat va duy nhat trong cupc sdng.
dao dfle, tridt hpc... cho dfl de cap t d ea hai mang Kinh te thi trudng dem lai dpng liie phat triln sang - t d efla cupc sdng that hay tfldng tupng thl kinh td - xa hpi Iran eo sd uu t e n va khang djnh M cflng ludn hudng eon ngud t d nhflng gia trj "ngud" ich ca nhan. M d ngud lao dpng deu dang phan dfch thuc. Song, eung chlnh co ehe thi tmdng v d dau trudc h i t la vi ban than minh v d nhflng gia ttj viec chap nhan he thdng quy iuat canh tranh, quy vat chat va tnh than frieo quan niam cfla riang hp.
luat gia trj; viee dd cao vai trd quyet djnh efla y l u Tinh nang dpng, sang tao cfla ca nhan nhd cd co td kinh te; viec tao ra co hpi cho eae ea nhan t u ehe m d ma dupe phat huy, mflc thu nhap binh khing dinh minh... dang iam eho gia tri thuc dung quan dupc nang cao, d d sdng cfla nhan dan filp mau thuan v d gia tri tham my trong nhffng pham vi tuc dupe eai thipn. Tuy nhian, v d sir khang djnh
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qua mflc vd tac dung cfla gia frj vat chat, co e h i l i j frudng dudng nhu dang frd thanh nguyan nhan can ban lam ran nflt mdi quan ha giffa gia In thuc dung va gia frj tham my.
TMr hai, loan cau hoa dang tao ra mdi l u p n g d l eac phan gia tri nflp bdng gid trj tham my khang djnh su vupt ra khd gia Irj thuc dung mpt each tuyat d d .
Toan cau hoa ro rang la con dudng rat ngan d l cac dan tpc ed t h l tim d i n nhau va khing dinh gia trj rieng cd cfla minh. Tuy nhian, khi md efla hpi nhap se khPng tranh khd viae thu nhan ca cae gia fri va phan gia trj vao trong d d sdng dan tpc. Chlnh sir ttiu nhan nay tao ra co hpi d l cac phan gia tri tau dial cac gia trj khi ehfl I h l khdng t u phan djnh va kilm soat dupe su t i p thu cfla ban than. 6 phuong dipn xa hpi, bat cfl gia trj nao (ke ca phan gia Iri nflp bdng gia trj) khi dupc du nhap bao giP eung vap phai s u can trd cfla yeu td mang tinh ban dja va truydn thdng. Mudn tdn tai, mpt mat ehflng phai tim dflpe liic lupng flng hp, mat khac, chflng phdi t h l hian dupc sflc manh cfla minh. 6 khia canh nay, cae gia trj dfch thuc sdm hay mupn eflng tim dupc su hoa hpp v d yeu td dan tpc v d t u each la thanh tuu, Inh hoa nhan loai. No se dupc l e p nhan vao thang gia tri vdn co cua dan tdc mpt each cd chpn ipc, cai biln, ed ke thfla. Tuy nhian, cac phin gia frj khdng phai vi t h l ma khdng tim dupc ehd dflng. Tinh da dang cua cac thanh phan trong xa hdi cflng nhu su khac nhau ve quan niam sdng, dang cap, tuli tac... tao ra eho cae phan gia trt mpt mPi frudng kha thuan Ipi d l tdn tai va phat huy tac dung. Bd la ly do vl sao trong xa hpi Viet Nam hien nay ed khPng It thanh phan ung hp cho Id sdng "lai cang", tuyan tmydn cho cdi gpi la "van hoa phuong Tay ba chfl"... Cflng v d dp la nhffng frang phue, ngdn ngfl d ngflpc lai v d van hoa A Ddng. Nhflng ngfld nay tuyat ddi hoa nhac Rock, mou ngoai, phim bao lite... nhflng lai t u eho rang minh dang d i n v d nhflng gia tri tham my dfch thue vflpt khdi quan niam thPng thudng. Hp eho ring nhflng ngfld khac khPng bilt the nao la cupc sdng hien dai, la cai dep, la gia tn dich thuc.
TAP CHi GIAO D g c LY LUAN - s 6 216 (2014)
Vd Ihuc chat ttij h i l u ttiam my va quan niem dao dfle luon gan v d tinh dac thfl cfla Ifla tudi, song v d mPi xa hpi deu co nhflng he chuan xac djnh. NhOng gia fri tham my mang tinh p h i quat se dua nhffng dan tpc cP sir khae nhau vd dieu kien t i nhien, ngpn ngfl va van hoa... den gan nhau hon trong viec hudng thu cac gia tri tnh than, ehfl khong phai ca| dep cfla dan tdc nay thay the cai dep cfla dan tde khac hay mdt su pha trpn tap nham. Gia tri tham my dfch thuc khi dupc thu nhan bao gid cflng phai gan v d gia tri thuc dung va thdng nhat v d gia trj thuc dung. Bieu nay gdp phan gan nhung hudng friu vat chat v d nhflng hudng ttiu tnh l i a n d l mdi ca nhan tao ra cho minh muc tiau, dpng luc phan dau va xae djnh dupc khung cac gia tri can phai dat dupe trong cupc sdng. Su hudng t d gia l i tham my dua tren ten de la nhung gia tri thuc dung la mpt djnh hudng dflng dan va hpp ly trong giai doan phat trien hien nay. Bang va Nha nflde chfl trudng phat triln kinh te thj trudng djnh hudng xa hpi ehfl nghia co sfl quan ly cfla Nha nflde chinh la v d mue fieu vfla nang cao d d sdng cho nhan dan vfla l i p tuc xay dung va cflng cd nen van hoa tian fien dam da ban sac dan tdc. Theo mpt khia canh nao dp, co t h l coi dd la chu trflpng d l k i t hpp gia trj thflc dung va gia tri tham my mpt each hpp ly theo hudng lay tinh thuc dung hoan hao lam co sd va lam fieu chi de danh gia cai dep d tat ca cac linh v u c B
Tdi lieu tham khdo:
1 • GS, TS. Do Huy, Nhdn dien vdn hda Viet Nam vd su bien ddi cda nd trong The' ky XX, Nxb.
CTQG. Hd Ndi. 2005.
2 • TS. Vu Thl Kim Dung, Vi su bien dot cud chuiin mUc ddnh gid thdm my trong tiiin ky dot mdi i Viet Nam, Nxb CTQG, Hd Noi. 2003
3 - PGS. TS Nguyin Duy Bde, Su bien ddi cdc gid tri vdn hda trong bdi cdnh xdy dung nin kinh te thl trudng a Viet Nam hien nay, Nxb.Tii dien Bdch khoa&Vien Vdn hda, Hd Not 2008
4 - TS Nguyen Huy Hodng, Vdn hda trong nhdn thiic duy vdt lich sit ciia C.Mdc, Nxb. Vdn hda - thdng tm, Hd Not 2000.
5 - TS. Nguyin Huy Hodng, Mdy udn de triet Ape vi vdn hda, Nxb. Vdn hda- tfldng tin, Hd Not 2000
6 - C.Mdc vd PhAngghen: Todn tdp. Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia, Hd Not 1994, tdp. 20.
